Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Micah.3.1", "source": "וָאֹמַ֗ר שִׁמְעוּ־נָא֙ רָאשֵׁ֣י יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֲל֣וֹא לָכֶ֔ם לָדַ֖עַת אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "And *wāʾōmar* *šimʿû-nāʾ* *rāʾšê* *yaʿăqōb* and-*qĕṣînê* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* *hălôʾ* to-you to-*lādaʿat* *ʾet*-the-*mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*wāʾōmar*": "1st person singular, waw-consecutive imperfect - and I said", "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "2nd person masculine plural imperative with particle of entreaty - hear/listen please", "*rāʾšê*": "masculine plural construct - heads of/leaders of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*qĕṣînê*": "masculine plural construct - rulers/officers of", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is it not?", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment/justice" }, "variants": { "*wāʾōmar*": "and I said/and I will say", "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "listen please/hear now", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right/lawful claim" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Hør nå, dere ledere av Jakobs hus og høvdinger for Israels folk: Forstår dere ikke hva rettferdighet egentlig betyr?

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Og jeg sa: Hør, jeg ber dere, dere ledere av Jakobs hus og høvdinger av Israels hus! Er det ikke deres oppgave å kjenne rettferdighet?

• Norsk King James

  Og jeg sa, Hør nå, jeg ber dere, O ledere av Jakob, og dere prinsene i Israels hus; er det ikke deres plikt å kjenne rettferdigheten?

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og jeg sa: Lytt nå, ledere i Jakob, og dere fyrster i Israels hus! Burde ikke dere kjenne rettferdigheten?

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Og jeg sa: Lytt, dere ledere av Jakob og høvdinger i Israels hus! Bør dere ikke kjenne til rett og rettferdighet?

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Og jeg sa: Hør, jeg ber dere, dere ledere av Jakob, og dere fyrster av Israels hus; er det ikke dere som burde kjenne til rettferdighet?

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Og jeg sa: Hør, jeg ber dere, ledere av Jakob og fyrster i Israels hus; er det ikke deres plikt å kjenne til rettferdighet?

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Og jeg sa: Hør, jeg ber dere, dere ledere av Jakob, og dere fyrster av Israels hus; er det ikke dere som burde kjenne til rettferdighet?

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Og jeg sa: «Hør nå, ledere av Jakob og herskere i Israels hus: Er det ikke dere som skal kjenne retten?

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then I said: "Hear now, leaders of Jacob and rulers of the house of Israel: Is it not your responsibility to know justice?

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Hør nå, dere ledere av Jakob og styrende av Israels hus! Er det ikke deres plikt å kjenne til rettferdighet?

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og jeg sagde: Hører dog, I Hoveder i Jakob, og I Fyrster i Israels Huus! (burde) I ikke at vide Dommen?

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgment?

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Og jeg sa: Hør, jeg ber dere, ledere av Jakob, og dere fyrster i Israels hus; er det ikke deres oppgave å kjenne rettferdig dom?

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And I said, Hear, I pray you, O leaders of Jacob, and you rulers of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know justice?

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; Is it not for you to know judgment?

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Jeg sa: «Vær så snill, hør etter, dere ledere av Jakob, og herskere over Israels hus: Er det ikke deres plikt å kjenne til rettferdighet?

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Og jeg sier: Hør, jeg ber dere, ledere av Jakob, og dere dommere i Israels hus, er det ikke dere som skal forstå dommen?

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Og jeg sa: Hør, jeg ber dere, dere høvdinger av Jakob og herskere i Israels hus: Er det ikke deres oppgave å kjenne rettferdighet?

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Og jeg sa: Hør nå, dere ledere av Jakob og styrere av Israels folk: Er det ikke for dere å kjenne til det som er rett?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Heare, o ye heades of the house of Iacob, and ye leders of the house of Israel: Shulde not ye knowe, what were laufull and right?

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And I sayd, Heare, I pray you, O heads of Iaakob, and yee princes of the house of Israel: should not ye knowe iudgement?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And I saide, heare I pray you O heads of Iacob, & ye princes of the house of Israel, shoulde not ye know iudgement?

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ And I said, Hear, I pray you, O heads of Jacob, and ye princes of the house of Israel; [Is it] not for you to know judgment?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I said, "Please listen, you heads of Jacob, And rulers of the house of Israel: Isn't it for you to know justice?

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And I say, `Hear, I pray you, heads of Jacob, And ye judges of the house of Israel, Is it not for you to know the judgment?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And I said, Hear, I pray you, ye heads of Jacob, and rulers of the house of Israel: is it not for you to know justice?

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And I said, Give ear, now, you heads of Jacob and rulers of the people of Israel: is it not for you to have knowledge of what is right?

• World English Bible (2000)

  I said, "Please listen, you heads of Jacob, and rulers of the house of Israel: Isn't it for you to know justice?

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  God Will Judge Judah’s Sinful Leaders I said,“Listen, you leaders of Jacob, you rulers of the nation of Israel! You ought to know what is just,

Referenced Verses

• Ps 82:1-5 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.1", "source": "מִזְמ֗וֹר לְאָ֫סָ֥ף אֱ‍ֽלֹהִ֗ים נִצָּ֥ב בַּעֲדַת־אֵ֑ל בְּקֶ֖רֶב אֱלֹהִ֣ים יִשְׁפֹּֽט׃", "text": "*mizmôr* to-*ʾĀsāp̄* *ʾĕlōhîm* *niṣṣāb* in-*ʿădat*-*ʾēl* in-*qereb* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yišpōṭ*", "grammar": { "*mizmôr*": "masculine singular noun - psalm/song", "to-*ʾĀsāp̄*": "preposition + proper name - belonging to/of Asaph", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with singular meaning - God", "*niṣṣāb*": "niphal participle masculine singular - stands/is standing", "in-*ʿădat*": "preposition + construct feminine singular noun - in assembly/congregation of", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/divine being", "in-*qereb*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - in midst of", "*yišpōṭ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he judges/will judge" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges", "*ʿădat-ʾēl*": "divine assembly/congregation of God/divine council", "*qereb*": "midst/among/within" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.2", "source": "עַד־מָתַ֥י תִּשְׁפְּטוּ־עָ֑וֶל וּפְנֵ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים תִּשְׂאוּ־סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "until-*mātay* *tišpəṭû*-*ʿāwel* and-*pənê* *rəšāʿîm* *tiśʾû*-*selāh*", "grammar": { "until-*mātay*": "preposition + interrogative - until when/how long", "*tišpəṭû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you judge/will judge", "*ʿāwel*": "masculine singular noun - injustice/unrighteousness", "and-*pənê*": "conjunction + construct masculine plural noun - and faces of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural noun - wicked ones/evil doers", "*tiśʾû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you lift up/show favor", "*selāh*": "musical or liturgical term - pause/interlude" }, "variants": { "*tišpəṭû-ʿāwel*": "judge unjustly/judge with injustice", "*pənê*": "faces/persons/presence", "*tiśʾû*": "lift up/show partiality/be partial to/accept" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.3", "source": "שִׁפְטוּ־דַ֥ל וְיָת֑וֹם עָנִ֖י וָרָ֣שׁ הַצְדִּֽיקוּ׃", "text": "*šip̄ṭû*-*dal* and-*yātôm* *ʿānî* and-*rāš* *haṣdîqû*", "grammar": { "*šip̄ṭû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - judge!", "*dal*": "masculine singular adjective used as noun - poor/weak person", "and-*yātôm*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and orphan", "*ʿānî*": "masculine singular adjective used as noun - afflicted/needy", "and-*rāš*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective used as noun - and destitute/impoverished", "*haṣdîqû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - justify/vindicate/do justice to" }, "variants": { "*šip̄ṭû*": "judge/defend/vindicate", "*dal*": "poor/weak/helpless/low", "*ʿānî*": "afflicted/oppressed/humble/poor", "*rāš*": "destitute/poor/impoverished", "*haṣdîqû*": "justify/vindicate/declare righteous" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.4", "source": "פַּלְּטוּ־דַ֥ל וְאֶבְי֑וֹן מִיַּ֖ד רְשָׁעִ֣ים הַצִּֽילוּ׃", "text": "*palləṭû*-*dal* and-*ʾebyôn* from-*yad* *rəšāʿîm* *haṣṣîlû*", "grammar": { "*palləṭû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - rescue/deliver!", "*dal*": "masculine singular adjective used as noun - poor/weak person", "and-*ʾebyôn*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and needy/poor", "from-*yad*": "preposition + construct feminine singular noun - from hand of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural noun - wicked ones/evil doers", "*haṣṣîlû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - rescue/deliver!" }, "variants": { "*palləṭû*": "rescue/deliver/save", "*dal*": "poor/weak/helpless/low", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/beggar", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*haṣṣîlû*": "rescue/deliver/save" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.82.5", "source": "לֹ֤א יָֽדְע֨וּ ׀ וְלֹ֥א יָבִ֗ינוּ בַּחֲשֵׁכָ֥ה יִתְהַלָּ֑כוּ יִ֝מּ֗וֹטוּ כָּל־מ֥וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "not *yādəʿû* and-not *yābînû* in-*ḥăšēkāh* *yithallākû* *yimmôṭû* all-*môsədê* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural - they know/knew", "*yābînû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they understand/will understand", "in-*ḥăšēkāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - in darkness", "*yithallākû*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they walk about/continue", "*yimmôṭû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they totter/are shaken", "all-*môsədê*": "construct - all foundations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yādəʿû*": "know/understand/perceive", "*yābînû*": "understand/discern/perceive", "*ḥăšēkāh*": "darkness/ignorance", "*yithallākû*": "walk about/go about/continue", "*yimmôṭû*": "totter/shake/be moved", "*môsədê*": "foundations/pillars/supports", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world" } }
• Isa 1:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.10", "source": "שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה קְצִינֵ֣י סְדֹ֑ם הַאֲזִ֛ינוּ תּוֹרַ֥ת אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ עַ֥ם עֲמֹרָֽה׃", "text": "*šim'û* *dᵉbar*-*YHWH* *qᵉṣînê* *sᵉdōm* *haʾăzînû* *tôrat* *ʾĕlōhênû* *'am* *'ămōrâ*", "grammar": { "*šim'û*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - hear", "*dᵉbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*qᵉṣînê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - rulers of", "*sᵉdōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*haʾăzînû*": "verb, hifil imperative, masculine plural - give ear to", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*'ămōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah" }, "variants": { "*šim'û*": "hear/listen/obey", "*dᵉbar*": "word/message/command", "*qᵉṣînê*": "rulers/chiefs/commanders", "*haʾăzînû*": "give ear to/listen attentively/pay attention to", "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction" } }
• Jer 5:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.4", "source": "וַאֲנִ֣י אָמַ֔רְתִּי אַךְ־דַּלִּ֖ים הֵ֑ם נוֹאֲל֕וּ כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָדְעוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *'ănî* *'āmartî*, surely-*dallîm* they are; they *nô'ălû* because not they *yādə'û* *derek* *YHWH*, *mišpaṭ* their *'ĕlōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*'ănî*": "pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*'āmartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I said", "*'ak*": "adverb - surely/only/indeed", "*dallîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - poor/low/weak", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*nô'ălû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, niphal - they became foolish", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yādə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they knew", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road/manner", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God" }, "variants": { "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/insignificant/low", "*nô'ălû*": "they became foolish/were senseless/acted foolishly", "*derek*": "way/road/path/manner/conduct", "*mišpaṭ*": "judgment/justice/ordinance/custom" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.5", "source": "אֵֽלֲכָה־לִּ֤י אֶל־הַגְּדֹלִים֙ וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה אוֹתָ֔ם כִּ֣י הֵ֗מָּה יָדְעוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם אַ֣ךְ הֵ֤מָּה יַחְדָּו֙ שָׁ֣בְרוּ עֹ֔ל נִתְּק֖וּ מוֹסֵרֽוֹת׃", "text": "*'ēlăkâ*-to me to-*haggədōlîm* and *'ădabbərâ* them, for *hēmmâ* *yādə'û* *derek* *YHWH*, *mišpaṭ* their *'ĕlōhîm*; surely *hēmmâ* *yaḥdāw* *šābərû* *'ōl*, *nittəqû* *môsērôt*.", "grammar": { "*'ēlăkâ*": "cohortative, 1st singular - I will go", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - to me/for myself", "*'el*": "preposition - to/toward", "*haggədōlîm*": "article + adjective, masculine plural - the great ones", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*'ădabbərâ*": "cohortative, 1st singular, piel - I will speak", "*'ôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hēmmâ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*yādə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they knew", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*'ak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/altogether", "*šābərû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they broke", "*'ōl*": "noun, masculine singular - yoke", "*nittəqû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, piel - they tore off/burst", "*môsērôt*": "noun, feminine plural - bonds/fetters" }, "variants": { "*'ēlăkâ*-*lî*": "I will go (for myself)", "*haggədōlîm*": "the great ones/leaders/nobles", "*yaḥdāw*": "together/all at once/alike", "*šābərû*": "they broke/shattered/destroyed", "*'ōl*": "yoke/burden", "*nittəqû*": "they tore off/burst/broke away", "*môsērôt*": "bonds/fetters/restraints" } }
• Hos 5:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.1", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֨את הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים וְהַקְשִׁ֣יבוּ ׀ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּבֵ֤ית הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַאֲזִ֔ינוּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּֽי־פַח֙ הֱיִיתֶ֣ם לְמִצְפָּ֔ה וְרֶ֖שֶׁת פְּרוּשָׂ֥ה עַל־תָּבֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Šimʿû*-this, the *kōhănîm*, *wə*-*haqšîḇû* house of *Yiśrāʾēl*, *û*-house of the *meleḵ* *haʾăzînû*, for to-you the *mišpāṭ*; for-*paḥ* you-have-been to-*Miṣpâ*, *wə*-*rešeṯ* *pərûśâ* upon-*Tāḇôr*.", "grammar": { "*Šimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*haqšîḇû*": "imperative, masculine plural - pay attention/listen closely", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king", "*haʾăzînû*": "imperative, masculine plural - give ear/listen", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice", "*paḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - trap/snare", "*Miṣpâ*": "proper noun - Mizpah", "*rešeṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - net", "*pərûśâ*": "participle, passive, feminine singular - spread out", "*Tāḇôr*": "proper noun - Tabor" }, "variants": { "*Šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*kōhănîm*": "priests", "*haqšîḇû*": "pay attention/give heed/listen carefully", "*haʾăzînû*": "give ear/listen attentively", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision/case", "*paḥ*": "trap/snare/bird trap", "*rešeṯ*": "net/trap/snare", "*pərûśâ*": "spread out/extended/deployed" } }
• Amos 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Amos.4.1", "source": "שִׁמְע֞וּ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה פָּר֤וֹת הַבָּשָׁן֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּהַ֣ר שֹֽׁמְר֔וֹן הָעֹשְׁק֣וֹת דַּלִּ֔ים הָרֹצְצ֖וֹת אֶבְיוֹנִ֑ים הָאֹמְרֹ֥ת לַאֲדֹֽנֵיהֶ֖ם הָבִ֥יאָה וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃", "text": "*Shimʿû* the *dābār* the *zeh*, *pārôt* the *Bāšān* which in *har* *Šōmrôn*, the *ʿōšqôt* *dallîm*, the *rōṣǝṣôt* *ʾebyônîm*, the *ʾōmǝrôt* to *ʾadōnêhem*: '*hābîʾāh* *wǝ-ništeh*'", "grammar": { "*Shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word/matter/thing", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*pārôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cows/kine of", "*Bāšān*": "proper noun, geographical location - Bashan", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain/hill of", "*Šōmrôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*ʿōšqôt*": "participle, feminine plural - oppressing/exploiting", "*dallîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - poor/weak ones", "*rōṣǝṣôt*": "participle, feminine plural - crushing/trampling", "*ʾebyônîm*": "adjective used as noun, masculine plural - needy/destitute ones", "*ʾōmǝrôt*": "participle, feminine plural - saying", "*ʾadōnêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their masters/lords", "*hābîʾāh*": "imperative, masculine singular with cohortative he - bring!", "*wǝ-ništeh*": "conjunction + cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us drink" }, "variants": { "*pārôt*": "cows/kine [metaphor for wealthy women]", "*Bāšān*": "region known for its fertile land and fat cattle", "*ʿōšqôt*": "oppressing/exploiting/defrauding", "*dallîm*": "poor/weak/thin/lowly ones", "*rōṣǝṣôt*": "crushing/bruising/oppressing/trampling", "*ʾebyônîm*": "needy/poor/destitute ones" } }
• Mic 3:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Micah.3.9", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־נָ֣א זֹ֗את רָאשֵׁי֙ בֵּ֣ית יַעֲקֹ֔ב וּקְצִינֵ֖י בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הַֽמֲתַעֲבִ֣ים מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־הַיְשָׁרָ֖ה יְעַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃", "text": "*šimʿû-nāʾ* this *rāʾšê* *bêt* *yaʿăqōb* and-*qĕṣînê* *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl* the-*mĕtaʿăbîm* *mišpāṭ* and-*ʾēt* all-the-*yĕšārâ* *yĕʿaqqēšû*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "2nd person masculine plural imperative with particle of entreaty - hear please", "*rāʾšê*": "masculine plural construct - heads of", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper name - Jacob", "*qĕṣînê*": "masculine plural construct - rulers/officers of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*mĕtaʿăbîm*": "masculine plural piel participle - abhorring", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*yĕšārâ*": "feminine singular adjective - straight/upright", "*yĕʿaqqēšû*": "3rd person plural piel imperfect - they pervert" }, "variants": { "*šimʿû-nāʾ*": "hear please/listen now", "*mĕtaʿăbîm*": "abhorring/detesting/rejecting", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/right", "*yĕšārâ*": "straight/upright/right", "*yĕʿaqqēšû*": "they pervert/twist/distort" } } 10 { "verseID": "Micah.3.10", "source": "בֹּנֶ֥ה צִיּ֖וֹן בְּדָמִ֑ים וִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם בְּעַוְלָֽה׃", "text": "*bōneh* *ṣiyyôn* with-*dāmîm* and-*yĕrûšālaim* with-*ʿawlâ*", "grammar": { "*bōneh*": "masculine singular qal participle - building", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - blood/bloodshed", "*yĕrûšālaim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*ʿawlâ*": "feminine singular noun - injustice/unrighteousness" }, "variants": { "*bōneh*": "building/one who builds", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*ʿawlâ*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wickedness" } }
• 1 Cor 6:5 : 5 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.6.5", "source": "Πρὸς ἐντροπὴν ὑμῖν λέγω. Οὕτως, οὐκ ἔνι ἐν ὑμῖν σοφὸς; οὐδὲ εἷς, ὃς δυνήσεται διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ αὐτοῦ;", "text": "*Pros* *entropēn* to you I *legō*. *Houtōs*, not *eni* among you *sophos*? Not even one, who *dynēsetai* *diakrinai* *ana meson* of the *adelphou* of him?", "grammar": { "*Pros*": "preposition + accusative - for/toward", "*entropēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - shame/embarrassment", "*hymin*": "dative, 2nd plural - to you", "*legō*": "present indicative, 1st singular - I speak/say", "*Houtōs*": "adverb - thus/so/in this manner", "*ouk eni*": "negative + shortened form of *enestin* - is not present/there is not", "*en hymin*": "preposition + dative, 2nd plural - among you", "*sophos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wise man", "*oude*": "negative conjunction - not even", "*heis*": "nominative, masculine, singular - one", "*hos*": "relative pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - who", "*dynēsetai*": "future indicative, middle, 3rd singular - will be able", "*diakrinai*": "aorist infinitive, active - to judge/to decide/to distinguish", "*ana meson*": "prepositional phrase - between", "*adelphou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - brother", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him" }, "variants": { "*entropēn*": "shame/embarrassment/to bring you to your senses", "*eni*": "is present/exists/is found", "*sophos*": "wise person/one with wisdom", "*diakrinai*": "to judge between/to discern/to settle a dispute", "*ana meson*": "between/in the midst of", "*adelphou*": "brother/fellow believer" } }
• Jer 13:15-18 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.13.15", "source": "שִׁמְע֥וּ וְהַאֲזִ֖ינוּ אַל־תִּגְבָּ֑הוּ כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה דִּבֵּֽר׃", "text": "*Shimʿû wehāʾăzînû*, not *tigebāhû*, for *YHWH dibbēr*.", "grammar": { "*shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*wehāʾăzînû*": "conjunction with hiphil imperative, masculine plural - and give ear", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (with imperative) - do not", "*tigebāhû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - be proud/be haughty", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has spoken" }, "variants": { "*hāʾăzînû*": "give ear/pay attention/listen", "*tigebāhû*": "be proud/be haughty/be lifted up" } } 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.13.16", "source": "תְּנוּ֩ לַיהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֤ם כָּבוֹד֙ בְּטֶ֣רֶם יַחְשִׁ֔ךְ וּבְטֶ֛רֶם יִֽתְנַגְּפ֥וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֖ם עַל־הָ֣רֵי נָ֑שֶׁף וְקִוִּיתֶ֤ם לְאוֹר֙ וְשָׂמָ֣הּ לְצַלְמָ֔וֶת *ישית **וְשִׁ֖ית לַעֲרָפֶֽל׃", "text": "*Tenû* to *YHWH ʾĕlōhêkem kābôd* before *yachshîk* and before *yitnagepû ragalêkem* upon *hārê nāshep*, and *qiwwîtem leʾôr* and *śāmāh leṣalmāwet* and *shît laʿărāpel*.", "grammar": { "*tenû*": "imperative, masculine plural - give", "*laYHWH*": "preposition with proper noun - to the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God", "*kābôd*": "noun, masculine singular - glory/honor", "*beṭerem*": "preposition with adverb - before", "*yachshîk*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it grows dark", "*ûbeṭerem*": "conjunction with preposition with adverb - and before", "*yitnagepû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they stumble", "*ragalêkem*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your feet", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*hārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - mountains of", "*nāshep*": "noun, masculine singular - twilight/darkness", "*weqiwwîtem*": "conjunction with piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you wait/hope", "*leʾôr*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - for light", "*weśāmāh*": "conjunction with perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he will make it", "*leṣalmāwet*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - deep darkness/shadow of death", "*weshît*": "conjunction with infinitive construct alternative form - and set/place", "*laʿărāpel*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - for thick darkness/gloom" }, "variants": { "*nāshep*": "twilight/darkness/dusk", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death", "*shît*": "set/place/put", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick clouds/deep darkness" } } 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.13.17", "source": "וְאִם֙ לֹ֣א תִשְׁמָע֔וּהָ בְּמִסְתָּרִ֥ים תִּבְכֶּֽה־נַפְשִׁ֖י מִפְּנֵ֣י גֵוָ֑ה וְדָמֹ֨עַ תִּדְמַ֜ע וְתֵרַ֤ד עֵינִי֙ דִּמְעָ֔ה כִּ֥י נִשְׁבָּ֖ה עֵ֥דֶר יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And if not *tishmāʿûhā*, in *mistārîm tibkeh*-*napeshî* because of *gēwâ*, and *dāmōaʿ tidmaʿ* and *tērad ʿênî dimʿâ*, for *nishbâ ʿēder YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*weʾim*": "conjunction with conditional particle - and if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tishmāʿûhā*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - you will hear it", "*bemistārîm*": "preposition with noun, masculine plural - in secret places", "*tibkeh*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will weep", "*napeshî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*mippenê*": "compound preposition - because of/from before", "*gēwâ*": "noun, feminine singular - pride", "*wedāmōaʿ*": "conjunction with infinitive absolute - and surely weep", "*tidmaʿ*": "imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will shed tears", "*wetērad*": "conjunction with imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will run down", "*ʿênî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my eye", "*dimʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - tears", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*nishbâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is taken captive", "*ʿēder*": "noun, masculine singular construct - flock of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD" }, "variants": { "*mistārîm*": "secret places/hiding places", "*gēwâ*": "pride/arrogance", "*nishbâ*": "is taken captive/is captured" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.13.18", "source": "אֱמֹ֥ר לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְלַגְּבִירָ֖ה הַשְׁפִּ֣ילוּ שֵׁ֑בוּ כִּ֤י יָרַד֙ מַרְאֲשׁ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּֽפְאַרְתְּכֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾĕmōr* to the *melek* and to the *gebîrâ*, *hashpîlû shēbû*, for *yārad marʾăshôtêkem ʿăṭeret tipʾartekhem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕmōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - say", "*lammelek*": "preposition with definite article with noun, masculine singular - to the king", "*welagebîrâ*": "conjunction with preposition with definite article with noun, feminine singular - and to the queen mother", "*hashpîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - humble yourselves", "*shēbû*": "imperative, masculine plural - sit down", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yārad*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come down", "*marʾăshôtêkem*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your head-place/your headtier", "*ʿăṭeret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - crown of", "*tipʾartekhem*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your beauty/glory" }, "variants": { "*gebîrâ*": "queen mother/mistress", "*marʾăshôtêkem*": "your head coverings/your headpieces", "*ʿăṭeret*": "crown/diadem", "*tipʾartekhem*": "your glory/your splendor/your beauty" } }
• Jer 22:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.2", "source": "׃22 2 וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ שְׁמַ֣ע דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה הַיֹּשֵׁ֖ב עַל־כִּסֵּ֣א דָוִ֑ד אַתָּ֤ה וַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ וְעַמְּךָ֔ הַבָּאִ֖ים בַּשְּׁעָרִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃ ס", "text": "And *wᵉʾāmartā* *šᵉmaʿ* *dᵉbar-YHWH* *melek* *Yᵉhûdāh* the *hayyōšēb* upon *kissēʾ* *Dāwid*, you and *ʿăbādeykā* and *ʿammᵉkā* the *bāʾîm* in *šᵉʿārîm* the these.", "grammar": { "*wᵉʾāmartā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and you shall say", "*šᵉmaʿ*": "imperative, masculine singular - hear/listen", "*dᵉbar-YHWH*": "construct state - word of YHWH", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*Yᵉhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*hayyōšēb*": "definite article + participle, masculine singular - the one sitting/dwelling", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*kissēʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - throne of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ʿăbādeykā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*ʿammᵉkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*habbāʾîm*": "definite article + participle, masculine plural - the ones entering/coming", "*ba-šᵉʿārîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the gates", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative, plural - these" }, "variants": { "*šᵉmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*dᵉbar*": "word/command/matter", "*yōšēb*": "sitting/dwelling/enthroned", "*bāʾîm*": "coming/entering" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.3", "source": "׃22 3 כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה עֲשׂ֤וּ מִשְׁפָּט֙ וּצְדָקָ֔ה וְהַצִּ֥ילוּ גָז֖וּל מִיַּ֣ד עָשׁ֑וֹק וְגֵר֩ יָת֨וֹם וְאַלְמָנָ֤ה אַל־תֹּנוּ֙ אַל־תַּחְמֹ֔סוּ וְדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י אַֽל־תִּשְׁפְּכ֖וּ בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *ʿăśû* *mišpāṭ* and *ṣᵉdāqāh* and *haṣṣîlû* *gāzûl* from *yad* *ʿāšôq*, and *gēr* *yātôm* and *ʾalmānāh* not *tōnû*, not *taḥmōsû*, and *dām* *nāqî* not *tišpᵉkû* in *hammāqôm* the this.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʿăśû*": "imperative, masculine plural - do/practice", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment", "*û-ṣᵉdāqāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and righteousness", "*wᵉ-haṣṣîlû*": "conjunction + imperative, masculine plural, hiphil - and rescue/deliver", "*gāzûl*": "passive participle, masculine singular - one who is robbed/plundered", "*mi-yad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from hand of", "*ʿāšôq*": "noun, masculine singular - oppressor", "*wᵉ-gēr*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and foreigner/sojourner", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan", "*wᵉ-ʾalmānāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and widow", "*ʾal-tōnû*": "negative particle + imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, hiphil jussive - do not oppress/wrong", "*ʾal-taḥmōsû*": "negative particle + imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, qal jussive - do not treat violently", "*wᵉ-dām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and blood of", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - innocent/clean", "*ʾal-tišpᵉkû*": "negative particle + imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, qal jussive - do not shed", "*ba-mmāqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the place", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/legal decision", "*ṣᵉdāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/right behavior", "*gāzûl*": "one robbed/plundered/stolen", "*ʿāšôq*": "oppressor/extortioner", "*tōnû*": "oppress/wrong/mistreat", "*taḥmōsû*": "treat violently/deal ruthlessly/wrong", "*nāqî*": "innocent/blameless/clean" } }
• Deut 1:13-17 : 13 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.13", "source": "הָב֣וּ לָ֠כֶם אֲנָשִׁ֨ים חֲכָמִ֧ים וּנְבֹנִ֛ים וִידֻעִ֖ים לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲשִׂימֵ֖ם בְּרָאשֵׁיכֶֽם", "text": "*hāḇû* for-yourselves *ʾănāšîm* *ḥăḵāmîm* and-*nəḇōnîm* and-*wîḏuʿîm* for-*šiḇṭêḵem* and-*waʾăśîmēm* as-*rāʾšêḵem*", "grammar": { "*hāḇû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - give/provide", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise", "*nəḇōnîm*": "masculine plural adjective - discerning/understanding", "*wîḏuʿîm*": "masculine plural passive participle - known/well-known", "*šiḇṭêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your tribes", "*waʾăśîmēm*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive and 3rd masculine plural suffix - and I will set/appoint them", "*rāʾšêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your heads/leaders" }, "variants": { "*hāḇû*": "give/provide/bring/furnish", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people/persons", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "wise/skillful/experienced", "*nəḇōnîm*": "discerning/understanding/intelligent", "*wîḏuʿîm*": "known/well-known/recognized", "*waʾăśîmēm*": "and I will set/appoint/place/establish them", "*rāʾšêḵem*": "your heads/leaders/chiefs" } } 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.14", "source": "וַֽתַּעֲנ֖וּ אֹתִ֑י וַתֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ טֽוֹב־הַדָּבָ֥ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֖רְתָּ לַעֲשֽׂוֹת", "text": "And-*wattaʿănû* me and-*wattōʾmrû* good-the-*dāḇār* which-*dibbartā* *laʿăśôṯ*", "grammar": { "*wattaʿănû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you answered", "*wattōʾmrû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and you said", "*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/thing", "*dibbartā*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have spoken", "*laʿăśôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - to do" }, "variants": { "*wattaʿănû*": "and you answered/responded", "*wattōʾmrû*": "and you said/spoke/declared", "*dāḇār*": "word/thing/matter/plan", "*dibbartā*": "you have spoken/proposed/suggested", "*laʿăśôṯ*": "to do/make/perform/accomplish" } } 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.15", "source": "וָאֶקַּ֞ח אֶת־רָאשֵׁ֣י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֗ם אֲנָשִׁ֤ים חֲכָמִים֙ וִֽידֻעִ֔ים וָאֶתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם רָאשִׁ֖ים עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם שָׂרֵ֨י אֲלָפִ֜ים וְשָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֗וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֤י חֲמִשִּׁים֙ וְשָׂרֵ֣י עֲשָׂרֹ֔ת וְשֹׁטְרִ֖ים לְשִׁבְטֵיכֶֽם", "text": "And-*wāʾeqqaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-*rāʾšê* *šiḇṭêḵem* *ʾănāšîm* *ḥăḵāmîm* and-*wîḏuʿîm* and-*wāʾettēn* them *rāʾšîm* over-you *śārê* *ʾălāpîm* and-*śārê* *mēʾôṯ* and-*śārê* *ḥămišîm* and-*śārê* *ʿăśārōṯ* and-*šōṭrîm* for-*šiḇṭêḵem*", "grammar": { "*wāʾeqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I took", "*rāʾšê*": "masculine plural construct - heads of", "*šiḇṭêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your tribes", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise", "*wîḏuʿîm*": "masculine plural passive participle - known/well-known", "*wāʾettēn*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I gave/appointed", "*rāʾšîm*": "masculine plural noun - heads/leaders", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - leaders of", "*ʾălāpîm*": "masculine plural noun - thousands", "*mēʾôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - hundreds", "*ḥămišîm*": "common plural noun - fifties", "*ʿăśārōṯ*": "feminine plural noun - tens", "*šōṭrîm*": "masculine plural participle - officers", "*šiḇṭêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your tribes" }, "variants": { "*wāʾeqqaḥ*": "and I took/selected/chose", "*rāʾšê*": "heads/chiefs/leaders of", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people/persons", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "wise/skillful/experienced", "*wîḏuʿîm*": "known/well-known/recognized", "*wāʾettēn*": "and I gave/appointed/established", "*śārê*": "leaders/commanders/officials of", "*šōṭrîm*": "officers/officials/scribes" } } 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.16", "source": "וָאֲצַוֶּה֙ אֶת־שֹׁ֣פְטֵיכֶ֔ם בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִ֖וא לֵאמֹ֑ר שָׁמֹ֤עַ בֵּין־אֲחֵיכֶם֙ וּשְׁפַטְתֶּ֣ם צֶ֔דֶק בֵּֽין־אִ֥ישׁ וּבֵין־אָחִ֖יו וּבֵ֥ין גֵּרֽוֹ", "text": "And-*wāʾăṣawweh* *ʾeṯ*-*šōpṭêḵem* in-the-*ʿēṯ* the-*hî* *lēʾmōr* *šāmōaʿ* between-*ʾăḥêḵem* and-*ušəpaṭtem* *ṣedeq* between-*ʾîš* and-between-*ʾāḥîw* and-between-*gērô*", "grammar": { "*wāʾăṣawweh*": "piel imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I commanded/charged", "*šōpṭêḵem*": "masculine plural participle with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your judges", "*ʿēṯ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the time", "*hî*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun with definite article - that", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šāmōaʿ*": "qal infinitive absolute - hearing/listening", "*ʾăḥêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your brothers", "*ušəpaṭtem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural with waw conjunction - and you shall judge", "*ṣedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness/justice", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*ʾāḥîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*gērô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his foreigner/sojourner" }, "variants": { "*wāʾăṣawweh*": "and I commanded/charged/instructed", "*šōpṭêḵem*": "your judges/magistrates", "*šāmōaʿ*": "hearing/listening/paying attention", "*ʾăḥêḵem*": "your brothers/relatives/kinsmen", "*ušəpaṭtem*": "and you shall judge/decide/govern", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/fairness", "*gērô*": "his foreigner/sojourner/resident alien" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.17", "source": "לֹֽא־תַכִּ֨ירוּ פָנִ֜ים בַּמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט כַּקָּטֹ֤ן כַּגָּדֹל֙ תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן לֹ֤א תָג֙וּרוּ֙ מִפְּנֵי־אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֥י הַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט לֵאלֹהִ֣ים ה֑וּא וְהַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִקְשֶׁ֣ה מִכֶּ֔ם תַּקְרִב֥וּן אֵלַ֖י וּשְׁמַעְתִּֽיו", "text": "Not *takkîrû* *pānîm* in-the-*mišpāṭ*; as-the-*qāṭōn* as-the-*gādōl* *tišmā'ûn*; not *tāgûrû* from-*pənê*-*ʾîš*, for the-*mišpāṭ* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* it; and-the-*dābār* which *yiqšeh* from-you, *taqrîbûn* to-me and-*šāma'tîw*.", "grammar": { "*takkîrû*": "2nd person masculine plural imperfect, hiphil form of *nkr* - 'recognize/acknowledge'", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'faces/persons'", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'judgment/legal decision'", "*qāṭōn*": "masculine singular adjective with prefix *kə* - 'small/insignificant'", "*gādōl*": "masculine singular adjective with prefix *kə* - 'great/significant'", "*tišmā'ûn*": "2nd person masculine plural imperfect - 'you shall hear/listen'", "*tāgûrû*": "2nd person masculine plural imperfect, qal form of *gwr* - 'fear/be afraid'", "*pənê*": "construct form of *pānîm* - 'face of'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man'", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun (used as singular) - 'God'", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'word/matter'", "*yiqšeh*": "3rd person masculine singular imperfect, qal form of *qšh* - 'be difficult/hard'", "*taqrîbûn*": "2nd person masculine plural imperfect, hiphil form of *qrb* - 'bring near/present'", "*šāma'tîw*": "1st person singular perfect with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'I will hear it'" }, "variants": { "*takkîrû pānîm*": "recognize faces/show partiality/be partial", "*tāgûrû*": "be afraid/fear/be in awe", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision/case", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*yiqšeh*": "be difficult/hard/beyond your ability" } }
• Deut 16:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.16.18", "source": "שֹׁפְטִ֣ים וְשֹֽׁטְרִ֗ים תִּֽתֶּן־לְךָ֙ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ נֹתֵ֥ן לְךָ֖ לִשְׁבָטֶ֑יךָ וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִשְׁפַּט־צֶֽדֶק׃", "text": "*šōpəṭîm* *wəšōṭərîm* *titten*-*ləkā* *bəkol*-*šəʿāreykā* *ʾăšer* *YHWH* *ʾělōheykā* *nōtēn* *ləkā* *lišbāṭeykā* *wəšāpəṭû* *ʾet*-*hāʿām* *mišpaṭ*-*ṣedeq*", "grammar": { "*šōpəṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - judges", "*wəšōṭərîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and officers", "*titten*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall appoint (lit: give)", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*bəkol*": "preposition + construct - in all of", "*šəʿāreykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gates/towns", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾělōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nōtēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - giving", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*lišbāṭeykā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - for your tribes", "*wəšāpəṭû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they shall judge", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people", "*mišpaṭ*": "masculine singular construct - judgment of", "*ṣedeq*": "masculine singular noun - righteousness" }, "variants": { "*šōpəṭîm*": "judges/those who judge", "*šōṭərîm*": "officers/officials/scribes", "*šəʿāreykā*": "your gates/towns/settlements", "*šbāṭîm*": "tribes/rods/staffs", "*mišpaṭ*-*ṣedeq*": "righteous judgment/just verdict" } }
• 2 Chr 19:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.19.5", "source": "וַיַּעֲמֵ֨ד שֹֽׁפְטִ֜ים בָּאָ֗רֶץ בְּכָל־עָרֵ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה הַבְּצֻר֖וֹת לְעִ֥יר וָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿămēḏ* *šōp̄əṭîm* in-the-*ʾāreṣ* in-all-cities-of *yəhûḏāh* the-*bəṣurôṯ* for-*ʿîr* and-*ʿîr*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿămēḏ*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he appointed/set up", "*šōp̄əṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judges", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*bəṣurôṯ*": "feminine plural adjective with definite article - the fortified", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "בָּ־": "preposition + definite article - in the", "בְּכָל־": "preposition + noun - in all", "לְ־": "preposition - for", "וָ־": "conjunction - and" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿămēḏ*": "appointed/set up/established", "*šōp̄əṭîm*": "judges/magistrates", "*bəṣurôṯ*": "fortified/walled/strengthened", "*ʿîr* and-*ʿîr*": "city by city/each city/every city" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.19.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־הַשֹּֽׁפְטִ֗ים רְאוּ֙ מָֽה־אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים כִּ֣י לֹ֧א לְאָדָ֛ם תִּשְׁפְּט֖וּ כִּ֣י לַיהוָ֑ה וְעִמָּכֶ֖ם בִּדְבַ֥ר מִשְׁפָּֽט׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to-the-*šōp̄əṭîm* *rəʾû* what-you *ʿōśîm* for not for-*ʾāḏām* *tišpəṭû* but for-*YHWH* and-with-you in-*dəḇar* *mišpāṭ*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šōp̄əṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the judges", "*rəʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - see/consider", "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - doing", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*tišpəṭû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you judge", "*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word/matter of", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment", "אֶל־": "preposition - to", "מָֽה־": "interrogative pronoun - what", "כִּ֣י": "conjunction - for/because", "לֹ֧א": "negative particle - not", "לְ־": "preposition - for", "וְ־": "conjunction - and", "בִּ־": "preposition - in" }, "variants": { "*rəʾû*": "see/watch/consider/take note", "*tišpəṭû*": "you judge/you decide/you govern", "*dəḇar* *mišpāṭ*": "matter of judgment/case of justice/legal matter" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.19.7", "source": "וְעַתָּ֕ה יְהִ֥י פַֽחַד־יְהוָ֖ה עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם שִׁמְר֣וּ וַעֲשׂ֔וּ כִּֽי־אֵ֞ין עִם־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ עַוְלָ֛ה וּמַשֹּׂ֥א פָנִ֖ים וּמִקַּח־שֹֽׁחַד׃", "text": "And-now *yəhî* *p̄aḥaḏ*-*YHWH* upon-you *šimrû* and-*waʿăśû* for-*ʾên* with-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *ʿawlāh* and-*maśōʾ* *p̄ānîm* and-*miqqaḥ*-*šōḥaḏ*", "grammar": { "*yəhî*": "qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let be", "*p̄aḥaḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fear of", "*šimrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - watch/keep/observe", "*waʿăśû*": "waw + qal imperative, masculine plural - and do/act", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st common plural suffix - our God", "*ʿawlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - injustice/wickedness", "*maśōʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lifting/showing favoritism", "*p̄ānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - faces", "*miqqaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - taking of", "*šōḥaḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - bribe", "וְ־": "conjunction - and", "עֲלֵיכֶ֑ם": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "כִּֽי־": "conjunction - for/because", "עִם־": "preposition - with", "וּ־": "conjunction - and" }, "variants": { "*p̄aḥaḏ*": "fear/dread/reverence", "*šimrû*": "watch/guard/observe/be careful", "*ʿawlāh*": "injustice/wrongdoing/wickedness/perversion", "*maśōʾ* *p̄ānîm*": "partiality/favoritism/respect of persons", "*miqqaḥ*-*šōḥaḏ*": "taking of bribes/accepting bribes" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.19.8", "source": "וְגַ֣ם בִּ֠ירוּשָׁלִַם הֶעֱמִ֨יד יְהוֹשָׁפָ֜ט מִן־הַלְוִיִּ֣ם וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֗ים וּמֵרָאשֵׁ֤י הָאָבוֹת֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְמִשְׁפַּ֥ט יְהוָ֖ה וְלָרִ֑יב וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "And-also in-*yərûšālayim* *heʿĕmîḏ* *yəhôšāp̄āṭ* from-the-*ləwiyyîm* and-the-*kōhănîm* and-from-*rāʾšê* the-*ʾāḇôṯ* to-*yiśrāʾēl* for-*mišpaṭ* *YHWH* and-for-the-*rîḇ* and *wayyāšuḇû* *yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*heʿĕmîḏ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he appointed/established", "*yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "proper noun, masculine - Jehoshaphat", "*ləwiyyîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Levites", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the priests", "*rāʾšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - heads/chiefs of", "*ʾāḇôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the fathers", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment of", "*rîḇ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the dispute/controversy", "*wayyāšuḇû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they returned", "וְגַ֣ם": "conjunction + particle - and also", "בִּ־": "preposition - in", "מִן־": "preposition - from", "וְ־": "conjunction - and", "וּמֵ־": "conjunction + preposition - and from", "לְ־": "preposition - for/to" }, "variants": { "*heʿĕmîḏ*": "appointed/established/set up", "*rāʾšê* the-*ʾāḇôṯ*": "heads of the fathers/family chiefs/patriarchal leaders", "*mišpaṭ* *YHWH*": "judgment of YHWH/divine law/LORD's justice", "*rîḇ*": "dispute/controversy/legal case" } } 9 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.19.9", "source": "וַיְצַ֥ו עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֤ה תַעֲשׂוּן֙ בְּיִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה בֶּאֱמוּנָ֖ה וּבְלֵבָ֥ב שָׁלֵֽם׃", "text": "And *wayṣaw* upon-them *lēʾmōr* thus *ṯaʿăśûn* in-*yirʾaṯ* *YHWH* in-*ʾĕmûnāh* and-in-*lēḇāḇ* *šālēm*", "grammar": { "*wayṣaw*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded/charged", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ṯaʿăśûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural paragogic nun - you shall do", "*yirʾaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - fear of", "*ʾĕmûnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - faithfulness/fidelity", "*lēḇāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - heart", "*šālēm*": "adjective, masculine singular - complete/perfect", "עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "כֹּ֤ה": "adverb - thus/so", "בְּ־": "preposition - in", "וּבְ־": "conjunction + preposition - and in" }, "variants": { "*wayṣaw*": "commanded/ordered/charged", "*ṯaʿăśûn*": "you shall do/you shall act/you must perform", "*yirʾaṯ* *YHWH*": "fear of YHWH/reverence for the LORD", "*ʾĕmûnāh*": "faithfulness/fidelity/trustworthiness", "*lēḇāḇ* *šālēm*": "perfect heart/whole heart/complete heart" } } 10 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.19.10", "source": "וְכָל־רִיב֩ אֲשֶׁר־יָב֨וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם מֵאֲחֵיכֶ֣ם ׀ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֣ים בְּעָרֵיהֶ֗ם בֵּֽין־דָּ֣ם ׀ לְדָם֮ בֵּין־תּוֹרָ֣ה לְמִצְוָה֮ לְחֻקִּ֣ים וּלְמִשְׁפָּטִים֒ וְהִזְהַרְתֶּ֣ם אֹתָ֔ם וְלֹ֤א יֶאְשְׁמוּ֙ לַיהוָ֔ה וְהָֽיָה־קֶ֥צֶף עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְעַל־אֲחֵיכֶ֑ם כֹּ֥ה תַעֲשׂ֖וּן וְלֹ֥א תֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃", "text": "And-every-*rîḇ* that-*yāḇôʾ* upon-you from-your-brothers the-*yōšəḇîm* in-their-cities between-*dām* to-*dām* between-*tôrāh* to-*miṣwāh* to-*ḥuqqîm* and-to-*mišpāṭîm* and-*hizhartem* them and-not *yeʾšəmû* to-*YHWH* and-*hāyāh*-*qeṣep̄* upon-you and-upon-your-brothers thus *ṯaʿăśûn* and-not *ṯeʾšāmû*", "grammar": { "*rîḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/case", "*yāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it comes", "*yōšəḇîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones dwelling", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*tôrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - law/instruction", "*miṣwāh*": "noun, feminine singular - commandment", "*ḥuqqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - statutes", "*mišpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments", "*hizhartem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall warn", "*yeʾšəmû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be guilty", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - there will be", "*qeṣep̄*": "noun, masculine singular - wrath", "*ṯaʿăśûn*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural paragogic nun - you shall do", "*ṯeʾšāmû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will be guilty", "וְכָל־": "conjunction + noun - and every", "אֲשֶׁר־": "relative particle - that/which", "מֵ־": "preposition - from", "הַ־": "definite article - the", "בְּ־": "preposition - in", "בֵּֽין־": "preposition - between", "לְ־": "preposition - to", "וּלְ־": "conjunction + preposition - and to", "וְ־": "conjunction - and", "וְלֹ֤א": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "וְעַל־": "conjunction + preposition - and upon", "כֹּ֥ה": "adverb - thus/so" }, "variants": { "*rîḇ*": "dispute/controversy/case/lawsuit", "*yāḇôʾ*": "comes/arrives/enters", "*dām* to-*dām*": "blood to blood/bloodshed case/homicide matters", "*tôrāh* to-*miṣwāh*": "law to commandment/instruction to precept", "*ḥuqqîm* and-to-*mišpāṭîm*": "statutes and judgments/decrees and ordinances", "*hizhartem*": "warn/caution/admonish", "*yeʾšəmû*": "become guilty/incur guilt/be held liable", "*qeṣep̄*": "wrath/anger/indignation", "*ṯeʾšāmû*": "incur guilt/become liable/be guilty" } }
• Ps 14:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.14.4", "source": "הֲלֹ֥א יָדְעוּ֮ כָּל־פֹּ֢עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן אֹכְלֵ֣י עַ֭מִּי אָ֣כְלוּ לֶ֑חֶם יְ֝הוָ֗ה לֹ֣א קָרָֽאוּ׃", "text": "Do they not *yādəʿû*, all *pōʿălê ʾāwen*, *ʾōkəlê ʿammî* as they *ʾākəlû* *leḥem*, *YHWH* they do not *qārāʾû*?", "grammar": { "*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they know/have known", "*pōʿălê ʾāwen*": "construct masculine plural noun + masculine singular noun - workers of iniquity", "*ʾōkəlê ʿammî*": "qal participle masculine plural construct + noun + 1st singular suffix - eaters of my people", "*ʾākəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they have eaten/consumed", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*qārāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they call upon/invoke" }, "variants": { "*pōʿălê ʾāwen*": "workers of iniquity/evildoers/those who practice evil", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/meal", "*qārāʾû*": "call upon/invoke/cry out to" } }