Daniel 8:10

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Daniel.8.10", "source": "וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל עַד־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתַּפֵּ֥ל אַ֛רְצָה מִן־הַצָּבָ֥א וּמִן־הַכּוֹכָבִ֖ים וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם׃", "text": "And-*tiḡdal* unto-*ṣᵊḇāʾ* the-*šāmāyim* and-*tappēl* *ʾarṣâ* from-the-*ṣāḇāʾ* and-from-the-*kôḵāḇîm* and-*tirmᵊsēm*.", "grammar": { "*tiḡdal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it grew", "*ṣᵊḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - host of", "*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine, dual with definite article - the heavens", "*tappēl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it caused to fall", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine, singular with directional he - to the ground", "*ṣāḇāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the host", "*kôḵāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the stars", "*tirmᵊsēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and waw consecutive - and it trampled them" }, "variants": { "*tiḡdal*": "grew/became large/increased", "*ṣᵊḇāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*šāmāyim*": "heavens/sky", "*tappēl*": "caused to fall/cast down/threw down", "*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground/earthward", "*ṣāḇāʾ*": "host/army", "*kôḵāḇîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*tirmᵊsēm*": "trampled them/stomped on them" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַתִּגְדַּ֖ל עַד־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתַּפֵּ֥ל אַ֛רְצָה מִן־הַצָּבָ֥א וּמִן־הַכּוֹכָבִ֖ים וַֽתִּרְמְסֵֽם׃

Transliteration

And-tiḡdal unto-ṣᵊḇāʾ the-šāmāyim and-tappēl ʾarṣâ from-the-ṣāḇāʾ and-from-the-kôḵāḇîm and-tirmᵊsēm.

Grammar Details

• *tiḡdal*: qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it grew
• *ṣᵊḇāʾ*: noun, masculine, singular construct - host of
• *šāmāyim*: noun, masculine, dual with definite article - the heavens
• *tappēl*: hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it caused to fall
• *ʾarṣâ*: noun, feminine, singular with directional he - to the ground
• *ṣāḇāʾ*: noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the host
• *kôḵāḇîm*: noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the stars
• *tirmᵊsēm*: qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix and waw consecutive - and it trampled them

Word Meanings

• *tiḡdal*: grew/became large/increased
• *ṣᵊḇāʾ*: host/army/multitude
• *šāmāyim*: heavens/sky
• *tappēl*: caused to fall/cast down/threw down
• *ʾarṣâ*: to the ground/earthward
• *ṣāḇāʾ*: host/army
• *kôḵāḇîm*: stars/celestial bodies
• *tirmᵊsēm*: trampled them/stomped on them

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  It grew until it reached the host of heaven, and it cast some of the stars and the host down to the earth and trampled on them.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon them.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And it grew great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars to the ground, and trampled upon them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon them.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And it waxed great,{H1431} even to the host{H6635} of heaven;{H8064} and some of the host{H6635} and of the stars{H3556} it cast down{H5307} to the ground,{H776} and trampled{H7429} upon them.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And it waxed great{H1431}{(H8799)}, even to the host{H6635} of heaven{H8064}; and it cast down{H5307}{(H8686)} some of the host{H6635} and of the stars{H3556} to the ground{H776}, and stamped{H7429}{(H8799)} upon them.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  It grewe vp to the hoost off heauen, wherof it dyd cast some downe to the grounde, and off the starres also, and trode them vnder fete.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Yea, it grewe vp vnto the hoste of heauen, and it cast downe some of the hoste, & of the starres to the ground, and trode vpon them,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  It grewe vp vnto the hoast of heauen, whereof it did cast some downe to the grounde, and of the starres also, and trode them vnder foote.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And it waxed great, [even] to the host of heaven; and it cast down [some] of the host and of the stars to the ground, and stamped upon them.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  It grew great, even to the host of the sky; and some of the host and of the stars it cast down to the ground, and trampled on them.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  yea, it exerteth unto the host of the heavens, and causeth to fall to the earth of the host, and of the stars, and trampleth them down.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and some of the host and of the stars it cast down to the ground, and trampled upon them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And it waxed great, even to the host of heaven; and some of the host and of the stars it cast down to the ground, and trampled upon them.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And it became great, even as high as the army of heaven, pulling down some of the army, even of the stars, to the earth and crushing them under its feet.

• World English Bible (2000)

  It grew great, even to the army of the sky; and some of the army and of the stars it cast down to the ground, and trampled on them.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  It grew so big it reached the army of heaven, and it brought about the fall of some of the army and some of the stars to the ground, where it trampled them.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 14:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.13", "source": "וְאַתָּ֞ה אָמַ֤רְתָּ בִֽלְבָבְךָ֙ הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם אֶֽעֱלֶ֔ה מִמַּ֥עַל לְכֽוֹכְבֵי־אֵ֖ל אָרִ֣ים כִּסְאִ֑י וְאֵשֵׁ֥ב בְּהַר־מוֹעֵ֖ד בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י צָפֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-you *ʾāmartā* in-*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*: The-*šāmayim* *ʾeʿĕleh*, above *kôḵǝḇê*-*ʾēl* *ʾārîm* *kisʾî*; and-*ʾēšēḇ* in-*har*-*môʿēd* in-*yarḵǝtê* *ṣāp̄ôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have said", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will ascend", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "masculine plural construct - stars of", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*ʾārîm*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will raise", "*kisʾî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my throne", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will sit/dwell", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*môʿēd*": "masculine singular noun - assembly/meeting", "*yarḵǝtê*": "feminine plural construct - remote parts/recesses of", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "masculine singular noun - north/northern" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartā*": "have said/have thought/have spoken", "*lǝḇāḇǝḵā*": "your heart/your mind/your inner self", "*ʾeʿĕleh*": "I will ascend/I will go up/I will climb", "*kôḵǝḇê*": "stars of", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*ʾārîm*": "I will raise/I will lift up/I will exalt", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "I will sit/I will dwell/I will be enthroned", "*har*-*môʿēd*": "mountain of assembly/mount of meeting/mount of congregation", "*yarḵǝtê*": "remote parts/recesses/furthest parts", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "north/northern/north side" } }
• Rev 12:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Revelation.12.4", "source": "Καὶ ἡ οὐρὰ αὐτοῦ σύρει τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀστέρων τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἔβαλεν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν: καὶ ὁ δράκων ἕστηκεν ἐνώπιον τῆς γυναικὸς τῆς μελλούσης τεκεῖν, ἵνα ὅταν τέκῃ τὸ τέκνον αὐτῆς καταφάγῃ.", "text": "And the *oura* of him *syrei* the *triton* of the *asterōn* of the *ouranou*, and *ebalen* them into the *gēn*: and the *drakōn hestēken enōpion* of the *gynaikos* of the *mellousēs tekein*, *hina hotan tekē* the *teknon* of her *kataphagē*.", "grammar": { "*oura*": "nominative, feminine, singular - tail", "*syrei*": "present active, 3rd singular - drags/sweeps", "*triton*": "accusative, neuter, singular - third part", "*asterōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - stars", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*ebalen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - cast/threw", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*drakōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - dragon", "*hestēken*": "perfect active, 3rd singular - stood/has taken a stand", "*enōpion*": "preposition + genitive - before/in front of", "*gynaikos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - woman", "*mellousēs*": "present active participle, genitive, feminine, singular - about to/being ready to", "*tekein*": "aorist active infinitive - to give birth", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*hotan*": "temporal conjunction - whenever/when", "*tekē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - she might give birth", "*teknon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - child", "*kataphagē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - he might devour" }, "variants": { "*syrei*": "drags/sweeps/draws", "*ebalen*": "cast/threw/hurled", "*hestēken*": "stood/has taken a position/has stationed himself", "*mellousēs*": "about to/being on the point of/intending to", "*kataphagē*": "might devour/consume/eat up completely" } }
• Dan 7:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Daniel.7.7", "source": "בָּאתַ֣ר דְּנָה֩ חָזֵ֨ה הֲוֵ֜ית בְּחֶזְוֵ֣י לֵֽילְיָ֗א וַאֲר֣וּ חֵיוָ֣ה רְֽבִיעָאָ֡ה דְּחִילָה֩ וְאֵֽימְתָנִ֨י וְתַקִּיפָ֜א יַתִּ֗ירָא וְשִׁנַּ֨יִן דִּֽי־פַרְזֶ֥ל לַהּ֙ רַבְרְבָ֔ן אָֽכְלָ֣ה וּמַדֱּקָ֔ה וּשְׁאָרָ֖א בְּרַגְלַ֣הּ רָפְסָ֑ה וְהִ֣יא מְשַׁנְּיָ֗ה מִן־כָּל־חֵֽיוָתָא֙ דִּ֣י קֽ͏ָדָמַ֔יהּ וְקַרְנַ֥יִן עֲשַׂ֖ר לַֽהּ׃", "text": "After *dənāh* *ḥāzēh* *hăwēyt* in-*ḥezwê* *lêləyāʾ*, and-*ʾărû* *ḥêwāh* *rəbîʿāʾāh* *dəḥîlāh* and-*ʾêmətānî* and-*taqqîpāʾ* *yattîrāʾ*, and-*šinnayin* of-*parzel* to-her *rabrəbān*; *ʾākəlāh* and-*maddĕqāh*, and-*šəʾārāʾ* with-*ragəlah* *rāpəsāh*; and-she *məšannəyāh* from-all-*ḥêwātāʾ* that *qādāmayh*, and-*qarənayin* *ʿăśar* to-her.", "grammar": { "*dənāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥāzēh*": "verb, participle, masculine singular - seeing", "*hăwēyt*": "verb, perfect, 1st person singular - I was", "*ḥezwê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - visions of", "*lêləyāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the night", "*ʾărû*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ḥêwāh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/creature", "*rəbîʿāʾāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - fourth", "*dəḥîlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - dreadful", "*ʾêmətānî*": "adjective, feminine singular - terrible", "*taqqîpāʾ*": "adjective, feminine singular - strong", "*yattîrāʾ*": "adverb - exceedingly", "*šinnayin*": "noun, feminine plural - teeth", "*parzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron", "*rabrəbān*": "adjective, feminine plural - great", "*ʾākəlāh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it devoured", "*maddĕqāh*": "verb, participle, feminine singular - crushing", "*šəʾārāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the remainder", "*ragəlah*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its feet", "*rāpəsāh*": "verb, perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it trampled", "*məšannəyāh*": "verb, participle, feminine singular - being different", "*ḥêwātāʾ*": "noun, feminine plural + definite article - the beasts", "*qādāmayh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - before it", "*qarənayin*": "noun, feminine plural - horns", "*ʿăśar*": "cardinal number - ten" }, "variants": { "*dəḥîlāh*": "dreadful/fearful/terrifying", "*ʾêmətānî*": "terrible/frightening/causing terror", "*taqqîpāʾ*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*yattîrāʾ*": "exceedingly/extraordinarily", "*ʾākəlāh*": "devoured/consumed/ate", "*maddĕqāh*": "crushing/breaking in pieces", "*šəʾārāʾ*": "remainder/residue/rest", "*rāpəsāh*": "trampled/stamped", "*məšannəyāh*": "different/diverse/varying" } }
• Dan 8:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Daniel.8.7", "source": "וּרְאִיתִ֞יו מַגִּ֣יעַ ׀ אֵ֣צֶל הָאַ֗יְל וַיִּתְמַרְמַ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הָאַ֗יִל וַיְשַׁבֵּר֙ אֶת־שְׁתֵּ֣י קְרָנָ֔יו וְלֹא־הָ֥יָה כֹ֛חַ בָּאַ֖יִל לַעֲמֹ֣ד לְפָנָ֑יו וַיַּשְׁלִיכֵ֤הוּ אַ֙רְצָה֙ וַֽיִּרְמְסֵ֔הוּ וְלֹא־הָיָ֥ה מַצִּ֛יל לָאַ֖יִל מִיָּדֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*rᵊʾîṯîw* *maggîaʿ* *ʾēṣel* the-*ʾayil* and-*yiṯmarmēr* toward-him and-*yak* ʾeṯ-the-*ʾayil* and-*yᵊšabbēr* ʾeṯ-*šᵊtê* *qᵊrānāyw*, and-not-*hāyâ* *ḵōaḥ* in-the-*ʾayil* to-*ʿămōḏ* before-him. And-*yašlîḵēhû* *ʾarṣâ* and-*yirmᵊsēhû*, and-not-*hāyâ* *maṣṣîl* to-the-*ʾayil* from-*yāḏô*.", "grammar": { "*rᵊʾîṯîw*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I saw him", "*maggîaʿ*": "hiphil participle, masculine, singular - reaching/approaching", "*ʾēṣel*": "preposition - beside/near", "*ʾayil*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the ram", "*yiṯmarmēr*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he became bitter/enraged", "*yak*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck", "*yᵊšabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he broke", "*šᵊtê*": "numeral, feminine, construct - two of", "*qᵊrānāyw*": "noun, feminine, dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his horns", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - there was", "*ḵōaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - strength/power", "*ʿămōḏ*": "qal infinitive construct - to stand", "*yašlîḵēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and waw consecutive - and he cast him", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine, singular with directional he - to the ground", "*yirmᵊsēhû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and waw consecutive - and he trampled him", "*maṣṣîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine, singular - deliverer", "*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*rᵊʾîṯîw*": "I saw him/observed him", "*maggîaʿ*": "reaching/approaching/coming to", "*ʾēṣel*": "beside/near/next to", "*ʾayil*": "ram/male sheep", "*yiṯmarmēr*": "became enraged/embittered/furious", "*yak*": "struck/hit/attacked", "*yᵊšabbēr*": "broke/shattered/smashed", "*šᵊtê*": "two", "*qᵊrānāyw*": "his horns", "*hāyâ*": "was/existed", "*ḵōaḥ*": "strength/power/ability", "*ʿămōḏ*": "to stand/withstand/resist", "*yašlîḵēhû*": "cast him/threw him", "*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground/earthward", "*yirmᵊsēhû*": "trampled him/stomped on him", "*maṣṣîl*": "deliverer/rescuer/one who saves", "*yāḏô*": "his hand/power/control" } }
• Dan 11:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Daniel.11.28", "source": "וְיָשֹׁ֤ב אַרְצוֹ֙ בִּרְכ֣וּשׁ גָּד֔וֹל וּלְבָב֖וֹ עַל־בְּרִ֣ית קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְעָשָׂ֖ה וְשָׁ֥ב לְאַרְצֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yāšōb* *ʾarṣô* *bi-rəkûš* *gādôl* *û-ləbābô* *ʿal-bərît* *qōdeš* *wə-ʿāśāh* *wə-šāb* *lə-ʾarṣô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšōb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will return", "*ʾarṣô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land", "*bi-rəkûš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with property/wealth", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*û-ləbābô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his heart", "*ʿal-bərît*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - against covenant of", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - holiness/sacredness", "*wə-ʿāśāh*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will do/perform", "*wə-šāb*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will return", "*lə-ʾarṣô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his land" }, "variants": { "*yāšōb*": "return/turn back/restore", "*ʾarṣô*": "his land/his country/his territory", "*rəkûš*": "property/wealth/goods/possessions", "*gādôl*": "great/large/abundant/important", "*lēbāb*": "heart/mind/inner being/understanding", "*bərît*": "covenant/alliance/treaty/agreement", "*qōdeš*": "holiness/sacredness/sanctuary/holy thing", "*ʿāśāh*": "do/make/accomplish/perform", "*šāb*": "return/turn back/go back" } }
• Dan 11:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Daniel.11.30", "source": "וּבָ֨אוּ ב֜וֹ צִיִּ֤ים כִּתִּים֙ וְנִכְאָ֔ה וְשָׁ֛ב וְזָעַ֥ם עַל־בְּרִֽית־ק֖וֹדֶשׁ וְעָשָׂ֑ה וְשָׁ֣ב וְיָבֵ֔ן עַל־עֹזְבֵ֖י בְּרִ֥ית קֹֽדֶשׁ׃", "text": "*û-bāʾû* *bô* *ṣiyyîm* *kittîm* *wə-nikʾāh* *wə-šāb* *wə-zāʿam* *ʿal-bərît-qôdeš* *wə-ʿāśāh* *wə-šāb* *wə-yābēn* *ʿal-ʿōzəbê* *bərît* *qōdeš*", "grammar": { "*û-bāʾû*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will come", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*ṣiyyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - ships", "*kittîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Kittim/Cyprus/Romans", "*wə-nikʾāh*": "conjunction + perfect niphal, 3rd masculine singular - and he will be disheartened/dejected", "*wə-šāb*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will return", "*wə-zāʿam*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will be indignant/angry", "*ʿal-bərît-qôdeš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - against covenant of holiness", "*wə-ʿāśāh*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will do/perform", "*wə-šāb*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will return", "*wə-yābēn*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will understand/pay attention", "*ʿal-ʿōzəbê*": "preposition + participle qal, masculine plural construct - to forsakers of", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - holiness/sacredness" }, "variants": { "*bāʾû*": "come/enter/arrive", "*ṣiyyîm*": "ships/vessels/seafarers", "*kittîm*": "Kittim/Cyprus/Romans/western peoples", "*nikʾāh*": "be disheartened/dejected/discouraged/pained", "*šāb*": "return/turn back/go back", "*zāʿam*": "be indignant/be angry/denounce/curse", "*bərît-qôdeš*": "holy covenant/sacred alliance", "*ʿāśāh*": "do/make/accomplish/perform", "*yābēn*": "understand/consider/pay attention to/regard", "*ʿōzəbê*": "forsakers/abandoners/deserters", "*bərît qōdeš*": "holy covenant/sacred alliance" } }
• Dan 11:33-36 : 33 { "verseID": "Daniel.11.33", "source": "וּמַשְׂכִּ֣ילֵי עָ֔ם יָבִ֖ינוּ לָֽרַבִּ֑ים וְנִכְשְׁל֞וּ בְּחֶ֧רֶב וּבְלֶהָבָ֛ה בִּשְׁבִ֥י וּבְבִזָּ֖ה יָמִֽים׃", "text": "*û-maśkîlê* *ʿām* *yābînû* *lā-rabbîm* *wə-nikšəlû* *bə-ḥereb* *û-bə-lehābāh* *bi-šəbî* *û-bə-bizzāh* *yāmîm*", "grammar": { "*û-maśkîlê*": "conjunction + participle hiphil, masculine plural construct - and ones making wise/instructing", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*yābînû*": "imperfect hiphil, 3rd masculine plural - they will cause to understand/instruct", "*lā-rabbîm*": "preposition + article + adjective, masculine plural - to the many", "*wə-nikšəlû*": "conjunction + perfect niphal, 3rd common plural - and they will stumble/fall", "*bə-ḥereb*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - by sword", "*û-bə-lehābāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular - and by flame", "*bi-šəbî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - by captivity", "*û-bə-bizzāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular - and by plunder", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days" }, "variants": { "*maśkîlê*": "ones making wise/instructors/teachers/those having insight", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*yābînû*": "cause to understand/instruct/teach/give understanding", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/great/abundant", "*nikšəlû*": "stumble/fall/be brought down/be overthrown", "*ḥereb*": "sword/knife/dagger", "*lehābāh*": "flame/blaze/fire", "*šəbî*": "captivity/exile/imprisonment", "*bizzāh*": "plunder/spoil/booty", "*yāmîm*": "days/time/period" } } 34 { "verseID": "Daniel.11.34", "source": "וּבְהִכָּ֣שְׁלָ֔ם יֵעָזְר֖וּ עֵ֣זֶר מְעָ֑ט וְנִלְו֧וּ עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם רַבִּ֖ים בַּחֲלַקְלַקּֽוֹת׃", "text": "And in their *hikaš·lām* [stumbling] they shall be *yə'āzərū* [helped] *'ēzer* [help] *mə'āṭ* [little/small], and shall *nilwū* [join] unto them many with *ḥălaqlaqqōwt* [flatteries/smooth things].", "grammar": { "*hikaš·lām*": "Niphal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their being caused to stumble/fall'", "*yə'āzərū*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they will be helped'", "*'ēzer*": "masculine singular noun - 'help/assistance'", "*mə'āṭ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'little/small/few'", "*nilwū*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - 'they will join/be joined'", "*ḥălaqlaqqōwt*": "feminine plural noun - 'slippery places/smooth things/flatteries'" }, "variants": { "*hikaš·lām*": "stumbling/falling/failure", "*'ēzer*": "help/assistance/aid", "*mə'āṭ*": "little/small/few/insignificant", "*ḥălaqlaqqōwt*": "slippery places/flatteries/smooth words/hypocrisy" } } 35 { "verseID": "Daniel.11.35", "source": "וּמִן־הַמַּשְׂכִּילִ֣ים יִכָּֽשְׁל֗וּ לִצְר֥וֹף בָּהֶ֛ם וּלְבָרֵ֥ר וְלַלְבֵּ֖ן עַד־עֵ֣ת קֵ֑ץ כִּי־ע֖וֹד לַמּוֹעֵֽד׃", "text": "And from the *maśkīlīm* [wise ones] *yikkāš·lū* [shall stumble] to *ṣərōwp̄* [refine] them and to *bārēr* [purify] and to *lalbēn* [make white] until *'ēt* [time of] *qēṣ* [end], for yet for the *mōw'ēd* [appointed time].", "grammar": { "*maśkīlīm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - 'those who are wise/those having insight'", "*yikkāš·lū*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'they will stumble/fall'", "*ṣərōwp̄*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to refine/to smelt'", "*bārēr*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to purify/to cleanse'", "*lalbēn*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to make white/to cleanse'", "*'ēt*": "construct state - 'time of'", "*qēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - 'end/extremity'", "*mōw'ēd*": "masculine singular noun - 'appointed time/meeting'" }, "variants": { "*maśkīlīm*": "wise ones/those having insight/teachers/instructors", "*yikkāš·lū*": "stumble/fall/fail", "*ṣərōwp̄*": "refine/smelt/test", "*bārēr*": "purify/cleanse/select", "*lalbēn*": "make white/cleanse/purify", "*qēṣ*": "end/conclusion/extremity", "*mōw'ēd*": "appointed time/designated moment/season" } } 36 { "verseID": "Daniel.11.36", "source": "וְעָשָׂ֨ה כִרְצוֹנ֜וֹ הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְיִתְרוֹמֵ֤ם וְיִתְגַּדֵּל֙ עַל־כָּל־אֵ֔ל וְעַל֙ אֵ֣ל אֵלִ֔ים יְדַבֵּ֖ר נִפְלָא֑וֹת וְהִצְלִ֙יחַ֙ עַד־כָּ֣לָה זַ֔עַם כִּ֥י נֶחֱרָצָ֖ה נֶעֱשָֽׂתָה׃", "text": "And *'āśāh* [shall do] according to his *rəṣōwnōw* [will] the *meleḵ* [king] and *yitrōwmēm* [shall exalt himself] and *yiṯgaddēl* [shall magnify himself] above every *'ēl* [god], and against *'ēl* [God of] *'ēlīm* [gods] *yədabbēr* [shall speak] *nip̄lā'ōwṯ* [marvelous things], and *hiṣlîaḥ* [shall prosper] until is *kālāh* [completed] *za'am* [indignation], for that which is *neḥĕrāṣāh* [determined] *ne'ĕśāṯāh* [shall be done].", "grammar": { "*'āśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will do/act'", "*rəṣōwnōw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his will/pleasure'", "*meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - 'the king'", "*yitrōwmēm*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will exalt himself'", "*yiṯgaddēl*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will magnify himself'", "*'ēl*": "masculine singular noun - 'god/deity'", "*'ēlīm*": "masculine plural noun - 'gods/deities'", "*yədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will speak'", "*nip̄lā'ōwṯ*": "Niphal participle feminine plural - 'marvelous/astonishing things'", "*hiṣlîaḥ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'he will succeed/prosper'", "*kālāh*": "Piel infinitive construct - 'completion/finishing'", "*za'am*": "masculine singular noun - 'indignation/anger'", "*neḥĕrāṣāh*": "Niphal participle feminine singular - 'determined/decided'", "*ne'ĕśāṯāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - 'it will be done'" }, "variants": { "*rəṣōwnōw*": "will/desire/pleasure", "*yitrōwmēm*": "exalt himself/raise himself/lift himself up", "*yiṯgaddēl*": "magnify himself/make himself great", "*'ēl*": "god/deity/divine being", "*'ēlīm*": "gods/mighty ones", "*nip̄lā'ōwṯ*": "marvelous things/wonders/astonishing things", "*hiṣlîaḥ*": "prosper/succeed/advance", "*za'am*": "indignation/fury/rage", "*neḥĕrāṣāh*": "determined/decided/decreed" } }
• Dan 8:24-25 : 24 { "verseID": "Daniel.8.24", "source": "וְעָצַ֤ם כֹּחוֹ֙ וְלֹ֣א בְכֹח֔וֹ וְנִפְלָא֥וֹת יַשְׁחִ֖ית וְהִצְלִ֣יחַ וְעָשָׂ֑ה וְהִשְׁחִ֥ית עֲצוּמִ֖ים וְעַם־קְדֹשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And-*ʿāṣam* *kōḥô* and-not in-*ḵōḥô*, and-*niplāʾôṯ* *yašḥîṯ* and-*hiṣlîaḥ* and-*ʿāśâ*. And-*hišḥîṯ* *ʿăṣûmîm* and-*ʿam*-*qᵊḏōšîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāṣam*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he became mighty", "*kōḥô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his power", "*ḵōḥô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his own power", "*niplāʾôṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine, plural - wonders/marvelous things", "*yašḥîṯ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will destroy", "*hiṣlîaḥ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will prosper", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will do/act", "*hišḥîṯ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will destroy", "*ʿăṣûmîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - mighty ones", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - people of", "*qᵊḏōšîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - holy ones" }, "variants": { "*ʿāṣam*": "became mighty/grew strong", "*kōḥô*": "his power/his strength/his might", "*niplāʾôṯ*": "wonders/marvelous things/extraordinary deeds", "*yašḥîṯ*": "will destroy/will ruin/will corrupt", "*hiṣlîaḥ*": "will prosper/will succeed", "*ʿāśâ*": "will do/will perform/will accomplish", "*hišḥîṯ*": "will destroy/will bring to ruin", "*ʿăṣûmîm*": "mighty ones/powerful ones/strong ones", "*ʿam*": "people/nation", "*qᵊḏōšîm*": "holy ones/saints" } } 25 { "verseID": "Daniel.8.25", "source": "וְעַל־שִׂכְל֗וֹ וְהִצְלִ֤יחַ מִרְמָה֙ בְּיָד֔וֹ וּבִלְבָב֣וֹ יַגְדִּ֔יל וּבְשַׁלְוָ֖ה יַשְׁחִ֣ית רַבִּ֑ים וְעַ֤ל שַׂר־שָׂרִים֙ יַעֲמֹ֔ד וּבְאֶ֥פֶס יָ֖ד יִשָּׁבֵֽר׃", "text": "And-upon-*śiḵlô* and-*hiṣlîaḥ* *mirmâ* in-*yāḏô*, and-in-*lᵊḇāḇô* *yaḡdîl*. And-in-*šalwâ* *yašḥîṯ* *rabbîm*, and-upon *śar*-*śārîm* *yaʿămōḏ*, and-in-*ʾepes* *yāḏ* *yiššāḇēr*.", "grammar": { "*śiḵlô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his insight", "*hiṣlîaḥ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will prosper", "*mirmâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - deceit/treachery", "*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*lᵊḇāḇô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*yaḡdîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will magnify himself", "*šalwâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - tranquility/ease", "*yašḥîṯ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will destroy", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - many", "*śar*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - prince of", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - princes", "*yaʿămōḏ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will stand", "*ʾepes*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - cessation of", "*yāḏ*": "noun, feminine, singular - hand", "*yiššāḇēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be broken" }, "variants": { "*śiḵlô*": "his insight/understanding/intelligence", "*hiṣlîaḥ*": "will prosper/will succeed/will cause to succeed", "*mirmâ*": "deceit/treachery/fraud", "*yāḏô*": "his hand/power", "*lᵊḇāḇô*": "his heart/mind/inner self", "*yaḡdîl*": "will magnify himself/exalt himself", "*šalwâ*": "tranquility/ease/security/peace", "*yašḥîṯ*": "will destroy/will corrupt/will ruin", "*rabbîm*": "many/great number", "*śar*": "prince/ruler/chief", "*śārîm*": "princes/rulers/chiefs", "*yaʿămōḏ*": "will stand/will rise up against", "*ʾepes*": "cessation/end/nothing", "*yāḏ*": "hand/power/agency", "*yiššāḇēr*": "will be broken/shattered/destroyed" } }