19 {
"verseID": "Daniel.5.19",
"source": "וּמִן־רְבוּתָא֙ דִּ֣י יְהַב־לֵ֔הּ כֹּ֣ל עַֽמְמַיָּ֗א אֻמַיָּא֙ וְלִשָּׁ֣נַיָּ֔א הֲו֛וֹ זָיְעִ֥ין וְדָחֲלִ֖ין מִן־קֳדָמ֑וֹהִי דִּֽי־הֲוָ֨ה צָבֵ֜א הֲוָ֣א קָטֵ֗ל וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מַחֵ֔א וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֤ה צָבֵא֙ הֲוָ֣ה מָרִ֔ים וְדִֽי־הֲוָ֥ה צָבֵ֖א הֲוָ֥ה מַשְׁפִּֽיל׃",
"text": "And-from-*rĕbûtāʾ* that *yĕhab*-to-him, all *ʿammayayyāʾ* *ʾummayayāʾ* and-*liššānayayāʾ* *hawô* *zāyĕʿîn* and-*dāḥălîn* from-before-him; that-*hawâh* *ṣābēʾ* *hawâʾ* *qāṭēl* and-that-*hawâh* *ṣābēʾ* *hawâh* *maḥēʾ* and-that-*hawâh* *ṣābēʾ* *hawâh* *mārîm* and-that-*hawâh* *ṣābēʾ* *hawâh* *mašpîl*.",
"grammar": {
"*ûmin*": "conjunction + preposition - and from",
"*rĕbûtāʾ*": "noun, feminine, singular, determined - the greatness",
"*dî*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*yĕhab*": "verb, Peal, 3rd masculine singular, perfect - gave",
"*lēh*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*kol*": "adjective, all/every",
"*ʿammayayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, determined - the peoples",
"*ʾummayayāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, determined - the nations",
"*liššānayayāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, determined - the languages",
"*hawô*": "verb, Peal, 3rd masculine plural, perfect - were",
"*zāyĕʿîn*": "participle, Pael, masculine plural - trembling",
"*dāḥălîn*": "participle, Peal, masculine plural - fearing",
"*min-qŏdāmôhî*": "compound preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from before him",
"*dî-hawâh*": "relative particle + verb, Peal, 3rd masculine singular, perfect - whom he was",
"*ṣābēʾ*": "participle, Peal, masculine singular - willing/desiring",
"*hawâʾ*": "verb, Peal, 3rd masculine singular, perfect - was",
"*qāṭēl*": "participle, Peal, masculine singular - killing",
"*maḥēʾ*": "participle, Peal, masculine singular - smiting/striking",
"*mārîm*": "participle, Haphel, masculine singular - lifting up/exalting",
"*mašpîl*": "participle, Haphel, masculine singular - bringing down/humbling"
},
"variants": {
"*rĕbûtāʾ*": "greatness/majesty/power",
"*ʿammayayyāʾ*": "peoples/populations/folk",
"*ʾummayayāʾ*": "nations/tribes/peoples",
"*liššānayayāʾ*": "languages/tongues",
"*zāyĕʿîn*": "trembling/quaking/shaking",
"*dāḥălîn*": "fearing/being afraid/dreading",
"*ṣābēʾ*": "willing/desiring/wishing/wanting",
"*qāṭēl*": "killing/slaying/putting to death",
"*maḥēʾ*": "smiting/striking/hitting",
"*mārîm*": "lifting up/exalting/raising",
"*mašpîl*": "bringing down/humbling/abasing"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Daniel.5.20",
"source": "וּכְדִי֙ רִ֣ם לִבְבֵ֔הּ וְרוּחֵ֖הּ תִּֽקְפַ֣ת לַהֲזָדָ֑ה הָנְחַת֙ מִן־כָּרְסֵ֣א מַלְכוּתֵ֔הּ וִֽיקָרָ֖ה הֶעְדִּ֥יו מִנֵּֽהּ׃",
"text": "And-when *rim* *libĕbēh* and-*rûḥēh* *tiqpat* *lahăzādâh*, *hānḥat* from-*kārsēʾ* *malkûtēh* and-*yĕqārâh* *heʿdîw* from-him.",
"grammar": {
"*ûkĕdî*": "conjunction + particle - and when",
"*rim*": "verb, Peal, 3rd masculine singular, perfect - became high/lifted up",
"*libĕbēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart",
"*rûḥēh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his spirit",
"*tiqpat*": "verb, Peal, 3rd feminine singular, perfect - became strong/hardened",
"*lahăzādâh*": "preposition + infinitive, Haphel - to act proudly/arrogantly",
"*hānḥat*": "verb, Hophal, 3rd masculine singular, perfect - was brought down",
"*kārsēʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - throne of",
"*malkûtēh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his kingdom",
"*yĕqārâh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his honor/glory",
"*heʿdîw*": "verb, Haphel, 3rd plural, perfect - they took away/removed",
"*minnēh*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from him"
},
"variants": {
"*rim*": "became high/lifted up/was raised/became exalted",
"*libĕbēh*": "his heart/his mind/his understanding",
"*tiqpat*": "became strong/hardened/grew obstinate",
"*lahăzādâh*": "to act proudly/to be presumptuous/to be arrogant",
"*hānḥat*": "was brought down/was deposed/was cast down",
"*kārsēʾ*": "throne/seat of authority",
"*heʿdîw*": "they took away/they removed/was removed"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Daniel.5.21",
"source": "וּמִן־בְּנֵי֩ אֲנָשָׁ֨א טְרִ֜יד וְלִבְבֵ֣הּ ׀ עִם־חֵיוְתָ֣א שַׁוִּ֗יְו וְעִם־עֲרָֽדַיָּא֙ מְדוֹרֵ֔הּ עִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יְטַ֣עֲמוּנֵּ֔הּ וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּֽי־יְדַ֗ע דִּֽי־שַׁלִּ֞יט אֱלָהָ֤א עִלָּאָה֙ בְּמַלְכ֣וּת אֲנָשָׁ֔א וּלְמַן־דִּ֥י יִצְבֵּ֖ה יְהָקֵ֥ים עֲלַֽהּ׃",
"text": "And-from-*bĕnê* *ʾănāšāʾ* *ṭĕrîd* and-*libĕbēh* with-*ḥêwĕtāʾ* *šawwîw* and-with-*ʿărādayyāʾ* *mĕdôrēh*, *ʿiśbāʾ* like-*tôrîn* *yĕṭaʿămûnēh* and-from-*ṭal* *šĕmayyāʾ* *gišmēh* *yiṣṭabbaʿ*; until that-*yĕdaʿ* that-*šallîṭ* *ʾĕlāhāʾ* *ʿillāʾâh* in-*malkût* *ʾănāšāʾ* and-to-whom-that *yiṣbēh* *yĕhāqêm* *ʿalah*.",
"grammar": {
"*ûmin*": "conjunction + preposition - and from",
"*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*ʾănāšāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, determined - men/mankind",
"*ṭĕrîd*": "verb, Peal, 3rd masculine singular, perfect passive - was driven",
"*libĕbēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*ḥêwĕtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular, determined - the beast/animal",
"*šawwîw*": "verb, Pael, 3rd masculine singular, perfect passive - was made like",
"*ʿărādayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, determined - the wild donkeys",
"*mĕdôrēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his dwelling",
"*ʿiśbāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, determined - the grass/vegetation",
"*kĕtôrîn*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - like oxen",
"*yĕṭaʿămûnēh*": "verb, Pael, 3rd masculine plural, imperfect with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they fed him",
"*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dew of",
"*šĕmayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, determined - the heavens",
"*gišmēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his body",
"*yiṣṭabbaʿ*": "verb, Hitpaal, 3rd masculine singular, imperfect - was wet",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until",
"*yĕdaʿ*": "verb, Peal, 3rd masculine singular, perfect - he knew",
"*šallîṭ*": "adjective/participle, masculine singular - ruling",
"*ʾĕlāhāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular, determined - the God",
"*ʿillāʾâh*": "adjective, masculine singular, determined - the Most High",
"*malkût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of",
"*ʾănāšāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural, determined - men/mankind",
"*lĕman-dî*": "compound preposition + relative particle - to whom that",
"*yiṣbēh*": "verb, Peal, 3rd masculine singular, imperfect - he wills/desires",
"*yĕhāqêm*": "verb, Haphel, 3rd masculine singular, imperfect - he sets up",
"*ʿalah*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - over it"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭĕrîd*": "was driven/was expelled/was cast out",
"*libĕbēh*": "his heart/his mind/his understanding",
"*ḥêwĕtāʾ*": "beast/wild animal/creature",
"*šawwîw*": "was made like/was equated with/became as",
"*ʿărādayyāʾ*": "wild donkeys/wild asses",
"*mĕdôrēh*": "his dwelling/his habitation/his residence",
"*ʿiśbāʾ*": "grass/vegetation/herbage",
"*yĕṭaʿămûnēh*": "they fed him/they made him eat/they caused him to taste",
"*yiṣṭabbaʿ*": "was wet/was moistened/was drenched",
"*šallîṭ*": "ruling/having dominion/sovereign",
"*yiṣbēh*": "he wills/he desires/he pleases/he chooses",
"*yĕhāqêm*": "he sets up/he appoints/he establishes"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Daniel.5.22",
"source": "וְאַ֤נְתְּ בְּרֵהּ֙ בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֔ר לָ֥א הַשְׁפֵּ֖לְתְּ לִבְבָ֑ךְ כָּל־קֳבֵ֕ל דִּ֥י כָל־דְּנָ֖ה יְדַֽעְתָּ׃",
"text": "And-*ʾantĕ* *bĕrēh* *Bēlšaṣṣar* *lāʾ* *hašpēltĕ* *libĕbāk* *kol-qŏbēl* that all-this *yĕdaʿtā*.",
"grammar": {
"*wĕʾantĕ*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - and you",
"*bĕrēh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son",
"*Bēlšaṣṣar*": "proper noun, masculine - Belshazzar",
"*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*hašpēltĕ*": "verb, Haphel, 2nd masculine singular, perfect - you have humbled",
"*libĕbāk*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart",
"*kol-qŏbēl*": "adverbial phrase - although/even though",
"*dî*": "relative particle - that",
"*kol-dĕnâh*": "pronoun, masculine singular - all this",
"*yĕdaʿtā*": "verb, Peal, 2nd masculine singular, perfect - you knew"
},
"variants": {
"*bĕrēh*": "his son/descendant",
"*hašpēltĕ*": "you have humbled/you have abased/you have lowered",
"*libĕbāk*": "your heart/your mind/your understanding",
"*kol-qŏbēl*": "although/even though/despite the fact that",
"*yĕdaʿtā*": "you knew/you were aware/you had knowledge"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Daniel.5.23",
"source": "וְעַ֣ל מָרֵֽא־שְׁמַיָּ֣א ׀ הִתְרוֹמַ֡מְתָּ וּלְמָֽאנַיָּ֨א דִֽי־בַיְתֵ֜הּ הַיְתִ֣יו קדמיך קָֽדָמָ֗ךְ ואנתה וְאַ֨נְתְּ ורברבניך וְרַבְרְבָנָ֜ךְ שֵֽׁגְלָתָ֣ךְ וּלְחֵנָתָךְ֮ חַמְרָא֮ שָׁתַ֣יִן בְּהוֹן֒ וְלֵֽאלָהֵ֣י כַסְפָּֽא־וְ֠דַהֲבָא נְחָשָׁ֨א פַרְזְלָ֜א אָעָ֣א וְאַבְנָ֗א דִּ֠י לָֽא־חָזַ֧יִן וְלָא־שָׁמְעִ֛ין וְלָ֥א יָדְעִ֖ין שַׁבַּ֑חְתָּ וְלֵֽאלָהָ֞א דִּֽי־נִשְׁמְתָ֥ךְ בִּידֵ֛הּ וְכָל־אֹרְחָתָ֥ךְ לֵ֖הּ לָ֥א הַדַּֽרְתָּ׃",
"text": "And against *māreʾ-shəmayyāʾ* *hiṯərôməmətā* and vessels *dî-ḇayṯeh* *hayṯîw* before *qāḏāmāḵ* and you *wəʾantə* and your nobles *wəraḇrəḇānāḵ* your wives *šeḡəlāṯāḵ* and your concubines *ûləḥenāṯāḵ* *ḥamrāʾ* *šāṯayin* with them, and to gods of silver and gold, bronze, iron, wood, and stone, which not see and not hear and not know you *šabbaḥətā*; and to *ʾelāhāʾ* *dî* your breath *nišmətāḵ* in his hand *bîḏeh* and all your ways to him not *haddarətā*.",
"grammar": {
"*māreʾ-shəmayyāʾ*": "construct state - Lord of heaven",
"*hiṯərôməmətā*": "Hithpaal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have lifted yourself up",
"*dî-ḇayṯeh*": "relative particle + noun + possessive suffix - of his house",
"*hayṯîw*": "Haphel perfect, 3rd person plural - they brought",
"*qāḏāmāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - before you",
"*wəʾantə*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you",
"*wəraḇrəḇānāḵ*": "conjunction + noun plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your nobles",
"*šeḡəlāṯāḵ*": "noun plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wives",
"*ûləḥenāṯāḵ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun plural + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your concubines",
"*ḥamrāʾ*": "noun - wine",
"*šāṯayin*": "participle plural - drinking",
"*šabbaḥətā*": "Pael perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have praised",
"*ʾelāhāʾ*": "emphatic state - the God",
"*dî*": "relative particle - who/which",
"*nišmətāḵ*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your breath",
"*bîḏeh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his hand",
"*haddarətā*": "Pael perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have honored"
},
"variants": {
"*māreʾ-shəmayyāʾ*": "Lord of heaven/Master of the heavens",
"*hiṯərôməmətā*": "lifted yourself up/exalted yourself/shown arrogance",
"*hayṯîw*": "they brought/were brought",
"*šāṯayin*": "drinking/were drinking",
"*šabbaḥətā*": "praised/glorified/honored",
"*ʾelāhāʾ*": "God/the god/deity",
"*haddarətā*": "honored/glorified/given honor to"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Daniel.5.24",
"source": "בֵּאדַ֙יִן֙ מִן־קֳדָמ֔וֹהִי שְׁלִ֖יַחַ פַּסָּ֣א דִֽי־יְדָ֑א וּכְתָבָ֥א דְנָ֖ה רְשִֽׁים׃",
"text": "Then *beʾḏayin* from before him *min-qoḏāmôhî* sent *šəlîaḥ* *passāʾ* *dî-yəḏāʾ* and writing *ûḵəṯāḇāʾ* this *ḏənāh* inscribed *rəšîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*beʾḏayin*": "temporal adverb - then/at that time",
"*min-qoḏāmôhî*": "preposition + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from before him",
"*šəlîaḥ*": "Peal passive participle - was sent",
"*passāʾ*": "noun - palm/part",
"*dî-yəḏāʾ*": "relative particle + noun - of hand",
"*ûḵəṯāḇāʾ*": "conjunction + noun - and writing",
"*ḏənāh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*rəšîm*": "Peal passive participle - was inscribed/written"
},
"variants": {
"*beʾḏayin*": "then/at that time/immediately",
"*šəlîaḥ*": "was sent/was dispatched",
"*passāʾ*": "palm/part/portion",
"*rəšîm*": "inscribed/written/recorded"
}
}