4{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.4",
"source": "וַיִּלְכֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֜ד מִמֶּ֗נּוּ אֶ֤לֶף וּשְׁבַע־מֵאוֹת֙ פָּרָשִׁ֔ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף אִ֣ישׁ רַגְלִ֑י וַיְעַקֵּ֤ר דָּוִד֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֔כֶב וַיּוֹתֵ֥ר מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מֵ֥אָה רָֽכֶב׃",
"text": "And *wayyilkōd* *Dāwid* from him *ʾelef* and seven-hundred *pārāšîm* and twenty thousand *ʾîš* *raglî* and *wayəʿaqqēr* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-all-the *rekeb* and *wayyôtēr* from him hundred *rākeb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyilkōd*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *lākad* - and he captured",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from him",
"*ʾelef*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - thousand",
"*ušəbaʿ*": "conjunction + cardinal number, masculine singular construct - and seven",
"*mēʾôt*": "cardinal number, feminine plural - hundreds",
"*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horsemen/cavalry",
"*wəʿeśrîm*": "conjunction + cardinal number, masculine plural - and twenty",
"*ʾelef*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - thousand",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - men",
"*raglî*": "adjective, masculine singular - foot (soldiers)",
"*wayəʿaqqēr*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he hamstrung",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all",
"*hārekeb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the chariot(s)",
"*wayyôtēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *yātar* - and he left/reserved",
"*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from them",
"*mēʾâ*": "cardinal number, feminine singular - hundred",
"*rākeb*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot"
},
"variants": {
"*rekeb*": "chariot(s)/chariotry/chariot corps",
"*raglî*": "foot-soldier/infantry",
"*wayəʿaqqēr*": "hamstrung/disabled/crippled/cut the hamstrings of",
"*wayyôtēr*": "left over/spared/reserved"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.5",
"source": "וַתָּבֹא֙ אֲרַ֣ם דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק לַעְזֹ֕ר לַהֲדַדְעֶ֖זֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ צוֹבָ֑ה וַיַּ֤ךְ דָּוִד֙ בַּֽאֲרָ֔ם עֶשְׂרִֽים־וּשְׁנַ֥יִם אֶ֖לֶף אִֽישׁ׃",
"text": "And *wattābōʾ* *ʾĂram* *Dammeśeq* to *laʿzōr* to *Hădadʿezer* king of *Ṣôbâ* and *wayyak* *Dāwid* in *ʾĂrām* twenty-and-two thousand *ʾîš*.",
"grammar": {
"*wattābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular of *bôʾ* - and she/it came",
"*ʾĂram*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Aram/Syria",
"*Dammeśeq*": "proper noun - Damascus",
"*laʿzōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to help",
"*laHădadʿezer*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to Hadadezer",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Ṣôbâ*": "proper noun - Zobah",
"*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - and he struck/defeated",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*baʾĂrām*": "preposition + proper noun - in Aram/against Arameans",
"*ʿeśrîm*": "cardinal number, masculine plural - twenty",
"*ušənayim*": "conjunction + cardinal number, masculine dual - and two",
"*ʾelef*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - thousand",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - men"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾĂram Dammeśeq*": "Aram of Damascus/Arameans of Damascus/Syrian Damascus",
"*wayyak*": "struck down/defeated/killed"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.6",
"source": "וַיָּ֨שֶׂם דָּוִ֤ד נְצִבִים֙ בַּאֲרַ֣ם דַּמֶּ֔שֶׂק וַתְּהִ֤י אֲרָם֙ לְדָוִ֔ד לַעֲבָדִ֖ים נוֹשְׂאֵ֣י מִנְחָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤שַׁע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָלָֽךְ׃",
"text": "And *wayyāśem* *Dāwid* *nəṣibîm* in *ʾĂram* *Dammeśeq* and *wattəhî* *ʾĂrām* to *Dāwid* for *ʿăbādîm* *nôśəʾê* *minḥâ* and *wayyôšaʿ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* in all that he *hālāk*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāśem*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *śîm* - and he placed/set",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*nəṣibîm*": "noun, masculine plural - garrisons/officials",
"*baʾĂram*": "preposition + proper noun - in Aram",
"*Dammeśeq*": "proper noun - Damascus",
"*wattəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular of *hāyâ* - and she/it became",
"*ʾĂrām*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Aram/Syria",
"*ləDāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - for/to David",
"*laʿăbādîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for servants",
"*nôśəʾê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - bearers of",
"*minḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - tribute/offering",
"*wayyôšaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *yāšaʿ* - and he saved/delivered",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*bəkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*hālāk*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went"
},
"variants": {
"*nəṣibîm*": "garrisons/officials/governors/prefects",
"*wayyôšaʿ*": "saved/delivered/gave victory to",
"*nôśəʾê minḥâ*": "bearers of tribute/bringers of gifts/offering bearers"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.7",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח דָּוִ֗ד אֵ֚ת שִׁלְטֵ֣י הַזָּהָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָי֔וּ אֶ֖ל עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וַיְבִיאֵ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾēt* *šilṭê* *hazzāhāb* that *hāyû* *ʾel* *ʿabdê* *Hădadʿāzer* and *wayəbîʾēm* *Yərûšālāim*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *lāqaḥ* - and he took",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*šilṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - shields of",
"*hazzāhāb*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the gold",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/on/belonging to",
"*ʿabdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*Hădadʿāzer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer",
"*wayəbîʾēm*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he brought them"
},
"variants": {
"*šilṭê*": "shields/quivers/armor/weapons",
"*hāyû ʾel*": "were on/belonged to/were with"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.8",
"source": "וּמִבֶּ֥טַח וּמִבֵּֽרֹתַ֖י עָרֵ֣י הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר לָקַ֞ח הַמֶּ֧לֶךְ דָּוִ֛ד נְחֹ֖שֶׁת הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃ ס",
"text": "And from *Beṭaḥ* and from *Bērōtay* cities of *Hădadʿāzer* *lāqaḥ* the king *Dāwid* *nəḥōšet* *harbēh* *məʾōd*.",
"grammar": {
"*ûmibbeṭaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Betah",
"*ûmibbērōtay*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Berothai",
"*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cities of",
"*Hădadʿāzer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer",
"*lāqaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - took",
"*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*harbēh*": "adverb - much/many/abundantly",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly"
},
"variants": {
"*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass",
"*harbēh məʾōd*": "very much/exceedingly great amount/in great abundance"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.9",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֕ע תֹּ֖עִי מֶ֣לֶךְ חֲמָ֑ת כִּ֚י הִכָּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־חֵ֥יל הֲדַדְעָֽזֶר׃",
"text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *Tōʿî* king of *Ḥămāt* that *hikkâ* *dāvid* *ʾēt* all-*ḥêl* *Hădadʿāzer*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišmaʿ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *šāmaʿ* - and he heard",
"*Tōʿî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Toi",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Ḥămāt*": "proper noun - Hamath",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because",
"*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - he had defeated",
"*dāvid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all",
"*ḥêl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - force/army",
"*Hădadʿāzer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥêl*": "force/army/strength/wealth/power"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.10",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח תֹּ֣עִי אֶת־יֽוֹרָם־בְּנ֣וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּ֠וִד לִשְׁאָל־ל֨וֹ לְשָׁל֜וֹם וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִלְחַ֤ם בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת תֹּ֖עִי הָיָ֣ה הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וּבְיָד֗וֹ הָי֛וּ כְּלֵֽי־כֶ֥סֶף וּכְלֵֽי־זָהָ֖ב וּכְלֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃",
"text": "And *wayyišlaḥ* *Tōʿî* *ʾet*-*Yôrām*-his son to-the king-*Dāwid* to *lišʾāl*-to him to *šālôm* and to *bārak* him on that *nilḥam* with *Hădadʿezer* and *wayyakkēhû* for-*ʾîš* *milḥămôt* *Tōʿî* *hāyâ* *Hădadʿāzer* and in his hand *hāyû* *kəlê*-*kesef* and *kəlê*-*zāhāb* and *kəlê* *nəḥōšet*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *šālaḥ* - and he sent",
"*Tōʿî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Toi",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Yôrām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joram",
"*bənô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*lišʾāl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to ask",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*ləšālôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for peace/welfare",
"*ûləbārăkô*": "conjunction + preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and to bless him",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - on/concerning/because",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*nilḥam*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he fought",
"*baHădadʿezer*": "preposition + proper noun - against Hadadezer",
"*wayyakkēhû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he defeated him",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of",
"*milḥămôt*": "noun, feminine plural - wars",
"*Tōʿî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Toi",
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was",
"*Hădadʿāzer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer",
"*ûbəyādô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and in his hand",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were",
"*kəlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - vessels/articles of",
"*kesef*": "noun, masculine singular - silver",
"*ûkəlê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and vessels/articles of",
"*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold",
"*ûkəlê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and vessels/articles of",
"*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper"
},
"variants": {
"*lišʾāl lô ləšālôm*": "to inquire of his welfare/to greet him in peace/to ask after his well-being",
"*ʾîš milḥămôt*": "man of wars/warrior/adversary in war",
"*kəlê*": "vessels/articles/utensils/implements/weapons"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.11",
"source": "גַּם־אֹתָ֕ם הִקְדִּ֛ישׁ הַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִ֖ד לַֽיהוָ֑ה עִם־הַכֶּ֤סֶף וְהַזָּהָב֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדִּ֔ישׁ מִכָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר כִּבֵּֽשׁ׃",
"text": "Also-them *hiqdîš* the king *Dāwid* to *YHWH* with-the *kesef* and the *zāhāb* that he *hiqdîš* from all-the *gôyim* that he *kibbēš*.",
"grammar": {
"*gam*": "adverb - also/even",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*hiqdîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he dedicated/consecrated",
"*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*laYHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to the LORD",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*hakkesef*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the silver",
"*wəhazzāhāb*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the gold",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*hiqdîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had dedicated/consecrated",
"*mikkol*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from all",
"*haggôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*kibbēš*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he subdued/conquered"
},
"variants": {
"*hiqdîš*": "dedicated/consecrated/sanctified/set apart",
"*kibbēš*": "subdued/conquered/subjugated/brought into submission"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.12",
"source": "מֵאֲרָ֤ם וּמִמּוֹאָב֙ וּמִבְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים וּמֵֽעֲמָלֵ֑ק וּמִשְּׁלַ֛ל הֲדַדְעֶ֥זֶר בֶּן־רְחֹ֖ב מֶ֥לֶךְ צוֹבָֽה׃",
"text": "From *ʾĂrām* and from *Môʾāb* and from *bənê* *ʿAmmôn* and from *Pəlištîm* and from *ʿĂmālēq* and from *šəlal* *Hădadʿezer* son-of-*Rəḥōb* king of *Ṣôbâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*mēʾĂrām*": "preposition + proper noun - from Aram/Syria",
"*ûmimMôʾāb*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Moab",
"*ûmibbənê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - and from sons of",
"*ʿAmmôn*": "proper noun - Ammon",
"*ûmipPəlištîm*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun, masculine plural - and from Philistines",
"*ûmēʿĂmālēq*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and from Amalek",
"*ûmiššəlal*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from spoil of",
"*Hădadʿezer*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hadadezer",
"*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of",
"*Rəḥōb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Rehob",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Ṣôbâ*": "proper noun - Zobah"
},
"variants": {
"*šəlal*": "spoil/plunder/booty"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "2 Samuel.8.13",
"source": "וַיַּ֤עַשׂ דָּוִד֙ שֵׁ֔ם בְּשֻׁב֕וֹ מֵהַכּוֹת֥וֹ אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם בְּגֵיא־מֶ֑לַח שְׁמוֹנָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אָֽלֶף׃",
"text": "And *wayyaʿaś* *Dāwid* *šēm* in *bəšubô* from *hakkôtô* *ʾet*-*ʾĂrām* in *gêʾ*-*melaḥ* eighteen *ʾālef*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular of *ʿāśâ* - and he made",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name/reputation",
"*bəšubô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his returning/when he returned",
"*mēhakkôtô*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his defeating",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾĂrām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria",
"*bəgêʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in valley of",
"*melaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - salt",
"*šəmônâ ʿāśār*": "cardinal number, masculine - eighteen",
"*ʾālef*": "noun, masculine singular - thousand"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaʿaś šēm*": "made a name/gained renown/established reputation",
"*gêʾ-melaḥ*": "Valley of Salt"
}
}