21 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.21",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַסּ֖וּס וְאֶת־הָרָ֑כֶב וְהִכָּ֥ה בַאֲרָ֖ם מַכָּ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyēṣēʾ* [went out] *meleḵ* [king of] *yiśrāʾēl* [Israel], and *wayyaḵ* [he struck] the *hassûs* [horses] and the *hārāḵeḇ* [chariots]; and *wᵊhikkâ* [he struck] *baʾărām* [in Aram/Syria] *makkâ* [a striking] *gᵊḏôlâ* [great].",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he went out",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*wayyaḵ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he struck",
"*hassûs*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the horse(s)",
"*hārāḵeḇ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the chariot(s)",
"*wᵊhikkâ*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he struck",
"*baʾărām*": "preposition + proper name - in Aram/Syria",
"*makkâ*": "feminine singular noun - striking/blow/slaughter",
"*gᵊḏôlâ*": "feminine singular adjective - great/large"
},
"variants": {
"*hassûs*": "the horse/horses (collective singular)",
"*hārāḵeḇ*": "the chariot(s)/chariotry (collective singular)",
"*makkâ gᵊḏôlâ*": "great blow/slaughter/defeat/destruction"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.22",
"source": "וַיִּגַּ֤שׁ הַנָּבִיא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ לֵ֣ךְ הִתְחַזַּ֔ק וְדַ֥ע וּרְאֵ֖ה אֵ֣ת אֲשֶֽׁר־תַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה כִּ֚י לִתְשׁוּבַ֣ת הַשָּׁנָ֔ה מֶ֥לֶךְ אֲרָ֖ם עֹלֶ֥ה עָלֶֽיךָ׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayyiggaš* [approached] *hannāḇîʾ* [the prophet] to *meleḵ* [king of] *yiśrāʾēl* [Israel], and *wayyōʾmer* [he said] to *lô* [him], *lēḵ* [go], *hiṯḥazzaq* [strengthen yourself], and *wᵊḏaʿ* [know] and *ûrᵊʾēh* [see] *ʾēṯ ʾăšer-taʿăśeh* [what you will do]; for *liṯšûḇaṯ* [at the return of] *haššānâ* [the year], *meleḵ* [king of] *ʾărām* [Aram/Syria] *ʿōleh* [is coming up] against *ʿāleḵā* [you].",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiggaš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he approached/came near",
"*hannāḇîʾ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the prophet",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*lēḵ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go",
"*hiṯḥazzaq*": "hitpael imperative masculine singular - strengthen yourself",
"*wᵊḏaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and know",
"*ûrᵊʾēh*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and see",
"*ʾēṯ ʾăšer-taʿăśeh*": "direct object marker + relative pronoun + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - what you will do",
"*liṯšûḇaṯ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - at the return of",
"*haššānâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the year",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram/Syria",
"*ʿōleh*": "qal participle masculine singular - is coming up/ascending",
"*ʿāleḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you"
},
"variants": {
"*hiṯḥazzaq*": "strengthen yourself/take courage/be strong",
"*liṯšûḇaṯ haššānâ*": "at the return of the year/at the turn of the year/in the spring"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.23",
"source": "וְעַבְדֵ֨י מֶֽלֶךְ־אֲרָ֜ם אָמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן חָזְק֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ וְאוּלָ֗ם נִלָּחֵ֤ם אִתָּם֙ בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר אִם־לֹ֥א נֶחֱזַ֖ק מֵהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wᵊʿaḇḏê* [servants of] *meleḵ-ʾărām* [king of Aram/Syria] *ʾāmᵊrû* [said] to *ʾēlāyw* [him], *ʾĕlōhê* [gods of] *hārîm* [the mountains] *ʾĕlōhêhem* [are their gods], therefore *ḥāzᵊqû* [they were stronger] than *mimmennû* [us]; and *wᵊʾûlām* [but] let us fight *nillāḥēm* with them *ʾittām* in *bamîšôr* [the plain], if *ʾim-lōʾ* [not] *neḥĕzaq* [we will be stronger] than *mēhem* [them].",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊʿaḇḏê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and servants of",
"*meleḵ-ʾărām*": "masculine singular construct + proper name - king of Aram/Syria",
"*ʾāmᵊrû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they said",
"*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - gods of",
"*hārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the mountains",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods",
"*ḥāzᵊqû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were strong/stronger",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 1st common plural suffix - than us",
"*wᵊʾûlām*": "conjunction + adverb - but/however",
"*nillāḥēm*": "niphal imperfect 1st common plural cohortative - let us fight",
"*ʾittām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them",
"*bamîšôr*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the plain/level ground",
"*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional particle + negative particle - if not",
"*neḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural - we will be strong/stronger",
"*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - than them"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĕlōhê hārîm*": "gods of mountains/mountain deities",
"*ḥāzᵊqû*": "they were stronger/they prevailed/they were more powerful",
"*bamîšôr*": "in the plain/on level ground/on the flatland",
"*neḥĕzaq*": "we will be stronger/we will prevail/we will overpower"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.24",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּ֖ה עֲשֵׂ֑ה הָסֵ֤ר הַמְּלָכִים֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקֹמ֔וֹ וְשִׂ֥ים פַּח֖וֹת תַּחְתֵּיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wᵊʾeṯ-haddāḇār hazzeh* [this thing] *ʿăśēh* [do]: *hāsēr* [remove] *hammᵊlāḵîm* [the kings], *ʾîš* [each man] from *mimmᵊqōmô* [his place], and *wᵊśîm* [put] *paḥôṯ* [governors] *taḥtêhem* [in their place].",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊʾeṯ-haddāḇār hazzeh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun + demonstrative adjective - and this thing/matter",
"*ʿăśēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - do",
"*hāsēr*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - remove/take away",
"*hammᵊlāḵîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the kings",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/each one",
"*mimmᵊqōmô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his place",
"*wᵊśîm*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and put/place",
"*paḥôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - governors/officials",
"*taḥtêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their place/instead of them"
},
"variants": {
"*hāsēr*": "remove/take away/depose",
"*paḥôṯ*": "governors/officials/captains/deputies"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.25",
"source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה תִֽמְנֶה־לְךָ֣ ׀ חַ֡יִל כַּחַיִל֩ הַנֹּפֵ֨ל מֵאוֹתָ֜ךְ וְס֣וּס כַּסּ֣וּס ׀ וְרֶ֣כֶב כָּרֶ֗כֶב וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֤ה אוֹתָם֙ בַּמִּישׁ֔וֹר אִם־לֹ֥א נֶחֱזַ֖ק מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע לְקֹלָ֖ם וַיַּ֥עַשׂ כֵּֽן׃ פ",
"text": "And *wᵊʾattâ* [you] *ṯimneh-lᵊḵā* [number for yourself] *ḥayil* [an army] like the *kaḥayil* [army] *hannōp̄ēl* [that fell] from *mēʾôṯāḵ* [you], and *wᵊsûs* [horse] like the *kassûs* [horse], and *wᵊreḵeḇ* [chariot] like the *kāreḵeḇ* [chariot], and *wᵊnillāḥămâ* [we will fight] with them *ʾôṯām* in *bammîšôr* [the plain], if *ʾim-lōʾ* [not] *neḥĕzaq* [we will be stronger] than *mēhem* [them]; and *wayyišmaʿ* [he listened] to *lᵊqôlām* [their voice], and *wayyaʿaś* [he did] *kēn* [so].",
"grammar": {
"*wᵊʾattâ*": "conjunction + 2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - and you",
"*ṯimneh-lᵊḵā*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular + preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - count/number for yourself",
"*ḥayil*": "masculine singular noun - army/force",
"*kaḥayil*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the army",
"*hannōp̄ēl*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular - that fell/was lost",
"*mēʾôṯāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - from you",
"*wᵊsûs*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and horse",
"*kassûs*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the horse",
"*wᵊreḵeḇ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and chariot",
"*kāreḵeḇ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the chariot",
"*wᵊnillāḥămâ*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 1st common plural cohortative - and let us fight",
"*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them",
"*bammîšôr*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the plain",
"*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional particle + negative particle - if not",
"*neḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural - we will be stronger",
"*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - than them",
"*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened",
"*lᵊqôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to their voice",
"*wayyaʿaś*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he did/made",
"*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus"
},
"variants": {
"*ṯimneh-lᵊḵā*": "count for yourself/muster for yourself/recruit for yourself",
"*ḥayil*": "army/force/troops/military power",
"*hannōp̄ēl*": "that fell/that was lost/that was destroyed",
"*wᵊnillāḥămâ*": "let us fight/we will fight/we shall battle"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.26",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ לִתְשׁוּבַ֣ת הַשָּׁנָ֔ה וַיִּפְקֹ֥ד בֶּן־הֲדַ֖ד אֶת־אֲרָ֑ם וַיַּ֣עַל אֲפֵ֔קָה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And *wayᵊhî* [it came to pass] at *liṯšûḇaṯ* [the return of] *haššānâ* [the year], and *wayyip̄qōḏ* [mustered] *ben-hăḏaḏ* [Ben-Hadad] *ʾeṯ-ʾărām* [Aram/Syria], and *wayyaʿal* [he went up] to *ʾăp̄ēqâ* [Aphek] *lammilḥāmâ* [for the war/battle] with *ʿim-yiśrāʾēl* [Israel].",
"grammar": {
"*wayᵊhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it came to pass",
"*liṯšûḇaṯ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - at the return of",
"*haššānâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the year",
"*wayyip̄qōḏ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he mustered/numbered",
"*ben-hăḏaḏ*": "proper name - Ben-Hadad (son of Hadad)",
"*ʾeṯ-ʾărām*": "direct object marker + proper name - Aram/Syria",
"*wayyaʿal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he went up",
"*ʾăp̄ēqâ*": "proper name - Aphek",
"*lammilḥāmâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - for the war/battle",
"*ʿim-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper name - with Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*liṯšûḇaṯ haššānâ*": "at the return of the year/at the turn of the year/in the spring",
"*wayyip̄qōḏ*": "mustered/numbered/gathered/counted/assembled"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.27",
"source": "וּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הָתְפָּקְדוּ֙ וְכָלְכְּל֔וּ וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ לִקְרָאתָ֑ם וַיַּחֲנ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל נֶגְדָּ֗ם כִּשְׁנֵי֙ חֲשִׂפֵ֣י עִזִּ֔ים וַאֲרָ֖ם מִלְא֥וּ אֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And *ûḇᵊnê* [sons of] *yiśrāʾēl* [Israel] *hāṯᵊpāqᵊḏû* [were mustered] and *wᵊḵālkᵊlû* [were supplied/provisioned], and *wayyēlᵊḵû* [they went] to *liqrāʾṯām* [meet them]; and *wayyaḥănû* [they camped], *bᵊnê-yiśrāʾēl* [sons of Israel] opposite *negᵊdām* [them], like *kišnê* [two] *ḥăśipê* [little flocks] of *ʿizzîm* [goats]; and *waʾărām* [Aram/Syria] *milᵊʾû* [filled] *ʾeṯ-hāʾāreṣ* [the land].",
"grammar": {
"*ûḇᵊnê*": "conjunction + masculine plural construct - and sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*hāṯᵊpāqᵊḏû*": "hotpaal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were mustered",
"*wᵊḵālkᵊlû*": "conjunction + pilpel perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were supplied/provisioned",
"*wayyēlᵊḵû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they went",
"*liqrāʾṯām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to meet them",
"*wayyaḥănû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they camped/encamped",
"*bᵊnê-yiśrāʾēl*": "masculine plural construct + proper name - sons of Israel",
"*negᵊdām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - opposite them",
"*kišnê*": "preposition + numeral - like two",
"*ḥăśipê*": "masculine plural construct - little flocks",
"*ʿizzîm*": "feminine plural noun - goats",
"*waʾărām*": "conjunction + proper name - and Aram/Syria",
"*milᵊʾû*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine plural - they filled",
"*ʾeṯ-hāʾāreṣ*": "direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - the land"
},
"variants": {
"*hāṯᵊpāqᵊḏû*": "were mustered/were numbered/were gathered",
"*wᵊḵālkᵊlû*": "were supplied/were provisioned/were sustained",
"*ḥăśipê ʿizzîm*": "little flocks of goats/small droves of goats"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.28",
"source": "וַיִּגַּ֞שׁ אִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיֹּאמֶר֮ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר כֹּֽה־אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה יַ֠עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמְר֤וּ אֲרָם֙ אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָרִים֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־אֱלֹהֵ֥י עֲמָקִ֖ים ה֑וּא וְ֠נָתַתִּי אֶת־כָּל־הֶהָמ֨וֹן הַגָּד֤וֹל הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyiggaš* [approached] *ʾîš* [man of] *hāʾĕlōhîm* [God], and *wayyōʾmer* [spoke] to *meleḵ* [king of] *yiśrāʾēl* [Israel]; and *wayyōʾmer* [he said], \"Thus *kōh-ʾāmar* [says] *yᵊhwâ* [Yahweh/the LORD], because *yaʿan ʾăšer* [that] *ʾāmᵊrû* [have said] *ʾărām* [Aram/Syria], '*ʾĕlōhê* [God of] *hārîm* [mountains] *yᵊhwâ* [is Yahweh/the LORD], and not *wᵊlōʾ-ʾĕlōhê* [God of] *ʿămāqîm* [valleys] *hûʾ* [is he],' therefore *wᵊnāṯattî* [I will give] *ʾeṯ-kol-hehāmôn haggāḏôl hazzeh* [all this great multitude] into *bᵊyāḏeḵā* [your hand], and *wîḏaʿtem* [you shall know] that *kî-ʾănî* [I am] *yᵊhwâ* [Yahweh/the LORD].\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiggaš*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he approached",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - man of",
"*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - God (plural of majesty)",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he spoke/said",
"*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*kōh-ʾāmar*": "adverb + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - thus says",
"*yᵊhwâ*": "proper name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*yaʿan ʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative pronoun - because that",
"*ʾāmᵊrû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they have said",
"*ʾărām*": "proper name - Aram/Syria",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of",
"*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun - mountains",
"*yᵊhwâ*": "proper name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*wᵊlōʾ-ʾĕlōhê*": "conjunction + negative particle + masculine plural construct - and not God of",
"*ʿămāqîm*": "masculine plural noun - valleys",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular personal pronoun - he",
"*wᵊnāṯattî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st common singular - I will give",
"*ʾeṯ-kol-hehāmôn*": "direct object marker + masculine singular + definite article + masculine singular noun - all the multitude",
"*haggāḏôl*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the great",
"*hazzeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative adjective - this",
"*bᵊyāḏeḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - into your hand",
"*wîḏaʿtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall know",
"*kî-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st common singular personal pronoun - that I",
"*yᵊhwâ*": "proper name - Yahweh/the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš hāʾĕlōhîm*": "man of God/prophet",
"*hehāmôn*": "multitude/crowd/throng/army",
"*ʿămāqîm*": "valleys/low places/plains"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "1 Kings.20.29",
"source": "וַֽיַּחֲנ֧וּ אֵ֦לֶּה נֹֽכַח־אֵ֖לֶּה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י וַתִּקְרַב֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וַיַּכּ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֧ל אֶת־אֲרָ֛ם מֵאָה־אֶ֥לֶף רַגְלִ֖י בְּי֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃",
"text": "*wə-yaḥănû* these *nōkaḥ*-these *šiḇʿaṯ yāmîm* and-*wayəhî* in-the-*yôm* the-*šəḇîʿî* and-*tiqqəraḇ* the-*milḥāmâ* and-*wayyakkû bənê-yiśrāʾēl* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾărām* *mēʾâ-ʾeleṗ raḡlî* in-*yôm ʾeḥāḏ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yaḥănû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural - and they encamped",
"*nōkaḥ*": "preposition - opposite, facing",
"*šiḇʿaṯ yāmîm*": "construct state + plural noun - seven days",
"*wayəhî*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it came to pass",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of",
"*šəḇîʿî*": "ordinal adjective - seventh",
"*tiqqəraḇ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and approached/joined",
"*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war",
"*wayyakkû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural of *nākâ* - and they struck",
"*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct state - sons of Israel",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria",
"*mēʾâ-ʾeleṗ*": "cardinal number - hundred thousand",
"*raḡlî*": "masculine singular noun - foot soldier",
"*yôm ʾeḥāḏ*": "masculine noun + cardinal number - one day"
},
"variants": {
"*yaḥănû*": "encamped, camped, pitched",
"*nōkaḥ*": "opposite, facing, in front of",
"*wayəhî*": "it happened, it came to pass, it occurred",
"*tiqqəraḇ*": "approached, drew near, joined",
"*milḥāmâ*": "battle, war, fighting",
"*wayyakkû*": "struck, hit, defeated, killed",
"*ʾărām*": "Aram, Syria",
"*raḡlî*": "foot soldier, infantry"
}
}