Jonah 3:2-9 : 2 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.2",
"source": "ק֛וּם לֵ֥ךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֖ה הָעִ֣יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֑ה וִּקְרָ֤א אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ אֶת־הַקְּרִיאָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י דֹּבֵ֥ר אֵלֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "*qûm* *lēḵ* to-*nînəwēh* the-*ʿîr* the-*gəḏôlāh* and-*qərāʾ* to-her *ʾeṯ*-the-*qərîʾāh* *ʾăšer* *ʾānōḵî* *ḏōḇēr* to-you.",
"grammar": {
"*qûm*": "qal imperative masculine singular - arise/stand up",
"*lēḵ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go/walk",
"*nînəwēh*": "proper noun with directional preposition - to Nineveh",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the great",
"*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular with waw conjunction - and call/proclaim",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*qərîʾāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the proclamation/message",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*ḏōḇēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - speaking/telling",
"*ʾēleḵā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you"
},
"variants": {
"*qûm*": "arise/stand up/prepare",
"*lēḵ*": "go/walk/depart",
"*qərāʾ*": "call/proclaim/cry out",
"*qərîʾāh*": "proclamation/message/announcement"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.3",
"source": "וַיָּ֣קָם יוֹנָ֗ה וַיֵּ֛לֶךְ אֶל־נִֽינְוֵ֖[t]ה כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֑ה וְנִֽינְוֵ֗ה הָיְתָ֤ה עִיר־גְּדוֹלָה֙ לֵֽאלֹהִ֔ים מַהֲלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִֽים׃",
"text": "And-*wayyāqām* *yônāh* and-*wayyēleḵ* to-*nînəwēh* according-to-*ḏəḇar* *YHWH* and-*nînəwēh* *hāyəṯāh* *ʿîr*-*gəḏôlāh* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *mahălaḵ* *šəlōšeṯ* *yāmîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāqām*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he arose",
"*yônāh*": "proper noun - Jonah",
"*wayyēleḵ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went",
"*nînəwēh*": "proper noun with directional preposition - to Nineveh",
"*ḏəḇar*": "construct masculine singular with preposition - according to word/command of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*hāyəṯāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she was/had been",
"*ʿîr*": "construct feminine singular noun - city of",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "feminine singular adjective - great",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with preposition - to/for God",
"*mahălaḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - journey/walk of",
"*šəlōšeṯ*": "construct feminine singular numeral - three of",
"*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyəṯāh*": "was/existed/had become",
"*lēʾlōhîm*": "to God/exceedingly/divine perspective",
"*mahălaḵ*": "journey/distance/walking route"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.4",
"source": "וַיָּ֤חֶל יוֹנָה֙ לָב֣וֹא בָעִ֔יר מַהֲלַ֖ךְ י֣וֹם אֶחָ֑ד וַיִּקְרָא֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר ע֚וֹד אַרְבָּעִ֣ים י֔וֹם וְנִֽינְוֵ֖ה נֶהְפָּֽכֶת׃",
"text": "And-*wayyāḥel* *yônāh* *lāḇôʾ* in-the-*ʿîr* *mahălaḵ* *yôm* *ʾeḥāḏ* and-*wayyiqrāʾ* and-*wayyōʾmar* *ʿôḏ* *ʾarbāʿîm* *yôm* and-*nînəwēh* *nehpāḵeṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāḥel*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he began",
"*yônāh*": "proper noun - Jonah",
"*lāḇôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to enter/come",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with preposition and definite article - in the city",
"*mahălaḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - journey/walk of",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "masculine singular numeral - one",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he proclaimed",
"*wayyōʾmar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet",
"*ʾarbāʿîm*": "plural numeral - forty",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day",
"*nînəwēh*": "proper noun with waw conjunction - and Nineveh",
"*nehpāḵeṯ*": "niphal participle feminine singular - being overturned/overthrown"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāḥel*": "and he began/started/commenced",
"*lāḇôʾ*": "to enter/come into/arrive at",
"*nehpāḵeṯ*": "being overturned/overthrown/destroyed/transformed"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.5",
"source": "וַֽיַּאֲמִ֛ינוּ אַנְשֵׁ֥י נִֽינְוֵ֖ה בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים וַיִּקְרְאוּ־צוֹם֙ וַיִּלְבְּשׁ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֔ים מִגְּדוֹלָ֖ם וְעַד־קְטַנָּֽם׃",
"text": "And-*wayyaʾămînû* *ʾanšēy* *nînəwēh* in-*ʾĕlōhîm* and-*wayyiqrəʾû*-*ṣôm* and-*wayyilbəšû* *śaqqîm* from-*gəḏôlām* and-until-*qəṭannām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʾămînû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they believed",
"*ʾanšēy*": "masculine plural construct noun - men of",
"*nînəwēh*": "proper noun - Nineveh",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with preposition - in God",
"*wayyiqrəʾû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they called/proclaimed",
"*ṣôm*": "masculine singular noun - fast",
"*wayyilbəšû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they put on",
"*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth",
"*gəḏôlām*": "masculine singular adjective with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and preposition - from their great (ones)",
"*qəṭannām*": "masculine singular adjective with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and preposition - to their small (ones)"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaʾămînû*": "and they believed/trusted/had faith in",
"*wayyiqrəʾû*": "and they called/proclaimed/announced",
"*gəḏôlām*": "their great ones/important people/adults",
"*qəṭannām*": "their small ones/unimportant people/children"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.6",
"source": "וַיִּגַּ֤ע הַדָּבָר֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶך נִֽינְוֵ֔ה וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מִכִּסְא֔וֹ וַיַּעֲבֵ֥ר אַדַּרְתּ֖וֹ מֵֽעָלָ֑יו וַיְכַ֣ס שַׂ֔ק וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב עַל־הָאֵֽפֶר׃",
"text": "And-*wayyiggaʿ* the-*dāḇār* to-*meleḵ* *nînəwēh* and-*wayyāqām* from-*kissəʾô* and-*wayyaʿăḇēr* *ʾaddarttô* from-*ʿālāyw* and-*wayəḵas* *śaq* and-*wayyēšeḇ* on-the-*ʾēp̄er*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiggaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it reached",
"*dāḇār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/matter",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct noun - king of",
"*nînəwēh*": "proper noun - Nineveh",
"*wayyāqām*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he arose",
"*kissəʾô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition - from his throne",
"*wayyaʿăḇēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he removed",
"*ʾaddarttô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his robe",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from upon him",
"*wayəḵas*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he covered",
"*śaq*": "masculine singular noun - sackcloth",
"*wayyēšeḇ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sat",
"*ʾēp̄er*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the ashes/dust"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiggaʿ*": "and it reached/arrived at/came to",
"*dāḇār*": "word/matter/news/report",
"*ʾaddarttô*": "his robe/mantle/royal garment",
"*wayəḵas*": "and he covered/clothed/wrapped himself with",
"*ʾēp̄er*": "dust/ashes/rubble"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.7",
"source": "וַיַּזְעֵ֗ק וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ בְּנִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִטַּ֧עַם הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וּגְדֹלָ֖יו לֵאמֹ֑ר הָאָדָ֨ם וְהַבְּהֵמָ֜ה הַבָּקָ֣ר וְהַצֹּ֗אן אַֽל־יִטְעֲמוּ֙ מְא֔וּמָה אַ֨ל־יִרְע֔וּ וּמַ֖יִם אַל־יִשְׁתּֽוּ׃",
"text": "And-*wayyazʿēq* and-*wayyōʾmer* in-*nînəwēh* from-*ṭaʿam* the-*meleḵ* and-*gəḏōlāyw* *lēʾmōr* the-*ʾāḏām* and-the-*bəhēmāh* the-*bāqār* and-the-*ṣōʾn* not-*yiṭʿămû* *məʾûmāh* not-*yirʿû* and-*mayim* not-*yištû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyazʿēq*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to cry out",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*nînəwēh*": "proper noun with preposition - in Nineveh",
"*ṭaʿam*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - from decree/command of",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king",
"*gəḏōlāyw*": "masculine plural adjective with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and conjunction - and his great ones",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man/mankind",
"*bəhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and conjunction - and the beast/animal",
"*bāqār*": "masculine singular collective noun with definite article - the herd/cattle",
"*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular collective noun with definite article and conjunction - and the flock/sheep",
"*yiṭʿămû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle - let them not taste",
"*məʾûmāh*": "indefinite pronoun - anything",
"*yirʿû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle - let them not graze/feed",
"*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with conjunction - and water",
"*yištû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with negative particle - let them not drink"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyazʿēq*": "and he proclaimed/cried out/made proclamation",
"*ṭaʿam*": "decree/command/order/decision",
"*gəḏōlāyw*": "his nobles/officials/great ones",
"*məʾûmāh*": "anything/something/at all"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.8",
"source": "וְיִתְכַּסּ֣וּ שַׂקִּ֗ים הָֽאָדָם֙ וְהַבְּהֵמָ֔ה וְיִקְרְא֥וּ אֶל־אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּחָזְקָ֑ה וְיָשֻׁ֗בוּ אִ֚ישׁ מִדַּרְכּ֣וֹ הָֽרָעָ֔ה וּמִן־הֶחָמָ֖ס אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּכַפֵּיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And-*yiṯkassû* *śaqqîm* the-*ʾāḏām* and-the-*bəhēmāh* and-*yiqrəʾû* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* in-*ḥāzəqāh* and-*yāšuḇû* *ʾîš* from-*darkô* the-*rāʿāh* and-from-the-*ḥāmās* *ʾăšer* in-*kappêhem*.",
"grammar": {
"*yiṯkassû*": "hitpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them cover themselves",
"*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth",
"*ʾāḏām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man/mankind",
"*bəhēmāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and conjunction - and the beast/animal",
"*yiqrəʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them call",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God",
"*ḥāzəqāh*": "feminine singular adjective with preposition - with strength/force",
"*yāšuḇû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw conjunction - and let them turn",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/person",
"*darkô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition - from his way",
"*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the evil",
"*ḥāmās*": "masculine singular noun with definite article and preposition - and from the violence",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*kappêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and preposition - in their palms/hands"
},
"variants": {
"*yiṯkassû*": "let them cover themselves/be covered/wrap themselves",
"*ḥāzəqāh*": "strength/intensity/earnestness",
"*yāšuḇû*": "let them turn/return/repent",
"*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice/cruelty"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.9",
"source": "מִֽי־יוֹדֵ֣עַ יָשׁ֔וּב וְנִחַ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים וְשָׁ֛ב מֵחֲר֥וֹן אַפּ֖וֹ וְלֹ֥א נֹאבֵֽד׃",
"text": "*mî*-*yôḏēaʿ* *yāšûḇ* and-*niḥam* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* and-*šāḇ* from-*ḥărôn* *ʾappô* and-not *nōʾḇēḏ*.",
"grammar": {
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who",
"*yôḏēaʿ*": "qal participle masculine singular - knowing",
"*yāšûḇ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will turn",
"*niḥam*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw conjunction - and be relenting",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God",
"*šāḇ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw conjunction - and turn away",
"*ḥărôn*": "masculine singular construct noun with preposition - from heat of",
"*ʾappô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostrils",
"*nōʾḇēḏ*": "qal imperfect 1st person plural with negative particle - we will not perish"
},
"variants": {
"*mî*-*yôḏēaʿ*": "who knows/perhaps/it may be that",
"*yāšûḇ*": "he will turn/return/relent",
"*niḥam*": "will relent/be sorry/change his mind",
"*ḥărôn* *ʾappô*": "burning of his anger/fierce wrath/intense rage"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Jonah.3.10",
"source": "וַיַּ֤רְא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶֽת־מַ֣עֲשֵׂיהֶ֔ם כִּי־שָׁ֖בוּ מִדַּרְכָּ֣ם הָרָעָ֑ה וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים עַל־הָרָעָ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר לַעֲשׂוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם וְלֹ֥א עָשָֽׂה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyarʾ* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾeṯ*-*maʿăśêhem* that-*šāḇû* from-*darkām* the-*rāʿāh* and-*wayyinnāḥem* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* on-the-*rāʿāh* *ʾăšer*-*dibber* to-*laʿăśôṯ*-to-them and-not *ʿāśāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*maʿăśêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their works/deeds",
"*šāḇû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they turned/returned",
"*darkām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and preposition - from their way",
"*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the evil",
"*wayyinnāḥem*": "waw-consecutive + niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he relented/was sorry",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God",
"*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article and preposition - concerning the evil/calamity",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*dibber*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he had spoken",
"*laʿăśôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do/bring",
"*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with negative particle - he did not do"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "and he saw/observed/perceived",
"*maʿăśêhem*": "their deeds/actions/works",
"*šāḇû*": "they turned/returned/repented",
"*wayyinnāḥem*": "and he relented/changed his mind/was sorry",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/calamity/disaster/harm"
}
}