Verse 33

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.33", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֨ה חָצ֜וֹר לִמְע֥וֹן תַּנִּ֛ים שְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃ ס", "text": "*wə-hāyətâ ḥāṣôr limʿôn tannîm šəmāmâ ʿad-ʿôlām lōʾ-yēšēb šām ʾîš wə-lōʾ-yāgûr bāh ben-ʾādām*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyətâ*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will be/become", "*ḥāṣôr*": "proper noun - Hazor", "*limʿôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for a dwelling/habitation of", "*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural - jackals/dragons/serpents", "*šəmāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - until forever/eternity", "*lōʾ-yēšēb*": "negative particle + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not dwell/sit/remain", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*wə-lōʾ-yāgûr*": "conjunction + negative particle + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will not sojourn/dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + feminine singular suffix - in her", "*ben-ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - son of man/human being" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṣôr*": "Hazor (place name)", "*mʿôn*": "dwelling/habitation/lair/den", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/serpents/sea monsters", "*šəmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/devastation", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/ancient time/long duration", "*yēšēb*": "will dwell/sit/remain/inhabit", "*yāgûr*": "will sojourn/dwell temporarily/reside as alien", "*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/human being/person" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Hasor skal bli til boplass for sjakaler, en evig ørken. Ingen skal bo der, ingen mennesker skal slå seg ned der.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Og Hasor skal bli til bolig for sjakaler, en ødemark for evig: Ingen mann skal bo der, eller noen sønn av mennesket oppholde seg der.

• Norsk King James

  Og Hazor skal bli en bolig for drager, og en ødemark for alltid; der skal ingen bo, heller ingen sønn av mennesket bo i det.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og Hazar skal bli et tilholdssted for sjakaler, en ødeleggelse for alltid. Ingen skal bo der, og ingen menneskesønn skal slå seg ned der.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Og Hasor skal bli en bolig for drager, en ødemark for alltid: der skal ingen mann bo, og ingen menneskesønn skal bo der.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Hazor skal bli en bolig for drager og en evig ødemark; ingen skal bo der, ikke engang et menneskesønn.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Og Hasor skal bli en bolig for drager, en ødemark for alltid: der skal ingen mann bo, og ingen menneskesønn skal bo der.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Hasor skal bli en bolig for sjakaler, en ørken til evig tid. Ingen skal bo der, og ingen menneskesønn skal slå seg ned der.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Hazor will become a dwelling place for jackals, a desolation forever. No one will dwell there; no human being will live in it.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Hazar skal bli et tilholdssted for sjakaler, en ødemark for alltid. Ingen skal bo der, og ingen menneskesønn skal bo der.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og Hazor skal vorde til Dragers Bolig, en Ødelæggelse evindelig; der skal ingen Mand boe, og intet Menneskes Søn være fremmed derudi.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons, and a desolation for ever: there shall no man abide there, nor any son of man dwell in it.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Og Hasor skal bli en bolig for drager, en ødemark for alltid: ingen mann skal bo der, og ingen sønn av menneske skal oppholde seg i det.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And Hazor shall be a dwelling for jackals, and a desolation forever: there shall no man abide there, nor any son of man dwell in it.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons, and a desolation for ever: there shall no man abide there, nor any son of man dwell in it.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Hazar skal bli til en bolig for sjakaler, en ødemark for evig: ingen mann skal bo der, og ingen menneskesønn skal slå seg ned der.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Og Hazar skal bli et bosted for sjakaler, en ødemark for alltid. Ingen skal bo der, og intet menneske skal oppholde seg der.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Og Hazer skal bli et tilholdssted for sjakaler, en ødemark for alltid: ingen mann skal bo der, heller ikke skal noen menneskesønn ta bolig der.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Og Hasor vil bli et tilholdssted for sjakaler, et øde landskap for alltid: ingen vil bo der, og ingen sønn av menneske vil finne hvile der.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Hasor also shall be a dwellinge for Dragons, and an euerlastinge wildernesse: so that no body shal dwell there, and no man shal haue there his habitacion.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And Hazor shal be a dwelling for dragons, and desolation for euer: there shall no man dwell there, nor the sonnes of men remaine in it.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Hazor also shalbe a dwelling for dragons, and an euerlasting wyldernesse, so that no body shall dwell there, and no man shall haue there his habitation.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Hazor shall be a dwelling for dragons, [and] a desolation for ever: there shall no man abide there, nor [any] son of man dwell in it.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Hazor shall be a dwelling-place of jackals, a desolation forever: no man shall dwell there, neither shall any son of man sojourn therein.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And Hazor hath been for a habitation of dragons, A desolation -- unto the age, No one doth dwell there, nor sojourn in it doth a son of man!'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Hazor shall be a dwelling-place of jackals, a desolation for ever: no man shall dwell there, neither shall any son of man sojourn therein.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And Hazor will be a hole for jackals, a waste for ever: no one will be living in it, and no son of man will have a resting-place there.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Hazor shall be a dwelling place of jackals, a desolation forever: no man shall dwell there, neither shall any son of man live therein.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  “Hazor will become a permanent wasteland, a place where only jackals live. No one will live there. No human being will settle in it.”

Referenced Verses

• Jer 9:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.11", "source": "מִֽי־הָאִ֤ישׁ הֶֽחָכָם֙ וְיָבֵ֣ן אֶת־זֹ֔את וַאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר פִּֽי־יְהוָ֛ה אֵלָ֖יו וְיַגִּדָ֑הּ עַל־מָה֙ אָבְדָ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ נִצְּתָ֥ה כַמִּדְבָּ֖ר מִבְּלִֽי עֹבֵֽר׃", "text": "*mî*-*hā'îš* *heḥākām* *wĕyābēn* *'et*-*zō't* *wa'ăšer* *dibbēr* *pî*-*YHWH* *'ēlāyw* *wĕyaggidāh* for-*māh* *'ābĕdāh* *hā'āreṣ* *niṣṣĕtāh* like-the-*midbār* from-without *'ōbēr*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*hā'îš*": "masculine noun with definite article - the man", "*heḥākām*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the wise", "*wĕyābēn*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, jussive - and let him understand", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*zō't*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*wa'ăšer*": "conjunction + relative particle - and that which", "*dibbēr*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, piel - has spoken", "*pî*": "masculine noun, construct state - mouth of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*wĕyaggidāh*": "conjunction + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil, jussive - and let him declare it", "*māh*": "interrogative pronoun with prefixed preposition - for what reason", "*'ābĕdāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular - has perished", "*hā'āreṣ*": "feminine noun with definite article - the land", "*niṣṣĕtāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular, niphal - has been laid waste", "*midbār*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - like the wilderness", "*'ōbēr*": "participle, masculine singular - one passing through" }, "variants": { "*mî*": "who/which person", "*hā'îš heḥākām*": "the wise man/the man who is wise", "*wĕyābēn*": "and let him understand/discern/comprehend", "*dibbēr*": "has spoken/declared/uttered", "*pî-YHWH*": "mouth of YHWH/word of YHWH", "*wĕyaggidāh*": "and let him declare it/announce it/explain it", "*māh*": "what/why/for what reason", "*'ābĕdāh*": "has perished/been destroyed/been ruined", "*hā'āreṣ*": "the land/earth/country", "*niṣṣĕtāh*": "has been laid waste/burned/made desolate", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*'ōbēr*": "one passing through/traveler/passer-by" } }
• Jer 10:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.22", "source": "ק֤וֹל שְׁמוּעָה֙ הִנֵּ֣ה בָאָ֔ה וְרַ֥עַשׁ גָּד֖וֹל מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֑וֹן לָשׂ֞וּם אֶת־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה שְׁמָמָ֖ה מְע֥וֹן תַּנִּֽים׃", "text": "*Qôl* *šəmûʿāh* behold *bāʾāh* and-*raʿaš* *gādôl* from-*ʾereṣ* *ṣāfôn* to-make *ʾet*-cities-of *Yəhûdāh* *šəmāmāh* *məʿôn* *tannîm*", "grammar": { "*Qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*šəmûʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - report/news", "*bāʾāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - coming", "*raʿaš*": "noun, masculine singular - quaking/shaking/commotion", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*ṣāfôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šəmāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*məʿôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dwelling place of", "*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural - jackals/dragons" }, "variants": { "*Qôl*": "sound/voice/noise", "*šəmûʿāh*": "report/news/rumor/tidings", "*raʿaš*": "quaking/shaking/commotion/earthquake", "*ṣāfôn*": "north/northern region", "*šəmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*məʿôn*": "dwelling place/habitation/lair/den", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/serpents/monsters" } }
• Jer 51:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.37", "source": "וְהָיְתָה֩ בָבֶ֨ל ׀ לְגַלִּ֧ים ׀ מְעוֹן־תַּנִּ֛ים שַׁמָּ֥ה וּשְׁרֵקָ֖ה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב", "text": "And-*hāyətāh* *Bābel* to-*gallîm* *məʿôn*-*tannîm* *šammāh* and-*šərēqāh* from-*ʾên* *yôšēb*", "grammar": { "*hāyətāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she will become/she will be", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*gallîm*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps/ruins", "*məʿôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dwelling place of", "*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural - jackals/dragons", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/astonishment", "*šərēqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - hissing/derision", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - without/there is not", "*yôšēb*": "participle, Qal masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller" }, "variants": { "*gallîm*": "heaps/ruins/piles", "*məʿôn*": "dwelling place/habitation/den", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/serpents", "*šammāh*": "horror/astonishment/desolation", "*šərēqāh*": "hissing/derision/scorn" } }
• Zeph 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.9", "source": "לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃", "text": "Therefore *ḥay-ʾānî nəʾum YHWH ṣəḇāʾôth ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl kî-môʾāḇ kisdōm tihyeh ûḇənê ʿammôn kaʿămōrâ mimšaq ḥārûl ûmiḵrē-melaḥ ûšəmāmâ ʿad-ʿôlām šəʾērîth ʿammî yəḇāzzûm wəyeter gôyî yinḥālûm*", "grammar": { "*ḥay-ʾānî*": "adjective + 1st person singular independent pronoun - as I live", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "noun, masculine plural - of hosts", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî-môʾāḇ*": "conjunction + proper noun - that Moab", "*kisdōm*": "preposition + proper noun - like Sodom", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be", "*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*kaʿămōrâ*": "preposition + proper noun - like Gomorrah", "*mimšaq*": "noun, masculine singular - possession of", "*ḥārûl*": "noun, masculine singular - nettles", "*ûmiḵrē-melaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - and pit of salt", "*ûšəmāmâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and desolation", "*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - forever", "*šəʾērîth*": "noun, feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*yəḇāzzûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will plunder them", "*wəyeter*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and remainder of", "*gôyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my nation", "*yinḥālûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will inherit them" }, "variants": { "*ḥay-ʾānî*": "as I live/by my life", "*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "of hosts/of armies", "*mimšaq*": "possession/breeding place", "*ḥārûl*": "nettles/weeds/thorns", "*miḵrē-melaḥ*": "pit of salt/salt mine", "*šəmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*yəḇāzzûm*": "plunder them/spoil them/take as prey", "*yinḥālûm*": "inherit them/possess them/take as possession" } }
• Zeph 2:13-15 : 13 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.13", "source": "וְיֵ֤ט יָדוֹ֙ עַל־צָפ֔וֹן וִֽיאַבֵּ֖ד אֶת־אַשּׁ֑וּר וְיָשֵׂ֤ם אֶת־נִֽינְוֵה֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֔ה צִיָּ֖ה כַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "And-*yēṭ yādô ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn wîʾabbēd ʾeth-ʾaššûr wəyāśēm ʾeth-nînəwēh lišəmāmâ ṣiyyâ kammidbar*", "grammar": { "*yēṭ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will stretch out", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - against north", "*wîʾabbēd*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will destroy", "*ʾeth-ʾaššûr*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Assyria", "*wəyāśēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will make", "*ʾeth-nînəwēh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Nineveh", "*lišəmāmâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation", "*ṣiyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - dry/parched region", "*kammidbar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*yēṭ yādô*": "stretch out his hand/extend his hand", "*ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn*": "against the north/against the northern kingdom", "*wîʾabbēd*": "and destroy/and cause to perish", "*lišəmāmâ*": "for desolation/for waste/for horror", "*ṣiyyâ*": "dry land/parched ground/drought" } } 14 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.14", "source": "וְרָבְצ֨וּ בְתוֹכָ֤הּ עֲדָרִים֙ כָּל־חַיְתוֹ־ג֔וֹי גַּם־קָאַת֙ גַּם־קִפֹּ֔ד בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ יָלִ֑ינוּ ק֠וֹל יְשׁוֹרֵ֤ר בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ חֹ֣רֶב בַּסַּ֔ף כִּ֥י אַרְזָ֖ה עֵרָֽה׃", "text": "And-*rāḇəṣû ḇəthôḵāh ʿădārîm kol-ḥayəthô-ḡôy gam-qāʾath gam-qippōd bəḵap̄tōrêhā yālînû qôl yəšôrēr baḥallôn ḥōreḇ bassap̄ kî ʾarzâ ʿērâ*", "grammar": { "*rāḇəṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural with waw consecutive - and they will lie down", "*ḇəthôḵāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*ʿădārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flocks/herds", "*kol-ḥayəthô-ḡôy*": "noun construct chain: all + living thing of + nation", "*gam-qāʾath*": "adverb + noun, feminine singular - also pelican", "*gam-qippōd*": "adverb + noun, masculine singular - also hedgehog/porcupine", "*bəḵap̄tōrêhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her capitals (of columns)", "*yālînû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will lodge", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*yəšôrēr*": "polel participle, masculine singular - singing/one who sings", "*baḥallôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the window", "*ḥōreḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - desolation/waste", "*bassap̄*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the threshold", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾarzâ*": "noun, masculine singular with directional he - cedar work", "*ʿērâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has laid bare/exposed" }, "variants": { "*rāḇəṣû*": "lie down/rest/make their lair", "*ʿădārîm*": "flocks/herds", "*ḥayəthô-ḡôy*": "beasts of the nation/wild animals", "*qāʾath*": "pelican/desert owl", "*qippōd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*kap̄tōrêhā*": "capitals (of columns)/tops of pillars", "*yəšôrēr*": "singing/will sing", "*ḥōreḇ*": "desolation/waste/ruin", "*ʾarzâ*": "cedar work/cedar paneling", "*ʿērâ*": "laid bare/exposed/uncovered" } } 15 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.15", "source": "זֹ֞את הָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "This the-*ʿîr hāʿallîzâ hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ hāʾōmərâ bilḇāḇāh ʾănî wəʾap̄sî ʿôd ʾêḵ hāyəthâ ləšammâ marbēṣ laḥayyâ kōl ʿôḇēr ʿālêhā yišrōq yānîaʿ yādô*", "grammar": { "*zōʾth*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hāʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*hāʿallîzâ*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the joyous/exultant", "*hayyôšeḇeth*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one sitting/dwelling", "*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in security/confidence", "*hāʾōmərâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one saying", "*bilḇāḇāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her heart", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*wəʾap̄sî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and my end/there is none but me", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides", "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*hāyəthâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has become", "*ləšammâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation/horror", "*marbēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - resting place of", "*laḥayyâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with definite article - for the beast", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - every/all", "*ʿôḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - over her", "*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle", "*yānîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will shake/wag", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*hāʿallîzâ*": "joyous/exultant/jubilant", "*hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ*": "dwelling securely/sitting confidently", "*ʾap̄sî*": "my end/there is none besides me/no one else", "*ləšammâ*": "for desolation/for horror/for waste", "*marbēṣ*": "resting place/lair/den", "*yišrōq*": "hiss/whistle (in derision)", "*yānîaʿ yādô*": "shake his hand/wave his hand (in mockery)" } }
• Mal 1:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Malachi.1.3", "source": "וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְתַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wəʾeṯ*-*ʿĒśāw* *śānēʾṯî* *wāʾāśîm* *ʾeṯ*-*hārāyw* *šəmāmāh* *wəʾeṯ*-*naḥălāṯô* *ləṯannôṯ* *miḏbār*", "grammar": { "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ʿĒśāw*": "proper noun - Esau", "*śānēʾṯî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have hated", "*wāʾāśîm*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I appointed/made", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mountains", "*šəmāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste", "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*naḥălāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his inheritance/possession", "*ləṯannôṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - for jackals/dragons of", "*miḏbār*": "noun, masculine singular - desert/wilderness" }, "variants": { "*śānēʾṯî*": "I hated/I have hated/I rejected", "*wāʾāśîm*": "and I made/appointed/turned", "*šəmāmāh*": "desolation/waste/wilderness", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance/possession/territory", "*ləṯannôṯ*": "for jackals/dragons/desert creatures", "*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland" } }
• Isa 13:20-22 : 20 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.20", "source": "לֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֣ב לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכֹּ֖ן עַד־דּ֣וֹר וָד֑וֹר וְלֹֽא־יַהֵ֥ל שָׁם֙ עֲרָבִ֔י וְרֹעִ֖ים לֹא־יַרְבִּ֥צוּ שָֽׁם׃", "text": "Not-*ṯēšēḇ* for-*neṣaḥ* *wə*-not *ṯiškōn* until-*dôr* *wā*-*ḏôr* *wə*-not-*yahēl* there *ʿĂrāḇî* *wə*-*rōʿîm* not-*yarbîṣû* there", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-ṯēšēḇ*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will not dwell/sit", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - for eternity/forever", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ṯiškōn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited/dwell", "*ʿaḏ-dôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - until generation", "*wāḏôr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and generation", "*wəlōʾ-yahēl*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will not pitch tent", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʿărāḇî*": "noun, masculine, singular - Arab/nomad", "*wərōʿîm*": "conjunction + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - and shepherds", "*lōʾ-yarbîṣû*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will not make lie down", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*ṯēšēḇ*": "will dwell/sit/remain", "*neṣaḥ*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity", "*ṯiškōn*": "will be inhabited/will dwell/will abide", "*dôr wāḏôr*": "generation and generation/generation to generation/all generations", "*yahēl*": "will pitch tent/will camp/will dwell temporarily", "*ʿărāḇî*": "Arab/nomad/desert dweller", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/herdsmen/pastors", "*yarbîṣû*": "will make lie down/will cause to rest/will let their flocks rest" } } 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.21", "source": "וְרָבְצוּ־שָׁ֣ם צִיִּ֔ים וּמָלְא֥וּ בָתֵּיהֶ֖ם אֹחִ֑ים וְשָׁ֤כְנוּ שָׁם֙ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֔ה וּשְׂעִירִ֖ים יְרַקְּדוּ־שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*rāḇṣû*-there *ṣiyyîm* *û*-*mālʾû* *ḇāttêhem* *ʾōḥîm* *wə*-*šāḵnû* there *bənôṯ* *yaʿănāh* *û*-*śəʿîrîm* *yəraqqəḏû*-there", "grammar": { "*wərāḇṣû-šām*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural + adverb - and will lie down there", "*ṣiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - desert creatures/wild beasts", "*ûmālʾû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will fill", "*ḇāttêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses", "*ʾōḥîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - howling creatures/owls", "*wəšāḵnû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and will dwell", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*bənôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - daughters of", "*yaʿănāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ostrich", "*ûśəʿîrîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and goat-demons/satyrs", "*yəraqqəḏû-šām*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + adverb - will dance there" }, "variants": { "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/animals of the desert", "*ʾōḥîm*": "howling creatures/owls/jackals", "*bənôṯ yaʿănāh*": "daughters of the ostrich/female ostriches/owls", "*śəʿîrîm*": "goat-demons/satyrs/wild goats/hairy goats" } } 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.13.22", "source": "וְעָנָ֤ה אִיִּים֙ בְּאַלְמנוֹתָ֔יו וְתַנִּ֖ים בְּהֵ֣יכְלֵי עֹ֑נֶג וְקָר֤וֹב לָבוֹא֙ עִתָּ֔הּ וְיָמֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א יִמָּשֵֽׁכוּ׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʿānāh* *ʾiyyîm* in-*ʾalmənôṯāyw* *wə*-*ṯannîm* in-*hêḵəlê* *ʿōneg* *wə*-*qārôḇ* to-come *ʿittāh* *wə*-*yāmêhā* not *yimmāšēḵû*", "grammar": { "*wəʿānāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and will answer/cry", "*ʾiyyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - hyenas/howling creatures", "*bəʾalmənôṯāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his/its widow-places/desolate palaces", "*wəṯannîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and jackals/dragons", "*bəhêḵəlê*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural, construct - in palaces of", "*ʿōneg*": "noun, masculine, singular - pleasure/luxury/delight", "*wəqārôḇ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and near", "*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to come", "*ʿittāh*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her time", "*wəyāmêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her days", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yimmāšēḵû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be prolonged/extended" }, "variants": { "*ʿānāh*": "will answer/cry/howl/respond", "*ʾiyyîm*": "hyenas/howling creatures/wild dogs/jackals", "*ʾalmənôṯāyw*": "his widow-places/desolate palaces/forsaken places", "*ṯannîm*": "jackals/dragons/sea monsters", "*hêḵəlê*": "palaces/temples", "*ʿōneg*": "pleasure/luxury/delight", "*yimmāšēḵû*": "will be prolonged/extended/delayed" } }
• Isa 14:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.23", "source": "וְשַׂמְתִּ֛יהָ לְמוֹרַ֥שׁ קִפֹּ֖ד וְאַגְמֵי־מָ֑יִם וְטֵֽאטֵאתִ֙יהָ֙ בְּמַטְאֲטֵ֣א הַשְׁמֵ֔ד נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*śamtîhā* for-*môraš* *qippōd* and-*ʾaḡmê*-*māyim*; and-*ṭēʾṭētîhā* with-*maṭʾăṭēʾ* the-*hašmēd*, *nǝʾum* *YHWH* *ṣǝḇāʾôt*.", "grammar": { "*śamtîhā*": "qal perfect with suffix, 1st singular - I will make it", "*môraš*": "masculine singular construct - possession of", "*qippōd*": "masculine singular noun - hedgehog/porcupine", "*ʾaḡmê*": "masculine plural construct - marshes/swamps of", "*māyim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*ṭēʾṭētîhā*": "pilpel perfect with suffix, 1st singular - I will sweep it", "*maṭʾăṭēʾ*": "masculine singular construct - broom of", "*hašmēd*": "hiphil infinitive with definite article - the destruction/extermination" }, "variants": { "*śamtîhā*": "I will make it/I will set it/I will turn it into", "*môraš*": "possession/inheritance/property", "*qippōd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*ʾaḡmê*": "marshes/swamps/pools", "*ṭēʾṭētîhā*": "I will sweep it/I will clean it out", "*maṭʾăṭēʾ*": "broom/besom", "*hašmēd*": "destruction/annihilation/extermination" } }
• Isa 34:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.9", "source": "וְנֶהֶפְכ֤וּ נְחָלֶ֙יהָ֙ לְזֶ֔פֶת וַעֲפָרָ֖הּ לְגָפְרִ֑ית וְהָיְתָ֣ה אַרְצָ֔הּ לְזֶ֖פֶת בֹּעֵרָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕnehepkû* *nĕḥālêhā* *lĕzepet* *waʿăpārāh* *lĕgāprît* *wĕhāyĕtâ* *ʾarṣāh* *lĕzepet* *bōʿērâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕnehepkû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be turned/changed", "*nĕḥālêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its streams", "*lĕzepet*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to pitch/tar", "*waʿăpārāh*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its dust/soil", "*lĕgāprît*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to sulfur/brimstone", "*wĕhāyĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be/become", "*ʾarṣāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its land", "*lĕzepet*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - to pitch/tar", "*bōʿērâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - burning" }, "variants": { "*nehepkû*": "will be turned/will be changed/will be transformed", "*nĕḥālêhā*": "its streams/its wadis/its valleys", "*zepet*": "pitch/tar/bitumen", "*ʿăpārāh*": "its dust/its soil/its dirt", "*gāprît*": "sulfur/brimstone", "*hāyĕtâ*": "will be/will become/will happen", "*ʾarṣāh*": "its land/its territory/its earth", "*bōʿērâ*": "burning/blazing/consuming" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.10", "source": "לַ֤יְלָה וְיוֹמָם֙ לֹ֣א תִכְבֶּ֔ה לְעוֹלָ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה עֲשָׁנָ֑הּ מִדּ֤וֹר לָדוֹר֙ תֶּחֱרָ֔ב לְנֵ֣צַח נְצָחִ֔ים אֵ֥ין עֹבֵ֖ר בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*laylâ* *wĕyômām* *lōʾ* *tikbeh* *lĕʿôlām* *yaʿăleh* *ʿăšānāh* *middôr* *lādôr* *teḥĕrāb* *lĕnēṣaḥ* *nĕṣāḥîm* *ʾên* *ʿōbēr* *bāh*", "grammar": { "*laylâ*": "masculine singular noun - night", "*wĕyômām*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and day", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tikbeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be extinguished/quenched", "*lĕʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever/eternity", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*ʿăšānāh*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its smoke", "*middôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from generation", "*lādôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to generation", "*teḥĕrāb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be desolate/waste", "*lĕnēṣaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for perpetuity", "*nĕṣāḥîm*": "masculine plural noun - perpetuities/eternities", "*ʾên*": "negative particle - there is not", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing through", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*laylâ*": "night/nighttime", "*yômām*": "day/daytime", "*tikbeh*": "will be extinguished/will be quenched/will go out", "*lĕʿôlām*": "forever/for eternity/for all time", "*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/will ascend/will rise", "*ʿăšānāh*": "its smoke/its vapor", "*middôr*": "from generation", "*lādôr*": "to generation/to age", "*teḥĕrāb*": "will be desolate/will be waste/will be in ruins", "*nēṣaḥ*": "perpetuity/eternity/forever", "*nĕṣāḥîm*": "perpetuities/eternities/forevers", "*ʿōbēr*": "one passing through/traveler/passer-by" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.11", "source": "וִירֵשׁ֙וּהָ֙ קָאַ֣ת וְקִפּ֔וֹד וְיַנְשׁ֥וֹף וְעֹרֵ֖ב יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָ֑הּ וְנָטָ֥ה עָלֶ֛יהָ קַֽו־תֹ֖הוּ וְאַבְנֵי־בֹֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wîrēšûhā* *qāʾat* *wĕqippôd* *wĕyanšôp* *wĕʿōrēb* *yiškĕnû*-*bāh* *wĕnāṭâ* *ʿālêhā* *qaw*-*tōhû* *wĕʾabnê*-*bōhû*", "grammar": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they will possess it", "*qāʾat*": "feminine singular noun - pelican", "*wĕqippôd*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and hedgehog/porcupine", "*wĕyanšôp*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and owl", "*wĕʿōrēb*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and raven", "*yiškĕnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wĕnāṭâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will stretch out", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - over it", "*qaw*": "masculine singular construct - line of", "*tōhû*": "masculine singular noun - chaos/emptiness", "*wĕʾabnê*": "conjunction + feminine plural construct - and stones of", "*bōhû*": "masculine singular noun - void/emptiness" }, "variants": { "*wîrēšûhā*": "will possess it/will inherit it/will take possession of it", "*qāʾat*": "pelican/desert owl/cormorant", "*qippôd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern", "*yanšôp*": "owl/eagle owl/ibis", "*ʿōrēb*": "raven/crow", "*yiškĕnû*": "will dwell/will inhabit/will reside", "*nāṭâ*": "will stretch out/will extend/will measure", "*qaw*": "line/measuring line/cord", "*tōhû*": "chaos/emptiness/waste/formlessness", "*ʾabnê*": "stones/weights", "*bōhû*": "void/emptiness/desolation" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.12", "source": "חֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃", "text": "*ḥōrêhā* *wĕʾên*-*šām* *mĕlûkâ* *yiqrāʾû* *wĕkāl*-*śārêhā* *yihyû* *ʾāpes*", "grammar": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its nobles", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + negative particle - and there is not", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "feminine singular noun - kingdom/kingship", "*yiqrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will call", "*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and all of", "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its princes/officials", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be", "*ʾāpes*": "masculine singular noun - nothing/end" }, "variants": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "its nobles/its freemen/its nobility", "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no", "*šām*": "there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty", "*yiqrāʾû*": "they will call/they will proclaim/they will invite", "*śārêhā*": "its princes/its officials/its chiefs", "*yihyû*": "they will be/they will become", "*ʾāpes*": "nothing/nonexistence/end/cessation" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.13", "source": "וְעָלְתָ֤ה אַרְמְנֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סִירִ֔ים קִמּ֥וֹשׂ וָח֖וֹחַ בְּמִבְצָרֶ֑יהָ וְהָיְתָה֙ נְוֵ֣ה תַנִּ֔ים חָצִ֖יר לִבְנ֥וֹת יַעֲנָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕʿālĕtâ* *ʾarmĕnōtêhā* *sîrîm* *qimmôś* *wāḥôaḥ* *bĕmibṣārêhā* *wĕhāyĕtâ* *nĕwēh* *tannîm* *ḥāṣîr* *libnôt* *yaʿănâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕʿālĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will grow/come up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its citadels/palaces", "*sîrîm*": "masculine plural noun - thorns/briars", "*qimmôś*": "masculine singular noun - nettle/thorny weed", "*wāḥôaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and thistle/thorn", "*bĕmibṣārêhā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in its fortresses", "*wĕhāyĕtâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it will be/become", "*nĕwēh*": "masculine singular construct - habitation of", "*tannîm*": "masculine plural noun - jackals/dragons", "*ḥāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - grass/enclosure", "*libnôt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - for daughters of", "*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich" }, "variants": { "*ʿālĕtâ*": "will grow/will come up/will spring up", "*ʾarmĕnōtêhā*": "its citadels/its palaces/its fortified towers", "*sîrîm*": "thorns/briars/brambles", "*qimmôś*": "nettle/thorny weed/wild weeds", "*ḥôaḥ*": "thistle/thorn/bramble", "*mibṣārêhā*": "its fortresses/its strongholds", "*nĕwēh*": "habitation/dwelling place/pasture", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/wolves", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/court/enclosure", "*banôt*": "daughters", "*yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.14", "source": "וּפָגְשׁ֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְשָׂעִ֖יר עַל־רֵעֵ֣הוּ יִקְרָ֑א אַךְ־שָׁם֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעָה לִּילִ֔ית וּמָצְאָ֥ה לָ֖הּ מָנֽוֹחַ׃", "text": "*ûpāgĕšû* *ṣiyyîm* *ʾet*-*ʾiyyîm* *wĕśāʿîr* *ʿal*-*rēʿēhû* *yiqrāʾ* *ʾak*-*šām* *hirgîʿâ* *lîlît* *ûmāṣĕʾâ* *lāh* *mānôaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ûpāgĕšû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will meet", "*ṣiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - desert creatures", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - howling creatures", "*wĕśāʿîr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and he-goat/satyr", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon", "*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his companion/neighbor", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will call", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*hirgîʿâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will rest/settle", "*lîlît*": "feminine singular noun - Lilith/night creature", "*ûmāṣĕʾâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will find", "*lāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - for herself", "*mānôaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - resting place" }, "variants": { "*pāgĕšû*": "will meet/will encounter/will confront", "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/wild cats", "*ʾiyyîm*": "howling creatures/hyenas/jackals", "*śāʿîr*": "he-goat/satyr/hairy one/demon", "*rēʿēhû*": "his companion/his neighbor/his fellow", "*yiqrāʾ*": "will call/will cry out/will proclaim", "*ʾak*": "surely/only/indeed", "*hirgîʿâ*": "will rest/will settle/will find repose", "*lîlît*": "Lilith/night creature/night monster", "*māṣĕʾâ*": "will find/will discover", "*mānôaḥ*": "resting place/place of rest" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.15", "source": "שָׁ֣מָּה קִנְּנָ֤ה קִפּוֹז֙ וַתְּמַלֵּ֔ט וּבָקְעָ֖ה וְדָגְרָ֣ה בְצִלָּ֑הּ אַךְ־שָׁ֛ם נִקְבְּצ֥וּ דַיּ֖וֹת אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*šāmmâ* *qinnĕnâ* *qippôz* *watĕmallēṭ* *ûbāqĕʿâ* *wĕdāgĕrâ* *bĕṣillāh* *ʾak*-*šām* *niqbĕṣû* *dayyôt* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh*", "grammar": { "*šāmmâ*": "adverb - there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular - makes/built a nest", "*qippôz*": "feminine singular noun - arrow snake", "*watĕmallēṭ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will lay eggs", "*ûbāqĕʿâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will hatch", "*wĕdāgĕrâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she will gather", "*bĕṣillāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her shadow", "*ʾak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*niqbĕṣû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are gathered", "*dayyôt*": "feminine plural noun - kites/vultures", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion" }, "variants": { "*šāmmâ*": "there", "*qinnĕnâ*": "makes a nest/builds a nest/nests", "*qippôz*": "arrow snake/owl/dartsnake", "*tĕmallēṭ*": "will lay eggs/will give birth/will deliver", "*bāqĕʿâ*": "will hatch/will break open", "*dāgĕrâ*": "will gather/will brood over/will incubate", "*ṣillāh*": "her shadow/her shade", "*niqbĕṣû*": "are gathered/are assembled/are collected", "*dayyôt*": "kites/vultures/birds of prey", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her neighbor" } } 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.16", "source": "דִּרְשׁ֨וּ מֵֽעַל־סֵ֤פֶר יְהוָה֙ וּֽקְרָ֔אוּ אַחַ֤ת מֵהֵ֙נָּה֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔רָה אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א פָקָ֑דוּ כִּֽי־פִי֙ ה֣וּא צִוָּ֔ה וְרוּח֖וֹ ה֥וּא קִבְּצָֽן׃", "text": "*diršû* *mēʿal*-*sēper* *yhwh* *ûqĕrāʾû* *ʾaḥat* *mēhēnnâ* *lōʾ* *neʿdārâ* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh* *lōʾ* *pāqādû* *kî*-*pî* *hûʾ* *ṣiwwâ* *wĕrûḥô* *hûʾ* *qibbĕṣān*", "grammar": { "*diršû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - seek", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*sēper*": "masculine singular construct - book of", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ûqĕrāʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and read", "*ʾaḥat*": "feminine singular numeral - one", "*mēhēnnâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural pronoun - from these", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*neʿdārâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is missing", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*pāqādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they missed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my mouth", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has commanded", "*wĕrûḥô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his spirit/breath", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*qibbĕṣān*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - he has gathered them" }, "variants": { "*diršû*": "seek/search/inquire", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*qĕrāʾû*": "read/proclaim/call out", "*ʾaḥat*": "one/a single one", "*neʿdārâ*": "is missing/is lacking/is absent", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her partner", "*pāqādû*": "they missed/they lacked/they were without", "*pî*": "my mouth/his mouth", "*ṣiwwâ*": "has commanded/has ordered", "*rûḥô*": "his spirit/his breath/his wind", "*qibbĕṣān*": "has gathered them/has collected them/has assembled them" } } 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.17", "source": "וְהֽוּא־הִפִּ֤יל לָהֶן֙ גּוֹרָ֔ל וְיָד֛וֹ חִלְּקַ֥תָּה לָהֶ֖ם בַּקָּ֑ו עַד־עוֹלָם֙ יִֽירָשׁ֔וּהָ לְד֥וֹר וָד֖וֹר יִשְׁכְּנוּ־בָֽהּ׃ ס", "text": "*wĕhûʾ*-*hippîl* *lāhen* *gôrāl* *wĕyādô* *ḥillĕqattâ* *lāhem* *baqqāw* *ʿad*-*ʿôlām* *yîrāšûhā* *lĕdôr* *wādôr* *yiškĕnû*-*bāh*", "grammar": { "*wĕhûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*hippîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cast", "*lāhen*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for them", "*gôrāl*": "masculine singular noun - lot", "*wĕyādô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his hand", "*ḥillĕqattâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - has divided it", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*baqqāw*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the measuring line", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - eternity/forever", "*yîrāšûhā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - they will possess it", "*lĕdôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to generation", "*wādôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and generation", "*yiškĕnû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*hippîl*": "has cast/has thrown/has made fall", "*gôrāl*": "lot/lot (for dividing)/portion", "*yādô*": "his hand", "*ḥillĕqattâ*": "has divided it/has apportioned it/has allotted it", "*qāw*": "measuring line/cord/rule", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/forever/perpetuity", "*yîrāšûhā*": "they will possess it/they will inherit it", "*dôr*": "generation/age/period", "*yiškĕnû*": "they will dwell/they will inhabit/they will reside" } }
• Rev 18:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.2", "source": "Καὶ ἔκραξεν ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, λέγων, Ἔπεσεν, ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, καὶ ἐγένετο κατοικητήριον δαιμόνων, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς πνεύματος ἀκαθάρτου, καὶ φυλακὴ παντὸς ὀρνέου ἀκαθάρτου καὶ μεμισημένου.", "text": "And *ekraxen* with *ischyra* *phōnē* *megalē*, *legōn*, *Epesen*, *epesen* *Babylōn* the *megalē*, and *egeneto* *katoikētērion* of *daimonōn*, and *phylakē* of every *pneumatos* *akathartou*, and *phylakē* of every *orneou* *akathartou* and *memisēmenou*.", "grammar": { "*ekraxen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - cried out/shouted", "*en*": "preposition + dative - with/in", "*ischyra*": "adjective, dative, feminine, singular - strong/mighty", "*phōnē*": "noun, dative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*megalē*": "adjective, dative, feminine, singular - great/loud", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*epesen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - fell/has fallen", "*Babylōn*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great/mighty", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd person singular - became/has become", "*katoikētērion*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - dwelling place/habitation", "*daimonōn*": "noun, genitive, neuter, plural - demons/evil spirits", "*phylakē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - prison/hold/cage", "*pantos*": "adjective, genitive, neuter, singular - every/all", "*pneumatos*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - spirit", "*akathartou*": "adjective, genitive, neuter, singular - unclean/impure", "*orneou*": "noun, genitive, neuter, singular - bird", "*memisēmenou*": "perfect passive participle, genitive, neuter, singular - hated/detested" }, "variants": { "*ekraxen*": "cried out/shouted/exclaimed", "*ischyra*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/tone", "*megalē*": "great/loud/mighty", "*legōn*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*epesen*": "fell/has fallen/collapsed", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (proper name)", "*egeneto*": "became/has become/came to be", "*katoikētērion*": "dwelling place/habitation/residence", "*daimonōn*": "demons/evil spirits/supernatural beings", "*phylakē*": "prison/cage/hold/watch", "*pneumatos*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*akathartou*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*orneou*": "bird/fowl", "*memisēmenou*": "hated/detested/despised" } }
• Rev 18:21-22 : 21 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.21", "source": "Καὶ ἦρεν εἷς ἄγγελος ἰσχυρὸς λίθον ὡς μύλον μέγαν, καὶ ἔβαλεν εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, λέγων, Οὕτως ὁρμήματι βληθήσεται Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη πόλις, καὶ οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἔτι.", "text": "And *ēren* one *angelos* *ischyros* *lithon* as *mylon* *megan*, and *ebalen* into the *thalassan*, *legōn*, Thus with *hormēmati* *blēthēsetai* *Babylōn* the *megalē* *polis*, and *ou mē* *heurethē* *eti*.", "grammar": { "*ēren*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - lifted/took up", "*heis*": "numeral, nominative, masculine, singular - one", "*angelos*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*ischyros*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - strong/mighty", "*lithon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - stone", "*hōs*": "comparative particle - as/like", "*mylon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - millstone", "*megan*": "adjective, accusative, masculine, singular - great/large", "*ebalen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - threw/cast", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*tēn thalassan*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - sea", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*houtōs*": "adverb - thus/in this manner", "*hormēmati*": "noun, dative, neuter, singular - violence/force/impulse", "*blēthēsetai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person singular - will be thrown/cast", "*Babylōn*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - Babylon", "*hē megalē*": "adjective, nominative, feminine, singular - great", "*polis*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*heurethē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be found", "*eti*": "adverb - anymore/any longer" }, "variants": { "*ēren*": "lifted/took up/raised", "*angelos*": "angel/messenger", "*ischyros*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*lithon*": "stone/rock", "*mylon*": "millstone", "*megan*": "great/large/massive", "*ebalen*": "threw/cast/hurled", "*thalassan*": "sea/ocean", "*legōn*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*houtōs*": "thus/in this manner/so", "*hormēmati*": "violence/impulse/rush/force", "*blēthēsetai*": "will be thrown/will be cast/will be hurled", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (proper name)", "*megalē*": "great/large/mighty", "*polis*": "city/town", "*heurethē*": "might be found/might be discovered", "*eti*": "anymore/any longer/still" } } 22 { "verseID": "Revelation.18.22", "source": "Καὶ φωνὴ κιθαρῳδῶν, καὶ μουσικῶν, καὶ αὐλητῶν, καὶ σαλπιστῶν, οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι· καὶ πᾶς τεχνίτης, πάσης τέχνης, οὐ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι· καὶ φωνὴ μύλου οὐ μὴ ἀκουσθῇ ἐν σοὶ ἔτι·", "text": "And *phōnē* of *kitharōdōn*, and of *mousikōn*, and of *aulētōn*, and of *salpistōn*, *ou mē* *akousthē* in you *eti*; and every *technitēs* of every *technēs*, *ou mē* *heurethē* in you *eti*; and *phōnē* of *mylou* *ou mē* *akousthē* in you *eti*;", "grammar": { "*phōnē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - sound/voice", "*kitharōdōn*": "noun, genitive, masculine, plural - harpists", "*mousikōn*": "noun/adjective, genitive, masculine, plural - musicians", "*aulētōn*": "noun, genitive, masculine, plural - flute players", "*salpistōn*": "noun, genitive, masculine, plural - trumpeters", "*ou mē*": "emphatic negation - by no means/certainly not", "*akousthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be heard", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*soi*": "personal pronoun, dative, 2nd person singular - you", "*eti*": "adverb - anymore/any longer", "*pas*": "adjective, nominative, masculine, singular - every/all", "*technitēs*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - craftsman/artisan", "*pasēs*": "adjective, genitive, feminine, singular - every/all", "*technēs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - craft/art/trade", "*heurethē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be found", "*mylou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - millstone/mill" }, "variants": { "*phōnē*": "sound/voice/noise", "*kitharōdōn*": "harpists/lyre players", "*mousikōn*": "musicians/musical performers", "*aulētōn*": "flute players/flautists", "*salpistōn*": "trumpeters/bugle players", "*akousthē*": "might be heard/will be heard", "*technitēs*": "craftsman/artisan/skilled worker", "*technēs*": "craft/art/trade/skill", "*heurethē*": "might be found/will be found", "*mylou*": "millstone/mill/grinding sound" } }
• Jer 49:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.17", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֥ה אֱד֖וֹם לְשַׁמָּ֑ה כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכּוֹתֶֽהָ", "text": "And *hayeta* *Edom* for *shamma*; all *ober* upon her *yisshom* and *yishroq* at all her *makkoteha*", "grammar": { "*hayeta*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will become/be", "*Edom*": "proper noun - Edom", "*shamma*": "noun, feminine singular - horror/desolation", "*ober*": "participle, masculine singular - one passing by", "*yisshom*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be appalled", "*yishroq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle", "*makkoteha*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd person feminine singular possessive suffix - her wounds/plagues" }, "variants": { "*shamma*": "horror/desolation/waste", "*ober*": "passer-by/traveler", "*yisshom*": "will be appalled/astonished/horrified", "*yishroq*": "will hiss/whistle/make deriding sounds", "*makkoteha*": "her wounds/plagues/disasters" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.18", "source": "כְּֽמַהְפֵּכַ֞ת סְדֹ֧ם וַעֲמֹרָ֛ה וּשְׁכֵנֶ֖יהָ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם", "text": "Like *mahpekhat* *Sedom* and *Amora* and their *shekheneha* *amar* *YHWH*; not *yeshev* there *ish*, and not *yagur* in her *ben-adam*", "grammar": { "*mahpekhat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - overthrow of", "*Sedom*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*Amora*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*shekheneha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine plural possessive suffix - their neighbors", "*amar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he says/said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yeshev*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will dwell/sit/remain", "*ish*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*yagur*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will sojourn/reside temporarily", "*ben-adam*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - son of man/human being" }, "variants": { "*mahpekhat*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning", "*shekheneha*": "their neighbors/adjacent towns", "*yeshev*": "will dwell/live/sit/remain", "*yagur*": "will sojourn/reside temporarily/stay", "*ben-adam*": "human/person/mortal" } }
• Jer 50:39-40 : 39 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.39", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן יֵשְׁב֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְיָ֥שְׁבוּ בָ֖הּ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֥ב עוֹד֙ לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכּ֖וֹן עַד־דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃", "text": "Therefore *yēšbû* *ṣiyyîm* with-*ʾiyyîm*, and-*yāšbû* in-her *bĕnôt* *yaʿănâ*; and-not-*tēšēb* again *lāneṣaḥ*, and-not *tiškôn* unto-*dôr* *wādôr*.", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus", "*yēšbû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell/inhabit", "*ṣiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - desert creatures/wild beasts", "*ʾet*": "preposition - with", "*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - howling creatures/jackals", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*yāšbû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will dwell", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her", "*bĕnôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct - daughters of", "*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/still/yet", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tiškôn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited/dwelt in", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/unto", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*wādôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and generation" }, "variants": { "*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/wild cats", "*ʾiyyîm*": "howling creatures/jackals/hyenas", "*bĕnôt yaʿănâ*": "daughters of the ostrich/ostriches/owl", "*tēšēb*": "will be inhabited/dwelt in/lived in", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "forever/eternally/perpetually", "*tiškôn*": "will be inhabited/dwelt in", "*dôr wādôr*": "generation to generation/forever" } } 40 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.40", "source": "כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֨ת אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־סְדֹ֧ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאֶת־שְׁכֵנֶ֖יהָ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃", "text": "Like-*mahpēkat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-*sĕdōm* and-*ʾet*-*ʿămōrâ* and-*ʾet*-*šĕkēneyhā*, *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*; not-*yēšēb* there *ʾîš* and-not-*yāgûr* in-her *ben*-*ʾādām*.", "grammar": { "*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as", "*mahpēkat*": "Qal infinitive construct - overthrow/destruction of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, functioning as singular - God", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*sĕdōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿămōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šĕkēneyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her neighbors", "*nĕʾum*": "masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will dwell/inhabit", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/anyone", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāgûr*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will sojourn/reside temporarily", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her", "*ben*": "masculine singular noun, construct - son of", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind" }, "variants": { "*mahpēkat*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being", "*šĕkēneyhā*": "her neighbors/neighboring towns", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*yēšēb*": "will dwell/inhabit/settle", "*ʾîš*": "man/anyone/person", "*yāgûr*": "will sojourn/reside temporarily/stay", "*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/human being" } }