20 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.20",
"source": "וַיִּזָּעֵ֣ק שָׁא֗וּל וְכָל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ עַד־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה הָיְתָ֜ה חֶ֤רֶב אִישׁ֙ בְּרֵעֵ֔הוּ מְהוּמָ֖ה גְּדוֹלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *wayyizzāʿēq* *šāʾûl* and all the *hāʿām* who was with him, and *wayyābōʾû* unto the *milḥāmâ*; and *wĕhinnēh* *hāyĕtâ* *ḥereb* *ʾîš* against his *rēʿēhû*, *mĕhûmâ* *gĕdôlâ* *mĕʾōd*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyizzāʿēq*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he was called together/assembled",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*wayyābōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural, waw consecutive - and they came",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and preposition - to the battle",
"*wĕhinnēh*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold",
"*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was",
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each man",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, and preposition - against his neighbor/comrade",
"*mĕhûmâ*": "feminine singular noun - confusion/panic",
"*gĕdôlâ*": "feminine singular adjective - great",
"*mĕʾōd*": "adverb - very"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyizzāʿēq*": "was summoned/assembled/called together/mustered",
"*ḥereb ʾîš bĕrēʿēhû*": "each man's sword against his companion/fighting among themselves",
"*mĕhûmâ*": "confusion/panic/disarray/disorder"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.21",
"source": "וְהָעִבְרִ֗ים הָי֤וּ לַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ כְּאֶתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשׁ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָל֥וּ עִמָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה סָבִ֑יב וְגַם־הֵ֗מָּה לִֽהְיוֹת֙ עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עִם־שָׁא֖וּל וְיוֹנָתָֽן׃",
"text": "And the *ʿibrîm* *hāyû* to the *pĕlištîm* as *ʾetmôl šilšôm*, who went up with them into the *maḥăneh* *sābîb*; and also *hēmmâ* to be with *yiśrāʾēl* who were with *šāʾûl* and *yônātān*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿibrîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Hebrews",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - were",
"*pĕlištîm*": "proper noun with definite article and preposition - to the Philistines",
"*ʾetmôl šilšôm*": "adverbial phrase - yesterday and third day (idiom for previously)",
"*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - in the camp",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - round about",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd person plural pronoun with emphatic particle - they themselves",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition - with Israel",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun with preposition - with Saul",
"*yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿibrîm*": "Hebrews/Hebrew people",
"*ʾetmôl šilšôm*": "previously/earlier/before/in times past",
"*lihyôt*": "to be/became/turned/joined"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.22",
"source": "וְכֹל֩ אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הַמִּֽתְחַבְּאִ֤ים בְּהַר־אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־נָ֖סוּ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַֽיַּדְבְּק֥וּ גַם־הֵ֛מָּה אַחֲרֵיהֶ֖ם בַּמִּלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "And all *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* the *mitḥabbĕʾîm* in *har-ʾeprayim* *šāmĕʿû* that *nāsû* *pĕlištîm*; and *wayyaddĕbĕqû* also *hēmmâ* after them in the *milḥāmâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct noun - men of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*mitḥabbĕʾîm*": "hithpael participle, masculine plural with definite article - hiding themselves",
"*har-ʾeprayim*": "masculine singular construct noun with proper noun - mountain/hill country of Ephraim",
"*šāmĕʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they heard",
"*nāsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fled",
"*pĕlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*wayyaddĕbĕqû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd common plural, waw consecutive - and they pursued/followed closely",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd person plural pronoun with emphatic particle - they themselves",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and preposition - in the battle"
},
"variants": {
"*mitḥabbĕʾîm*": "hiding themselves/concealing themselves",
"*wayyaddĕbĕqû*": "pursued closely/followed hard after/joined in pursuit"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.23",
"source": "וַיּ֧וֹשַׁע יְהוָ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהַ֨מִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָבְרָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית אָֽוֶן׃",
"text": "And *wayyôšaʿ* *yhwh* in that day *ʾet-yiśrāʾēl*; and the *milḥāmâ* *ʿābrâ* *ʾet-bêt ʾāwen*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyôšaʿ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he saved",
"*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD",
"*ʾet-yiśrāʾēl*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Israel",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the battle",
"*ʿābrâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - passed over/went beyond",
"*ʾet-bêt ʾāwen*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Beth-aven"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyôšaʿ*": "saved/delivered/rescued",
"*ʿābrâ*": "passed beyond/extended beyond/moved past",
"*bêt ʾāwen*": "Beth-aven (place name, lit. 'house of wickedness/vanity')"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.24",
"source": "וְאִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נִגַּ֖שׂ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וַיֹּאֶל֩ שָׁא֨וּל אֶת־הָעָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר אָר֣וּר הָ֠אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֨אכַל לֶ֜חֶם עַד־הָעֶ֗רֶב וְנִקַּמְתִּי֙ מֵאֹ֣יְבַ֔י וְלֹֽא טָעַ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לָֽחֶם׃ ס",
"text": "And *ʾîš-yiśrāʾēl* *niggaś* in that day; and *wayyōʾel* *šāʾûl* *ʾet-hāʿām* saying, *ʾārûr* the *hāʾîš* who *yōʾkal* *leḥem* until the *hāʿereb* and *wĕniqqamtî* from my *ʾōyĕbay*, and not *ṭāʿam* all the *hāʿām* *lāḥem*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾîš-yiśrāʾēl*": "masculine singular construct noun + proper noun - men of Israel",
"*niggaś*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was distressed/hard-pressed",
"*wayyōʾel*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he adjured/made swear",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾet-hāʿām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*ʾārûr*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - cursed be",
"*hāʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man",
"*yōʾkal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - eats",
"*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - food/bread",
"*hāʿereb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the evening",
"*wĕniqqamtî*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 1st person singular - and I am avenged",
"*ʾōyĕbay*": "qal participle, masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my enemies",
"*ṭāʿam*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - tasted",
"*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*lāḥem*": "masculine singular noun - food/bread"
},
"variants": {
"*niggaś*": "was distressed/hard-pressed/wearied/exhausted",
"*wayyōʾel*": "adjured/made swear/put under oath",
"*leḥem*": "food/bread/nourishment",
"*wĕniqqamtî*": "I am avenged/I take vengeance"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.25",
"source": "וְכָל־הָאָ֖רֶץ בָּ֣אוּ בַיָּ֑עַר וַיְהִ֥י דְבַ֖שׁ עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃",
"text": "And all the *hāʾāreṣ* *bāʾû* into the *yaʿar*; and *wayĕhî* *dĕbaš* upon the *pĕnê* of the *haśśādeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/country",
"*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they came/entered",
"*yaʿar*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - into the forest/woods",
"*wayĕhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and there was",
"*dĕbaš*": "masculine singular noun - honey",
"*pĕnê*": "masculine plural construct noun with preposition - upon the surface of",
"*haśśādeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the field"
},
"variants": {
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "land/country/people of the land",
"*dĕbaš*": "honey/honeycomb",
"*pĕnê haśśādeh*": "surface of the field/open ground"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.26",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֤א הָעָם֙ אֶל־הַיַּ֔עַר וְהִנֵּ֖ה הֵ֣לֶךְ דְּבָ֑שׁ וְאֵין־מַשִּׂ֤יג יָדוֹ֙ אֶל־פִּ֔יו כִּֽי־יָרֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם אֶת־הַשְּׁבֻעָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyābōʾ* the *hāʿām* unto the *hayyaʿar*, and *wĕhinnēh* *hēlek* *dĕbāš*; and no one *maśśîg* his *yādô* unto his *pîw*, for *yārēʾ* the *hāʿām* *ʾet-haššĕbuʿâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he came",
"*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*hayyaʿar*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - to the forest",
"*wĕhinnēh*": "conjunction + interjection - and behold",
"*hēlek*": "masculine singular construct noun - flowing of",
"*dĕbāš*": "masculine singular noun - honey",
"*maśśîg*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - extending/putting",
"*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*pîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix and preposition - to his mouth",
"*yārēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - feared",
"*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*ʾet-haššĕbuʿâ*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with definite article - the oath"
},
"variants": {
"*hēlek dĕbāš*": "flowing honey/dripping honeycomb",
"*maśśîg*": "extending/putting/bringing",
"*yārēʾ*": "feared/was afraid of/respected"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.27",
"source": "וְיוֹנָתָ֣ן לֹֽא־שָׁמַ֗ע בְּהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ אָבִיו֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וַיִּשְׁלַ֗ח אֶת־קְצֵ֤ה הַמַּטֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּיָד֔וֹ וַיִּטְבֹּ֥ל אוֹתָ֖הּ בְּיַעְרַ֣ת הַדְּבָ֑שׁ וַיָּ֤שֶׁב יָדוֹ֙ אֶל־פִּ֔יו *ותראנה **וַתָּאֹ֖רְנָה עֵינָֽיו׃",
"text": "But *yônātān* not *šāmaʿ* when *hašbîaʿ* his *ʾābîw* *ʾet-hāʿām*, and *wayyišlaḥ* *ʾet-qĕṣēh* the *hammaṭṭeh* which was in his *yādô*, and *wayyiṭbōl* *ʾôtāh* in *yaʿărat* the *haddĕbāš*, and *wayyāšeb* his *yādô* unto his *pîw*, and *wattāʾōrnâ* his *ʿênāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan",
"*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - heard",
"*hašbîaʿ*": "hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - caused to swear",
"*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father",
"*ʾet-hāʿām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he put forth/extended",
"*ʾet-qĕṣēh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct noun - the end of",
"*hammaṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff/rod",
"*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix and preposition - in his hand",
"*wayyiṭbōl*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he dipped",
"*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd feminine singular suffix - it",
"*yaʿărat*": "feminine singular construct noun with preposition - in the honeycomb of",
"*haddĕbāš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the honey",
"*wayyāšeb*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he brought back",
"*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*pîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix and preposition - to his mouth",
"*wattāʾōrnâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural, waw consecutive - and they brightened",
"*ʿênāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes"
},
"variants": {
"*wattāʾōrnâ ʿênāyw*": "his eyes brightened/his eyes lit up/his eyes were enlightened",
"*yaʿărat haddĕbāš*": "honeycomb/honey comb/dripping honey"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.28",
"source": "וַיַּעַן֩ אִ֨ישׁ מֵֽהָעָ֜ם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַשְׁבֵּעַ֩ הִשְׁבִּ֨יעַ אָבִ֤יךָ אֶת־הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֥וּר הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יֹ֥אכַל לֶ֖חֶם הַיּ֑וֹם וַיָּ֖עַף הָעָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyaʿan* an *ʾîš* from the *hāʿām* and *wayyōʾmer*, *hašbēaʿ* *hišbîaʿ* your *ʾābîkā* *ʾet-hāʿām* saying, *ʾārûr* the *hāʾîš* who *yōʾkal* *leḥem* this day; and *wayyāʿap* the *hāʿām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿan*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he answered",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - a man",
"*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - from the people",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he said",
"*hašbēaʿ*": "hiphil infinitive absolute - strictly",
"*hišbîaʿ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he adjured/caused to swear",
"*ʾābîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your father",
"*ʾet-hāʿām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with definite article - the people",
"*ʾārûr*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - cursed be",
"*hāʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man",
"*yōʾkal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - eats",
"*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - food/bread",
"*wayyāʿap*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he was faint",
"*hāʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*hašbēaʿ hišbîaʿ*": "strictly adjured/solemnly charged/strongly made swear",
"*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse",
"*wayyāʿap*": "was faint/was weary/became exhausted"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.14.29",
"source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ יֽוֹנָתָ֔ן עָכַ֥ר אָבִ֖י אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ רְאוּ־נָא֙ כִּֽי־אֹ֣רוּ עֵינַ֔י כִּ֣י טָעַ֔מְתִּי מְעַ֖ט דְּבַ֥שׁ הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *yônātān*, *ʿākar* my *ʾābî* *ʾet-hāʾāreṣ*; *rĕʾû-nāʾ* that *ʾōrû* my *ʿênay*, because *ṭāʿamtî* a little of this *dĕbaš*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, waw consecutive - and he said",
"*yônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan",
"*ʿākar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has troubled",
"*ʾābî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my father",
"*ʾet-hāʾāreṣ*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun with definite article - the land",
"*rĕʾû-nāʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine plural + particle of entreaty - see, please",
"*ʾōrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are brightened",
"*ʿênay*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes",
"*ṭāʿamtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I tasted",
"*dĕbaš*": "masculine singular noun - honey"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿākar*": "troubled/brought disaster upon/disturbed/harmed",
"*ʾōrû ʿênay*": "my eyes are brightened/my eyes are enlightened/my strength is renewed"
}
}