Esther 1:22

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

He sent letters to all the provinces of the kingdom, to each province in its own script and to each people in their own language, announcing that every man should be ruler over his household and speak in his own language.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח סְפָרִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־מְדִינ֣וֹת הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֶל־מְדִינָ֤ה וּמְדִינָה֙ כִּכְתָבָ֔הּ וְאֶל־עַ֥ם וָעָ֖ם כִּלְשׁוֹנ֑וֹ לִהְי֤וֹת כָּל־אִישׁ֙ שֹׂרֵ֣ר בְּבֵית֔וֹ וּמְדַבֵּ֖ר כִּלְשׁ֥וֹן עַמּֽוֹ׃ פ

Transliteration

And wayyišlaḥ səp̄ārîm to all məḏînôṯ the meleḵ, to məḏînâ and məḏînâ according to kiḵṯāḇāh and to ʿam and ʿam according to kilšônô, to lihyôṯ every ʾîš śōrēr in bêṯô and məḏabbēr according to kilšôn ʿammô

Grammar Details

• *wayyišlaḥ*: qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent
• *səp̄ārîm*: masculine plural noun - letters/documents
• *məḏînôṯ*: feminine plural construct - provinces of
• *meleḵ*: masculine singular noun with definite article - the king
• *məḏînâ*: feminine singular noun - province
• *kiḵṯāḇāh*: preposition *kə* + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its writing
• *ʿam*: masculine singular noun - people
• *kilšônô*: preposition *kə* + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its language
• *lihyôṯ*: qal infinitive construct - to be
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - man
• *śōrēr*: qal participle, masculine singular - ruling
• *bêṯô*: masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house
• *məḏabbēr*: piel participle, masculine singular - speaking
• *kilšôn*: preposition *kə* + masculine singular construct - according to language of
• *ʿammô*: masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people

Word Meanings

• *səp̄ārîm*: letters/documents/dispatches
• *kiḵṯāḇāh*: according to its script/in its writing/in its script
• *kilšônô*: according to its language/in its tongue
• *śōrēr*: ruling/master/dominant
• *məḏabbēr*: speaking/declaring/proclaiming

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For he sent letters into all the king's provinc, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to its writing and to every people according to their language, that every man should rule in his own house and that it should be published according to the language of every people.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that it should be published according to the language of every people.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  for he sent{H7971} letters{H5612} into all the king's{H4428} provinces,{H4082} into every province{H4082} according to the writing{H3791} thereof, and to every people{H5971} after their language,{H3956} that every man{H376} should bear rule{H8323} in his own house,{H1004} and should speak{H1696} according to the language{H3956} of his people.{H5971}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For he sent{H7971}{(H8799)} letters{H5612} into all the king's{H4428} provinces{H4082}, into every province{H4082} according to the writing{H3791} thereof, and to every people{H5971} after their language{H3956}, that every man{H376} should bear rule{H8323}{(H8802)} in his own house{H1004}, and that it should be published{H1696}{(H8764)} according to the language{H3956} of every people{H5971}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then were there letters sent forth in to all the kynges londes, in to euery londe acordinge to the wrytinge ther of, and to euery people after their laguage, yt euery man shulde be lorde in his awne house. And this caused he be spoken after the language of his people.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For he sent letters into all the prouinces of the King, into euery prouince according to the writing thereof, and to euery people after their language, that euery man should beare rule in his owne house, and that he should publish it in the language of that same people.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For he sent letters foorth into all the kinges prouinces, into euery lande according to the wryting therof, and to euery people after their language, that euery man shoulde be lorde in his owne house: and this to be published after the language of his people.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and that [it] should be published according to the language of every people.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing of it, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and should speak according to the language of his people.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and sendeth letters unto all provinces of the king, unto province and province according to its writing, and unto people and people according to its tongue, for every man being head in his own house -- and speaking according to the language of his people.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and should speak according to the language of his people.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language, that every man should bear rule in his own house, and should speak according to the language of his people.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And sent letters to all the divisions of the kingdom, to every division in the writing commonly used there, and to every people in the language which was theirs, saying that every man was to be the ruler in his house, and that this order was to be given out in the language of his people.

• World English Bible (2000)

  for he sent letters into all the king's provinces, into every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language, that every man should rule his own house, speaking in the language of his own people.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He sent letters throughout all the royal provinces, to each province according to its own script and to each people according to its own language, that every man should be ruling his family and should be speaking the language of his own people.

Referenced Verses

• Esth 3:12 : 12 On the thirteenth day of the first month, the king’s scribes were summoned and an edict was written according to all that Haman commanded. It was addressed to the satraps of the king, to the governors of each province, and to the officials of every people, to each province in its script and to each people in its language. It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and sealed with the king’s signet ring.
• Esth 8:9 : 9 The king’s scribes were summoned on that day, the third month (the month of Sivan), on the twenty-third day, and an edict was written exactly as Mordecai commanded concerning the Jews, to the satraps, governors, and officials of the 127 provinces from India to Cush, each province in its own script and language, and to the Jews in their own script and language.
• Eph 5:22-24 : 22 Wives, submit to your own husbands as to the Lord. 23 For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, His body, of which He is the Savior. 24 As the church submits to Christ, so also wives should submit to their husbands in everything.
• 1 Tim 2:12 : 12 I do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man; she must be quiet.
• Titus 2:4-5 : 4 They are to encourage the young women to love their husbands and children, 5 to be self-controlled, pure, committed to their homes, kind, and submissive to their own husbands, so that the word of God may not be slandered.
• Dan 3:29 : 29 Therefore I issue a decree that any people, nation, or language that speaks against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-Nego shall be cut into pieces and their houses reduced to rubble, for no other god can save in this way.'
• Dan 4:1 : 1 I, Nebuchadnezzar, was at ease in my house and flourishing in my palace.
• Luke 16:8 : 8 The master praised the dishonest manager for acting shrewdly, because the people of this world are more shrewd in dealing with their own kind than are the people of the light.
• Acts 2:5-9 : 5 Now there were devout Jews residing in Jerusalem, from every nation under heaven. 6 When they heard this sound, a crowd came together in bewilderment because each one heard them speaking in their own language. 7 They were astonished and amazed, saying, 'Aren't all these who are speaking Galileans?' 8 How is it that each of us hears them in our native language where we were born? 9 Parthians, Medes, Elamites, residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, 10 Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene, visitors from Rome, 11 both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs—we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!
• 1 Cor 14:19-20 : 19 But in the church, I would rather speak five intelligible words to instruct others than ten thousand words in a tongue. 20 Brothers and sisters, do not be children in your thinking. Be infants in regard to evil, but in your thinking be mature.