Verse 7

{ "verseID": "2 Kings.17.7", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־חָטְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם הַמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֹתָם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִתַּ֕חַת יַ֖ד פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "*wə*-*yəhî* *kî*-*ḥāṭəʾū* *bənê*-*yisrāʾēl* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*, the-one-*maʿăleh* *ʾōtām* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* from-under *yad* *parʿōh* *melek*-*miṣrayim*, *wə*-*yîrəʾū* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/that", "*ḥāṭəʾū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sinned", "*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of", "*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - against/to YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*ha-maʿăleh*": "definite hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing up", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition with noun - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mi-taḥat*": "compound preposition - from under", "*yad*": "construct state, feminine singular - hand of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*melek-miṣrayim*": "construct state with proper noun - king of Egypt", "*wə-yîrəʾū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they feared", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭəʾū*": "sinned/offended/transgressed", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/brought up/who brought up", "*mi-taḥat yad*": "from under the hand of/from the authority of", "*yîrəʾū*": "feared/revered/worshiped", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign gods" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Dette skjedde fordi Israels barn syndet mot Herren, sin Gud, som hadde ført dem ut av Egypt, fra farao, kongen av Egypt, og de begynte å tilbe andre guder.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  For Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren sin Gud, som hadde ført dem opp fra landet Egypt, bort fra faraos, kongens av Egypt, hånd, og de fryktet andre guder.

• Norsk King James

  For slik var det at Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren, sin Gud, som hadde ført dem ut av Egypt; de fryktet andre guder.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Dette skjedde fordi Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren, deres Gud, som hadde ført dem opp fra landet Egypt og ut av faraos makt, kongen av Egypt, og de fryktet andre guder.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Dette skjedde fordi Israels barn syndet mot Herren sin Gud, han som førte dem ut av Egyptens land, fra Faraos hånd, kongen av Egypt, og tilbad andre guder.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  For det var slik at Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren deres Gud, som hadde ført dem opp fra landet Egypt, fra under faraos, kongen av Egypt, hånd, og de fryktet andre guder.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  For slik var det: Israels barn hadde syndet imot HERREN, deres Gud, som hadde ført dem ut av Egypt, fra under Faraos hånd, og de fryktet andre guder.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  For det var slik at Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren deres Gud, som hadde ført dem opp fra landet Egypt, fra under faraos, kongen av Egypt, hånd, og de fryktet andre guder.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Dette skjedde fordi Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren, sin Gud, som hadde ført dem opp fra Egyptens land, fra faraos, Egypts konges hånd. De hadde fryktet og tilbedt andre guder.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  This happened because the Israelites sinned against the Lord their God, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. They worshiped other gods.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Dette skjedde fordi Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren deres Gud, som hadde ført dem opp fra landet Egypt, fra Faraos hånd, kongen av Egypt, og hadde fryktet andre guder.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og det skede, fordi Israels Børn havde syndet mod Herren deres Gud, som førte dem op af Ægypti Land fra at være under Pharaos, Kongen af Ægyptens, Magt, og fordi de havde frygtet andre Guder.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Dette skjedde fordi Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren, sin Gud, som hadde ført dem opp fra landet Egypt under farao, Egypts konge, og de hadde fryktet andre guder.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  For so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, who had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For so it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Dette skjedde fordi Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren deres Gud, som hadde ført dem opp fra landet Egypt under Faraos, kongen av Egypt, hånd, og de fryktet andre guder.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Dette skjedde fordi israelittene hadde syndet mot Herren, deres Gud, som hadde ført dem ut av Egyptens land, fra under faraos, Egypts konges, hånd, og de fryktet andre guder.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Dette skjedde fordi Israels barn hadde syndet mot Herren sin Gud, som førte dem opp fra Egyptens land, ut av hånden til farao, kongen av Egypt, og de fryktet andre guder.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Herrens vrede kom over Israel fordi de hadde gjort det som var ondt mot Herren deres Gud, som hadde ført dem ut av Egypt fra faraos, kongen av Egypts, åk, og de hadde blitt tilbedere av andre guder.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  For whan the childre of Israel synned agaynst ye LORDE their God (yt broughte the out of ye londe of Egipte, from the hade of Pharao kynge of Egipte) and serued other goddes:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For when the children of Israel sinned against the Lorde their God, which had brought them out of the land of Egypt, fro vnder ye hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, & feared other gods,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For it came to passe, that the children of Israel sinned against the Lord their God which had brought them out of the land of Egypt, from vnder the hand of Pharao king of Egypt, and feared other gods.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ For [so] it was, that the children of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, which had brought them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  It was so, because the children of Israel had sinned against Yahweh their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And it cometh to pass, because the sons of Israel have sinned against Jehovah their God -- who bringeth them up out of the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt -- and fear other gods,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it was so, because the children of Israel had sinned against Jehovah their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the wrath of the Lord came on Israel because they had done evil against the Lord their God, who took them out of the land of Egypt from under the yoke of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and had become worshippers of other gods,

• World English Bible (2000)

  It was so, because the children of Israel had sinned against Yahweh their God, who brought them up out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and had feared other gods,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  A Summary of Israel’s Sinful History This happened because the Israelites sinned against the LORD their God, who brought them up from the land of Egypt and freed them from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. They worshiped other gods;

Referenced Verses

• Josh 23:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Joshua.23.16", "source": "בְּ֠עָבְרְכֶם אֶת־בְּרִ֨ית יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה אֶתְכֶם֒ וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֗ם וַעֲבַדְתֶּם֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִיתֶ֖ם לָהֶ֑ם וְחָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וַאֲבַדְתֶּ֣ם מְהֵרָ֔ה מֵעַל֙ הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר נָתַ֥ן לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "In *ʿāḇrəkem* *ʾet* *bərît* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* which *ṣiwwâ* you and *waăhălaktem* and *waʿăḇadtem* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and *wəhištaḥăwîtem* to them and *wəḥārâ* *ʾap̄* *YHWH* in you and *waʾăḇadtem* *məhērâ* from over the *ʾāreṣ* the *ṭôḇâ* which *nātan* to you.", "grammar": { "*ʿāḇrəkem*": "qal infinitive construct + 2mp suffix - your transgressing", "*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2mp suffix - your God", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*waăhălaktem*": "waw + qal perfect 2mp - and you go", "*waʿăḇadtem*": "waw + qal perfect 2mp - and you serve", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other", "*wəhištaḥăwîtem*": "waw + hishtaphel perfect 2mp - and you bow down", "*wəḥārâ*": "waw + qal perfect 3ms - and will burn", "*ʾap̄*": "masculine singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*waʾăḇadtem*": "waw + qal perfect 2mp - and you will perish", "*məhērâ*": "adverb - quickly", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land", "*ṭôḇâ*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the good", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3ms - he gave" }, "variants": { "*ʿāḇrəkem*": "your transgressing/violating/crossing over", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*ṣiwwâ*": "commanded/ordered/instructed", "*waăhălaktem*": "and you go/walk/follow", "*waʿăḇadtem*": "and you serve/worship/work for", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*wəhištaḥăwîtem*": "and you bow down/prostrate yourselves/worship", "*wəḥārâ ʾap̄-YHWH*": "and the anger of YHWH will burn/YHWH's wrath will be kindled", "*waʾăḇadtem məhērâ*": "and you will perish quickly/be destroyed rapidly", "*ʾāreṣ ṭôḇâ*": "good land/pleasant country" } }
• Exod 20:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.2", "source": "אָֽנֹכִ֖י֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣֥ית עֲבָדִ֑͏ֽים׃", "text": "*ʾānōḵî YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā ʾăsher hôṣēʾṯîḵā mē-ʾereṣ miṣrayim mib-bêṯ ʿăḇāḏîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/YHWH", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*hôṣēʾṯîḵā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I brought you out", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mib-bêṯ*": "preposition + noun construct - from house of", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "masculine plural noun - slaves/servants" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōḵî*": "I (emphatic form)", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD/the Eternal", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "your God/your deity", "*hôṣēʾṯîḵā*": "I brought you out/rescued you/delivered you", "*bêṯ ʿăḇāḏîm*": "house of slaves/place of servitude/bondage" } }
• Neh 9:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.26", "source": "וַיַּמְר֨וּ וַֽיִּמְרְד֜וּ בָּ֗ךְ וַיַּשְׁלִ֤כוּ אֶת־תּוֹרָֽתְךָ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י גַוָּ֔ם וְאֶת־נְבִיאֶ֣יךָ הָרָ֔גוּ אֲשֶׁר־הֵעִ֥ידוּ בָ֖ם לַהֲשִׁיבָ֣ם אֵלֶ֑יךָ וֽ͏ַיַּעֲשׂ֔וּ נֶאָצ֖וֹת גְּדוֹלֹֽת׃", "text": "*wə-yamrū* *wə-yimrəḏū* in-you, *wə-yašlīḵū* *ʾēṯ*-*tôrāṯəḵā* behind *gawām*, *wə-ʾēṯ*-*nəḇīʾêḵā* they-*hārāḡū* who-*hēʿîḏû* in-them *ləhăšîḇām* to-you, *wə-yaʿăśû* *neʾāṣôṯ* *gəḏôlōṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yamrū*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they rebelled/were disobedient", "*wə-yimrəḏū*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they rebelled/were rebellious", "*bāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you", "*wə-yašlīḵū*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - and they cast/threw", "*ʾēṯ-tôrāṯəḵā*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your law/instruction", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - behind/after", "*gawām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their back", "*wə-ʾēṯ-nəḇīʾêḵā*": "conjunction + direct object marker + masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your prophets", "*hārāḡū*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they killed", "*ʾăšer-hēʿîḏû*": "relative pronoun + Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - who testified/warned", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to return/bring them back", "*ʾēlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person plural - and they did/made", "*neʾāṣôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - contemptuous/despicable acts", "*gəḏôlōṯ*": "feminine plural adjective - great/large" }, "variants": { "*yamrū*": "rebelled/disobeyed/were contentious", "*yimrəḏū*": "rebelled/revolted/were insubordinate", "*yašlīḵū*": "cast/threw/hurled away", "*tôrāṯəḵā*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*gawām*": "back/body/middle", "*nəḇīʾêḵā*": "prophets/seers/messengers", "*hārāḡū*": "killed/slew/murdered", "*hēʿîḏû*": "testified/warned/admonished", "*ləhăšîḇām*": "to return them/to bring them back/to restore them", "*neʾāṣôṯ*": "contemptuous acts/despicable deeds/blasphemies" } }
• Ps 106:35-41 : 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.35", "source": "וַיִּתְעָרְב֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽ֝יִּלְמְד֗וּ מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyit'ārəbū* among-*gōyim* *wayyilmədū* *ma'ăśêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyit'ārəbū*": "hithpael imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they mingled", "*gōyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*wayyilmədū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they learned", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their works" }, "variants": { "*wayyit'ārəbū*": "and they mingled/mixed/intermarried", "*gōyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*wayyilmədū*": "and they learned/were taught/studied", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "their works/deeds/practices" } } 36 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.36", "source": "וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֑ם וַיִּהְי֖וּ לָהֶ֣ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wayya'abdū* *'et*-*'ăṣabbêhem* *wayyihyū* to-them to-*mōqēš*", "grammar": { "*wayya'abdū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they served", "*'ăṣabbêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their idols", "*wayyihyū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they became", "*mōqēš*": "noun, masculine, singular - snare" }, "variants": { "*wayya'abdū*": "and they served/worshiped/worked for", "*'ăṣabbêhem*": "their idols/graven images/carved figures", "*wayyihyū*": "and they became/were/existed", "*mōqēš*": "snare/trap/bait" } } 37 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.37", "source": "וַיִּזְבְּח֣וּ אֶת־בְּ֭נֵיהֶם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם לַשֵּֽׁדִים׃", "text": "*wayyizbəḥū* *'et*-*bənêhem* and-*'et*-*bənōtêhem* to-*šēdîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyizbəḥū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they sacrificed", "*bənêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their sons", "*bənōtêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, plural - their daughters", "*šēdîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - demons" }, "variants": { "*wayyizbəḥū*": "and they sacrificed/slaughtered/offered", "*bənêhem*": "their sons/male children", "*bənōtêhem*": "their daughters/female children", "*šēdîm*": "demons/evil spirits/false gods" } } 38 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.38", "source": "וַיִּֽשְׁפְּכ֨וּ דָ֪ם נָקִ֡י דַּם־בְּנֵ֘יהֶ֤ם וּֽבְנוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר זִ֭בְּחוּ לַעֲצַבֵּ֣י כְנָ֑עַן וַתֶּחֱנַ֥ף הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ בַּדָּמִֽים׃", "text": "*wayyišpəkū* *dām* *nāqî* *dam*-*bənêhem* and-*bənōtêhem* which *zibəḥū* to-*'ăṣabbê* *Kənā'an* *watteḥĕnaf* *hā'āreṣ* with-*dāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyišpəkū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they shed", "*dām*": "noun, masculine, singular - blood", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine, singular - innocent", "*dam*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - blood of", "*bənêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their sons", "*bənōtêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, plural - their daughters", "*zibəḥū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they sacrificed", "*'ăṣabbê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - idols of", "*Kənā'an*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*watteḥĕnaf*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it was polluted", "*hā'āreṣ*": "article + noun, feminine, singular - the land", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - blood" }, "variants": { "*wayyišpəkū*": "and they shed/poured out/spilled", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*nāqî*": "innocent/blameless/free from guilt", "*zibəḥū*": "they sacrificed/slaughtered/offered", "*'ăṣabbê*": "idols of/graven images of", "*watteḥĕnaf*": "and it was polluted/defiled/profaned", "*hā'āreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt" } } 39 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.39", "source": "וַיִּטְמְא֥וּ בְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם וַ֝יִּזְנ֗וּ בְּמַ֥עַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyiṭmə'ū* in-*ma'ăśêhem* *wayyiznū* in-*ma'alələlêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyiṭmə'ū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they became unclean", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their works", "*wayyiznū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they played the harlot", "*ma'alələlêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their deeds" }, "variants": { "*wayyiṭmə'ū*": "and they became unclean/were defiled/were made impure", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "their works/deeds/actions", "*wayyiznū*": "and they played the harlot/were unfaithful/prostituted themselves", "*ma'alələlêhem*": "their deeds/acts/practices" } } 40 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.40", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֣ה בְּעַמּ֑וֹ וַ֝יְתָעֵ֗ב אֶת־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyiḥar*-*'af* *YHWH* in-*'ammō* *wayətā'ēb* *'et*-*naḥălātō*", "grammar": { "*wayyiḥar*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it burned", "*'af*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ammō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, masculine, singular - his people", "*wayətā'ēb*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he abhorred", "*naḥălātō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his inheritance" }, "variants": { "*wayyiḥar*": "and it burned/kindled/was hot", "*'af*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*'ammō*": "his people/folk/nation", "*wayətā'ēb*": "and he abhorred/detested/loathed", "*naḥălātō*": "his inheritance/heritage/possession" } } 41 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.41", "source": "וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם בְּיַד־גּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽיִּמְשְׁל֥וּ בָ֝הֶ֗ם שֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyittənēm* in-hand-of-*gōyim* *wayyimšəlū* in-them *śōnə'êhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyittənēm*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person plural suffix - and he gave them", "*gōyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*wayyimšəlū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they ruled", "*śōnə'êhem*": "qal participle + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their haters" }, "variants": { "*wayyittənēm*": "and he gave them/delivered them/handed them over", "*gōyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*wayyimšəlū*": "and they ruled/had dominion/controlled", "*śōnə'êhem*": "their haters/those who hate them/their enemies" } }
• Jer 10:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.5", "source": "כְּתֹ֨מֶר מִקְשָׁ֥ה הֵ֙מָּה֙ וְלֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ נָשׂ֥וֹא יִנָּשׂ֖וּא כִּ֣י לֹ֣א יִצְעָ֑דוּ אַל־תִּֽירְא֤וּ מֵהֶם֙ כִּי־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֔עוּ וְגַם־הֵיטֵ֖יב אֵ֥ין אוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "Like-*tōmer* *miqšāh* they and-not *yədabbērû* *nāśôʾ* *yinnāśûʾ* for not *yiṣʿādû* *ʾal*-*tîrəʾû* from-them *kî*-not *yārēʿû* and-also-to-do-good not them", "grammar": { "*tōmer*": "noun, masculine singular - palm tree/pillar", "*miqšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cucumber field/garden", "*yədabbērû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they speak", "*nāśôʾ*": "infinitive absolute, qal - being carried", "*yinnāśûʾ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are carried", "*yiṣʿādû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they walk/march", "*tîrəʾû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + negative particle - do not fear", "*yārēʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they do harm/evil" }, "variants": { "*tōmer*": "palm tree/pillar/post/scarecrow", "*miqšāh*": "cucumber field/garden of cucumbers/turnip field", "*yinnāśûʾ*": "they are carried/borne/lifted", "*yiṣʿādû*": "they walk/march/step/stride", "*yārēʿû*": "they do harm/evil/mischief" } }
• Ezek 23:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.2", "source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֑ם שְׁתַּ֣יִם נָשִׁ֔ים בְּנ֥וֹת אֵם־אַחַ֖ת הָיֽוּ׃", "text": "*ben*-*ʾādām* *šətayim* *nāšîm* *bənôt* *ʾēm*-*ʾaḥat* *hāyû*", "grammar": { "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "construct singular masculine noun + singular masculine noun - son of man/human", "*šətayim*": "cardinal number feminine dual - two", "*nāšîm*": "plural feminine noun - women", "*bənôt*": "plural feminine construct noun - daughters of", "*ʾēm*-*ʾaḥat*": "singular feminine noun + adjective - one mother", "*hāyû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they were" }, "variants": { "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "son of man/human/mortal", "*nāšîm*": "women/wives" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.3", "source": "וַתִּזְנֶ֣ינָה בְמִצְרַ֔יִם בִּנְעוּרֵיהֶ֖ן זָנ֑וּ שָׁ֚מָּה מֹעֲכ֣וּ שְׁדֵיהֶ֔ן וְשָׁ֣ם עִשּׂ֔וּ דַּדֵּ֖י בְּתוּלֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And *wattiznênā* in *miṣrayim* in *binəʿûrêhen* *zānû* there *mōʿăkû* *šədêhen* and there *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *bətûlêhen*", "grammar": { "*wattiznênā*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *zānâ* - and they played the whore/committed fornication", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*binəʿûrêhen*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - in their youth", "*zānû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect of *zānâ* - they played the whore", "*mōʿăkû*": "3rd plural masculine Qal perfect - they pressed/squeezed/handled", "*šədêhen*": "plural construct noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their breasts", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/squeezed/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*bətûlêhen*": "plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their virginity/maidenhood" }, "variants": { "*zānâ*": "to commit fornication/play the harlot/be unfaithful", "*mōʿăkû*": "to press/handle/squeeze", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*bətûlêhen*": "their virginity/maidenhood/youth" } } 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.4", "source": "וּשְׁמוֹתָ֗ן אָהֳלָ֤ה הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ וְאָהֳלִיבָ֣ה אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתִּֽהְיֶ֣ינָה לִ֔י וַתֵּלַ֖דְנָה בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנ֑וֹת וּשְׁמוֹתָ֕ן שֹׁמְר֣וֹן אָהֳלָ֔ה וִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם אָהֳלִיבָֽה׃", "text": "And *šəmôtān* *ʾāhŏlâ* *haggədôlâ* and *ʾāhŏlîḇâ* *ʾăḥôtāh* and *wattihyênâ* to me and *wattēladnâ* *bānîm* and *ḇānôt* and *šəmôtān* *šōmərôn* *ʾāhŏlâ* and *yərûšālaim* *ʾāhŏlîḇâ*", "grammar": { "*šəmôtān*": "plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their names", "*ʾāhŏlâ*": "proper noun - Oholah (lit. 'her tent')", "*haggədôlâ*": "definite article + feminine adjective - the elder/greater", "*ʾāhŏlîḇâ*": "proper noun - Oholibah (lit. 'my tent is in her')", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister", "*wattihyênâ*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *hāyâ* - and they became", "*wattēladnâ*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *yālad* - and they bore", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons", "*ḇānôt*": "feminine plural noun - daughters", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*ʾāhŏlâ*": "Oholah/her tent", "*ʾāhŏlîḇâ*": "Oholibah/my tent is in her", "*haggədôlâ*": "the elder/greater/older", "*šōmərôn*": "Samaria/watch-mountain" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.5", "source": "וַתִּ֥זֶן אָהֳלָ֖ה תַּחְתָּ֑י וַתַּעְגַּב֙ עַֽל־מְאַהֲבֶ֔יהָ אֶל־אַשּׁ֖וּר קְרוֹבִֽים׃", "text": "And *wattizen* *ʾāhŏlâ* *taḥtāy* and *wattaʿgaḇ* *ʿal*-*məʾahăḇêhā* to-*ʾaššûr* *qərôḇîm*", "grammar": { "*wattizen*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *zānâ* - and she played the harlot", "*ʾāhŏlâ*": "proper noun - Oholah", "*taḥtāy*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - under me", "*wattaʿgaḇ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *ʿāgaḇ* - and she lusted after", "*ʿal*-*məʾahăḇêhā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - after/upon her lovers", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*qərôḇîm*": "masculine plural adjective - neighboring/near" }, "variants": { "*taḥtāy*": "under me/while she was mine", "*ʿāgaḇ*": "to lust after/dote upon", "*məʾahăḇêhā*": "lovers/paramours", "*qərôḇîm*": "neighboring/near/approaching/who were close by" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.6", "source": "לְבֻשֵׁ֤י תְכֵ֙לֶת֙ פַּח֣וֹת וּסְגָנִ֔ים בַּח֥וּרֵי חֶ֖מֶד כֻּלָּ֑ם פָּרָשִׁ֕ים רֹכְבֵ֖י סוּסִֽים׃", "text": "*ləḇušê* *təḵēlet* *paḥôt* and *səḡānîm* *baḥûrê* *ḥemed* all of them *pārāšîm* *rōḵəḇê* *sûsîm*", "grammar": { "*ləḇušê*": "masculine plural construct - clothed in/wearing", "*təḵēlet*": "feminine singular noun - blue/purple", "*paḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - governors", "*səḡānîm*": "masculine plural noun - officials/rulers", "*baḥûrê*": "masculine plural construct - young men of", "*ḥemed*": "masculine singular noun - desire/delight", "*pārāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen", "*rōḵəḇê*": "masculine plural construct participle - riders of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses" }, "variants": { "*təḵēlet*": "blue/purple/violet", "*paḥôt*": "governors/captains/officials", "*səḡānîm*": "prefects/rulers/officials", "*baḥûrê*": "young men/choice men", "*ḥemed*": "desire/desirability/precious" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.7", "source": "וַתִּתֵּ֤ן תַּזְנוּתֶ֙יהָ֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבְחַ֥ר בְּנֵֽי־אַשּׁ֖וּר כֻּלָּ֑ם וּבְכֹ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־עֽ͏ָגְבָ֛ה בְּכָל־גִּלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם נִטְמָֽאָה׃", "text": "And *wattitēn* *taznûtêhā* upon them *miḇḥar* *bənê*-*ʾaššûr* all of them and with all whom *ʿāḡəḇâ* with all-*gillûlêhem* *niṭmāʾâ*", "grammar": { "*wattitēn*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *nātan* - and she gave/bestowed", "*taznûtêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries/prostitutions", "*miḇḥar*": "construct singular - choice of/select", "*bənê*-*ʾaššûr*": "masculine plural construct noun + proper noun - sons of Assyria", "*ʿāḡəḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she lusted after", "*gillûlêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their idols", "*niṭmāʾâ*": "3rd feminine singular Niphal perfect - she was defiled" }, "variants": { "*taznûtêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions/fornications", "*miḇḥar*": "choice/select/best", "*gillûlêhem*": "their idols/images/filthy things", "*niṭmāʾâ*": "she was defiled/polluted" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.8", "source": "וְאֶת־תַּזְנוּתֶ֤יהָ מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א עָזָ֔בָה כִּ֤י אוֹתָהּ֙ שָׁכְב֣וּ בִנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ וְהֵ֥מָּה עִשּׂ֖וּ דַּדֵּ֣י בְתוּלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֥וּ תַזְנוּתָ֖ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*taznûtêhā* from *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzāḇâ* for *ʾôtāh* *šāḵəḇû* in *ḇinəʿûrêhā* and they *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *ḇətûlêhā* and *wayyišpəḵû* *taznûtām* upon her", "grammar": { "*ʾet*-*taznûtêhā*": "direct object marker + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzāḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she abandoned/left", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her/with her", "*šāḵəḇû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they lay/slept with", "*ḇinəʿûrêhā*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her youth", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*ḇətûlêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her virginity/maidenhood", "*wayyišpəḵû*": "3rd plural masculine waw-consecutive imperfect of *šāpaḵ* - and they poured out", "*taznûtām*": "plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fornication" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzāḇâ*": "she left/abandoned/forsook", "*šāḵəḇû*": "they lay with/slept with/had sexual relations with", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*šāpaḵ*": "to pour out/spill", "*taznûtām*": "their fornication/harlotry/prostitution" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.9", "source": "לָכֵ֥ן נְתַתִּ֖יהָ בְּיַד־מְאַֽהֲבֶ֑יהָ בְּיַד֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַשּׁ֔וּר אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָגְבָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Therefore *nətattîhā* in *yad*-*məʾahăḇêhā* in *yad* *bənê* *ʾaššûr* whom *ʿāḡəḇâ* upon them", "grammar": { "*nətattîhā*": "1st singular Qal perfect + 3rd feminine singular suffix - I gave her", "*yad*-*məʾahăḇêhā*": "construct singular noun + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - hand of her lovers", "*yad*": "singular noun - hand", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*ʿāḡəḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she lusted after" }, "variants": { "*nətattîhā*": "I gave her/delivered her", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*məʾahăḇêhā*": "her lovers/paramours" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.10", "source": "הֵמָּה֮ גִּלּ֣וּ עֶרְוָתָהּ֒ בָּנֶ֤יהָ וּבְנוֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ לָקָ֔חוּ וְאוֹתָ֖הּ בַּחֶ֣רֶב הָרָ֑גוּ וַתְּהִי־שֵׁם֙ לַנָּשִׁ֔ים וּשְׁפוּטִ֖ים עָ֥שׂוּ בָֽהּ׃", "text": "They *gillû* *ʿerwātāh* *bānêhā* and *ḇənôtêhā* *lāqāḥû* and her *baḥereḇ* *hārāḡû* and *wattəhî*-*šēm* to the *naššîm* and *šəfûṭîm* *ʿāśû* on her", "grammar": { "*gillû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they uncovered/exposed", "*ʿerwātāh*": "singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness", "*bānêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sons", "*ḇənôtêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her daughters", "*lāqāḥû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they took", "*baḥereḇ*": "preposition + definite article + singular noun - by the sword", "*hārāḡû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they killed", "*wattəhî*-*šēm*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *hāyâ* + noun - and she became a name/byword", "*naššîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the women", "*šəfûṭîm*": "masculine plural passive participle - judgments", "*ʿāśû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they executed/made" }, "variants": { "*gillû*": "they uncovered/exposed/revealed", "*ʿerwātāh*": "her nakedness/genitals/shame", "*lāqāḥû*": "they took/seized/carried away", "*hārāḡû*": "they killed/slew", "*šēm*": "name/byword/infamous example", "*šəfûṭîm*": "judgments/penalties/punishments" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.11", "source": "וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ אֲחוֹתָ֣הּ אָהֳלִיבָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁחֵ֥ת עַגְבָתָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְאֶת־תַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יהָ מִזְּנוּנֵ֖י אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wattēreʾ* *ʾăḥôtāh* *ʾāhŏlîḇâ* and *wattašḥēt* *ʿaḡḇātāh* than her and *ʾet*-*taznûtêhā* from *zənûnê* *ʾăḥôtāh*", "grammar": { "*wattēreʾ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and she saw", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister", "*ʾāhŏlîḇâ*": "proper noun - Oholibah", "*wattašḥēt*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *šāḥat* - and she corrupted", "*ʿaḡḇātāh*": "noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her lust", "*ʾet*-*taznûtêhā*": "direct object marker + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*zənûnê*": "plural construct - harlotries of", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister" }, "variants": { "*wattašḥēt*": "she corrupted/was more corrupt in", "*ʿaḡḇātāh*": "her lust/inordinate affection", "*taznûtêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions", "*zənûnê*": "harlotries/prostitutions/fornications of" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.12", "source": "אֶל־בְּנֵי֩ אַשּׁ֨וּר עָגָ֜בָה פַּח֨וֹת וּסְגָנִ֤ים קְרֹבִים֙ לְבֻשֵׁ֣י מִכְל֔וֹל פָּרָשִׁ֖ים רֹכְבֵ֣י סוּסִ֑ים בַּח֥וּרֵי חֶ֖מֶד כֻּלָּֽם׃", "text": "Unto-*bənê* *ʾaššûr* *ʿāḡāḇâ* *paḥôt* and *səḡānîm* *qərōḇîm* *ləḇušê* *miḵlôl* *pārāšîm* *rōḵəḇê* *sûsîm* *baḥûrê* *ḥemed* all of them", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*ʿāḡāḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she lusted after", "*paḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - governors", "*səḡānîm*": "masculine plural noun - officials/rulers", "*qərōḇîm*": "masculine plural adjective - neighboring/near", "*ləḇušê*": "masculine plural construct - clothed in/wearing", "*miḵlôl*": "masculine singular noun - perfection/splendor", "*pārāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen", "*rōḵəḇê*": "masculine plural construct participle - riders of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*baḥûrê*": "masculine plural construct - young men of", "*ḥemed*": "masculine singular noun - desire/delight" }, "variants": { "*paḥôt*": "governors/captains/officials", "*səḡānîm*": "prefects/rulers/officials", "*miḵlôl*": "perfection/splendor/gorgeous clothing", "*baḥûrê*": "young men/choice men", "*ḥemed*": "desire/desirability/handsome" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.13", "source": "וָאֵ֖רֶא כִּ֣י נִטְמָ֑אָה דֶּ֥רֶךְ אֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And *wāʾēreʾ* that *niṭmāʾâ* *dereḵ* *ʾeḥād* for both of them", "grammar": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "1st singular Qal waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and I saw", "*niṭmāʾâ*": "3rd feminine singular Niphal perfect - she was defiled", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular construct - way of", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral - one", "*lištêhen*": "preposition + dual feminine noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for both of them" }, "variants": { "*niṭmāʾâ*": "she was defiled/polluted/made unclean", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/manner" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.14", "source": "וַתּ֖וֹסֶף אֶל־תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ וַתֵּ֗רֶא אַנְשֵׁי֙ מְחֻקֶּ֣ה עַל־הַקִּ֔יר צַלְמֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֔ים חֲקֻקִ֖ים בַּשָּׁשַֽׁר׃", "text": "And *wattôsef* unto-*taznûtêhā* and *wattēreʾ* *ʾanšê* *məḥuqqeh* upon-*haqqîr* *ṣalmê* *kaśdîm* *ḥăquqîm* in *baššāšar*", "grammar": { "*wattôsef*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *yāsap* - and she added", "*taznûtêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*wattēreʾ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and she saw", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*məḥuqqeh*": "passive participle - portrayed/drawn/carved", "*haqqîr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the wall", "*ṣalmê*": "masculine plural construct - images of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*ḥăquqîm*": "masculine plural Qal passive participle - carved/engraved", "*baššāšar*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the vermilion/red ochre" }, "variants": { "*wattôsef*": "she increased/added to", "*məḥuqqeh*": "portrayed/drawn/carved", "*ṣalmê*": "images/likenesses/figures", "*ḥăquqîm*": "carved/engraved/portrayed", "*baššāšar*": "in vermilion/red ochre/bright red color" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.15", "source": "חֲגוֹרֵ֨י אֵז֜וֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֗ם סְרוּחֵ֤י טְבוּלִים֙ בְּרָ֣אשֵׁיהֶ֔ם מַרְאֵ֥ה שָׁלִשִׁ֖ים כֻּלָּ֑ם דְּמ֤וּת בְּנֵֽי־בָבֶל֙ כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֶ֖רֶץ מוֹלַדְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*ḥăḡôrê* *ʾēzôr* in *bəmātnêhem* *sərûḥê* *ṭəḇûlîm* in *bərāʾšêhem* *marʾēh* *šālišîm* all of them *dəmût* *bənê*-*ḇāḇel* *kaśdîm* *ʾereṣ* *môladtām*", "grammar": { "*ḥăḡôrê*": "masculine plural construct - girded with", "*ʾēzôr*": "masculine singular noun - belt/girdle", "*bəmātnêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - around their loins", "*sərûḥê*": "masculine plural construct - hanging down/flowing", "*ṭəḇûlîm*": "masculine plural noun - turbans/dyed attire", "*bərāʾšêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their heads", "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - appearance of", "*šālišîm*": "masculine plural noun - officers", "*dəmût*": "feminine singular construct - likeness of", "*bənê*-*ḇāḇel*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Babylon", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*môladtām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their nativity/birth" }, "variants": { "*ḥăḡôrê*": "girded with/wearing", "*ʾēzôr*": "belt/girdle/waistband", "*sərûḥê*": "hanging down/flowing/redundant", "*ṭəḇûlîm*": "turbans/dyed attire/colored headdresses", "*marʾēh*": "appearance/sight/vision", "*šālišîm*": "officers/captains/nobles", "*dəmût*": "likeness/appearance/similitude", "*môladtām*": "their nativity/birthplace/native land" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.16", "source": "וַתַּעְגְּבָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַרְאֵ֣ה עֵינֶ֑יהָ וַתִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כַּשְׂדִּֽימָה׃", "text": "And *wattaʿgəbâ* upon them to *marʾēh* *ʿênêhā* and *wattišlaḥ* *malʾāḵîm* to them *kaśdîmâ*", "grammar": { "*wattaʿgəbâ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *ʿāgaḇ* - and she lusted after", "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - sight of", "*ʿênêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her eyes", "*wattišlaḥ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *šālaḥ* - and she sent", "*malʾāḵîm*": "masculine plural noun - messengers", "*kaśdîmâ*": "proper noun + directional he - to Chaldea" }, "variants": { "*wattaʿgəbâ*": "she lusted after/doted upon", "*marʾēh*": "sight/appearance/vision", "*malʾāḵîm*": "messengers/envoys/ambassadors", "*kaśdîmâ*": "to Chaldea/toward the land of the Chaldeans" } }
• Hos 4:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.1", "source": "שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֠י אֵין־אֱמֶ֧ת וְֽאֵין־חֶ֛סֶד וְאֵֽין־דַּ֥עַת אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Shimʿû* *dəbar*-*YHWH* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *rîb* *l-YHWH* *ʿim*-*yôšbê* *hāʾāreṣ* *kî* *ʾên*-*ʾĕmet* *wə-ʾên*-*ḥesed* *wə-ʾên*-*daʿat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *bāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*Shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəbar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word/speech of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, subject of construct chain", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/controversy/lawsuit", "*l-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - belonging to YHWH", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*yôšbê*": "participle construct, masculine plural - inhabitants/dwellers of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun with definite article - the land", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth/faithfulness", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - steadfast love/covenant loyalty/mercy", "*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural form (divine singular) - God", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + noun with definite article - in the land" }, "variants": { "*dəbar*": "word/speech/matter/thing", "*rîb*": "dispute/lawsuit/controversy/quarrel", "*ḥesed*": "steadfast love/covenant loyalty/kindness/mercy", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/insight/understanding", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural but referring to the singular deity)", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory" } } 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.2", "source": "אָלֹ֣ה וְכַחֵ֔שׁ וְרָצֹ֥חַ וְגָנֹ֖ב וְנָאֹ֑ף פָּרָ֕צוּ וְדָמִ֥ים בְּדָמִ֖ים נָגָֽעוּ׃", "text": "*ʾālōh* *wə-kaḥēš* *wə-rāṣōaḥ* *wə-gānōb* *wə-nāʾōf* *pārāṣû* *wə-dāmîm* *bə-dāmîm* *nāgāʿû*", "grammar": { "*ʾālōh*": "infinitive absolute - swearing/cursing", "*wə-kaḥēš*": "conjunction + infinitive absolute - and lying/deceiving", "*wə-rāṣōaḥ*": "conjunction + infinitive absolute - and murdering", "*wə-gānōb*": "conjunction + infinitive absolute - and stealing", "*wə-nāʾōf*": "conjunction + infinitive absolute - and committing adultery", "*pārāṣû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural - they break out/burst forth", "*wə-dāmîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and bloodshed/blood", "*bə-dāmîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - with/against bloodshed/blood", "*nāgāʿû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural - they touched/reached" }, "variants": { "*ʾālōh*": "swearing falsely/cursing", "*kaḥēš*": "lying/deceiving/denying", "*pārāṣû*": "break out/burst through/increase/spread abroad", "*dāmîm*": "bloodshed/blood guilt/bloodiness", "*nāgāʿû*": "touched/reached/struck/approached" } } 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.3", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֣ן ׀ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֗רֶץ וְאֻמְלַל֙ כָּל־יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בָּ֔הּ בְּחַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וּבְע֣וֹף הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְגַם־דְּגֵ֥י הַיָּ֖ם יֵאָסֵֽפוּ׃", "text": "*ʿal-kēn* *teʾĕbal* *hāʾāreṣ* *wə-ʾumlal* *kol-yôšēb* *bāh* *bə-ḥayyat* *haśśādeh* *û-bəʿôp* *haššāmāyim* *wə-gam* *dəgê* *hayyām* *yēʾāsēpû*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/because of this", "*teʾĕbal*": "imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she mourns/will mourn", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun with definite article, feminine singular - the land", "*wə-ʾumlal*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and will be/has been weak/languished", "*kol*": "construct state - all of/every", "*yôšēb*": "participle, masculine singular - inhabitant/one dwelling", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it (the land)", "*bə-ḥayyat*": "preposition + construct feminine singular - with/among beast(s) of", "*haśśādeh*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the field", "*û-bəʿôp*": "conjunction + preposition + construct masculine singular - and with/among bird(s) of", "*haššāmāyim*": "noun with definite article, masculine plural - the heavens", "*wə-gam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also/even", "*dəgê*": "construct masculine plural - fish of", "*hayyām*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the sea", "*yēʾāsēpû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, niphal - they will be gathered/taken away" }, "variants": { "*teʾĕbal*": "mourns/dries up/withers", "*ʾumlal*": "languishes/weakens/withers/is cut off", "*yēʾāsēpû*": "be gathered/be taken away/be removed/perish" } }
• Hos 8:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.5", "source": "זָנַח֙ עֶגְלֵ֣ךְ שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן חָרָ֥ה אַפִּ֖י בָּ֑ם עַד־מָתַ֕י לֹ֥א יוּכְל֖וּ נִקָּיֹֽן׃", "text": "*zānaḥ* your *ʿeḡlēḵ* *šōmərôn*; *ḥārāh* my *ʾappî* against them; until when not they *yûḵəlû* *niqqāyōn*?", "grammar": { "*zānaḥ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has rejected", "*ʿeḡlēḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your calf", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*ḥārāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it has burned", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine, singular with 1st person singular suffix - my anger/nose", "*yûḵəlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be able", "*niqqāyōn*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - innocence/cleanness" }, "variants": { "*zānaḥ*": "rejected/cast off/spurned", "*ʿeḡlēḵ*": "your calf/your young bull (idol)", "*ḥārāh*": "burned/kindled/became hot", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/my nose/my wrath", "*yûḵəlû*": "they will be able/capable/endure", "*niqqāyōn*": "innocence/cleanness/freedom from punishment" } } 6 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.6", "source": "כִּ֤י מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְה֔וּא חָרָ֣שׁ עָשָׂ֔הוּ וְלֹ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים ה֑וּא כִּֽי־שְׁבָבִ֣ים יִֽהְיֶ֔ה עֵ֖גֶל שֹׁמְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "For from *yiśrāʾēl* and he, *ḥārāš* *ʿāśāhû* and not *ʾĕlōhîm* he; for *šəḇāḇîm* *yihyeh* *ʿēḡel* *šōmərôn*.", "grammar": { "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥārāš*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - craftsman/artificer", "*ʿāśāhû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he made it", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - God/gods", "*šəḇāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - fragments/splinters", "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he/it will be", "*ʿēḡel*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - calf of", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria" }, "variants": { "*ḥārāš*": "craftsman/artificer/workman", "*ʿāśāhû*": "made it/created it/fashioned it", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/deity", "*šəḇāḇîm*": "fragments/splinters/pieces" } } 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.7", "source": "כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ יִזְרָ֖עוּ וְסוּפָ֣תָה יִקְצֹ֑רוּ קָמָ֣ה אֵֽין־ל֗וֹ צֶ֚מַח בְּלִ֣י יַֽעֲשֶׂה־קֶּ֔מַח אוּלַ֣י יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה זָרִ֖ים יִבְלָעֻֽהוּ׃", "text": "For *rûaḥ* they *yizrāʿû* and *sûp̄āṯāh* they *yiqṣōrû*; *qāmāh* *ʾên*-to him; *ṣemaḥ* without *yaʿăśeh*-*qemaḥ*; perhaps *yaʿăśeh*, strangers *yiḇlāʿuhû*.", "grammar": { "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine, singular absolute - wind/spirit", "*yizrāʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they sow", "*sûp̄āṯāh*": "noun, feminine, singular with directional he - whirlwind/storm", "*yiqṣōrû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will reap", "*qāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular absolute - standing grain", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ṣemaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - sprout/growth", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will produce/make", "*qemaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - flour/meal", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will produce/make", "*yiḇlāʿuhû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they will swallow it" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath", "*yizrāʿû*": "they sow/plant/scatter seed", "*sûp̄āṯāh*": "whirlwind/storm/tempest", "*yiqṣōrû*": "they will reap/harvest", "*qāmāh*": "standing grain/stalk", "*ṣemaḥ*": "sprout/growth/shoot", "*yaʿăśeh*": "it will produce/make/yield", "*qemaḥ*": "flour/meal", "*yiḇlāʿuhû*": "they will swallow it/devour it/consume it" } } 8 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.8", "source": "נִבְלַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַתָּה֙ הָי֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם כִּכְלִ֖י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*niḇlaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl*; now *hāyû* among the *gôyim* like *kəlî* *ʾên*-*ḥēp̄eṣ* in him.", "grammar": { "*niḇlaʿ*": "verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is swallowed up", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they were/have become", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - nations/gentiles", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - vessel/object of", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - delight/pleasure/desire" }, "variants": { "*niḇlaʿ*": "swallowed up/devoured/consumed", "*hāyû*": "they were/have become/have been", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*kəlî*": "vessel/object/utensil", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "delight/pleasure/desire/value" } } 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.9", "source": "כִּֽי־הֵ֙מָּה֙ עָל֣וּ אַשּׁ֔וּר פֶּ֖רֶא בּוֹדֵ֣ד ל֑וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם הִתְנ֥וּ אֲהָבִֽים", "text": "For they *ʿālû* *ʾaššûr*, *pereʾ* *bôḏēḏ* to him; *ʾep̄rayim* *hiṯnû* *ʾăhāḇîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʿālû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they went up", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*pereʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - wild donkey", "*bôḏēḏ*": "adjective, masculine, singular absolute - alone/solitary", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*hiṯnû*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person plural - they hired/purchased", "*ʾăhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - loves/lovers" }, "variants": { "*ʿālû*": "went up/ascended/have gone", "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/wild ass", "*bôḏēḏ*": "alone/solitary/isolated", "*hiṯnû*": "hired/purchased/gave gifts", "*ʾăhāḇîm*": "loves/lovers/love gifts" } } 10 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.10", "source": "גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־יִתְנ֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֖ם עַתָּ֣ה אֲקַבְּצֵ֑ם וַיָּחֵ֣לּוּ מְּעָ֔ט מִמַּשָּׂ֖א מֶ֥לֶךְ שָׂרִֽים׃", "text": "Even though they *yiṯnû* among the *gôyim*, now *ʾăqabbəṣēm*; and they *wayyāḥēllû* *məʿāṭ* from *maśśāʾ* *meleḵ* *śārîm*.", "grammar": { "*yiṯnû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they give", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - nations/gentiles", "*ʾăqabbəṣēm*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will gather them", "*wayyāḥēllû*": "verb, hifil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they began/started", "*məʿāṭ*": "adjective, masculine, singular absolute - little/few", "*maśśāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - burden of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king of", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - princes/officials" }, "variants": { "*yiṯnû*": "they give/offer/hire", "*ʾăqabbəṣēm*": "I will gather them/collect them/assemble them", "*wayyāḥēllû*": "they began/started to be in pain/diminished", "*məʿāṭ*": "little/few/a little while", "*maśśāʾ*": "burden/tribute/load", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/leaders" } } 11 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.11", "source": "כִּֽי־הִרְבָּ֥ה אֶפְרַ֛יִם מִזְבְּחֹ֖ת לַחֲטֹ֑א הָיוּ־ל֥וֹ מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לַחֲטֹֽא׃", "text": "For *hirbāh* *ʾep̄rayim* *mizbəḥōṯ* for *laḥăṭōʾ*; they *hāyû*-to him *mizbəḥôṯ* for *laḥăṭōʾ*.", "grammar": { "*hirbāh*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he multiplied", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*mizbəḥōṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - altars", "*laḥăṭōʾ*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - for sinning", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they became", "*mizbəḥôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - altars" }, "variants": { "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/increased/made many", "*mizbəḥōṯ*": "altars/places of sacrifice", "*laḥăṭōʾ*": "for sinning/to sin/for sin", "*hāyû*": "they became/were" } } 12 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.12", "source": "אֶ֨כְתָּב־ל֔וֹ רֻבֵּ֖י תּֽוֹרָתִ֑י כְּמוֹ־זָ֖ר נֶחְשָֽׁבוּ׃", "text": "*ʾeḵtāḇ*-to him *rubbê* *tôrāṯî*; like-*zār* *neḥšāḇû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeḵtāḇ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I write", "*rubbê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - multitude of", "*tôrāṯî*": "noun, feminine, singular with 1st person singular suffix - my law/instruction", "*zār*": "adjective, masculine, singular absolute - strange/foreign", "*neḥšāḇû*": "verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are regarded" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḵtāḇ*": "I write/inscribe/wrote [variant reading: if I wrote]", "*rubbê*": "multitude of/many/ten thousand", "*tôrāṯî*": "my law/my instruction/my teaching", "*zār*": "strange/foreign/alien thing", "*neḥšāḇû*": "they are regarded/considered/reckoned" } } 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.13", "source": "זִבְחֵ֣י הַבְהָבַ֗י יִזְבְּח֤וּ בָשָׂר֙ וַיֹּאכֵ֔לוּ יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א רָצָ֑ם עַתָּ֞ה יִזְכֹּ֤ר עֲוֺנָם֙ וְיִפְקֹ֣ד חַטֹּאותָ֔ם הֵ֖מָּה מִצְרַ֥יִם יָשֽׁוּבוּ׃", "text": "*ziḇḥê* *haḇhāḇay* they *yizbəḥû* *ḇāśār* *wayyōʾḵēlû*, *YHWH* not *rāṣām*; now *yizkōr* their *ʿăwōnām* and *yip̄qōḏ* their *ḥaṭṭōʾwṯām*; they to *miṣrayim* *yāšûḇû*.", "grammar": { "*ziḇḥê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - sacrifices of", "*haḇhāḇay*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st person singular suffix - my gifts", "*yizbəḥû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they sacrifice", "*ḇāśār*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - flesh/meat", "*wayyōʾḵēlû*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they eat", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*rāṣām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he accepted/was pleased with them", "*yizkōr*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will remember", "*ʿăwōnām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*yip̄qōḏ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will visit/punish", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwṯām*": "noun, feminine, plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sins", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yāšûḇû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will return" }, "variants": { "*ziḇḥê*": "sacrifices of/offerings of", "*haḇhāḇay*": "my gifts/my offerings [uncertain meaning, possibly 'my choice sacrifices']", "*yizbəḥû*": "they sacrifice/slaughter/offer", "*ḇāśār*": "flesh/meat", "*wayyōʾḵēlû*": "and they eat/consume", "*rāṣām*": "accepted them/was pleased with them/favored them", "*yizkōr*": "he will remember/recall/take note of", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*yip̄qōḏ*": "he will visit/punish/attend to", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwṯām*": "their sins/offenses/failures", "*yāšûḇû*": "they will return/go back/revert" } } 14 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.14", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכַּ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־עֹשֵׂ֗הוּ וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ הֵֽיכָל֔וֹת וִֽיהוּדָ֕ה הִרְבָּ֖ה עָרִ֣ים בְּצֻר֑וֹת וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנֹתֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*wayyiškaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿōśēhû* *wayyiḇen* *hêḵālôṯ*; and *wîhûḏāh* *hirbāh* *ʿārîm* *bəṣurôṯ*; and *wəšillaḥtî*-*ʾēš* in his *bəʿārāyw* and it *wəʾāḵəlāh* their *ʾarmənōṯêhā*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiškaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he forgot", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿōśēhû*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his maker", "*wayyiḇen*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he built", "*hêḵālôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - palaces/temples", "*wîhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*hirbāh*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he multiplied", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine, plural absolute - cities", "*bəṣurôṯ*": "adjective, feminine, plural absolute - fortified", "*wəšillaḥtî*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will send", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular absolute - fire", "*bəʿārāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine, plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his cities", "*wəʾāḵəlāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it will devour", "*ʾarmənōṯêhā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her citadels" }, "variants": { "*wayyiškaḥ*": "and he forgot/neglected/ignored", "*ʿōśēhû*": "his maker/his creator", "*wayyiḇen*": "and he built/constructed", "*hêḵālôṯ*": "palaces/temples/grand buildings", "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/increased/made many", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*bəṣurôṯ*": "fortified/defended/walled", "*wəšillaḥtî*": "and I will send/dispatch", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*wəʾāḵəlāh*": "and it will devour/consume/destroy", "*ʾarmənōṯêhā*": "her citadels/palaces/fortresses" } }
• Deut 31:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.16", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה הִנְּךָ֥ שֹׁכֵ֖ב עִם־אֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ וְקָם֩ הָעָ֨ם הַזֶּ֜ה וְזָנָ֣ה ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י נֵֽכַר־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֨ר ה֤וּא בָא־שָׁ֙מָּה֙ בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ וַעֲזָבַ֕נִי וְהֵפֵר֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּרַ֖תִּי אִתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer YHWH ʾel-mōšeh hinnəkā šōkēb ʿim-ʾăbōteykā wə-qām hā-ʿām ha-zeh wə-zānāh ʾaḥărê ʾĕlōhê nēkar-hā-ʾāreṣ ʾăšer hûʾ bāʾ-šāmmāh bə-qirbô wa-ʿăzābanî wə-hēpēr ʾet-bərîtî ʾăšer kārattî ʾittô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾel-mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to Moses", "*hinnəkā*": "particle + 2nd masculine singular suffix - behold you", "*šōkēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - lying down/sleeping", "*ʿim-ʾăbōteykā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with your fathers", "*wə-qām*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will rise", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this", "*wə-zānāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will prostitute itself", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*nēkar-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, feminine singular - foreign [gods] of the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*bāʾ-šāmmāh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular + directional particle - entering there", "*bə-qirbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in its midst", "*wa-ʿăzābanî*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - and will forsake me", "*wə-hēpēr*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will break", "*ʾet-bərîtî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my covenant", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*kārattî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I cut/made", "*ʾittô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*šōkēb*": "lying down/sleeping/about to die", "*ʿim-ʾăbōteykā*": "with your fathers/ancestors/joining your ancestors in death", "*wə-qām*": "will rise/arise/stand up", "*wə-zānāh*": "prostitute itself/be unfaithful/commit idolatry", "*ʾĕlōhê nēkar*": "foreign gods/strange deities/alien gods", "*wa-ʿăzābanî*": "forsake me/abandon me/leave me", "*wə-hēpēr*": "break/violate/nullify", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/pact", "*kārattî*": "cut/made/established" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.17", "source": "וְחָרָ֣ה אַפִּ֣י ב֣וֹ בַיּוֹם־הַ֠הוּא וַעֲזַבְתִּ֞ים וְהִסְתַּרְתִּ֨י פָנַ֤י מֵהֶם֙ וְהָיָ֣ה לֶֽאֱכֹ֔ל וּמְצָאֻ֛הוּ רָע֥וֹת רַבּ֖וֹת וְצָר֑וֹת וְאָמַר֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא הֲלֹ֗א עַ֣ל כִּֽי־אֵ֤ין אֱלֹהַי֙ בְּקִרְבִּ֔י מְצָא֖וּנִי הָרָע֥וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "*wə-ḥārāh ʾappî bô ba-yôm-ha-hûʾ wa-ʿăzabtîm wə-histartî pānay mēhem wə-hāyāh le-ʾĕkōl û-məṣāʾuhû rāʿôt rabbôt wə-ṣārôt wə-ʾāmar ba-yôm ha-hûʾ hă-lōʾ ʿal kî-ʾên ʾĕlōhay bə-qirbî məṣāʾûnî hā-rāʿôt hā-ʾēlleh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥārāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will burn", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my anger/nostril", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*ba-yôm-ha-hûʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + definite article + demonstrative pronoun - in that day", "*wa-ʿăzabtîm*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and I will forsake them", "*wə-histartî*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will hide", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - my face", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from them", "*wə-hāyāh*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will be", "*le-ʾĕkōl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - for devouring", "*û-məṣāʾuhû*": "waw conjunctive + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and will find him", "*rāʿôt*": "noun, feminine plural - evils", "*rabbôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - many", "*wə-ṣārôt*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine plural - and distresses", "*wə-ʾāmar*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will say", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*hă-lōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - is it not", "*ʿal*": "preposition - because", "*kî-ʾên*": "conjunction + negative existential particle - that there is no", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - my God", "*bə-qirbî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - in my midst", "*məṣāʾûnî*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 1st singular suffix - have found me", "*hā-rāʿôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the evils", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these" }, "variants": { "*ḥārāh*": "burn/be kindled/become hot", "*ʾappî*": "my anger/my nose/my wrath", "*wa-ʿăzabtîm*": "forsake them/abandon them/leave them", "*wə-histartî pānay*": "hide my face/withhold my presence/conceal my favor", "*le-ʾĕkōl*": "to be devoured/consumed/destroyed", "*rāʿôt*": "evils/calamities/troubles", "*ṣārôt*": "distresses/troubles/adversities", "*bə-qirbî*": "in my midst/among me/within me" } }
• Deut 31:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.29", "source": "כִּ֣י יָדַ֗עְתִּי אַחֲרֵ֤י מוֹתִי֙ כִּֽי־הַשְׁחֵ֣ת תַּשְׁחִת֔וּן וְסַרְתֶּ֣ם מִן־הַדֶּ֔רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּ֖יתִי אֶתְכֶ֑ם וְקָרָ֨את אֶתְכֶ֤ם הֽ͏ָרָעָה֙ בְּאַחֲרִ֣ית הַיָּמִ֔ים כִּֽי־תַעֲשׂ֤וּ אֶת־הָרַע֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה לְהַכְעִיס֖וֹ בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "For *yādaʿtî* after *môtî* that-*hašḥēt* *tašḥitûn* *wĕ*-*sartem* from-the-*hadderek* which *ṣiwwîtî* you, *wĕ*-*qārāʾt* you the-*hārāʿāh* in-*ʾaḥărît* the-*hayyāmîm* because-*taʿaśû* *ʾet*-the-*hāraʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* *lĕhakʿîsô* in-*maʿăśēh* *yĕdêkem*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I know/have known", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*môtî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my death", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*hašḥēt*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - utterly/certainly", "*tašḥitûn*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will corrupt/destroy", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*sartem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will turn aside", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*hadderek*": "definite article with noun - the way", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I commanded", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*qārāʾt*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will meet/encounter", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*hārāʿāh*": "definite article with feminine noun - the evil/disaster", "*bĕʾaḥărît*": "preposition with noun construct - in the end/latter part of", "*hayyāmîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the days", "*kî*": "conjunction - because", "*taʿaśû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will do", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāraʿ*": "definite article with noun - the evil", "*bĕʿênê*": "preposition with construct noun - in the eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*lĕhakʿîsô*": "preposition with hiphil infinitive construct and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke him to anger", "*bĕmaʿăśēh*": "preposition with construct noun - by the work of", "*yĕdêkem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your hands" }, "variants": { "*hašḥēt tašḥitûn*": "utterly corrupt/certainly ruin/completely destroy (emphatic construction)", "*sartem*": "turn aside/deviate from/abandon", "*hadderek*": "way/path/road (figuratively: manner of living)", "*qārāʾt*": "meet/encounter/befall", "*hārāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune", "*ʾaḥărît hayyāmîm*": "end of days/latter days/future time", "*hāraʿ*": "evil/wickedness/wrong", "*lĕhakʿîsô*": "to provoke his anger/to vex him/to offend him" } }
• Deut 32:15-52 : 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.15", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ן יְשֻׁרוּן֙ וַיִּבְעָ֔ט שָׁמַ֖נְתָּ עָבִ֣יתָ כָּשִׂ֑יתָ וַיִּטֹּשׁ֙ אֱל֣וֹהַ עָשָׂ֔הוּ וַיְנַבֵּ֖ל צ֥וּר יְשֻׁעָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyišman* *yəšurûn* *wayyiḇʿāṭ* *šāmantā* *ʿāḇîṯā* *kāśîṯā* *wayyiṭṭōš* *ʾĕlôah* *ʿāśāhû* *waynaḇēl* *ṣûr* *yəšuʿāṯô*", "grammar": { "*wayyišman*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he grew fat", "*yəšurûn*": "proper noun - Jeshurun (poetic name for Israel)", "*wayyiḇʿāṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he kicked", "*šāmantā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you grew fat", "*ʿāḇîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you grew thick", "*kāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you became covered/gorged", "*wayyiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he forsook", "*ʾĕlôah*": "masculine singular noun - God", "*ʿāśāhû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - who made him", "*waynaḇēl*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he treated with contempt", "*ṣûr*": "masculine singular construct noun - rock of", "*yəšuʿāṯô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his salvation" }, "variants": { "*wayyišman*": "and he grew fat/and he became sleek/and he became prosperous", "*yəšurûn*": "Jeshurun/Upright One (poetic name for Israel)", "*wayyiḇʿāṭ*": "and he kicked/and he rebelled/and he resisted", "*šāmantā*": "you grew fat/you became prosperous/you became sleek", "*ʿāḇîṯā*": "you grew thick/you became stout/you became heavy", "*kāśîṯā*": "you became covered/you became gorged/you were bloated", "*wayyiṭṭōš*": "and he forsook/and he abandoned/and he rejected", "*waynaḇēl*": "and he treated with contempt/and he spurned/and he dishonored", "*ṣûr yəšuʿāṯô*": "rock of his salvation/his saving rock" } } 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.16", "source": "יַקְנִאֻ֖הוּ בְּזָרִ֑ים בְּתוֹעֵבֹ֖ת יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ׃", "text": "*yaqnîʾuhû* *bəzārîm* *bəṯôʿēḇōṯ* *yaḵʿîsuhû*", "grammar": { "*yaqnîʾuhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous", "*bəzārîm*": "preposition + masculine plural adjective - with strange ones", "*bəṯôʿēḇōṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - with abominations", "*yaḵʿîsuhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they provoked him" }, "variants": { "*yaqnîʾuhû*": "they made him jealous/they provoked him to jealousy/they moved him to envy", "*zārîm*": "strange ones/foreigners/alien things", "*tôʿēḇōṯ*": "abominations/detestable things/loathsome practices", "*yaḵʿîsuhû*": "they provoked him/they vexed him/they angered him" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.17", "source": "יִזְבְּח֗וּ לַשֵּׁדִים֙ לֹ֣א אֱלֹ֔הַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְדָע֑וּם חֲדָשִׁים֙ מִקָּרֹ֣ב בָּ֔אוּ לֹ֥א שְׂעָר֖וּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*yizbəḥû* *laššēdîm* *lōʾ* *ʾĕlōah* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lōʾ* *yədāʿûm* *ḥădāšîm* *miqqārōḇ* *bāʾû* *lōʾ* *śəʿārûm* *ʾăḇōṯêḵem*", "grammar": { "*yizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they sacrificed", "*laššēdîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with definite article - to the demons", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾĕlōah*": "masculine singular noun - God/god", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yədāʿûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they knew them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "masculine plural adjective - new ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from recently", "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*śəʿārûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they dreaded them", "*ʾăḇōṯêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers" }, "variants": { "*yizbəḥû*": "they sacrificed/they offered/they slaughtered", "*šēdîm*": "demons/evil spirits/false gods", "*lōʾ ʾĕlōah*": "not God/no god/godless things", "*yədāʿûm*": "they knew them/they were acquainted with them/they recognized them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "new ones/newcomers/recent ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "from recently/from nearby/lately", "*bāʾû*": "they came/they arrived/they appeared", "*śəʿārûm*": "they dreaded them/they feared them/they were terrified of them" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.18", "source": "צ֥וּר יְלָדְךָ֖ תֶּ֑שִׁי וַתִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֵ֥ל מְחֹלְלֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ṣûr* *yəlādəḵā* *tešî* *wattiškaḥ* *ʾēl* *məḥōleleḵā*", "grammar": { "*ṣûr*": "masculine singular noun - rock", "*yəlādəḵā*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - who begot you", "*tešî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you forgot/neglected", "*wattiškaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you forgot", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God", "*məḥōleleḵā*": "Polel participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - who gave you birth" }, "variants": { "*ṣûr yəlādəḵā*": "rock who begot you/rock who fathered you", "*tešî*": "you forgot/you neglected/you were unmindful", "*wattiškaḥ*": "and you forgot/and you ignored/and you were unmindful", "*ʾēl məḥōleleḵā*": "God who gave you birth/God who brought you forth/God who formed you" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.19", "source": "וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּנְאָ֑ץ מִכַּ֥עַס בָּנָ֖יו וּבְנֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyarʾ* *YHWH* *wayyinʾāṣ* *mikkaʿas* *bānāyw* *ûḇənōṯāyw*", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyinʾāṣ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he spurned", "*mikkaʿas*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - from provocation of", "*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*ûḇənōṯāyw*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his daughters" }, "variants": { "*wayyarʾ*": "and he saw/and he observed/and he noticed", "*wayyinʾāṣ*": "and he spurned/and he despised/and he rejected", "*mikkaʿas*": "from provocation/because of anger/due to vexation", "*bānāyw*": "his sons/his children", "*bənōṯāyw*": "his daughters/his female children" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַסְתִּ֤ירָה פָנַי֙ מֵהֶ֔ם אֶרְאֶ֖ה מָ֣ה אַחֲרִיתָ֑ם כִּ֣י ד֤וֹר תַּהְפֻּכֹת֙ הֵ֔מָּה בָּנִ֖ים לֹא־אֵמֻ֥ן בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *ʾastîrâ* *p̄ānay* *mēhem* *ʾerʾê* *mâ* *ʾaḥărîṯām* *kî* *dôr* *tahpuḵōṯ* *hēmmâ* *bānîm* *lōʾ*-*ʾēmun* *bām*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾastîrâ*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I will hide", "*p̄ānay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my face", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them", "*ʾerʾê*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - I will see", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what", "*ʾaḥărîṯām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their end", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*dôr*": "masculine singular construct noun - generation of", "*tahpuḵōṯ*": "feminine plural noun - perversity", "*hēmmâ*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons/children", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾēmun*": "masculine singular noun - faithfulness", "*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them" }, "variants": { "*ʾastîrâ p̄ānay*": "I will hide my face/I will turn away from them/I will withdraw my presence", "*ʾerʾê*": "I will see/I will observe/I will watch", "*ʾaḥărîṯām*": "their end/their outcome/their future", "*dôr tahpuḵōṯ*": "generation of perversity/perverse generation/twisted generation", "*bānîm lōʾ-ʾēmun*": "children without faithfulness/unfaithful children/untrustworthy sons" } } 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.21", "source": "הֵ֚ם קִנְא֣וּנִי בְלֹא־אֵ֔ל כִּעֲס֖וּנִי בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם בְּלֹא־עָ֔ם בְּג֥וֹי נָבָ֖ל אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃", "text": "*hēm* *qinʾûnî* *ḇəlōʾ*-*ʾēl* *kiʿăsûnî* *bəhaḇlêhem* *waʾănî* *ʾaqnîʾēm* *bəlōʾ*-*ʿām* *bəgôy* *nāḇāl* *aḵʿîsēm*", "grammar": { "*hēm*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*qinʾûnî*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they made me jealous", "*ḇəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - god", "*kiʿăsûnî*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they provoked me", "*bəhaḇlêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with their vanities", "*waʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*ʾaqnîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will make them jealous", "*bəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*bəgôy*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - with nation", "*nāḇāl*": "masculine singular adjective - foolish", "*aḵʿîsēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will provoke them" }, "variants": { "*qinʾûnî*": "they made me jealous/they provoked me to jealousy/they stirred me to jealousy", "*bəlōʾ-ʾēl*": "with no god/with what is not god/with a non-deity", "*kiʿăsûnî*": "they provoked me/they vexed me/they made me angry", "*haḇlêhem*": "their vanities/their idols/their worthless things", "*ʾaqnîʾēm*": "I will make them jealous/I will provoke them to jealousy", "*bəlōʾ-ʿām*": "with no people/with what is not a nation/with a non-people", "*gôy nāḇāl*": "foolish nation/senseless nation/contemptible people", "*aḵʿîsēm*": "I will provoke them/I will anger them/I will vex them" } } 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.22", "source": "כִּי־אֵשׁ֙ קָדְחָ֣ה בְאַפִּ֔י וַתִּיקַ֖ד עַד־שְׁא֣וֹל תַּחְתִּ֑ית וַתֹּ֤אכַל אֶ֙רֶץ֙ וִֽיבֻלָ֔הּ וַתְּלַהֵ֖ט מוֹסְדֵ֥י הָרִֽים׃", "text": "For *ʾēš* *qāḏəḥāh* in-*ʾappî*, *wattîqaḏ* unto-*šəʾôl* *taḥtît*; *wattōʾḵal* *ʾereṣ* and-*yəḇulāh*, *wattəlahēṭ* *môsəḏê* *hārîm*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*qāḏəḥāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has kindled/ignited", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my nostril/anger", "*wattîqaḏ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it burns", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - unto/to", "*šəʾôl*": "noun, feminine, singular - Sheol/underworld", "*taḥtît*": "adjective, feminine, singular - lowest/nethermost", "*wattōʾḵal*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it consumes", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*wî*": "conjunction - and", "*yəḇulāh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its produce/yield", "*wattəlahēṭ*": "verb, piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it sets aflame", "*môsəḏê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - foundations of", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - mountains" }, "variants": { "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāḏəḥāh*": "kindled/ignited/blazed", "*ʾappî*": "my nostril/my anger/my wrath", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave", "*taḥtît*": "lowest/deepest/nethermost", "*yəḇulāh*": "its produce/yield/increase", "*môsəḏê*": "foundations/bases" } } 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.23", "source": "אַסְפֶּ֥ה עָלֵ֖ימוֹ רָע֑וֹת חִצַּ֖י אֲכַלֶּה־בָּֽם׃", "text": "*ʾaspeh* upon-them *rāʿôṯ*; *ḥiṣṣay* *ʾăḵalleh*-in-them.", "grammar": { "*ʾaspeh*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will heap up", "*ʿălêmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*rāʿôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - evils/disasters/calamities", "*ḥiṣṣay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my arrows", "*ʾăḵalleh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will spend/exhaust/use up", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them/against them" }, "variants": { "*ʾaspeh*": "I will heap up/gather/accumulate", "*rāʿôṯ*": "evils/disasters/calamities/misfortunes", "*ḥiṣṣay*": "my arrows/shafts", "*ʾăḵalleh*": "I will spend/exhaust/consume/use up" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.24", "source": "מְזֵ֥י רָעָ֛ב וּלְחֻ֥מֵי רֶ֖שֶׁף וְקֶ֣טֶב מְרִירִ֑י וְשֶׁן־בְּהֵמוֹת֙ אֲשַׁלַּח־בָּ֔ם עִם־חֲמַ֖ת זֹחֲלֵ֥י עָפָֽר׃", "text": "*məzê* *rāʿāḇ* and-*ləḥumê* *rešep̄* and-*qeṭeḇ* *mərîrî*; and-*šen*-*bəhêmôṯ* *ʾăšallaḥ*-in-them, with-*ḥămaṯ* *zōḥălê* *ʿāp̄ār*.", "grammar": { "*məzê*": "adjective, masculine, plural construct - exhausted of/wasted by", "*rāʿāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - hunger/famine", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ləḥumê*": "adjective, masculine, plural construct - consumed by", "*rešep̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - flame/burning/pestilence", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*qeṭeḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - destruction/plague", "*mərîrî*": "adjective, masculine, singular - bitter/poisonous", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šen*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - tooth of", "*bəhêmôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - beasts/animals", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will send", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ḥămaṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - venom/poison of", "*zōḥălê*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct - crawlers of/those crawling in", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "noun, masculine, singular - dust/soil/earth" }, "variants": { "*məzê*": "exhausted/wasted/sucked dry", "*rāʿāḇ*": "hunger/famine/starvation", "*ləḥumê*": "consumed/devoured/eaten up", "*rešep̄*": "flame/burning/pestilence/plague/fever", "*qeṭeḇ*": "destruction/plague/pestilence", "*mərîrî*": "bitter/poisonous/deadly", "*šen*": "tooth/fangs", "*bəhêmôṯ*": "beasts/animals/large creatures", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send/dispatch/let loose", "*ḥămaṯ*": "venom/poison/fury", "*zōḥălê*": "crawlers/creepers/those who crawl", "*ʿāp̄ār*": "dust/soil/earth/ground" } } 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.25", "source": "מִחוּץ֙ תְּשַׁכֶּל־חֶ֔רֶב וּמֵחֲדָרִ֖ים אֵימָ֑ה גַּם־בָּחוּר֙ גַּם־בְּתוּלָ֔ה יוֹנֵ֖ק עִם־אִ֥ישׁ שֵׂיבָֽה׃", "text": "From-outside *təšakkel*-*ḥereḇ* and-from-chambers *ʾêmāh*; also-*bāḥûr* also-*bəṯûlāh*, *yônêq* with-*ʾîš* *śêḇāh*.", "grammar": { "*miḥûṣ*": "preposition with noun - from outside", "*təšakkel*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will bereave", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine, singular - sword", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mêḥăḏārîm*": "preposition with noun, masculine, plural - from chambers/rooms", "*ʾêmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - terror/horror/dread", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*bāḥûr*": "noun, masculine, singular - young man/chosen one", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*bəṯûlāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - virgin/maiden", "*yônêq*": "noun, masculine, singular - suckling/infant", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - man of", "*śêḇāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - gray hair/old age" }, "variants": { "*təšakkel*": "will bereave/rob/make childless", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/destruction", "*ʾêmāh*": "terror/horror/dread", "*bāḥûr*": "young man/chosen one/youth", "*bəṯûlāh*": "virgin/maiden/unmarried woman", "*yônêq*": "suckling/nursing infant", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*śêḇāh*": "gray hair/old age/hoary head" } } 26 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.26", "source": "אָמַ֖רְתִּי אַפְאֵיהֶ֑ם אַשְׁבִּ֥יתָה מֵאֱנ֖וֹשׁ זִכְרָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾāmartî* *ʾap̄ʾêhem* *ʾašbîṯāh* from-*ʾĕnôš* *ziḵrām*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*ʾap̄ʾêhem*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will scatter them", "*ʾašbîṯāh*": "verb, hifil imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - I will make cease", "*mê*": "preposition - from", "*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/humanity", "*ziḵrām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their remembrance/memory" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/thought/declared", "*ʾap̄ʾêhem*": "I will scatter them/blow them away/make them cease to exist", "*ʾašbîṯāh*": "I will make cease/eliminate/cause to end", "*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/humanity/mortals", "*ziḵrām*": "their remembrance/memory/mention" } } 27 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.27", "source": "לוּלֵ֗י כַּ֤עַס אוֹיֵב֙ אָג֔וּר פֶּֽן־יְנַכְּר֖וּ צָרֵ֑ימוֹ פֶּן־יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ יָדֵ֣ינוּ רָ֔מָה וְלֹ֥א יְהוָ֖ה פָּעַ֥ל כָּל־זֹֽאת׃", "text": "*lûlê* *kaʿas* *ʾôyêḇ* *ʾāgûr*, lest-*yənakkərû* *ṣārêmô*; lest-*yōʾmərû* *yāḏênû* *rāmāh*, and-not *YHWH* *pāʿal* all-this.", "grammar": { "*lûlê*": "conjunction - except for/were it not for", "*kaʿas*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - provocation of", "*ʾôyêḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - enemy", "*ʾāgûr*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - I dreaded/feared", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yənakkərû*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they might misunderstand", "*ṣārêmô*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their adversaries", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest", "*yōʾmərû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would say", "*yāḏênû*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - our hand", "*rāmāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is exalted/high", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*pāʿal*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has done/worked", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - all of", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine, singular - this" }, "variants": { "*lûlê*": "except for/were it not for/had it not been", "*kaʿas*": "provocation/anger/vexation", "*ʾôyêḇ*": "enemy/foe", "*ʾāgûr*": "I dreaded/feared/was worried about", "*yənakkərû*": "they might misunderstand/misinterpret/not recognize", "*ṣārêmô*": "their adversaries/foes/opponents", "*yōʾmərû*": "they would say/declare/claim", "*yāḏênû*": "our hand/power/strength", "*rāmāh*": "is exalted/high/lifted up", "*pāʿal*": "has done/worked/accomplished" } } 28 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.28", "source": "כִּי־ג֛וֹי אֹבַ֥ד עֵצ֖וֹת הֵ֑מָּה וְאֵ֥ין בָּהֶ֖ם תְּבוּנָֽה׃", "text": "For *gôy* *ʾōḇaḏ* *ʿêṣôṯ* *hēmmāh*, and-there-is-not in-them *təḇûnāh*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine, singular - nation", "*ʾōḇaḏ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - perishing/lacking/void of", "*ʿêṣôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - counsels/advice", "*hēmmāh*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*təḇûnāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - understanding/insight/discernment" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*ʾōḇaḏ*": "perishing/lacking/void of/bereft of", "*ʿêṣôṯ*": "counsels/advice/wisdom/plans", "*təḇûnāh*": "understanding/insight/discernment/intelligence" } } 29 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.29", "source": "ל֥וּ חָכְמ֖וּ יַשְׂכִּ֣ילוּ זֹ֑את יָבִ֖ינוּ לְאַחֲרִיתָֽם׃", "text": "If *ḥāḵəmû* they-would-*yaśkîlû* this; they-would-*yāḇînû* to-*ʾaḥărîṯām*.", "grammar": { "*lû*": "conditional particle - if/if only/O that", "*ḥāḵəmû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person, plural - they were wise", "*yaśkîlû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd person, plural - they would consider/understand", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine, singular - this", "*yāḇînû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person, plural - they would discern/understand", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʾaḥărîṯām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their end/outcome/latter state" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḵəmû*": "they were wise/had wisdom", "*yaśkîlû*": "they would consider/understand/comprehend/be prudent about", "*yāḇînû*": "they would discern/understand/perceive", "*ʾaḥărîṯām*": "their end/outcome/latter state/future" } } 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.30", "source": "אֵיכָ֞ה יִרְדֹּ֤ף אֶחָד֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁנַ֖יִם יָנִ֣יסוּ רְבָבָ֑ה אִם־לֹא֙ כִּי־צוּרָ֣ם מְכָרָ֔ם וַֽיהוָ֖ה הִסְגִּירָֽם׃", "text": "How *yirdōp̄* *ʾeḥāḏ* *ʾelep̄*, and-*šənayim* *yānîsû* *rəḇāḇāh*? If-not that-*ṣûrām* *məḵārām*, and-*YHWH* *hisgîrām*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yirdōp̄*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would chase/pursue", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "numeral, masculine, singular - one", "*ʾelep̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - thousand", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*šənayim*": "numeral, masculine, dual - two", "*yānîsû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - would put to flight", "*rəḇāḇāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ten thousand/myriad", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional negative - if not/unless", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ṣûrām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*məḵārām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - sold them", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hisgîrām*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - delivered them up" }, "variants": { "*yirdōp̄*": "would chase/pursue/hunt", "*ʾelep̄*": "thousand/clan", "*yānîsû*": "would put to flight/chase away/cause to flee", "*rəḇāḇāh*": "ten thousand/myriad/multitude", "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/stronghold/refuge", "*məḵārām*": "sold them/handed them over/delivered them", "*hisgîrām*": "delivered them up/surrendered them/handed them over" } } 31 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.31", "source": "כִּ֛י לֹ֥א כְצוּרֵ֖נוּ צוּרָ֑ם וְאֹיְבֵ֖ינוּ פְּלִילִֽים׃", "text": "For not like-*ṣûrênû* *ṣûrām*, and-*ʾōyəḇênû* *pəlîlîm*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ḵə*": "preposition - like/as", "*ṣûrênû*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - our rock", "*ṣûrām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾōyəḇênû*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our enemies", "*pəlîlîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - judges/arbiters" }, "variants": { "*ṣûrênû*": "our rock/our stronghold/our refuge", "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/their stronghold/their refuge", "*ʾōyəḇênû*": "our enemies/our foes", "*pəlîlîm*": "judges/arbiters/umpires/those who decide" } } 32 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.32", "source": "כִּֽי־מִגֶּ֤פֶן סְדֹם֙ גַּפְנָ֔ם וּמִשַּׁדְמֹ֖ת עֲמֹרָ֑ה עֲנָבֵ֙מוֹ֙ עִנְּבֵי־ר֔וֹשׁ אַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת מְרֹרֹ֖ת לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "For from-*gep̄en* *Səḏōm* *gap̄nām*, and-from-*šaḏmōṯ* *ʿĂmōrāh*; *ʿănāḇêmô* *ʿinnəḇê*-*rôš*, *ʾaškəlōṯ* *mərōrōṯ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*gep̄en*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - vine of", "*Səḏōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*gap̄nām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*šaḏmōṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - fields of", "*ʿĂmōrāh*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*ʿănāḇêmô*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their grapes", "*ʿinnəḇê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - grapes of", "*rôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - poison/venom/bitterness", "*ʾaškəlōṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - clusters of", "*mərōrōṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - bitterness/bitter things", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them/for them" }, "variants": { "*gep̄en*": "vine/grapevine", "*gap̄nām*": "their vine/their vineyard", "*šaḏmōṯ*": "fields/vineyards/terraces", "*ʿănāḇêmô*": "their grapes/their fruit", "*ʿinnəḇê*": "grapes of/berries of", "*rôš*": "poison/venom/gall/bitterness", "*ʾaškəlōṯ*": "clusters/bunches", "*mərōrōṯ*": "bitterness/bitter things/gall" } } 33 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.33", "source": "חֲמַ֥ת תַּנִּינִ֖ם יֵינָ֑ם וְרֹ֥אשׁ פְּתָנִ֖ים אַכְזָֽר׃", "text": "*ḥămaṯ* *tannînîm* *yênām*, and-*rōʾš* *pəṯānîm* *ʾaḵzār*.", "grammar": { "*ḥămaṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - venom of", "*tannînîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - serpents/dragons/sea monsters", "*yênām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wine", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - venom of", "*pəṯānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - cobras/asps/vipers", "*ʾaḵzār*": "adjective, masculine, singular - cruel/deadly" }, "variants": { "*ḥămaṯ*": "venom/poison/fury", "*tannînîm*": "serpents/dragons/sea monsters/jackals", "*yênām*": "their wine/their drink", "*rōʾš*": "venom/poison/gall/bitterness", "*pəṯānîm*": "cobras/asps/vipers", "*ʾaḵzār*": "cruel/deadly/merciless" } } 34 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.34", "source": "הֲלֹא־ה֖וּא כָּמֻ֣ס עִמָּדִ֑י חָתֻ֖ם בְּאוֹצְרֹתָֽי׃", "text": "Is-not-it *kāmus* with-me, *ḥāṯum* in-*ʾôṣərōṯāy*?", "grammar": { "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it/he", "*kāmus*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - stored up/hidden", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*ḥāṯum*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine, singular - sealed", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʾôṣərōṯāy*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my treasuries/storehouses" }, "variants": { "*kāmus*": "stored up/hidden/kept secret", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "with me/by me/in my possession", "*ḥāṯum*": "sealed/secured/locked away", "*ʾôṣərōṯāy*": "my treasuries/storehouses/treasures" } } 35 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.35", "source": "לִ֤י נָקָם֙ וְשִׁלֵּ֔ם לְעֵ֖ת תָּמ֣וּט רַגְלָ֑ם כִּ֤י קָרוֹב֙ י֣וֹם אֵידָ֔ם וְחָ֖שׁ עֲתִדֹ֥ת לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "To-me *nāqām* and-*šillēm*, for-time *tāmûṭ* *raḡlām*; for *qārôḇ* *yôm* *ʾêḏām*, and-*ḥāš* *ʿăṯiḏōṯ* for-them.", "grammar": { "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me/for me", "*nāqām*": "noun, masculine, singular - vengeance", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šillēm*": "noun, masculine, singular - recompense/retribution", "*lə*": "preposition - for/at", "*ʿêṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - time of", "*tāmûṭ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - slips/wavers", "*raḡlām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their foot", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - near/imminent", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - day of", "*ʾêḏām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their calamity", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥāš*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastens/hurries", "*ʿăṯiḏōṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - things prepared/destined events", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them/to them" }, "variants": { "*nāqām*": "vengeance/revenge", "*šillēm*": "recompense/retribution/repayment", "*tāmûṭ*": "slips/wavers/totters", "*raḡlām*": "their foot/their step", "*qārôḇ*": "near/imminent/at hand", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*ʾêḏām*": "their calamity/disaster/doom", "*ḥāš*": "hastens/hurries/rushes", "*ʿăṯiḏōṯ*": "things prepared/destined events/what is ready" } } 36 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.36", "source": "כִּֽי־יָדִ֤ין יְהוָה֙ עַמּ֔וֹ וְעַל־עֲבָדָ֖יו יִתְנֶחָ֑ם כִּ֤י יִרְאֶה֙ כִּי־אָ֣זְלַת יָ֔ד וְאֶ֖פֶס עָצ֥וּר וְעָזֽוּב׃", "text": "For *yāḏîn* *YHWH* *ʿammô*, and-concerning-*ʿăḇāḏāyw* *yiṯneḥām*; for *yirʾeh* that-*ʾāzəlaṯ* *yāḏ*, and-nothing *ʿāṣûr* and-*ʿāzûḇ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yāḏîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will judge/vindicate", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/on behalf of", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*yiṯneḥām*": "verb, hitpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will relent/have compassion", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/when", "*yirʾeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will see", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾāzəlaṯ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is gone/exhausted", "*yāḏ*": "noun, feminine, singular - hand/strength", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾep̄es*": "noun, masculine, singular - ceasing/end of", "*ʿāṣûr*": "adjective, masculine, singular passive - confined/restrained", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿāzûḇ*": "adjective, masculine, singular passive - abandoned/forsaken" }, "variants": { "*yāḏîn*": "will judge/vindicate/defend", "*ʿammô*": "his people/his nation", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/his slaves", "*yiṯneḥām*": "will relent/have compassion/comfort himself", "*yirʾeh*": "he will see/observe/perceive", "*ʾāzəlaṯ*": "is gone/exhausted/depleted", "*yāḏ*": "hand/strength/power", "*ʾep̄es*": "ceasing/end of/nothing", "*ʿāṣûr*": "confined/restrained/imprisoned", "*ʿāzûḇ*": "abandoned/forsaken/left behind" } } 37 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.37", "source": "וְאָמַ֖ר אֵ֣י אֱלֹהֵ֑ימוֹ צ֖וּר חָסָ֥יוּ בֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmar* where *ʾĕlōhêmô*, *ṣûr* *ḥāsāyû* in-him?", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will say", "*ʾê*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*ʾĕlōhêmô*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods", "*ṣûr*": "noun, masculine, singular - rock", "*ḥāsāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they sought refuge", "*ḇô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "he will say/ask/declare", "*ʾê*": "where/how", "*ʾĕlōhêmô*": "their gods/their deities", "*ṣûr*": "rock/stronghold/refuge", "*ḥāsāyû*": "they sought refuge/they trusted/they took shelter" } } 38 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.38", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֨ר חֵ֤לֶב זְבָחֵ֙ימוֹ֙ יֹאכֵ֔לוּ יִשְׁתּ֖וּ יֵ֣ין נְסִיכָ֑ם יָק֙וּמוּ֙ וְיַעְזְרֻכֶ֔ם יְהִ֥י עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם סִתְרָֽה׃", "text": "Which *ḥēleḇ* *zəḇāḥêmô* *yōʾḵēlû*, *yištû* *yên* *nəsîḵām*; *yāqûmû* and-*yaʿzəruḵem*, *yəhî* over-you *siṯrāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who", "*ḥēleḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - fat of", "*zəḇāḥêmô*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sacrifices", "*yōʾḵēlû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would eat", "*yištû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they would drink", "*yên*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - wine of", "*nəsîḵām*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their drink offerings", "*yāqûmû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural jussive - let them rise", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yaʿzəruḵem*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - help you", "*yəhî*": "verb, qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it be", "*ʿălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - over you", "*siṯrāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - protection/hiding place" }, "variants": { "*ḥēleḇ*": "fat/best part/choicest part", "*zəḇāḥêmô*": "their sacrifices/their offerings", "*yōʾḵēlû*": "they would eat/consume", "*yištû*": "they would drink/consume", "*yên*": "wine/fermented drink", "*nəsîḵām*": "their drink offerings/their libations", "*yāqûmû*": "let them rise/stand up/arise", "*yaʿzəruḵem*": "help you/assist you/come to your aid", "*yəhî*": "let it be/may it be", "*siṯrāh*": "protection/hiding place/shelter" } } 39 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.39", "source": "רְא֣וּ ׀ עַתָּ֗ה כִּ֣י אֲנִ֤י אֲנִי֙ ה֔וּא וְאֵ֥ין אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּדִ֑י אֲנִ֧י אָמִ֣ית וַאֲחַיֶּ֗ה מָחַ֙צְתִּי֙ וַאֲנִ֣י אֶרְפָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין מִיָּדִ֖י מַצִּֽיל׃", "text": "*Rəʾû* now that *ʾănî* *ʾănî* *hûʾ*, and-there-is-no *ʾĕlōhîm* with-me; *ʾănî* *ʾāmîṯ* and-*ʾăḥayyeh*, *māḥaṣtî* and-*ʾănî* *ʾerpāʾ*, and-there-is-none from-my-hand *maṣṣîl*.", "grammar": { "*rəʾû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine, plural - see/behold", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - gods/God", "*ʿimmāḏî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - with me", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾāmîṯ*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I kill", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾăḥayyeh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I make alive", "*māḥaṣtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have wounded", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*ʾerpāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I heal", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is none", "*miyyāḏî*": "preposition with noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - from my hand", "*maṣṣîl*": "participle, hifil, masculine, singular - one who delivers/rescues" }, "variants": { "*rəʾû*": "see/behold/observe", "*ʾănî* *ʾănî* *hûʾ*": "I, even I, am he/I am the one", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/God/deity", "*ʾāmîṯ*": "I kill/put to death", "*ʾăḥayyeh*": "I make alive/bring to life/revive", "*māḥaṣtî*": "I have wounded/struck/pierced", "*ʾerpāʾ*": "I heal/restore/make whole", "*maṣṣîl*": "one who delivers/rescues/saves" } } 40 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.40", "source": "כִּֽי־אֶשָּׂ֥א אֶל־שָׁמַ֖יִם יָדִ֑י וְאָמַ֕רְתִּי חַ֥י אָנֹכִ֖י לְעֹלָֽם׃", "text": "For *ʾeśśāʾ* to-*šāmayim* *yāḏî*, and-*ʾāmartî* *ḥay* *ʾānōḵî* to-*ʿōlām*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I lift up", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I say", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine, singular - living", "*ʾānōḵî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʿōlām*": "noun, masculine, singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I lift up/raise", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*yāḏî*": "my hand/my arm", "*ʾāmartî*": "I say/declare/swear", "*ḥay*": "living/alive", "*ʿōlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity" } } 41 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.41", "source": "אִם־שַׁנּוֹתִי֙ בְּרַ֣ק חַרְבִּ֔י וְתֹאחֵ֥ז בְּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט יָדִ֑י אָשִׁ֤יב נָקָם֙ לְצָרָ֔י וְלִמְשַׂנְאַ֖י אֲשַׁלֵּֽם׃", "text": "If *šannôṯî* *bəraq* *ḥarbî*, and-*tōʾḥēz* in-*mišpāṭ* *yāḏî*; *ʾāšîḇ* *nāqām* to-*ṣārāy*, and-to-*məśanʾay* *ʾăšallēm*.", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*šannôṯî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I sharpen/whet", "*bəraq*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - lightning/glittering of", "*ḥarbî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sword", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*tōʾḥēz*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - takes hold", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine, singular - judgment", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will return/render", "*nāqām*": "noun, masculine, singular - vengeance", "*lə*": "preposition - to", "*ṣārāy*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*li*": "preposition - to", "*məśanʾay*": "participle, piel, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - those who hate me", "*ʾăšallēm*": "verb, piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will repay" }, "variants": { "*šannôṯî*": "I sharpen/whet/polish", "*bəraq*": "lightning/glittering/flash", "*ḥarbî*": "my sword/my weapon", "*tōʾḥēz*": "takes hold/grasps/seizes", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/righteousness", "*yāḏî*": "my hand/my power", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "I will return/render/pay back", "*nāqām*": "vengeance/retribution", "*ṣārāy*": "my adversaries/enemies/foes", "*məśanʾay*": "those who hate me/my haters", "*ʾăšallēm*": "I will repay/requite/recompense" } } 42 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.42", "source": "אַשְׁכִּ֤יר חִצַּי֙ מִדָּ֔ם וְחַרְבִּ֖י תֹּאכַ֣ל בָּשָׂ֑ר מִדַּ֤ם חָלָל֙ וְשִׁבְיָ֔ה מֵרֹ֖אשׁ פַּרְע֥וֹת אוֹיֵֽב׃", "text": "*ʾaškîr* *ḥiṣṣay* from-*dām*, and-*ḥarbî* *tōʾḵal* *bāśār*; from-*dam* *ḥālāl* and-*šiḇyāh*, from-*rōʾš* *parʿôṯ* *ʾôyêḇ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾaškîr*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will make drunk", "*ḥiṣṣay*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my arrows", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*dām*": "noun, masculine, singular - blood", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥarbî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my sword", "*tōʾḵal*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will devour", "*bāśār*": "noun, masculine, singular - flesh", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*dam*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - blood of", "*ḥālāl*": "noun, masculine, singular - slain/pierced", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šiḇyāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - captivity/captives", "*mê*": "preposition - from", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - head of", "*parʿôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - leaders of", "*ʾôyêḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular - enemy" }, "variants": { "*ʾaškîr*": "I will make drunk/saturate/drench", "*ḥiṣṣay*": "my arrows/my shafts", "*dām*": "blood/lifeblood", "*ḥarbî*": "my sword/my weapon", "*tōʾḵal*": "will devour/consume/eat", "*bāśār*": "flesh/meat/body", "*ḥālāl*": "slain/pierced/wounded", "*šiḇyāh*": "captivity/captives/prisoners", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief", "*parʿôṯ*": "leaders/long-haired ones/princes", "*ʾôyêḇ*": "enemy/foe" } } 43 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.43", "source": "הַרְנִ֤ינוּ גוֹיִם֙ עַמּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י דַם־עֲבָדָ֖יו יִקּ֑וֹם וְנָקָם֙ יָשִׁ֣יב לְצָרָ֔יו וְכִפֶּ֥ר אַדְמָת֖וֹ עַמּֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "*Harnînû* *gôyim* *ʿammô*, for *dam*-*ʿăḇāḏāyw* *yiqqôm*; and-*nāqām* *yāšîḇ* to-*ṣārāyw*, and-*ḵipper* *ʾaḏmāṯô* *ʿammô*.", "grammar": { "*harnînû*": "verb, hifil imperative, masculine, plural - rejoice/sing joyfully", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*dam*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - blood of", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*yiqqôm*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will avenge", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*nāqām*": "noun, masculine, singular - vengeance", "*yāšîḇ*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will return/render", "*lə*": "preposition - to", "*ṣārāyw*": "participle, qal, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his adversaries", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḵipper*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will atone for/cleanse", "*ʾaḏmāṯô*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*harnînû*": "rejoice/sing joyfully/shout with joy", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*ʿammô*": "his people/his nation", "*dam*": "blood/bloodshed", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/his slaves", "*yiqqôm*": "he will avenge/take vengeance", "*nāqām*": "vengeance/retribution", "*yāšîḇ*": "he will return/render/repay", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/his enemies/his foes", "*ḵipper*": "he will atone for/cleanse/purge", "*ʾaḏmāṯô*": "his land/his soil/his territory" } } 44 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.44", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַשִּׁירָֽה־הַזֹּ֖את בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם ה֖וּא וְהוֹשֵׁ֥עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃", "text": "And *wayābōʾ* *Mōšeh* and *wayĕdabbēr* *ʾet*-all-*dibrê* *haššîrâh*-*hazzōʾt* in *ʾoznê* *hāʿām*; he and *Hôšēaʿ* son-of-*Nûn*.", "grammar": { "*wayābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and came", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*wayĕdabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and spoke", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "construct state of *dābār*, masculine plural - words of", "*haššîrâh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the song", "*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + feminine singular demonstrative - this", "*ʾoznê*": "construct state of *ʾōzen*, feminine plural - ears of", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people", "*Hôšēaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*Nûn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Nun" }, "variants": { "*wayābōʾ*": "came/approached/entered", "*wayĕdabbēr*": "spoke/declared/recited", "*dibrê*": "words/sayings/matters", "*hāʿām*": "the people/nation" } } 45 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.45", "source": "וַיְכַ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֗ה לְדַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה אֶל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayĕkal* *Mōšeh* *lĕdabbēr* *ʾet*-all-*haddĕbārîm* *hāʾēlleh* to-all-*Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayĕkal*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and finished", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*lĕdabbēr*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haddĕbārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the words", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective, common plural - these", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayĕkal*": "finished/completed/ended", "*lĕdabbēr*": "to speak/to address/to say", "*haddĕbārîm*": "the words/sayings/matters" } } 46 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.46", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ שִׂ֣ימוּ לְבַבְכֶ֔ם לְכָל־הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֧ר אָנֹכִ֛י מֵעִ֥יד בָּכֶ֖ם הַיּ֑וֹם אֲשֶׁ֤ר תְּצַוֻּם֙ אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֔ם לִשְׁמֹ֣ר לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to-them, *śîmû* *lĕbabkem* to-all-*haddĕbārîm* *ʾăšer* *ʾānōkî* *mēʿîd* in-you *hayyôm*, *ʾăšer* *tĕṣawwūm* *ʾet*-*bĕnêkem* *lišmōr* *laʿăśôt* *ʾet*-all-*dibrê* *hattôrāh* *hazzōʾt*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*śîmû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - set/place", "*lĕbabkem*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*haddĕbārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the words", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*mēʿîd*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - testifying/warning", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*tĕṣawwūm*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural suffix + 3rd masculine plural object - you shall command them", "*bĕnêkem*": "masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*lišmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to keep/observe", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do/perform", "*dibrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of", "*hattôrāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the law/instruction", "*hazzōʾt*": "definite article + feminine singular demonstrative - this" }, "variants": { "*śîmû*": "set/place/direct/fix", "*lĕbabkem*": "your heart/mind/inner self", "*mēʿîd*": "testifying/witnessing/warning", "*lišmōr*": "to keep/guard/observe/preserve", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/make/perform/accomplish", "*hattôrāh*": "the law/teaching/instruction" } } 47 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.47", "source": "כִּ֠י לֹֽא־דָבָ֨ר רֵ֥ק הוּא֙ מִכֶּ֔ם כִּי־ה֖וּא חַיֵּיכֶ֑ם וּבַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה תַּאֲרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ עַל־הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתֶּ֜ם עֹבְרִ֧ים אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "For not-*dābār* *rêq* it from-you, for-it *ḥayyêkem*, and-in-*dābār* *hazzeh* *taʾărîkû* *yāmîm* on-*hāʾădāmāh* *ʾăšer* you *ʿōbrîm* *ʾet*-*hayyardēn* there *lĕrištāh*.", "grammar": { "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/thing/matter", "*rêq*": "adjective, masculine singular - empty/vain", "*ḥayyêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your life", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/thing/matter", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative - this", "*taʾărîkû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will prolong", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*hāʾădāmāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/ground", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿōbrîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - crossing over", "*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*lĕrištāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to possess it" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/command", "*rêq*": "empty/vain/worthless", "*ḥayyêkem*": "your life/livelihood/sustenance", "*taʾărîkû*": "you will prolong/extend/lengthen", "*hāʾădāmāh*": "the land/ground/earth/soil", "*ʿōbrîm*": "crossing over/passing through", "*lĕrištāh*": "to possess it/to inherit it/to take possession of it" } } 48 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.48", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה בְּעֶ֛צֶם הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "And *wayĕdabbēr* *YHWH* to-*Mōšeh* in-*ʿeṣem* *hayyôm* *hazzeh* *lēʾmōr*.", "grammar": { "*wayĕdabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*ʿeṣem*": "construct state, feminine singular noun - substance/essence/same", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative - this", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*wayĕdabbēr*": "and spoke/declared/commanded", "*ʿeṣem*": "substance/very same/exact/bone", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say/commanding" } } 49 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.49", "source": "עֲלֵ֡ה אֶל־הַר֩ הָעֲבָרִ֨ים הַזֶּ֜ה הַר־נְב֗וֹ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרֵח֑וֹ וּרְאֵה֙ אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ כְּנַ֔עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֛ן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לַאֲחֻזָּֽה׃", "text": "*ʿălēh* to-*har* *hāʿăbārîm* *hazzeh* *har*-*Nĕbô* *ʾăšer* in-*ʾereṣ* *Môʾāb* *ʾăšer* on-*pĕnê* *Yĕrēḥô* and-*rĕʾēh* *ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *Kĕnaʿan* *ʾăšer* I *nōtēn* to-*bĕnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *laʾăḥuzzâh*.", "grammar": { "*ʿălēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - go up", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*hāʿăbārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Abarim", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative - this", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*Nĕbô*": "proper noun - Nebo", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*pĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - face/front of", "*Yĕrēḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*rĕʾēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - see", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*Kĕnaʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*nōtēn*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - giving", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*laʾăḥuzzâh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for possession" }, "variants": { "*ʿălēh*": "go up/ascend/climb", "*har*": "mountain/hill/range", "*pĕnê*": "face/front/opposite", "*rĕʾēh*": "see/look at/observe", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/bestowing", "*laʾăḥuzzâh*": "for possession/for property/for inheritance" } } 50 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.50", "source": "וּמֻ֗ת בָּהָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתָּה֙ עֹלֶ֣ה שָׁ֔מָּה וְהֵאָסֵ֖ף אֶל־עַמֶּ֑יךָ כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁר־מֵ֞ת אַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֙יךָ֙ בְּהֹ֣ר הָהָ֔ר וַיֵּאָ֖סֶף אֶל־עַמָּֽיו׃", "text": "And-*mut* in-*hāhar* *ʾăšer* you *ʿōleh* there and-*hēʾāsēp* to-*ʿammeykā* *kaʾăšer*-*mēt* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾāḥîkā* in-*Hōr* *hāhār* and-*wayyēʾāsep* to-*ʿammâw*.", "grammar": { "*mut*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - die", "*hāhar*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the mountain", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿōleh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - going up", "*hēʾāsēp*": "Niphal imperative, masculine singular - be gathered", "*ʿammeykā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your peoples", "*kaʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative pronoun - just as/according to", "*mēt*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*Hōr*": "proper noun - Hor", "*hāhār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the mountain", "*wayyēʾāsep*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and was gathered", "*ʿammâw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his peoples" }, "variants": { "*mut*": "die/perish", "*ʿōleh*": "going up/ascending", "*hēʾāsēp*": "be gathered/be joined/be collected", "*ʿammeykā*": "your peoples/your kinsmen/your ancestors", "*mēt*": "died/expired/passed away", "*wayyēʾāsep*": "and was gathered/and was joined/and was collected" } } 51 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.51", "source": "עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר מְעַלְתֶּ֜ם בִּ֗י בְּתוֹךְ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּמֵֽי־מְרִיבַ֥ת קָדֵ֖שׁ מִדְבַּר־צִ֑ן עַ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־קִדַּשְׁתֶּם֙ אוֹתִ֔י בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "On *ʾăšer* *mĕʿaltem* in-me in-*tôk* *bĕnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* at-*mê*-*Mĕrîbat* *Qādēš* *midbar*-*Ṣin*, on *ʾăšer* not-*qiddaštem* me in-*tôk* *bĕnê* *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that/because", "*mĕʿaltem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you acted unfaithfully", "*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*Mĕrîbat*": "proper noun - Meribah", "*Qādēš*": "proper noun - Kadesh", "*midbar*": "masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*Ṣin*": "proper noun - Zin", "*qiddaštem*": "Piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you sanctified", "*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst of" }, "variants": { "*mĕʿaltem*": "you acted unfaithfully/you trespassed/you broke faith", "*tôk*": "midst/among/within", "*qiddaštem*": "you sanctified/you treated as holy/you honored as holy" } } 52 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.52", "source": "כִּ֥י מִנֶּ֖גֶד תִּרְאֶ֣ה אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְשָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א תָב֔וֹא אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י נֹתֵ֖ן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "For from-*neged* *tirʾeh* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ*, and-there not *tābôʾ* to-*hāʾāreṣ* *ʾăšer*-I *nōtēn* to-*bĕnê* *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*neged*": "preposition - opposite/in front of", "*tirʾeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will see", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*tābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will enter/come", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*nōtēn*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - giving", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*neged*": "opposite/in front of/before", "*tirʾeh*": "you will see/you will view/you will observe", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/the earth/the territory", "*tābôʾ*": "you will enter/you will come/you will go", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/bestowing" } }
• Judg 2:14-17 : 14 { "verseID": "Judges.2.14", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף יְהוָה֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַֽיִּתְּנֵם֙ בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֔ים וַיָּשֹׁ֖סּוּ אוֹתָ֑ם וַֽיִּמְכְּרֵ֞ם בְּיַ֤ד אֽוֹיְבֵיהֶם֙ מִסָּבִ֔יב וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֣וּ ע֔וֹד לַעֲמֹ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י אוֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wayyiḥar*-*ʾap̄* *YHWH* in-*Yiśrāʾēl* and-*wayyitənēm* in-*yaḏ*-*šōsîm* and-*wayyāšōssû* them and-*wayyiməkərēm* in-*yaḏ* *ʾôyəḇêhem* from-around and-not-*yāḵlû* still to-*laʿămōḏ* before *ʾôyəḇêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyiḥar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it burned", "*ʾap̄*": "masculine singular construct - anger/nose of", "*wayyitənēm*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he gave them", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*šōsîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - plunderers", "*wayyāšōssû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they plundered", "*wayyiməkərēm*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he sold them", "*ʾôyəḇêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*yāḵlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they were able", "*laʿămōḏ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition ל - to stand", "*ʾôyəḇêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies" }, "variants": { "*wayyiḥar*-*ʾap̄*": "the anger burned/was kindled/became hot", "*wayyitənēm*": "he gave them/delivered them", "*yaḏ*": "hand of/power of/control of", "*šōsîm*": "plunderers/raiders/spoilers", "*wayyāšōssû*": "they plundered/raided/despoiled", "*wayyiməkərēm*": "he sold them/handed them over", "*ʾôyəḇêhem*": "their enemies/adversaries/foes", "*yāḵlû*": "they were able/could/had power", "*laʿămōḏ*": "to stand/withstand/resist" } } 15 { "verseID": "Judges.2.15", "source": "בְּכֹ֣ל ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָצְא֗וּ יַד־יְהוָה֙ הָיְתָה־בָּ֣ם לְרָעָ֔ה כַּֽאֲשֶׁר֙ דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה וְכַאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֥צֶר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "In-all that *yāṣəʾû* *yaḏ*-*YHWH* *hāyətāh*-against-them for-*rāʿāh* as *dibber* *YHWH* and-as *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to-them and-*wayyēṣer* to-them very", "grammar": { "*yāṣəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they went out", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it was", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/harm", "*dibber*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spoke", "*nišbaʿ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he swore", "*wayyēṣer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was distressing" }, "variants": { "*yāṣəʾû*": "they went out/went forth", "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/agency", "*hāyətāh*": "was/became/existed", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/distress", "*dibber*": "he spoke/said/declared", "*nišbaʿ*": "he swore/took an oath", "*wayyēṣer*": "it was distressing/troubling/narrow" } } 16 { "verseID": "Judges.2.16", "source": "וַיָּ֥קֶם יְהוָ֖ה שֹֽׁפְטִ֑ים וַיּ֣וֹשִׁיע֔וּם מִיַּ֖ד שֹׁסֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wayyāqem* *YHWH* *šōp̄əṭîm* and-*wayyôšîʿûm* from-*yaḏ* *šōsêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyāqem*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he raised up", "*šōp̄əṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - judges", "*wayyôšîʿûm*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they saved them", "*yaḏ*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*šōsêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their plunderers" }, "variants": { "*wayyāqem*": "he raised up/established/appointed", "*šōp̄əṭîm*": "judges/leaders/deliverers", "*wayyôšîʿûm*": "they saved them/delivered them/rescued them", "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/control", "*šōsêhem*": "their plunderers/despoilers/raiders" } } 17 { "verseID": "Judges.2.17", "source": "וְגַ֤ם אֶל־שֹֽׁפְטֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א שָׁמֵ֔עוּ כִּ֣י זָנ֗וּ אֽ͏ַחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֜רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָלְכ֧וּ אֲבוֹתָ֛ם לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ מִצְוֺת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹא־עָ֥שׂוּ כֵֽן׃", "text": "And-also to-*šōp̄əṭêhem* not *šāmēʿû* because *zānû* after *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and-*wayyištaḥăwû* to-them *sārû* quickly from-the-*dereḵ* which *hāləḵû* *ʾăḇôtām* to-*lišmōaʿ* *miṣwōt*-*YHWH* not-*ʿāśû* so", "grammar": { "*šōp̄əṭêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their judges", "*šāmēʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they listened", "*zānû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they played the harlot", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "waw-consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they bowed down", "*sārû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they turned aside", "*dereḵ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the way", "*hāləḵû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they walked", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*lišmōaʿ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition ל - to hear", "*miṣwōt*": "feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they did" }, "variants": { "*šōp̄əṭêhem*": "their judges/leaders", "*šāmēʿû*": "they listened/heard/obeyed", "*zānû*": "they played the harlot/were unfaithful/prostituted themselves", "*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "they bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshipped", "*sārû*": "they turned aside/departed/deviated", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/road", "*hāləḵû*": "they walked/went/followed", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "their fathers/ancestors", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to hear/listen to/obey", "*miṣwōt*": "commandments/precepts/ordinances", "*ʿāśû*": "they did/made/performed" } }
• Judg 6:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Judges.6.10", "source": "וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָכֶ֗ם אֲנִי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֔ם לֹ֤א תִֽירְאוּ֙ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתֶּ֖ם יוֹשְׁבִ֣ים בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וְלֹ֥א שְׁמַעְתֶּ֖ם בְּקוֹלִֽי׃", "text": "And *wāʾōmərâ* to you *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* not *tîrəʾû* *ʾet-ʾĕlōhê* *hāʾĕmōrî* *ʾăšer* you *yôšəbîm* in *ʾarṣām* and not *šəmaʿtem* in *qôlî*", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmərâ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*tîrəʾû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you shall fear", "*ʾet-ʾĕlōhê*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorites", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/whom", "*yôšəbîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - dwelling/sitting", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their land", "*šəmaʿtem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - you listened/heard", "*qôlî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my voice" }, "variants": { "*tîrəʾû*": "fear/be afraid of/reverence", "*yôšəbîm*": "dwelling/residing/sitting/inhabiting", "*šəmaʿtem*": "listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôlî*": "my voice/my command/my word" } }
• 1 Kgs 11:4 : 4 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.4", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י לְעֵת֙ זִקְנַ֣ת שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה נָשָׁיו֙ הִטּ֣וּ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה לְבָב֤וֹ שָׁלֵם֙ עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו כִּלְבַ֖ב דָּוִ֥יד אָבִֽיו׃", "text": "And-*wayehī* at-*ʿēt* *ziqnat* *Shelomoh*, his-*nāshāyw* *hiṭṭū* *ʾet*-his-*leḇāḇō* after *ʾĕlōhīm* *ʾăḥērīm*; and-not-*hāyāh* his-*leḇāḇō* *shālēm* with-*YHWH* his-*ʾĕlōhāyw* like-*leḇaḇ* *Dāwīd* his-*ʾāḇīw*.", "grammar": { "*wayehī*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it was/happened", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - time of", "*ziqnat*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - old age of", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*nāshāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wives", "*hiṭṭū*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they turned aside/inclined", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*leḇāḇō*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ʾĕlōhīm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - gods", "*ʾăḥērīm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - other/foreign", "*hāyāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was", "*shālēm*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - complete/whole/fully devoted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his God", "*leḇaḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - heart of", "*Dāwīd*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*ʾāḇīw*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father" }, "variants": { "*hiṭṭū*": "turned aside/inclined/influenced", "*leḇāḇō*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*shālēm*": "complete/perfect/fully devoted/undivided" } }
• 1 Kgs 15:3 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Kings.15.3", "source": "וַיֵּ֕לֶךְ בְּכָל־חַטֹּ֥אות אָבִ֖יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה לְפָנָ֑יו וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה לְבָב֤וֹ שָׁלֵם֙ עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֔יו כִּלְבַ֖ב דָּוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yēlek* in-all-*ḥaṭṭōʾôt* *ʾāvîw* that-*ʿāśâ* before-him and-not-*hāyâ* *lәvāvô* *shālēm* with-*yhwh* *ʾĕlōhāyw* like-*lәvav* *dāwid* *ʾāvîw*.", "grammar": { "*yēlek*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he walked/went", "*ḥaṭṭōʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct with prefixed preposition bә- (in) - sins of", "*ʾāvîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ʿāśâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made", "*hāyâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with negation lōʾ- - was not", "*lәvāvô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*shālēm*": "adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole/at peace", "*yhwh*": "divine name with prefixed preposition ʿim- (with) - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his God", "*lәvav*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition kә- (like/as) - heart of", "*dāwid*": "proper name - David", "*ʾāvîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father" }, "variants": { "*yēlek*": "walked/went/followed", "*ḥaṭṭōʾôt*": "sins/offenses", "*ʾāvîw*": "his father", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/committed", "*hāyâ*": "was/existed", "*lәvāvô*": "his heart", "*shālēm*": "complete/whole/loyal/at peace/perfect", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his God", "*lәvav*": "heart/mind/inner person" } }
• 2 Kgs 16:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Kings.16.2", "source": "בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ אָחָ֣ז בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְשֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְלֹא־עָשָׂ֣ה הַיָּשָׁ֗ר בְּעֵינֵ֛י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָ֖יו כְּדָוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו", "text": "*ben-ʿeśrîm* *šānā* *ʾāḥāz* *bəmālḵô* *wə-šēš-ʿeśrê* *šānā* *mālaḵ* in *yərûšālāim* *wə-lōʾ*-*ʿāśā* the *hayyāšār* in *ʿênê* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhāyw* like *dāwiḏ* *ʾāḇîw*", "grammar": { "*ben-ʿeśrîm*": "construct + numeral - son of twenty/twenty years old", "*šānā*": "feminine singular - year", "*ʾāḥāz*": "proper name - Ahaz", "*bəmālḵô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his becoming king/when he became king", "*wə-šēš-ʿeśrê*": "conjunction + numeral - and sixteen", "*mālaḵ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he reigned", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʿāśā*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did", "*hayyāšār*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the right/straight", "*ʿênê*": "construct plural of *ʿayin* - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his God", "*dāwiḏ*": "proper name - David", "*ʾāḇîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father" }, "variants": { "*hayyāšār*": "the right/straight/upright/good/pleasing", "*ʿênê*": "eyes of/in the sight of" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:35 : 35 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.35", "source": "וַיִּכְרֹ֨ת יְהוָ֤ה אִתָּם֙ בְּרִ֔ית וַיְצַוֵּ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תִֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְלֹא־תִשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם וְלֹ֣א תַעַבְד֔וּם וְלֹ֥א תִזְבְּח֖וּ לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yikrōt* *YHWH* *ʾittām* *bərît* *wa-yəṣawwēm* *lēmōr* *lōʾ* *tîrəʾû* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* *wə-lōʾ*-*tištaḥăwû* *lāhem* *wə-lōʾ* *taʿabdûm* *wə-lōʾ* *tizbəḥû* *lāhem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yikrōt*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he cut/made", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾittām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*bərît*": "feminine singular noun - covenant", "*wa-yəṣawwēm*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he commanded them", "*lēmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tîrəʾû*": "Qal imperfect 2mp - you shall fear", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tištaḥăwû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 2mp - you shall bow down", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*taʿabdûm*": "Qal imperfect 2mp + 3mp suffix - you shall serve them", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 2mp - you shall sacrifice", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yikrōt bərît*": "made a covenant/cut a covenant (idiom)", "*tîrəʾû*": "fear/revere/worship", "*tištaḥăwû*": "bow down to/prostrate before/worship" } }
• 2 Chr 36:5 : 5 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.5", "source": "בֶּן־עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וְחָמֵ֤שׁ שָׁנָה֙ יְהוֹיָקִ֣ים בְּמָלְכ֔וֹ וְאַחַ֤ת עֶשְׂרֵה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה מָלַ֖ךְ בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הָרַ֔ע בְּעֵינֵ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "Son-of-*ʿeśrîm* and-*ḥāmēš* *šānâ* *yəhôyāqîm* in-his-*mālĕkô* and-one *ʿeśrēh* *šānâ* *mālak* in-*yərûšālāim* and *wayyaʿaś* *hāraʿ* in-eyes-of *yhwh* his-*ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿeśrîm*": "cardinal number - twenty", "*ḥāmēš*": "cardinal number - five", "*šānâ*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*yəhôyāqîm*": "proper noun - Jehoiakim", "*bĕmālĕkô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his becoming king", "*ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number - ten", "*mālak*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he reigned", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun with locative preposition - in Jerusalem", "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he did", "*hāraʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the evil", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his God" }, "variants": { "*hāraʿ*": "the evil/wickedness/what was displeasing" } }
• 2 Chr 36:14-16 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.14", "source": "גַּ֠ם כָּל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַכֹּהֲנִ֤ים וְהָעָם֙ הִרְבּ֣וּ לִמְעָול־מַ֔עַל כְּכֹ֖ל תֹּעֲב֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽיְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִקְדִּ֖ישׁ בִּירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "Also all-*śārê* the-*kōhănîm* and-the-*ʿām* *hirbû* to-*limĕʿôl-maʿal* like-all *tôʿăbôt* the-*gôyim* and *wayĕṭammĕʾû* *ʾet-bêt* *yhwh* which *hiqdîš* in-*yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct noun - chiefs/officials of", "*kōhănîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the priests", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*hirbû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - they increased/multiplied", "*limĕʿôl-maʿal*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition + masculine singular noun - to act unfaithfully with unfaithfulness", "*tôʿăbôt*": "feminine plural construct noun - abominations of", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the nations", "*wayĕṭammĕʾû*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they defiled", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct noun - house of", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*hiqdîš*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he sanctified", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun with locative preposition - in Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*hirbû*": "increased/multiplied/did abundantly", "*limĕʿôl-maʿal*": "to act unfaithfully/to commit treachery/to transgress", "*tôʿăbôt*": "abominations/detestable practices/repulsive acts", "*wayĕṭammĕʾû*": "they defiled/they made unclean/they polluted" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.15", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֡ח יְהוָה֩ אֱלֹהֵ֨י אֲבוֹתֵיהֶ֧ם עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם בְּיַ֥ד מַלְאָכָ֖יו הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְשָׁל֑וֹחַ כִּֽי־חָמַ֥ל עַל־עַמּ֖וֹ וְעַל־מְעוֹנֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *yhwh* *ʾĕlōhê* their-*ʾăbôtêhem* to-them by-hand-of his-*malʾākāyw* *haškēm* and-*šālôaḥ* because-he-*ḥāmal* on-his-*ʿammô* and-on-his-*mĕʿônô*", "grammar": { "*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct noun - God of", "*ʾăbôtêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*malʾākāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his messengers", "*haškēm*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - rising early", "*šālôaḥ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - sending", "*ḥāmal*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he had compassion", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*mĕʿônô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his dwelling place" }, "variants": { "*haškēm*": "rising early/persistently/repeatedly", "*šālôaḥ*": "sending/dispatching/commissioning", "*ḥāmal*": "had compassion/had pity/spared", "*mĕʿônô*": "his dwelling place/his habitation/his sanctuary" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.36.16", "source": "וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ מַלְעִבִים֙ בְּמַלְאֲכֵ֣י הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וּבוֹזִ֣ים דְּבָרָ֔יו וּמִֽתַּעְתְּעִ֖ים בִּנְבִאָ֑יו עַ֠ד עֲל֧וֹת חֲמַת־יְהוָ֛ה בְּעַמּ֖וֹ עַד־לְאֵ֥ין מַרְפֵּֽא׃", "text": "And *wayyihyû* *malʿibîm* with-*malʾăkê* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* and-*bôzîm* his-*dĕbārāyw* and-*mitaʿtĕʿîm* with-his-*nĕbiʾāyw* until *ʿălôt* *ḥămat-yhwh* on-his-*ʿammô* until-to-no *marpēʾ*", "grammar": { "*wayyihyû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they were", "*malʿibîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - mocking", "*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct noun - messengers of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God", "*bôzîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - despising", "*dĕbārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his words", "*mitaʿtĕʿîm*": "Hitpael participle masculine plural - mocking/scoffing", "*nĕbiʾāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his prophets", "*ʿălôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - rising of", "*ḥămat-yhwh*": "construct chain - wrath of YHWH", "*ʿammô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*marpēʾ*": "masculine singular noun - healing/remedy" }, "variants": { "*malʿibîm*": "mocking/scoffing/ridiculing", "*bôzîm*": "despising/disdaining/holding in contempt", "*mitaʿtĕʿîm*": "mocking/scoffing/deriding", "*ḥămat*": "wrath/anger/fury" } }
• Exod 14:15-30 : 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מַה־תִּצְעַ֖ק אֵלָ֑י דַּבֵּ֥ר אֶל־בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וְיִסָּֽעוּ", "text": "*wa-yyōmer* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *mah*-*tiṣʿaq* *ʾēlāy* *dabbēr* *ʾel*-*bənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *wə-yissāʿû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*mah*": "interrogative - why", "*tiṣʿaq*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you cry out", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition + 1st common singular suffix - to me", "*dabbēr*": "Piel imperative, masculine singular - speak", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə-yissāʿû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall set out" }, "variants": { "*mah-tiṣʿaq*": "why do you cry out?/what are you crying to me for?", "*dabbēr*": "speak/tell", "*wə-yissāʿû*": "and they shall set out/and they shall move forward/and they shall journey" } } 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.16", "source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה הָרֵ֣ם אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֗ וּנְטֵ֧ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֛ עַל־הַיָּ֖ם וּבְקָעֵ֑הוּ וְיָבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָֽׁה", "text": "*wə-ʾattāh* *hārēm* *ʾeṯ*-*maṭṭəḵā* *û-nəṭēh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādəḵā* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *û-ḇəqāʿēhû* *wə-yāḇōʾû* *ḇənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām* *ba-yabbāšāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - and you", "*hārēm*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - lift up", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*maṭṭəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff", "*û-nəṭēh*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine singular - and stretch out", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*û-ḇəqāʿēhû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and divide it", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall come/go", "*ḇənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - into the midst of", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*ba-yabbāšāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land" }, "variants": { "*hārēm*": "lift up/raise", "*maṭṭəḵā*": "your staff/your rod", "*û-nəṭēh*": "and stretch out/and extend", "*û-ḇəqāʿēhû*": "and divide it/and split it", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "and they shall come/and they shall go/and they shall enter", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "into the midst of/through", "*ba-yabbāšāh*": "on the dry land/on dry ground" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.17", "source": "וַאֲנִ֗י הִנְנִ֤י מְחַזֵּק֙ אֶת־לֵ֣ב מִצְרַ֔יִם וְיָבֹ֖אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וְאִכָּבְדָ֤ה בְּפַרְעֹה֙ וּבְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ בְּרִכְבּ֖וֹ וּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו", "text": "*wa-ʾănî* *hinənî* *məḥazzēq* *ʾeṯ*-*lēḇ* *Miṣrayim* *wə-yāḇōʾû* *ʾaḥărêhem* *wə-ʾikkāḇdāh* *bə-Pharʿōh* *û-ḇəḵol*-*ḥêlô* *bə-riḵbô* *û-ḇəphārāšâw*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + pronoun, 1st common singular - and I", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold, I", "*məḥazzēq*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - strengthening/hardening", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall come/go", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - and I will be honored", "*bə-Pharʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - through Pharaoh", "*û-ḇəḵol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and through all", "*ḥêlô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his army", "*bə-riḵbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - through his chariots", "*û-ḇəphārāšâw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and through his horsemen" }, "variants": { "*hinənî*": "behold, I/here I am", "*məḥazzēq*": "strengthening/hardening/making strong", "*wə-yāḇōʾû*": "and they shall come/and they shall go/and they shall enter", "*wə-ʾikkāḇdāh*": "and I will be honored/and I will gain glory", "*ḥêlô*": "his army/his forces/his host" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.18", "source": "וְיָדְע֥וּ מִצְרַ֖יִם כִּי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה בְּהִכָּבְדִ֣י בְּפַרְעֹ֔ה בְּרִכְבּ֖וֹ וּבְפָרָשָֽׁיו", "text": "*wə-yādəʿû* *Miṣrayim* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH* *bə-hikkāḇdî* *bə-Pharʿōh* *bə-riḵbô* *û-ḇəphārāšâw*", "grammar": { "*wə-yādəʿû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will know", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st common singular - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*bə-hikkāḇdî*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct + 1st common singular suffix - when I am honored", "*bə-Pharʿōh*": "preposition + proper noun - through Pharaoh", "*bə-riḵbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - through his chariots", "*û-ḇəphārāšâw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and through his horsemen" }, "variants": { "*wə-yādəʿû*": "and they will know/and they shall know", "*kî-ʾănî YHWH*": "that I am YHWH (the LORD)", "*bə-hikkāḇdî*": "when I am honored/when I gain glory", "*bə-riḵbô*": "through his chariots/by his chariots" } } 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.19", "source": "וַיִּסַּ֞ע מַלְאַ֣ךְ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים הַהֹלֵךְ֙ לִפְנֵי֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּסַּ֞ע עַמּ֤וּד הֶֽעָנָן֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיּֽ͏ַעֲמֹ֖ד מֵאַחֲרֵיהֶֽם", "text": "*wa-yissaʿ* *malʾaḵ* *hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *ha-hōlēḵ* *liphnê* *maḥănēh* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wa-yêleḵ* *mē-ʾaḥărêhem* *wa-yissaʿ* *ʿammûd* *he-ʿānān* *mi-ppənêhem* *wa-yaʿămōd* *mē-ʾaḥărêhem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yissaʿ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and journeyed/moved", "*malʾaḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - angel/messenger of", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - God", "*ha-hōlēḵ*": "article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the one going", "*liphnê*": "preposition + noun, construct - before", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-yêleḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*mē-ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from behind them", "*wa-yissaʿ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and journeyed/moved", "*ʿammûd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - pillar of", "*he-ʿānān*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud", "*mi-ppənêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from before them", "*wa-yaʿămōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood", "*mē-ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - behind them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yissaʿ*": "and journeyed/and moved/and traveled", "*malʾaḵ hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "the angel of God/the messenger of God", "*ha-hōlēḵ*": "the one going/who was going/who went", "*wa-yêleḵ*": "and he went/and he moved", "*ʿammûd he-ʿānān*": "the pillar of cloud", "*wa-yaʿămōd*": "and stood/and took position" } } 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.20", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֞א בֵּ֣ין ׀ מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֗יִם וּבֵין֙ מַחֲנֵ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְהִ֤י הֶֽעָנָן֙ וְהַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וַיָּ֖אֶר אֶת־הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְלֹא־קָרַ֥ב זֶ֛ה אֶל־זֶ֖ה כָּל־הַלָּֽיְלָה", "text": "*wa-yyāḇōʾ* *bên* *maḥănēh* *Miṣrayim* *û-ḇên* *maḥănēh* *Yiśrāʾēl* *wa-yəhî* *he-ʿānān* *wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ* *wa-yyāʾer* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-lāylāh* *wə-lōʾ*-*qāraḇ* *zeh* *ʾel*-*zeh* *kol*-*ha-lāylāh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*û-ḇên*": "conjunction + preposition - and between", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and there was", "*he-ʿānān*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud", "*wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine singular - and the darkness", "*wa-yyāʾer*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it gave light to", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ha-lāylāh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*qāraḇ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - approached", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*ha-lāylāh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyāḇōʾ*": "and it came/and it entered/and it went", "*wa-yəhî*": "and there was/and it became", "*he-ʿānān wə-ha-ḥōšeḵ*": "the cloud and the darkness", "*wa-yyāʾer*": "and it gave light to/and it illuminated", "*wə-lōʾ-qāraḇ*": "and did not approach/and did not come near", "*zeh ʾel-zeh*": "this to that/one to the other" } } 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.21", "source": "וַיֵּ֨ט מֹשֶׁ֣ה אֶת־יָדוֹ֮ עַל־הַיָּם֒ וַיּ֣וֹלֶךְ יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֶת־הַ֠יָּם בְּר֨וּחַ קָדִ֤ים עַזָּה֙ כָּל־הַלַּ֔יְלָה וַיָּ֥שֶׂם אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם לֶחָרָבָ֑ה וַיִּבָּקְע֖וּ הַמָּֽיִם", "text": "*wa-yyēṭ* *Mōšeh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādô* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wa-yyôleḵ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yām* *bə-rûaḥ* *qādîm* *ʿazzāh* *kol*-*ha-laylāh* *wa-yyāśem* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-yām* *le-ḥārāḇāh* *wa-yyibbāqəʿû* *ha-māyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*wa-yyôleḵ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to go", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*bə-rûaḥ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by a wind of", "*qādîm*": "noun, masculine singular - east", "*ʿazzāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - strong", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*ha-laylāh*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*wa-yyāśem*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*le-ḥārāḇāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - into dry land", "*wa-yyibbāqəʿû*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were divided", "*ha-māyim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyēṭ*": "and he stretched out/and he extended", "*wa-yyôleḵ*": "and he caused to go/and he drove back", "*bə-rûaḥ qādîm ʿazzāh*": "by a strong east wind", "*wa-yyāśem*": "and he made/and he turned", "*le-ḥārāḇāh*": "into dry land/into dry ground", "*wa-yyibbāqəʿû*": "and they were divided/and they were split" } } 22 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.22", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וְהַמַּ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ חֹמָ֔ה מִֽימִינָ֖ם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם", "text": "*wa-yyāḇōʾû* *ḇənê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām* *ba-yyabbāšāh* *wə-ha-mmayim* *lāhem* *ḥōmāh* *mî-mînām* *û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came/went", "*ḇənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - into the midst of", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land", "*wə-ha-mmayim*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine plural - and the waters", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*ḥōmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wall", "*mî-mînām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their right", "*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on their left" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "and they came/and they went/and they entered", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "into the midst of/through", "*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "on the dry land/on dry ground", "*ḥōmāh*": "wall/barrier", "*mî-mînām*": "on their right/at their right side", "*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "and on their left/and at their left side" } } 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.23", "source": "וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֚ל ס֣וּס פַּרְעֹ֔ה רִכְבּ֖וֹ וּפָרָשָׁ֑יו אֶל־תּ֖וֹךְ הַיָּֽם", "text": "*wa-yyirdəphû* *Miṣrayim* *wa-yyāḇōʾû* *ʾaḥărêhem* *kōl* *sûs* *Parʿōh* *riḵbô* *û-phārāšâw* *ʾel*-*tôḵ* *ha-yām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyirdəphû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came/went", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all", "*sûs*": "noun, masculine singular construct - horses of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*riḵbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots", "*û-phārāšâw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his horsemen", "*ʾel*": "preposition - into", "*tôḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyirdəphû*": "and they pursued/and they chased", "*wa-yyāḇōʾû*": "and they came/and they went/and they entered", "*kōl sûs Parʿōh*": "all Pharaoh's horses", "*riḵbô û-phārāšâw*": "his chariots and his horsemen", "*ʾel-tôḵ*": "into the midst of/into" } } 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.24", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ בְּאַשְׁמֹ֣רֶת הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיַּשְׁקֵ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מַחֲנֵ֣ה מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּעַמּ֥וּד אֵ֖שׁ וְעָנָ֑ן וַיָּ֕הָם אֵ֖ת מַחֲנֵ֥ה מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "*wa-yəhî* *bə-ʾašmōreṯ* *ha-bōqer* *wa-yyašqēph* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*maḥănēh* *Miṣrayim* *bə-ʿammûd* *ʾēš* *wə-ʿānān* *wa-yyāhom* *ʾēṯ* *maḥănēh* *Miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*bə-ʾašmōreṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the watch of", "*ha-bōqer*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the morning", "*wa-yyašqēph*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he looked down", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾel*": "preposition - upon", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*bə-ʿammûd*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the pillar of", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*wə-ʿānān*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and cloud", "*wa-yyāhom*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he confused", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians" }, "variants": { "*wa-yəhî*": "and it came to pass/and it happened", "*bə-ʾašmōreṯ ha-bōqer*": "in the morning watch", "*wa-yyašqēph*": "and he looked down/and he gazed/and he observed", "*bə-ʿammûd ʾēš wə-ʿānān*": "in the pillar of fire and cloud", "*wa-yyāhom*": "and he confused/and he troubled/and he threw into panic" } } 25 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.25", "source": "וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "*wa-yyāsar* *ʾēṯ* *ʾōphan* *markəḇōṯâw* *wa-yənahăḡēhû* *bi-ḵəḇēduṯ* *wa-yyōʾmer* *Miṣrayim* *ʾānûsāh* *mi-ppənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *YHWH* *nilḥām* *lāhem* *bə-Miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyāsar*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he removed", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾōphan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wheel of", "*markəḇōṯâw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots", "*wa-yənahăḡēhû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and drove it", "*bi-ḵəḇēduṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with heaviness/difficulty", "*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*ʾānûsāh*": "Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - let me flee", "*mi-ppənê*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - from before", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*nilḥām*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - fighting", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*bə-Miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Egypt/Egyptians" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyāsar*": "and he removed/and he took off", "*ʾōphan markəḇōṯâw*": "the wheel of his chariots/the wheels of his chariots", "*wa-yənahăḡēhû*": "and drove it/and he led it", "*bi-ḵəḇēduṯ*": "with heaviness/with difficulty/clumsily", "*ʾānûsāh*": "let me flee/I will flee", "*nilḥām*": "fighting/is fighting", "*bə-Miṣrāyim*": "against Egypt/against the Egyptians" } } 26 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.26", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה נְטֵ֥ה אֶת־יָדְךָ֖ עַל־הַיָּ֑ם וְיָשֻׁ֤בוּ הַמַּ֙יִם֙ עַל־מִצְרַ֔יִם עַל־רִכְבּ֖וֹ וְעַל־פָּרָשָֽׁיו", "text": "*wa-yyōmer* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *nəṭēh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādəḵā* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wə-yāšuḇû* *ha-mmayim* *ʿal*-*Miṣrayim* *ʿal*-*riḵbô* *wə-ʿal*-*pārāšâw*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*wə-yāšuḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will return", "*ha-mmayim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*riḵbô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*pārāšâw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his horsemen" }, "variants": { "*nəṭēh*": "stretch out/extend", "*wə-yāšuḇû*": "and they will return/and they will come back", "*ʿal-Miṣrayim*": "upon Egypt/upon the Egyptians", "*ʿal-riḵbô*": "upon his chariots/over his chariots" } } 27 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.27", "source": "וַיֵּט֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה אֶת־יָד֜וֹ עַל־הַיָּ֗ם וַיָּ֨שָׁב הַיָּ֜ם לִפְנ֥וֹת בֹּ֙קֶר֙ לְאֵ֣יתָנ֔וֹ וּמִצְרַ֖יִם נָסִ֣ים לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וַיְנַעֵ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם", "text": "*wa-yyēṭ* *Mōšeh* *ʾeṯ*-*yādô* *ʿal*-*ha-yām* *wa-yyāšoḇ* *ha-yām* *li-phnôṯ* *bōqer* *lə-ʾêṯānô* *û-Miṣrayim* *nāsîm* *li-qrāʾṯô* *wa-yənaʿēr* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*wa-yyāšoḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it returned", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*li-phnôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - at the turning of", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*lə-ʾêṯānô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to its strength", "*û-Miṣrayim*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Egypt/Egyptians", "*nāsîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - fleeing", "*li-qrāʾṯô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet it", "*wa-yənaʿēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shook off", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyēṭ*": "and he stretched out/and he extended", "*wa-yyāšoḇ*": "and it returned/and it came back", "*li-phnôṯ bōqer*": "at the turning of morning/at daybreak", "*lə-ʾêṯānô*": "to its strength/to its normal state/to its place", "*nāsîm*": "fleeing/running", "*li-qrāʾṯô*": "to meet it/toward it", "*wa-yənaʿēr*": "and he shook off/and he overthrew/and he tossed" } } 28 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.28", "source": "וַיָּשֻׁ֣בוּ הַמַּ֗יִם וַיְכַסּ֤וּ אֶת־הָרֶ֙כֶב֙ וְאֶת־הַפָּ֣רָשִׁ֔ים לְכֹל֙ חֵ֣יל פַּרְעֹ֔ה הַבָּאִ֥ים אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּיָּ֑ם לֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֥ר בָּהֶ֖ם עַד־אֶחָֽד", "text": "*wa-yyāšuḇû* *ha-mmayim* *wa-yəḵassû* *ʾeṯ*-*hā-reḵeḇ* *wə-ʾeṯ*-*ha-ppārāšîm* *lə-ḵōl* *ḥêl* *Parʿōh* *ha-bbāʾîm* *ʾaḥărêhem* *ba-yyām* *lōʾ*-*nišʾar* *bāhem* *ʿad*-*ʾeḥād*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyāšuḇû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned", "*ha-mmayim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the waters", "*wa-yəḵassû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they covered", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hā-reḵeḇ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the chariots", "*wə-ʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ha-ppārāšîm*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the horsemen", "*lə-ḵōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for all", "*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - army of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ha-bbāʾîm*": "article + Qal participle, masculine plural - the ones coming", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*ba-yyām*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the sea", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - remained", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - among them", "*ʿad*": "preposition - even", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyāšuḇû*": "and they returned/and they came back", "*wa-yəḵassû*": "and they covered/and they overwhelmed", "*hā-reḵeḇ*": "the chariots/the chariotry", "*ha-bbāʾîm*": "who came/who had come/who were coming", "*lōʾ-nišʾar*": "there remained not/there was not left", "*ʿad-ʾeḥād*": "even one/so much as one" } } 29 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.29", "source": "וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָלְכ֥וּ בַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיָּ֑ם וְהַמַּ֤יִם לָהֶם֙ חֹמָ֔ה מִֽימִינָ֖ם וּמִשְּׂמֹאלָֽם", "text": "*û-ḇnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *hāləḵû* *ḇa-yyabbāšāh* *bə-ṯôḵ* *ha-yām* *wə-ha-mmayim* *lāhem* *ḥōmāh* *mî-mînām* *û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*", "grammar": { "*û-ḇnê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hāləḵû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they walked/went", "*ḇa-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*wə-ha-mmayim*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine plural - and the waters", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*ḥōmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wall", "*mî-mînām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their right", "*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and on their left" }, "variants": { "*hāləḵû*": "they walked/they went", "*ḇa-yyabbāšāh*": "on the dry land/on dry ground", "*bə-ṯôḵ*": "in the midst of/through", "*ḥōmāh*": "wall/barrier", "*mî-mînām*": "on their right/at their right side", "*û-mi-śśəmōʾlām*": "and on their left/and at their left side" } } 30 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.30", "source": "וַיּ֨וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֜ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֛וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִיַּ֣ד מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיַּ֤רְא יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת־מִצְרַ֔יִם מֵ֖ת עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיָּֽם", "text": "*wa-yyôšaʿ* *YHWH* *ba-yyôm* *ha-hûʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *mi-yyad* *Miṣrāyim* *wa-yyarʾ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*Miṣrayim* *mēṯ* *ʿal*-*śəphaṯ* *ha-yām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyôšaʿ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saved", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - on the day", "*ha-hûʾ*": "article + pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - that", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mi-yyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wa-yyarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*mēṯ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - dead", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*śəphaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - shore of", "*ha-yām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyôšaʿ*": "and he saved/and he delivered", "*ba-yyôm ha-hûʾ*": "on that day", "*mi-yyad*": "from the hand of/from the power of", "*mēṯ*": "dead/dying (collective singular form)" } }