Luke 10:13

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

“Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago, sitting in sackcloth and ashes.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Οὐαί σοι, Χοραζίν! οὐαί σοι, Βηθσαϊδά! ὅτι εἰ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ Σιδῶνι ἐγένοντο αἱ δυνάμεις, αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν, πάλαι ἂν ἐν σάκκῳ καὶ σποδῷ καθήμεναι μετενόησαν.

Transliteration

Ouai to you, Chorazin! ouai to you, Bēthsaida! for if in Tyrō and Sidōni egenonto the dynameis, the genomenai in you, palai an in sakkō and spodō kathēmenai metenoēsan.

Grammar Details

• *Ouai*: interjection - woe/alas
• *egenonto*: aorist middle indicative, 3rd plural - had happened/occurred
• *dynameis*: nominative, feminine, plural - mighty works/miracles/powers
• *genomenai*: aorist middle participle, nominative, feminine, plural - having happened/occurred
• *palai*: adverb - long ago/formerly
• *an*: particle marking contingency - would/might
• *sakkō*: dative, masculine, singular - sackcloth
• *spodō*: dative, feminine, singular - ashes
• *kathēmenai*: present middle/passive participle, nominative, feminine, plural - sitting
• *metenoēsan*: aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - they repented/changed their minds

Word Meanings

• *Ouai*: woe/alas/grief
• *dynameis*: mighty works/miracles/powers/wonders
• *genomenai*: having happened/occurred/taken place
• *palai*: long ago/formerly/in ancient times
• *sakkō*: sackcloth/rough cloth/garment of mourning
• *spodō*: ashes/dust
• *kathēmenai*: sitting/dwelling/remaining
• *metenoēsan*: they repented/changed their minds/had a change of heart

Referenced Verses

• Isa 23:1-9 : 1 The Lord Will Judge Tyre This is an oracle about Tyre: Wail, you large ships, for the port is too devastated to enter! From the land of Cyprus this news is announced to them. 2 Lament, you residents of the coast, you merchants of Sidon who travel over the sea, whose agents sail over 3 the deep waters! Grain from the Shihor region, crops grown near the Nile she receives; she is the trade center of the nations. 4 Be ashamed, O Sidon, for the sea says this, O fortress of the sea:“I have not gone into labor or given birth; I have not raised young men or brought up young women.” 5 When the news reaches Egypt, they will be shaken by what has happened to Tyre. 6 Travel to Tarshish! Wail, you residents of the coast! 7 Is this really your boisterous city whose origins are in the distant past, and whose feet led her to a distant land to reside? 8 Who planned this for royal Tyre, whose merchants are princes, whose traders are the dignitaries of the earth? 9 The LORD of Heaven’s Armies planned it– to dishonor the pride that comes from all her beauty, to humiliate all the dignitaries of the earth. 10 Daughter Tarshish, travel back to your land, as one crosses the Nile; there is no longer any marketplace in Tyre. 11 The LORD stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook kingdoms; he gave the order to destroy Canaan’s fortresses. 12 He said,“You will no longer celebrate, oppressed virgin daughter Sidon! Get up, travel to Cyprus, but you will find no relief there.” 13 Look at the land of the Chaldeans, these people who have lost their identity! The Assyrians have made it a home for wild animals. They erected their siege towers, demolished its fortresses, and turned it into a heap of ruins. 14 Wail, you large ships, for your fortress is destroyed! 15 At that time Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years, the typical life span of a king. At the end of seventy years Tyre will try to attract attention again, like the prostitute in the popular song: 16 “Take the harp, go through the city, forgotten prostitute! Play it well, play lots of songs, so you’ll be noticed!” 17 At the end of seventy years the LORD will revive Tyre. She will start making money again by selling her services to all the earth’s kingdoms. 18 Her profits and earnings will be set apart for the LORD. They will not be stored up or accumulated, for her profits will be given to those who live in the LORD’s presence and will be used to purchase large quantities of food and beautiful clothes.
• Ezek 26:1-28:26 : 1 A Prophecy Against Tyre In the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, the LORD’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, because Tyre has said about Jerusalem,‘Aha, the gateway of the peoples is broken; it has swung open to me. I will become rich, now that she has been destroyed,’ 3 therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Look, I am against you, O Tyre! I will bring up many nations against you, as the sea brings up its waves. 4 They will destroy the walls of Tyre and break down her towers. I will scrape her soil from her and make her a bare rock. 5 She will be a place where fishing nets are spread, surrounded by the sea. For I have spoken, declares the Sovereign LORD. She will become plunder for the nations, 6 and her daughters who are in the field will be slaughtered by the sword. Then they will know that I am the LORD. 7 “For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Take note that I am about to bring King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon, king of kings, against Tyre from the north, with horses, chariots, and horsemen, an army and hordes of people. 8 He will kill your daughters in the field with the sword. He will build a siege wall against you, erect a siege ramp against you, and raise a great shield against you. 9 He will direct the blows of his battering rams against your walls and tear down your towers with his weapons. 10 He will cover you with the dust kicked up by his many horses. Your walls will shake from the noise of the horsemen, wheels, and chariots when he enters your gates like those who invade through a city’s broken walls. 11 With his horses’ hoofs he will trample all your streets. He will kill your people with the sword, and your strong pillars will tumble down to the ground. 12 They will steal your wealth and loot your merchandise. They will tear down your walls and destroy your luxurious homes. Your stones, your trees, and your soil he will throw into the water. 13 I will silence the noise of your songs; the sound of your harps will be heard no more. 14 I will make you a bare rock; you will be a place where fishing nets are spread. You will never be built again, for I, the LORD, have spoken, declares the Sovereign LORD. 15 “This is what the Sovereign LORD says to Tyre: Oh, how the coastlands will shake at the sound of your fall, when the wounded groan, at the massive slaughter in your midst! 16 All the princes of the sea will vacate their thrones. They will remove their robes and strip off their embroidered clothes; they will clothe themselves with trembling. They will sit on the ground; they will tremble continually and be shocked at what has happened to you. 17 They will sing this lament over you:“‘How you have perished– you have vanished from the seas, O renowned city, once mighty in the sea, she and her inhabitants, who spread their terror! 18 Now the coastlands will tremble on the day of your fall; the coastlands by the sea will be terrified by your passing.’ 19 “For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: When I make you desolate like the uninhabited cities, when I bring up the deep over you and the surging waters overwhelm you, 20 then I will bring you down to bygone people, to be with those who descend to the Pit. I will make you live in the lower parts of the earth, among the primeval ruins, with those who descend to the Pit, so that you will not be inhabited or stand in the land of the living. 21 I will bring terrors on you, and you will be no more! Though you are sought after, you will never be found again, declares the Sovereign LORD.” 1 A Lament for Tyre The LORD’s message came to me: 2 “You, son of man, sing a lament for Tyre. 3 Say to Tyre, who sits at the entrance of the sea, merchant to the peoples on many coasts,‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘O Tyre, you have said,“I am perfectly beautiful.” 4 Your borders are in the heart of the seas; your builders have perfected your beauty. 5 They crafted all your planks out of fir trees from Senir; they took a cedar from Lebanon to make your mast. 6 They made your oars from oaks of Bashan; they made your deck with cypress wood from the coasts of Cyprus. 7 Fine linen from Egypt, woven with patterns, was used for your sail to serve as your banner; blue and purple from the coastlands of Elishah was used for your deck’s awning. 8 The leaders of Sidon and Arvad were your rowers; your skilled men, O Tyre, were your captains. 9 The elders of Gebal and her skilled men were within you, mending cracks; all the ships of the sea and their mariners were within you to trade for your merchandise. 10 Men of Persia, Lud, and Put were in your army, men of war. They hung shield and helmet on you; they gave you your splendor. 11 The Arvadites joined your army on your walls all around, and the Gammadites were in your towers. They hung their quivers on your walls all around; they perfected your beauty. 12 “‘Tarshish was your trade partner because of your abundant wealth; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your products. 13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your clients; they exchanged slaves and bronze items for your merchandise. 14 Beth Togarmah exchanged horses, chargers, and mules for your products. 15 The Dedanites were your clients. Many coastlands were your customers; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony. 16 Edom was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods; they exchanged turquoise, purple, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your products. 17 Judah and the land of Israel were your clients; they traded wheat from Minnith, millet, honey, olive oil, and balm for your merchandise. 18 Damascus was your trade partner because of the abundance of your goods and of all your wealth: wine from Helbon, white wool from Zahar, 19 and casks of wine from Izal they exchanged for your products. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise. 20 Dedan was your client in saddlecloths for riding. 21 Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were your trade partners; for lambs, rams, and goats they traded with you. 22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah engaged in trade with you; they traded the best kinds of spices along with precious stones and gold for your products. 23 Haran, Kanneh, Eden, merchants from Sheba, Asshur, and Kilmad were your clients. 24 They traded with you choice garments, purple clothes and embroidered work, and multicolored carpets, bound and reinforced with cords; these were among your merchandise. 25 The ships of Tarshish were the transports for your merchandise.“‘So you were filled and weighed down in the heart of the seas. 26 Your rowers have brought you into surging waters. The east wind has wrecked you in the heart of the seas. 27 Your wealth, products, and merchandise, your sailors and captains, your ship’s carpenters, your merchants, and all your fighting men within you, along with all your crew who are in you, will fall into the heart of the seas on the day of your downfall. 28 At the sound of your captains’ cry the waves will surge; 29 They will descend from their ships– all who handle the oar, the sailors and all the sea captains– they will stand on the land. 30 They will lament loudly over you and cry bitterly. They will throw dust on their heads and roll in the ashes; 31 they will tear out their hair because of you and put on sackcloth, and they will weep bitterly over you with intense mourning. 32 As they wail they will lament over you, chanting:“Who was like Tyre, like a tower in the midst of the sea?” 33 When your products went out from the seas, you satisfied many peoples; with the abundance of your wealth and merchandise you enriched the kings of the earth. 34 Now you are wrecked by the seas, in the depths of the waters; your merchandise and all your company have sunk along with you. 35 All the inhabitants of the coastlands are shocked at you, and their kings are horribly afraid– their faces are troubled. 36 The traders among the peoples hiss at you; you have become a horror, and will be no more.’” 1 A Prophecy Against the King of Tyre The LORD’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, say to the prince of Tyre,‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘Your heart is proud and you said,“I am a god; I sit in the seat of gods, in the heart of the seas”– yet you are a man and not a god, though you think you are godlike. 3 Look, you are wiser than Daniel; no secret is hidden from you. 4 By your wisdom and understanding you have gained wealth for yourself; you have amassed gold and silver in your treasuries. 5 By your great skill in trade you have increased your wealth, and your heart is proud because of your wealth. 6 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Because you think you are godlike, 7 I am about to bring foreigners against you, the most terrifying of nations. They will draw their swords against the grandeur made by your wisdom, and they will defile your splendor. 8 They will bring you down to the Pit, and you will die violently in the heart of the seas. 9 Will you still say,“I am a god,” before the one who kills you– though you are a man and not a god– when you are in the power of those who wound you? 10 You will die the death of the uncircumcised by the hand of foreigners; for I have spoken, declares the Sovereign LORD.’” 11 The LORD’s message came to me: 12 “Son of man, sing a lament for the king of Tyre, and say to him,‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘You were the sealer of perfection, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty. 13 You were in Eden, the garden of God. Every precious stone was your covering, the ruby, topaz, and emerald, the chrysolite, onyx, and jasper, the sapphire, turquoise, and beryl; your settings and mounts were made of gold. On the day you were created they were prepared. 14 I placed you there with an anointed guardian cherub; you were on the holy mountain of God; you walked about amidst fiery stones. 15 You were blameless in your behavior from the day you were created, until sin was discovered in you. 16 In the abundance of your trade you were filled with violence, and you sinned; so I defiled you and banished you from the mountain of God– the guardian cherub expelled you from the midst of the stones of fire. 17 Your heart was proud because of your beauty; you corrupted your wisdom on account of your splendor. I threw you down to the ground; I placed you before kings, that they might see you. 18 By the multitude of your iniquities, through the sinfulness of your trade, you desecrated your sanctuaries. So I drew fire out from within you; it consumed you, and I turned you to ashes on the earth before the eyes of all who saw you. 19 All who know you among the peoples are shocked at you; you have become terrified and will be no more.’” 20 A Prophecy Against Sidon The LORD’s message came to me: 21 “Son of man, turn toward Sidon and prophesy against it. 22 Say,‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘Look, I am against you, Sidon, and I will magnify myself in your midst. Then they will know that I am the LORD when I execute judgments on her and reveal my sovereign power in her. 23 I will send a plague into the city and bloodshed into its streets; the slain will fall within it, by the sword that attacks it from every side. Then they will know that I am the LORD. 24 “‘No longer will Israel suffer from the sharp briers or painful thorns of all who surround and scorn them. Then they will know that I am the Sovereign LORD. 25 “‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says: When I regather the house of Israel from the peoples where they are dispersed, I will reveal my sovereign power over them in the sight of the nations, and they will live in their land that I gave to my servant Jacob. 26 They will live securely in it; they will build houses and plant vineyards. They will live securely when I execute my judgments on all those who scorn them and surround them. Then they will know that I am the LORD their God.’”
• Joel 3:4-8 : 4 Why are you doing these things to me, Tyre and Sidon? Are you trying to get even with me, land of Philistia? If you are, I will very quickly repay you for what you have done! 5 For you took my silver and my gold and brought my precious valuables to your own palaces. 6 You sold Judeans and Jerusalemites to the Greeks, removing them far from their own country. 7 Look! I am rousing them from that place to which you sold them. I will repay you for what you have done! 8 I will sell your sons and daughters to the people of Judah. They will sell them to the Sabeans, a nation far away. Indeed, the LORD has spoken!
• Rom 11:8-9 : 8 as it is written,“God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that would not see and ears that would not hear, to this very day.” 9 And David says,“Let their table become a snare and trap, a stumbling block and a retribution for them; 10 let their eyes be darkened so that they may not see, and make their backs bend continually.” 11 I ask then, they did not stumble into an irrevocable fall, did they? Absolutely not! But by their transgression salvation has come to the Gentiles, to make Israel jealous.
• 1 Tim 4:2 : 2 influenced by the hypocrisy of liars whose consciences are seared.
• Rev 11:3 : 3 And I will grant my two witnesses authority to prophesy for 1,260 days, dressed in sackcloth.”
• Job 42:6 : 6 Therefore I despise myself, and I repent in dust and ashes!
• Matt 11:20-23 : 20 Woes on Unrepentant Cities Then Jesus began to criticize openly the cities in which he had done many of his miracles, because they did not repent. 21 “Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! If the miracles done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes. 22 But I tell you, it will be more bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you! 23 And you, Capernaum, will you be exalted to heaven? No, you will be thrown down to Hades! For if the miracles done among you had been done in Sodom, it would have continued to this day.
• Mark 8:22-26 : 22 A Two-stage Healing Then they came to Bethsaida. They brought a blind man to Jesus and asked him to touch him. 23 He took the blind man by the hand and brought him outside of the village. Then he spit on his eyes, placed his hands on his eyes and asked,“Do you see anything?” 24 Regaining his sight he said,“I see people, but they look like trees walking.” 25 Then Jesus placed his hands on the man’s eyes again. And he opened his eyes, his sight was restored, and he saw everything clearly. 26 Jesus sent him home, saying,“Do not even go into the village.”
• Luke 9:10-17 : 10 The Feeding of the Five Thousand When the apostles returned, they told Jesus everything they had done. Then he took them with him and they withdrew privately to a town called Bethsaida. 11 But when the crowds found out, they followed him. He welcomed them, spoke to them about the kingdom of God, and cured those who needed healing. 12 Now the day began to draw to a close, so the twelve came and said to Jesus,“Send the crowd away, so they can go into the surrounding villages and countryside and find lodging and food, because we are in an isolated place.” 13 But he said to them,“You give them something to eat.” They replied,“We have no more than five loaves and two fish– unless we go and buy food for all these people.” 14 (Now about five thousand men were there.) Then he said to his disciples,“Have them sit down in groups of about fifty each.” 15 So they did as Jesus directed, and the people all sat down. 16 Then he took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven he gave thanks and broke them. He gave them to the disciples to set before the crowd. 17 They all ate and were satisfied, and what was left over was picked up– twelve baskets of broken pieces.
• John 3:5-6 : 5 Jesus answered,“I tell you the solemn truth, unless a person is born of water and spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. 6 What is born of the flesh is flesh, and what is born of the Spirit is spirit.
• Acts 28:25-28 : 25 So they began to leave, unable to agree among themselves, after Paul made one last statement:“The Holy Spirit spoke rightly to your ancestors through the prophet Isaiah 26 when he said,‘Go to this people and say,“You will keep on hearing, but will never understand, and you will keep on looking, but will never perceive. 27 For the heart of this people has become dull, and their ears are hard of hearing, and they have closed their eyes, so that they would not see with their eyes and hear with their ears and understand with their heart and turn, and I would heal them.”’ 28 “Therefore be advised that this salvation from God has been sent to the Gentiles; they will listen!”
• Rom 9:29-33 : 29 Just as Isaiah predicted,“If the Lord of Heaven’s Armies had not left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, and we would have resembled Gomorrah.” 30 Israel’s Rejection Culpable What shall we say then?– that the Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness obtained it, that is, a righteousness that is by faith, 31 but Israel even though pursuing a law of righteousness did not attain it. 32 Why not? Because they pursued it not by faith but(as if it were possible) by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone, 33 just as it is written,“Look, I am laying in Zion a stone that will cause people to stumble and a rock that will make them fall, yet the one who believes in him will not be put to shame.”
• Dan 9:3 : 3 So I turned my attention to the Lord God to implore him by prayer and requests, with fasting, sackcloth, and ashes.
• Isa 61:3 : 3 to strengthen those who mourn in Zion, by giving them a turban, instead of ashes, oil symbolizing joy, instead of mourning, a garment symbolizing praise, instead of discouragement. They will be called oaks of righteousness, trees planted by the LORD to reveal his splendor.
• Ezek 3:6-7 : 6 not to many peoples of unintelligible speech and difficult language, whose words you cannot understand– surely if I had sent you to them, they would listen to you! 7 But the house of Israel is unwilling to listen to you, because they are not willing to listen to me, for the whole house of Israel is hard-headed and hard-hearted.