Isaiah 24:5

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

The earth is defiled by its inhabitants, for they have violated laws, disregarded the regulation, and broken the permanent treaty.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃

Transliteration

And-the-ʾāreṣ ḥānəpāh taḥat yōšəbehā kî-ʿābərû tôrōt ḥāləpû ḥōq hēpērû bərît ʿôlām

Grammar Details

• *ʾāreṣ*: common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land
• *ḥānəpāh*: Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is polluted/defiled
• *taḥat*: preposition - under/beneath
• *yōšəbehā*: Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants
• *kî*: conjunction - for/because
• *ʿābərû*: Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have transgressed
• *tôrōt*: common noun, feminine plural - laws/teachings/instructions
• *ḥāləpû*: Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have violated/changed
• *ḥōq*: common noun, masculine singular - statute/decree/ordinance
• *hēpērû*: Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have broken
• *bərît*: common noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of
• *ʿôlām*: common noun, masculine singular - everlasting/perpetuity

Word Meanings

• *ḥānəpāh*: is polluted/is defiled/is profaned
• *taḥat*: under/beneath/because of
• *ʿābərû*: have transgressed/have violated/have passed over
• *tôrōt*: laws/teachings/instructions
• *ḥāləpû*: have violated/have changed/have altered
• *ḥōq*: statute/decree/ordinance/boundary
• *hēpērû*: have broken/have annulled/have made void
• *bərît ʿôlām*: everlasting covenant/eternal agreement/perpetual treaty

Referenced Verses

• Num 35:33-34 : 33 “You must not pollute the land where you live, for blood defiles the land, and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed there, except by the blood of the person who shed it. 34 Therefore do not defile the land that you will inhabit, in which I live, for I the LORD live among the Israelites.”
• Dan 7:25 : 25 He will speak words against the Most High. He will harass the holy ones of the Most High continually. His intention will be to change times established by law. They will be delivered into his hand For a time, times, and half a time.
• Rom 8:20-21 : 20 For the creation was subjected to futility– not willingly but because of God who subjected it– in hope 21 that the creation itself will also be set free from the bondage of decay into the glorious freedom of God’s children.
• Heb 9:1 : 1 The Arrangement and Ritual of the Earthly Sanctuary Now the first covenant, in fact, had regulations for worship and its earthly sanctuary.
• Heb 13:20 : 20 Benediction and Conclusion Now may the God of peace who by the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead the great shepherd of the sheep, our Lord Jesus,
• Dan 9:5 : 5 we have sinned! We have done what is wrong and wicked; we have rebelled by turning away from your commandments and standards.
• Dan 9:10 : 10 We have not obeyed the LORD our God by living according to his laws that he set before us through his servants the prophets.
• Mic 2:10 : 10 But you are the ones who will be forced to leave! For this land is not secure! Sin will thoroughly destroy it!
• Mark 7:7-9 : 7 They worship me in vain, teaching as doctrine the commandments of men.’ 8 Having no regard for the command of God, you hold fast to human tradition.” 9 He also said to them,“You neatly reject the commandment of God in order to set up your tradition.
• Luke 1:6 : 6 They were both righteous in the sight of God, following all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blamelessly.
• Gen 3:17-18 : 17 But to Adam he said,“Because you obeyed your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you,‘You must not eat from it,’ the ground is cursed because of you; in painful toil you will eat of it all the days of your life. 18 It will produce thorns and thistles for you, but you will eat the grain of the field.
• Gen 6:11-13 : 11 The earth was ruined in the sight of God; the earth was filled with violence. 12 God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful. 13 So God said to Noah,“I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. Now I am about to destroy them and the earth.
• Gen 17:13-14 : 13 They must indeed be circumcised, whether born in your house or bought with money. The sign of my covenant will be visible in your flesh as a permanent reminder. 14 Any uncircumcised male who has not been circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin will be cut off from his people– he has failed to carry out my requirement.”
• Lev 18:24-28 : 24 Warning against the Abominations of the Nations“‘Do not defile yourselves with any of these things, for the nations which I am about to drive out before you have been defiled with all these things. 25 Therefore the land has become unclean and I have brought the punishment for its iniquity upon it, so that the land has vomited out its inhabitants. 26 You yourselves must obey my statutes and my regulations and must not do any of these abominations, both the native citizen and the resident foreigner in your midst, 27 for the people who were in the land before you have done all these abominations, and the land has become unclean. 28 So do not make the land vomit you out because you defile it just as it has vomited out the nations that were before you.
• Lev 20:22 : 22 Exhortation to Holiness and Obedience“‘You must be sure to obey all my statutes and regulations, so that the land to which I am about to bring you to take up residence there does not vomit you out.
• Deut 32:15 : 15 Israel’s Rebellion But Jeshurun became fat and kicked, you got fat, thick, and stuffed! Then he deserted the God who made him, and treated the Rock who saved him with contempt.
• Deut 32:20 : 20 He said,“I will reject them, I will see what will happen to them; for they are a perverse generation, children who show no loyalty.
• Josh 24:25 : 25 That day Joshua drew up an agreement for the people, and he established rules and regulations for them in Shechem.
• 2 Sam 23:5 : 5 My dynasty is approved by God, for he has made a perpetual covenant with me, arranged in all its particulars and secured. He always delivers me, and brings all I desire to fruition.
• 2 Kgs 17:7-9 : 7 A Summary of Israel’s Sinful History This happened because the Israelites sinned against the LORD their God, who brought them up from the land of Egypt and freed them from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. They worshiped other gods; 8 they observed the practices of the nations whom the LORD had driven out from before them, and followed the example of the kings of Israel. 9 The Israelites said things about the LORD their God that were not right. They built high places in all their towns, from watchtower to fortified city. 10 They set up sacred pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree. 11 They burned incense on all the high places just like the nations whom the LORD had driven away from before them. Their evil practices made the LORD angry. 12 They worshiped the disgusting idols in blatant disregard of the LORD’s command. 13 The LORD solemnly warned Israel and Judah through all his prophets and all the seers,“Turn back from your evil ways; obey my commandments and rules that are recorded in the law. I ordered your ancestors to keep this law and sent my servants the prophets to remind you of its demands.” 14 But they did not pay attention and were as stubborn as their ancestors, who had not trusted the LORD their God. 15 They rejected his rules, the covenant he had made with their ancestors, and the laws he had commanded them to obey. They paid allegiance to worthless idols, and so became worthless to the LORD. They copied the practices of the surrounding nations in blatant disregard of the LORD’s command. 16 They abandoned all the commandments of the LORD their God; they made two metal calves and an Asherah pole, bowed down to all the stars in the sky, and worshiped Baal. 17 They passed their sons and daughters through the fire, and practiced divination and omen reading. They committed themselves to doing evil in the sight of the LORD and made him angry. 18 So the LORD was furious with Israel and rejected them; only the tribe of Judah was left. 19 Judah also failed to keep the commandments of the LORD their God; they followed Israel’s example. 20 So the LORD rejected all of Israel’s descendants; he humiliated them and handed them over to robbers, until he had thrown them from his presence. 21 He tore Israel away from David’s dynasty, and Jeroboam son of Nebat became their king. Jeroboam drove Israel away from the LORD and encouraged them to commit a serious sin. 22 The Israelites followed in the sinful ways of Jeroboam and did not repudiate them. 23 Finally the LORD rejected Israel just as he had warned he would do through all his servants the prophets. Israel was deported from its land to Assyria and remains there to this very day.
• 2 Kgs 22:13-17 : 13 “Go, seek an oracle from the LORD for me and the people– for all Judah. Find out about the words of this scroll that has been discovered. For the LORD’s great fury has been ignited against us, because our ancestors have not obeyed the words of this scroll by doing all that it instructs us to do.” 14 So Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Achbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah went to Huldah the prophetess, the wife of Shullam son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, the supervisor of the wardrobe.(She lived in Jerusalem in the Mishneh district.) They stated their business, 15 and she said to them:“This is what the LORD God of Israel has said:‘Say this to the man who sent you to me: 16 “This is what the LORD has said:‘I am about to bring disaster on this place and its residents, all the things in the scroll which the king of Judah has read. 17 This will happen because they have abandoned me and offered sacrifices to other gods, angering me with all the idols they have made. My anger will ignite against this place and will not be extinguished!’”
• 2 Kgs 23:26-27 : 26 Yet the LORD’s great anger against Judah did not subside; he was still infuriated by all the things Manasseh had done. 27 The LORD announced,“I will also spurn Judah, just as I spurned Israel. I will reject this city that I chose– both Jerusalem and the temple, about which I said,“I will live there.”
• 2 Chr 33:9 : 9 But Manasseh misled the people of Judah and the residents of Jerusalem so that they sinned more than the nations whom the LORD had destroyed ahead of the Israelites.
• Ezra 9:6-7 : 6 I prayed,“O my God, I am ashamed and embarrassed to lift my face to you, my God! For our iniquities have climbed higher than our heads, and our guilt extends to the heavens. 7 From the days of our fathers until this very day our guilt has been great. Because of our iniquities we, along with our kings and priests, have been delivered over by the local kings to sword, captivity, plunder, and embarrassment– right up to the present time.
• Ps 55:5 : 5 Fear and panic overpower me; terror overwhelms me.
• Ps 105:10 : 10 He gave it to Jacob as a decree, to Israel as a lasting promise,
• Ps 106:36-39 : 36 They worshiped their idols, which became a snare to them. 37 They sacrificed their sons and daughters to demons. 38 They shed innocent blood– the blood of their sons and daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan. The land was polluted by bloodshed. 39 They were defiled by their deeds, and unfaithful in their actions.
• Isa 1:2-5 : 2 Obedience, not Sacrifice Listen, O heavens, pay attention, O earth! For the LORD speaks:“I raised children, I brought them up, but they have rebelled against me! 3 An ox recognizes its owner, a donkey recognizes where its owner puts its food; but Israel does not recognize me, my people do not understand.” 4 Beware sinful nation, the people weighed down by evil deeds. They are offspring who do wrong, children who do wicked things. They have abandoned the LORD, and rejected the Holy One of Israel. They are alienated from him. 5 Why do you insist on being battered? Why do you continue to rebel? Your head has a massive wound, your whole heart is sick.
• Isa 10:6 : 6 I sent him against a godless nation, I ordered him to attack the people with whom I was angry, to take plunder and to carry away loot, to trample them down like dirt in the streets.
• Isa 50:1 : 1 This is what the LORD says:“Where is your mother’s divorce certificate by which I divorced her? Or to which of my creditors did I sell you? Look, you were sold because of your sins; because of your rebellious acts I divorced your mother.
• Isa 59:1-3 : 1 Injustice Brings Alienation from God Look, the LORD’s hand is not too weak to deliver you; his ear is not too deaf to hear you. 2 But your sinful acts have alienated you from your God; your sins have caused him to reject you and not listen to your prayers. 3 For your hands are stained with blood and your fingers with sin; your lips speak lies, your tongue utters malicious words.
• Isa 59:12-15 : 12 For you are aware of our many rebellious deeds, and our sins testify against us; indeed, we are aware of our rebellious deeds; we know our sins all too well. 13 We have rebelled and tried to deceive the LORD; we turned back from following our God. We stir up oppression and rebellion; we tell lies we concocted in our minds. 14 Justice is driven back; godliness stands far off. Indeed, honesty stumbles in the city square and morality is not even able to enter. 15 Honesty has disappeared; the one who tries to avoid evil is robbed. The LORD watches and is displeased, for there is no justice.
• Jer 3:1-2 : 1 “If a man divorces his wife and she leaves him and becomes another man’s wife, he may not take her back again. Doing that would utterly defile the land. But you, Israel, have given yourself as a prostitute to many gods. So what makes you think you can return to me?” says the LORD. 2 “Look up at the hilltops and consider this. Where have you not been ravished? You waited for those gods like a thief lying in wait in the wilderness. You defiled the land by your wicked prostitution to other gods.
• Jer 50:5 : 5 They will ask the way to Zion; they will turn their faces toward it. They will come and bind themselves to the LORD in a lasting covenant that will never be forgotten.
• Ezek 7:20-24 : 20 They rendered the beauty of his ornaments into pride, and with it they made their abominable images– their detestable idols. Therefore I will render it filthy to them. 21 I will give it to foreigners as loot, to the world’s wicked ones as plunder, and they will desecrate it. 22 I will turn my face away from them and they will desecrate my treasured place. Vandals will enter it and desecrate it. 23 (Make the chain, because the land is full of murder and the city is full of violence.) 24 I will bring the most wicked of the nations and they will take possession of their houses. I will put an end to the arrogance of the strong, and their sanctuaries will be desecrated.
• Ezek 20:13 : 13 But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness; they did not follow my statutes and they rejected my regulations(the one who obeys them will live by them), and they utterly desecrated my Sabbaths. So I decided to pour out my rage on them in the wilderness and destroy them.
• Ezek 20:24 : 24 I did this because they did not observe my regulations, they rejected my statutes, they desecrated my Sabbaths, and their eyes were fixed on their fathers’ idols.
• Ezek 22:24-31 : 24 “Son of man, say to her:‘You are a land that receives no rain or showers in the day of my anger.’ 25 Her princes within her are like a roaring lion tearing its prey; they have devoured lives. They take away riches and valuable things; they have made many women widows within it. 26 Her priests abuse my law and have desecrated my holy things. They do not distinguish between the holy and the profane, or recognize any distinction between the unclean and the clean. They ignore my Sabbaths and I am profaned in their midst. 27 Her officials are like wolves in her midst rending their prey– shedding blood and destroying lives– so they can get dishonest profit. 28 Her prophets coat their messages with whitewash. They see false visions and announce lying omens for them, saying,‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says,’ when the LORD has not spoken. 29 The people of the land have practiced extortion and committed robbery. They have wronged the poor and needy; they have oppressed the resident foreigner and denied them justice. 30 “I looked for a man from among them who would repair the wall and stand in the gap before me on behalf of the land, so that I would not destroy it, but I found no one. 31 So I have poured my anger on them, and destroyed them with the fire of my fury. I hereby repay them for what they have done, declares the Sovereign LORD.”
• Ezek 37:26 : 26 I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be a perpetual covenant with them. I will establish them, increase their numbers, and place my sanctuary among them forever.