20{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.20",
"source": "וַיִּזָּעֵ֣ק שָׁא֗וּל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה הָיְתָ֜ה חֶ֤רֶב אִישׁ֙ בְּרֵעֵ֔הוּ מְהוּמָ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *wayyizzāʿēq* *šāʾûl* and all the *hāʿām* who was with him, and *wayyābōʾû* unto the *milḥāmâ*; and *wĕhinnēh* *hāyĕtâ* *ḥereb* *ʾîš* against his *rēʿēhû*, *mĕhûmâ* *gĕdôlâ* *mĕʾōd*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyizzāʿēq*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he was called together/assembled",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*wayyābōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural, waw consecutive - and they came",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and preposition - to the battle",
"*wĕhinnēh*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold",
"*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was",
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each man",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, and preposition - against his neighbor/comrade",
"*mĕhûmâ*": "feminine singular noun - confusion/panic",
"*gĕdôlâ*": "feminine singular adjective - great",
"*mĕʾōd*": "adverb - very"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyizzāʿēq*": "was summoned/assembled/called together/mustered",
"*ḥereb ʾîš bĕrēʿēhû*": "each man's sword against his companion/fighting among themselves",
"*mĕhûmâ*": "confusion/panic/disarray/disorder"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.21",
"source": "וְהָעִבְרִ֗ים הָי֤וּ לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ כְּאֶתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָל֥וּ עִמָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה סָבִ֑יב וְגַם־הֵ֗מָּה לִֽהְיוֹת֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שָׁא֖וּל וְיוֹנָתָֽן׃",
"text": "And the *ʿibrîm* *hāyû* to the *pĕlištîm* as *ʾetmôl šilšôm*, who went up with them into the *maḥăneh* *sābîb*; and also *hēmmâ* to be with *yiśrāʾēl* who were with *šāʾûl* and *yônātān*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿibrîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Hebrews",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - were",
"*pĕlištîm*": "proper noun with definite article and preposition - to the Philistines",
"*ʾetmôl šilšôm*": "adverbial phrase - yesterday and third day (idiom for previously)",
"*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - in the camp",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - round about",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd person plural pronoun with emphatic particle - they themselves",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition - with Israel",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun with preposition - with Saul",
"*yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿibrîm*": "Hebrews/Hebrew people",
"*ʾetmôl šilšôm*": "previously/earlier/before/in times past",
"*lihyôt*": "to be/became/turned/joined"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.22",
"source": "וְכֹל֩ אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הַמִּֽתְחַבְּאִ֤ים בְּהַר־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־נָ֖סוּ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַֽיַּדְבְּק֥וּ גַם־הֵ֛מָּה אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "And all *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* the *mitḥabbĕʾîm* in *har-ʾeprayim* *šāmĕʿû* that *nāsû* *pĕlištîm*; and *wayyaddĕbĕqû* also *hēmmâ* after them in the *milḥāmâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct noun - men of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*mitḥabbĕʾîm*": "hithpael participle, masculine plural with definite article - hiding themselves",
"*har-ʾeprayim*": "masculine singular construct noun with proper noun - mountain/hill country of Ephraim",
"*šāmĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they heard",
"*nāsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fled",
"*pĕlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*wayyaddĕbĕqû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural, waw consecutive - and they pursued/followed closely",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd person plural pronoun with emphatic particle - they themselves",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and preposition - in the battle"
},
"variants": {
"*mitḥabbĕʾîm*": "hiding themselves/concealing themselves",
"*wayyaddĕbĕqû*": "pursued closely/followed hard after/joined in pursuit"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.23",
"source": "וַיּ֧וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהַ֨מִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָבְרָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃",
"text": "And *wayyôšaʿ* *yhwh* in that day *ʾet-yiśrāʾēl*; and the *milḥāmâ* *ʿābrâ* *ʾet-bêt ʾāwen*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyôšaʿ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he saved",
"*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*ʾet-yiśrāʾēl*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Israel",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the battle",
"*ʿābrâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - passed over/went beyond",
"*ʾet-bêt ʾāwen*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Beth-aven"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyôšaʿ*": "saved/delivered/rescued",
"*ʿābrâ*": "passed beyond/extended beyond/moved past",
"*bêt ʾāwen*": "Beth-aven (place name, lit. 'house of wickedness/vanity')"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.24",
"source": "וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נִגַּ֖שׂ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיֹּאֶל֩ שָׁא֨וּל אֶת־הָעָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר אָר֣וּר הָ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֨אכַל לֶ֜חֶם עַד־הָעֶ֗רֶב וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י וְלֹֽא טָעַ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃ ס",
"text": "And *ʾîš-yiśrāʾēl* *niggaś* in that day; and *wayyōʾel* *šāʾûl* *ʾet-hāʿām* saying, *ʾārûr* the *hāʾîš* who *yōʾkal* *leḥem* until the *hāʿereb* and *wĕniqqamtî* from my *ʾōyĕbay*, and not *ṭāʿam* all the *hāʿām* *lāḥem*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾîš-yiśrāʾēl*": "masculine singular construct noun + proper noun - men of Israel",
"*niggaś*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was distressed/hard-pressed",
"*wayyōʾel*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he adjured/made swear",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾet-hāʿām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*ʾārûr*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - cursed be",
"*hāʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man",
"*yōʾkal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - eats",
"*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - food/bread",
"*hāʿereb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the evening",
"*wĕniqqamtî*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 1st person singular - and I am avenged",
"*ʾōyĕbay*": "qal participle, masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my enemies",
"*ṭāʿam*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - tasted",
"*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*lāḥem*": "masculine singular noun - food/bread"
},
"variants": {
"*niggaś*": "was distressed/hard-pressed/wearied/exhausted",
"*wayyōʾel*": "adjured/made swear/put under oath",
"*leḥem*": "food/bread/nourishment",
"*wĕniqqamtî*": "I am avenged/I take vengeance"
}
}