Hebrews 12:1

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

Therefore, we also having so great a cloud of witnesses set around us, every weight having put off, and the closely besetting sin, through endurance may we run the contest that is set before us,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

¶Τοιγαροῦν καὶ ἡμεῖς τοσοῦτον ἔχοντες περικείμενον ἡμῖν νέφος μαρτύρων, ὄγκον ἀποθέμενοι πάντα καὶ τὴν εὐπερίστατον ἁμαρτίαν, διʼ ὑπομονῆς τρέχωμεν τὸν προκείμενον ἡμῖν ἀγῶνα,

Transliteration

Toigaroun and hēmeis tosouton echontes perikeimenon hēmin nephos martyrōn, ogkon apothemenoi all and the euperistaton hamartian, through hypomonēs let us trechōmen the prokeimenon hēmin agōna,

Grammar Details

• *Toigaroun*: conjunction - therefore/consequently/for that reason
• *hēmeis*: personal pronoun, nominative, plural - we
• *tosouton*: demonstrative pronoun, accusative, singular, neuter - so great/such a great
• *echontes*: participle, present active, nominative, plural, masculine - having
• *perikeimenon*: participle, perfect middle/passive, accusative, singular, neuter - surrounding/encompassing
• *hēmin*: personal pronoun, dative, plural - us/to us
• *nephos*: noun, accusative, singular, neuter - cloud
• *martyrōn*: noun, genitive, plural, masculine - of witnesses
• *ogkon*: noun, accusative, singular, masculine - weight/burden/encumbrance
• *apothemenoi*: participle, aorist middle, nominative, plural, masculine - having laid aside/putting away
• *euperistaton*: adjective, accusative, singular, feminine - easily entangling/besetting
• *hamartian*: noun, accusative, singular, feminine - sin
• *hypomonēs*: noun, genitive, singular, feminine - endurance/perseverance/patience
• *trechōmen*: verb, present active subjunctive, 1st person plural - let us run
• *prokeimenon*: participle, present middle/passive, accusative, singular, masculine - set before/lying before
• *agōna*: noun, accusative, singular, masculine - race/contest/conflict

Word Meanings

• *Toigaroun*: therefore/consequently/for that very reason
• *nephos*: cloud/multitude/great number
• *ogkon*: weight/burden/encumbrance/bulk/pride
• *euperistaton*: easily entangling/besetting/distracting/hindering/surrounding
• *hypomonēs*: endurance/perseverance/patience/steadfastness
• *agōna*: race/contest/conflict/struggle

Referenced Verses

• 1 Cor 9:24-27 : 24 have ye not known that those running in a race -- all indeed run, but one doth receive the prize? so run ye, that ye may obtain; 25 and every one who is striving, is in all things temperate; these, indeed, then, that a corruptible crown they may receive, but we an incorruptible; 26 I, therefore, thus run, not as uncertainly, thus I fight, as not beating air; 27 but I chastise my body, and bring `it' into servitude, lest by any means, having preached to others -- I myself may become disapproved.
• 2 Tim 4:7 : 7 the good strife I have striven, the course I have finished, the faith I have kept,
• Luke 21:34 : 34 `And take heed to yourselves, lest your hearts may be weighed down with surfeiting, and drunkenness, and anxieties of life, and suddenly that day may come on you,
• Phil 2:16 : 16 the word of life holding forth, for rejoicing to me in regard to a day of Christ, that not in vain did I run, nor in vain did I labour;
• Phil 3:10-14 : 10 to know him, and the power of his rising again, and the fellowship of his sufferings, being conformed to his death, 11 if anyhow I may attain to the rising again of the dead. 12 Not that I did already obtain, or have been already perfected; but I pursue, if also I may lay hold of that for which also I was laid hold of by the Christ Jesus; 13 brethren, I do not reckon myself to have laid hold; and one thing -- the things behind indeed forgetting, and to the things before stretching forth -- 14 to the mark I pursue for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.
• Heb 10:35-39 : 35 Ye may not cast away, then, your boldness, which hath great recompense of reward, 36 for of patience ye have need, that the will of God having done, ye may receive the promise, 37 for yet a very very little, He who is coming will come, and will not tarry; 38 and `the righteous by faith shall live,' and `if he may draw back, My soul hath no pleasure in him,' 39 and we are not of those drawing back to destruction, but of those believing to a preserving of soul.
• Col 3:5-8 : 5 Put to death, then, your members that `are' upon the earth -- whoredom, uncleanness, passion, evil desire, and the covetousness, which is idolatry -- 6 because of which things cometh the anger of God upon the sons of the disobedience, 7 in which also ye -- ye did walk once, when ye lived in them; 8 but now put off, even ye, the whole -- anger, wrath, malice, evil-speaking, filthy talking -- out of your mouth.
• Eph 4:22-24 : 22 ye are to put off concerning the former behaviour the old man, that is corrupt according to the desires of the deceit, 23 and to be renewed in the spirit of your mind, 24 and to put on the new man, which, according to God, was created in righteousness and kindness of the truth.
• Gal 5:7 : 7 Ye were running well; who did hinder you -- not to obey the truth?
• Jas 5:7-9 : 7 Be patient, then, brethren, till the presence of the Lord; lo, the husbandman doth expect the precious fruit of the earth, being patient for it, till he may receive rain -- early and latter; 8 be patient, ye also; establish your hearts, because the presence of the Lord hath drawn nigh; 9 murmur not against one another, brethren, that ye may not be condemned; lo, the Judge before the door hath stood. 10 An example take ye of the suffering of evil, my brethren, and of the patience, the prophets who did speak in the name of the Lord; 11 lo, we call happy those who are enduring; the endurance of Job ye heard of, and the end of the Lord ye have seen, that very compassionate is the Lord, and pitying.
• 2 Cor 7:1 : 1 Having, then, these promises, beloved, may we cleanse ourselves from every pollution of flesh and spirit, perfecting sanctification in the fear of God;
• Rom 12:12 : 12 in the hope rejoicing; in the tribulation enduring; in the prayer persevering;
• Rom 13:11-14 : 11 And this, knowing the time, that for us, the hour already `is' to be aroused out of sleep, for now nearer `is' our salvation than when we did believe; 12 the night did advance, and the day came nigh; let us lay aside, therefore, the works of the darkness, and let us put on the armour of the light; 13 as in day-time, let us walk becomingly; not in revellings and drunkennesses, not in chamberings and lasciviousnesses, not in strife and emulation; 14 but put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and for the flesh take no forethought -- for desires.
• Luke 14:26-33 : 26 `If any one doth come unto me, and doth not hate his own father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brothers, and sisters, and yet even his own life, he is not able to be my disciple; 27 and whoever doth not bear his cross, and come after me, is not able to be my disciple. 28 `For who of you, willing to build a tower, doth not first, having sat down, count the expense, whether he have the things for completing? 29 lest that he having laid a foundation, and not being able to finish, all who are beholding may begin to mock him, 30 saying -- This man began to build, and was not able to finish. 31 `Or what king going on to engage with another king in war, doth not, having sat down, first consult if he be able with ten thousand to meet him who with twenty thousand is coming against him? 32 and if not so -- he being yet a long way off -- having sent an embassy, he doth ask the things for peace. 33 `So, then, every one of you who doth not take leave of all that he himself hath, is not able to be my disciple.
• Matt 10:37-38 : 37 `He who is loving father or mother above me, is not worthy of me, and he who is loving son or daughter above me, is not worthy of me, 38 and whoever doth not receive his cross and follow after me, is not worthy of me.
• Luke 8:14-15 : 14 `And that which fell to the thorns: These are they who have heard, and going forth, through anxieties, and riches, and pleasures of life, are choked, and bear not to completion. 15 `And that in the good ground: These are they, who in an upright and good heart, having heard the word, do retain `it', and bear fruit in continuance.
• 1 Pet 4:2 : 2 no more in the desires of men, but in the will of God, to live the rest of the time in the flesh;
• 2 Tim 2:4 : 4 no one serving as a soldier did entangle himself with the affairs of life, that him who did enlist him he may please;
• 1 John 2:15-16 : 15 Love not ye the world, nor the things in the world; if any one doth love the world, the love of the Father is not in him, 16 because all that `is' in the world -- the desire of the flesh, and the desire of the eyes, and the ostentation of the life -- is not of the Father, but of the world,
• Rev 3:10 : 10 `Because thou didst keep the word of my endurance, I also will keep thee from the hour of the trial that is about to come upon all the world, to try those dwelling upon the earth.
• Rev 13:10 : 10 if any one a captivity doth gather, into captivity he doth go away; if any one by sword doth kill, it behoveth him by sword to be killed; here is the endurance and the faith of the saints.
• Rev 22:16 : 16 `I, Jesus did send my messenger to testify to you these things concerning the assemblies; I am the root and the offspring of David, the bright and morning star!
• Rev 1:9 : 9 I, John, who also `am' your brother, and fellow-partner in the tribulation, and in the reign and endurance, of Jesus Christ, was in the isle that is called Patmos, because of the word of God, and because of the testimony of Jesus Christ;
• 2 Pet 1:6 : 6 and in the knowledge the temperance, and in the temperance the endurance, and in the endurance the piety,
• Matt 24:13 : 13 but he who did endure to the end, he shall be saved;
• Luke 16:28 : 28 for I have five brothers, so that he may thoroughly testify to them, that they also may not come to this place of torment.
• Luke 18:22-25 : 22 and having heard these things, Jesus said to him, `Yet one thing to thee is lacking; all things -- as many as thou hast -- sell, and distribute to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven, and come, be following me;' 23 and he, having heard these things, became very sorrowful, for he was exceeding rich. 24 And Jesus having seen him become very sorrowful, said, `How hardly shall those having riches enter into the reign of God! 25 for it is easier for a camel through the eye of a needle to enter, than for a rich man into the reign of God to enter.'
• John 4:44 : 44 for Jesus himself testified that a prophet in his own country shall not have honour;
• Rom 8:24-25 : 24 for in hope we were saved, and hope beheld is not hope; for what any one doth behold, why also doth he hope for `it'? 25 and if what we do not behold we hope for, through continuance we expect `it'.
• 1 Tim 6:9-9 : 9 and those wishing to be rich, do fall into temptation and a snare, and many desires, foolish and hurtful, that sink men into ruin and destruction, 10 for a root of all the evils is the love of money, which certain longing for did go astray from the faith, and themselves did pierce through with many sorrows;
• 1 Pet 2:1 : 1 Having put aside, then, all evil, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envyings, and all evil speakings,
• Heb 6:15 : 15 and so, having patiently endured, he did obtain the promise;
• Heb 11:2-9 : 2 for in this were the elders testified of; 3 by faith we understand the ages to have been prepared by a saying of God, in regard to the things seen not having come out of things appearing; 4 by faith a better sacrifice did Abel offer to God than Cain, through which he was testified to be righteous, God testifying of his gifts, and through it, he being dead, doth yet speak. 5 By faith Enoch was translated -- not to see death, and was not found, because God did translate him; for before his translation he had been testified to -- that he had pleased God well, 6 and apart from faith it is impossible to please well, for it behoveth him who is coming to God to believe that He is, and to those seeking Him He becometh a rewarder. 7 By faith Noah, having been divinely warned concerning the things not yet seen, having feared, did prepare an ark to the salvation of his house, through which he did condemn the world, and of the righteousness according to faith he became heir. 8 By faith Abraham, being called, did obey, to go forth to the place that he was about to receive for an inheritance, and he went forth, not knowing whither he doth go; 9 by faith he did sojourn in the land of the promise as a strange country, in tabernacles having dwelt with Isaac and Jacob, fellow-heirs of the same promise, 10 for he was looking for the city having the foundations, whose artificer and constructor `is' God. 11 By faith also Sarah herself did receive power to conceive seed, and she bare after the time of life, seeing she did judge Him faithful who did promise; 12 wherefore, also from one were begotten -- and that of one who had become dead -- as the stars of the heaven in multitude, and as sand that `is' by the sea-shore -- the innumerable. 13 In faith died all these, not having received the promises, but from afar having seen them, and having been persuaded, and having saluted `them', and having confessed that strangers and sojourners they are upon the earth, 14 for those saying such things make manifest that they seek a country; 15 and if, indeed, they had been mindful of that from which they came forth, they might have had an opportunity to return, 16 but now they long for a better, that is, an heavenly, wherefore God is not ashamed of them, to be called their God, for He did prepare for them a city. 17 By faith Abraham hath offered up Isaac, being tried, and the only begotten he did offer up who did receive the promises, 18 of whom it was said -- `In Isaac shall a seed be called to thee;' 19 reckoning that even out of the dead God is able to raise up, whence also in a figure he did receive `him'. 20 By faith, concerning coming things, Isaac did bless Jacob and Esau; 21 by faith Jacob dying -- each of the sons of Joseph did bless, and did bow down upon the top of his staff; 22 by faith, Joseph dying, concerning the outgoing of the sons of Israel did make mention, and concerning his bones did give command. 23 By faith Moses, having been born, was hid three months by his parents, because they saw the child comely, and were not afraid of the decree of the king; 24 by faith Moses, having become great, did refuse to be called a son of the daughter of Pharaoh, 25 having chosen rather to be afflicted with the people of God, than to have sin's pleasure for a season, 26 greater wealth having reckoned the reproach of the Christ than the treasures in Egypt, for he did look to the recompense of reward; 27 by faith he left Egypt behind, not having been afraid of the wrath of the king, for, as seeing the Invisible One -- he endured; 28 by faith he kept the passover, and the sprinkling of the blood, that He who is destroying the first-born might not touch them. 29 By faith they did pass through the Red Sea as through dry land, which the Egyptians having received a trial of, were swallowed up; 30 by faith the walls of Jericho did fall, having been surrounded for seven days; 31 by faith Rahab the harlot did not perish with those who disbelieved, having received the spies with peace. 32 And what shall I yet say? for the time will fail me recounting about Gideon, Barak also, and Samson, and Jephthah, David also, and Samuel, and the prophets, 33 who through faith did subdue kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained promises, stopped mouths of lions, 34 quenched the power of fire, escaped the mouth of the sword, were made powerful out of infirmities, became strong in battle, caused to give way camps of the aliens. 35 Women received by a rising again their dead, and others were tortured, not accepting the redemption, that a better rising again they might receive, 36 and others of mockings and scourgings did receive trial, and yet of bonds and imprisonment; 37 they were stoned, they were sawn asunder, they were tried; in the killing of the sword they died; they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins -- being destitute, afflicted, injuriously treated, 38 of whom the world was not worthy; in deserts wandering, and `in' mountains, and `in' caves, and `in' the holes of the earth;
• Luke 12:15 : 15 And he said unto them, `Observe, and beware of the covetousness, because not in the abundance of one's goods is his life.'
• Rom 2:7 : 7 to those, indeed, who in continuance of a good work, do seek glory, and honour, and incorruptibility -- life age-during;
• Rom 5:3-5 : 3 And not only `so', but we also boast in the tribulations, knowing that the tribulation doth work endurance; 4 and the endurance, experience; and the experience, hope; 5 and the hope doth not make ashamed, because the love of God hath been poured forth in our hearts through the Holy Spirit that hath been given to us.
• John 3:32 : 32 `And what he hath seen and heard this he doth testify, and his testimony none receiveth;
• Ps 18:23 : 23 And I am perfect with him, And I keep myself from mine iniquity.
• 1 Pet 5:12 : 12 Through Silvanus, to you the faithful brother, as I reckon, through few `words' I did write, exhorting and testifying this to be the true grace of God in which ye have stood.
• Isa 60:8 : 8 Who `are' these -- as a thick cloud they fly, And as doves unto their windows?
• Ezek 38:9 : 9 And thou hast gone up -- as wasting thou comest in, As a cloud to cover the land art thou, Thou and all thy bands, and many peoples with thee.
• Ezek 38:16 : 16 And thou hast come up against My people Israel, As a cloud to cover the land, In the latter end of the days it is, And I have brought thee in against My land, In order that the nations may know Me, In My being sanctified in thee before their eyes, O Gog.
• Matt 10:22 : 22 and ye shall be hated by all because of my name, but he who hath endured to the end, he shall be saved.
• Luke 9:59-62 : 59 And he said unto another, `Be following me;' and he said, `Sir, permit me, having gone away, first to bury my father;' 60 and Jesus said to him, `Suffer the dead to bury their own dead, and thou, having gone away, publish the reign of God.' 61 And another also said, `I will follow thee, sir, but first permit me to take leave of those in my house;' 62 and Jesus said unto him, `No one having put his hand on a plough, and looking back, is fit for the reign of God.'
• John 4:39 : 39 And from that city many believed in him, of the Samaritans, because of the word of the woman testifying, -- `He told me all things -- as many as I did.'
• Jas 1:3 : 3 knowing that the proof of your faith doth work endurance,