Deuteronomy 21:8

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.21.8", "source": "כַּפֵּר֩ לְעַמְּךָ֨ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתֵּן֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י בְּקֶ֖רֶב עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הַדָּֽם׃", "text": "*Kappēr* to-*ʿamməkā* *Yiśrāʾēl* which-*pādîtā* *YHWH*, and-not-*tittēn* *dām* *nāqî* in-*qereb* *ʿamməkā* *Yiśrāʾēl*, and-*nikkapēr* to-them the-*dām*.", "grammar": { "*Kappēr*": "Piel imperative, masculine singular - atone/forgive", "*ʿamməkā*": "masculine singular noun construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*pādîtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have redeemed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - may you give", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*nāqî*": "masculine singular adjective - innocent", "*qereb*": "masculine singular noun construct - midst of", "*ʿamməkā*": "masculine singular noun construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*nikkapēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it shall be atoned" }, "variants": { "*Kappēr*": "atone/forgive/cover/purge", "*pādîtā*": "you have redeemed/ransomed/delivered", "*tittēn*": "may you give/place/put", "*dām nāqî*": "innocent blood/blood of an innocent", "*qereb*": "midst/among/within", "*nikkapēr*": "it shall be atoned/forgiven/pardoned" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כַּפֵּר֩ לְעַמְּךָ֨ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־פָּדִ֙יתָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתֵּן֙ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֔י בְּקֶ֖רֶב עַמְּךָ֣ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְנִכַּפֵּ֥ר לָהֶ֖ם הַדָּֽם׃

Transliteration

Kappēr to-ʿamməkā Yiśrāʾēl which-pādîtā YHWH, and-not-tittēn dām nāqî in-qereb ʿamməkā Yiśrāʾēl, and-nikkapēr to-them the-dām.

Grammar Details

• *Kappēr*: Piel imperative, masculine singular - atone/forgive
• *ʿamməkā*: masculine singular noun construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people
• *Yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel
• *pādîtā*: Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have redeemed
• *YHWH*: proper noun - divine name
• *tittēn*: Qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - may you give
• *dām*: masculine singular noun - blood
• *nāqî*: masculine singular adjective - innocent
• *qereb*: masculine singular noun construct - midst of
• *nikkapēr*: Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it shall be atoned

Word Meanings

• *Kappēr*: atone/forgive/cover/purge
• *pādîtā*: you have redeemed/ransomed/delivered
• *tittēn*: may you give/place/put
• *dām nāqî*: innocent blood/blood of an innocent
• *qereb*: midst/among/within
• *nikkapēr*: it shall be atoned/forgiven/pardoned

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  LORD, make atonement for Your people Israel, whom You have redeemed, and do not hold the guilt of innocent blood against Your people Israel.’ And the bloodshed will be atoned for.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast reemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Be merciful, O LORD, to Your people Israel, whom You have redeemed, and do not place innocent blood upon Your people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Forgive,{H3722} O Jehovah,{H3068} thy people{H5971} Israel,{H3478} whom thou hast redeemed,{H6299} and suffer{H5414} not innocent{H5355} blood{H1818} [to remain] in the midst{H7130} of thy people{H5971} Israel.{H3478} And the blood{H1818} shall be forgiven{H3722} them.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Be merciful{H3722}{(H8761)}, O LORD{H3068}, unto thy people{H5971} Israel{H3478}, whom thou hast redeemed{H6299}{(H8804)}, and lay{H5414}{(H8799)} not innocent{H5355} blood{H1818} unto thy people{H5971} of Israel's{H3478} charge{H7130}. And the blood{H1818} shall be forgiven{H3722}{(H8694)} them.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Be mercifull Lord vnto thy people Israel which thou hast delyuered and put not innocent bloude vnto thy people Israel: and the bloude shalbe forgeuen th

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Be mercifull (O LORDE) vnto thy people of Israel, who thou hast delyuered, laye no innocent bloude vnto thy people of Israels charge: then shall they be reconcyled from the bloude.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  O Lord, be mercifull vnto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay no innocent blood to the charge of thy people Israel, and the blood shalbe forgiuen them.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Be mercifull Lorde vnto thy people Israel which thou hast deliuered, and lay no innocent blood vnto thy people of Israels charge. And the blood shalbe forgeuen them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Be merciful, O LORD, unto thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and lay not innocent blood unto thy people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Forgive, Yahweh, your people Israel, whom you have redeemed, and don't allow innocent blood [to remain] in the midst of your people Israel. The blood shall be forgiven them.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  receive atonement for Thy people Israel, whom Thou hast ransomed, O Jehovah, and suffer not innocent blood in the midst of Thy people Israel; and the blood hath been pardoned to them,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Forgive, O Jehovah, thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and suffer not innocent blood `to remain' in the midst of thy people Israel. And the blood shall be forgiven them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Forgive, O Jehovah, thy people Israel, whom thou hast redeemed, and suffer not innocent blood [to remain] in the midst of thy people Israel. And the blood shall be forgiven them.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Have mercy, O Lord, on your people Israel whom you have made free, and take away from your people the crime of a death without cause. Then they will no longer be responsible for the man's death.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Forgive, Yahweh, your people Israel, whom you have redeemed, and don't allow innocent blood [to remain] in the midst of your people Israel." The blood shall be forgiven them.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Do not blame your people Israel whom you redeemed, O LORD, and do not hold them accountable for the bloodshed of an innocent person.” Then atonement will be made for the bloodshed.

Referenced Verses

• Jonah 1:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Jonah.1.14", "source": "וַיִּקְרְא֨וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֜ה וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אָנָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אַל־נָ֣א נֹאבְדָ֗ה בְּנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַזֶּ֔ה וְאַל־תִּתֵּ֥ן עָלֵ֖ינוּ דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑יא כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר חָפַ֖צְתָּ עָשִֽׂיתָ׃", "text": "And-*wayyiqrəʾû* unto-*YHWH* and-*wayyōmərû* *ʾānnāh* *YHWH* not-*nāʾ* *nōḇdāh* for-*nepeš* the-*ʾîš* the-*zeh* and-not-*tittēn* upon-us *dām* *nāqîʾ* for-you *YHWH* as *ḥāpaṣtā* *ʿāśîṯā*", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they called out", "*wayyōmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾānnāh*": "interjection - we pray/please/oh", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*nōḇdāh*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural cohortative - let us perish", "*nepeš*": "noun feminine singular construct - life/soul of", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular + definite article - man", "*zeh*": "demonstrative masculine singular + definite article - this", "*tittēn*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular jussive - may you put/place", "*dām*": "noun masculine singular - blood", "*nāqîʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - innocent", "*ḥāpaṣtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have desired/pleased", "*ʿāśîṯā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have done" }, "variants": { "*ʾānnāh*": "we pray/please/oh now", "*nōḇdāh*": "let us perish/may we die", "*nepeš*": "life/soul/person", "*dām*": "blood/bloodguilt/bloodshed", "*nāqîʾ*": "innocent/clean/free from guilt", "*ḥāpaṣtā*": "you have desired/pleased/delighted in" } }
• Matt 23:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Matthew.23.35", "source": "Ὅπως ἔλθῃ ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς πᾶν αἷμα δίκαιον ἐκχυνόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος Ἄβελ τοῦ δικαίου ἕως τοῦ αἵματος Ζαχαρίου υἱοῦ Βαραχίου, ὃν ἐφονεύσατε μεταξὺ τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου.", "text": "*Hopōs elthē* upon you all *haima* *dikaion* *ekchynomenon* upon the *gēs*, from the *haimatos* *Abel* the *dikaiou* until the *haimatos* *Zachariou* *huiou* *Barachiou*, whom *ephoneusate* between the *naou* and the *thysiastēriou*.", "grammar": { "*Hopōs*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*elthē*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might come", "*eph' hymas*": "preposition with accusative - upon you", "*pan*": "nominative, neuter, singular - all", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood", "*dikaion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - righteous/innocent", "*ekchynomenon*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, neuter, singular - being shed/poured out", "*epi*": "preposition with genitive - upon/on", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*apo*": "preposition with genitive - from", "*haimatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - blood", "*Abel*": "genitive - Abel (proper name)", "*dikaiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - righteous", "*heōs*": "preposition - until/as far as", "*haimatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - blood", "*Zachariou*": "genitive - Zechariah (proper name)", "*huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - son", "*Barachiou*": "genitive - Barachiah (proper name)", "*hon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, relative pronoun - whom", "*ephoneusate*": "aorist, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you murdered", "*metaxy*": "preposition with genitive - between", "*naou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - temple/sanctuary", "*thysiastēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - altar" }, "variants": { "*elthē*": "might come/fall upon/be charged to", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/blood-guilt", "*dikaion*": "righteous/innocent/just", "*ekchynomenon*": "being shed/poured out/spilled", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*haimatos*": "blood/bloodshed", "*dikaiou*": "righteous/innocent/just", "*huiou*": "son/descendant", "*ephoneusate*": "murdered/killed/slaughtered", "*naou*": "temple/sanctuary/shrine", "*thysiastēriou*": "altar/place of sacrifice" } }
• 1 Thess 2:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.2.15", "source": "Τῶν Καὶ τὸν Κύριον ἀποκτεινάντων Ἰησοῦν, καὶ τοὺς ἰδίους προφήτας, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκδιωξάντων· καὶ Θεῷ μὴ ἀρεσκόντων, καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις ἐναντίων:", "text": "The ones *Kai* the *Kyrion* having *apokteinantōn* *Iēsoun*, *kai* the *idious* *prophētas*, *kai* us having *ekdiōxantōn*; *kai* *Theō* not *areskontōn*, *kai* to all *anthrōpois* *enantiōn*:", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and/also/even", "*Kyrion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*apokteinantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having killed", "*Iēsoun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*idious*": "accusative, masculine, plural - their own", "*prophētas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - prophets", "*ekdiōxantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - having driven out/persecuted", "*Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*areskontōn*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - pleasing", "*anthrōpois*": "dative, masculine, plural - to men/people", "*enantiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - contrary/hostile" }, "variants": { "*apokteinantōn*": "having killed/put to death", "*ekdiōxantōn*": "having driven out/persecuted/expelled", "*areskontōn*": "pleasing/seeking to please", "*enantiōn*": "contrary/hostile/opposed" } } 16 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.2.16", "source": "Κωλυόντων ἡμᾶς τοῖς Ἔθνεσιν λαλῆσαι ἵνα σωθῶσιν, εἰς τὸ ἀναπληρῶσαι αὐτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας πάντοτε: ἔφθασεν δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἡ ὀργὴ εἰς τέλος.", "text": "*Kōlyontōn* us to the *Ethnesin* to *lalēsai* *hina* they might be *sōthōsin*, to the *anaplērōsai* of them the *hamartias* *pantote*: *ephthasen* *de* upon them the *orgē* to *telos*.", "grammar": { "*Kōlyontōn*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, plural - hindering/forbidding", "*Ethnesin*": "dative, neuter, plural - to Gentiles/nations", "*lalēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to speak", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*sōthōsin*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might be saved", "*anaplērōsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to fill up/complete", "*hamartias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - sins", "*pantote*": "adverb - always/at all times", "*ephthasen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - came/has come", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*orgē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wrath/anger", "*telos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - end/uttermost" }, "variants": { "*Kōlyontōn*": "hindering/forbidding/preventing", "*Ethnesin*": "Gentiles/nations/peoples", "*sōthōsin*": "they might be saved/rescued", "*anaplērōsai*": "to fill up/complete/fulfill", "*ephthasen*": "came/has come/overtook", "*orgē*": "wrath/anger", "*telos*": "end/uttermost/completely" } }
• Num 35:33-34 : 33 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.33", "source": "וְלֹֽא־תַחֲנִ֣יפוּ אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתֶּם֙ בָּ֔הּ כִּ֣י הַדָּ֔ם ה֥וּא יַחֲנִ֖יף אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְלָאָ֣רֶץ לֹֽא־יְכֻפַּ֗ר לַדָּם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שֻׁפַּךְ־בָּ֔הּ כִּי־אִ֖ם בְּדַ֥ם שֹׁפְכֽוֹ׃", "text": "And not *ṯaḥănîp̄û* *ʾeṯ*-the land *ʾăšer* you in it for *haddām* it *yaḥănîp̄* *ʾeṯ*-the land and for the land not *yəḵuppar* for *dām* *ʾăšer* *šuppaḵ*-in it except with *dam* *šōp̄əḵô*.", "grammar": { "*ṯaḥănîp̄û*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall pollute", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*haddām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the blood", "*yaḥănîp̄*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it pollutes", "*yəḵuppar*": "Pual imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it shall be atoned", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*šuppaḵ*": "Pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it was shed", "*dam*": "masculine singular noun construct - blood of", "*šōp̄əḵô*": "Qal participle, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - one who sheds it" }, "variants": { "*ḥānēp̄*": "pollute/defile/corrupt", "*kuppār*": "atone/make expiation/purge", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "pour out/shed/spill" } } 34 { "verseID": "Numbers.35.34", "source": "וְלֹ֧א תְטַמֵּ֣א אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר אַתֶּם֙ יֹשְׁבִ֣ים בָּ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲנִ֖י שֹׁכֵ֣ן בְּתוֹכָ֑הּ כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה שֹׁכֵ֕ן בְּת֖וֹךְ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ", "text": "And not *ṯəṭammēʾ* *ʾeṯ*-the land *ʾăšer* you *yōšəḇîm* in it *ʾăšer* I *šōḵēn* *bəṯôḵāh* for I *YHWH* *šōḵēn* *bəṯôḵ* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ṯəṭammēʾ*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall defile", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yōšəḇîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - dwelling", "*šōḵēn*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - dwelling", "*bəṯôḵāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in the midst of it", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*bəṯôḵ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun construct - in the midst of", "*bənê*": "construct masculine plural of *bēn* - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ṭāmēʾ*": "defile/make unclean/pollute", "*yōšēḇ*": "dweller/inhabitant/resident", "*šōḵēn*": "dwelling/residing/abiding", "*tôḵ*": "midst/among/within" } }
• 2 Sam 3:28 : 28 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.28", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע דָּוִד֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָקִ֨י אָנֹכִ֧י וּמַמְלַכְתִּ֛י מֵעִ֥ם יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם מִדְּמֵ֖י אַבְנֵ֥ר בֶּן־נֵֽר׃", "text": "And *wə-yišmaʿ* *dāwid* from-after thus and *wə-yōʾmer* *nāqî* *ʾānōkî* and-*mamləkatî* from-with *yhwh* until-*ʿôlām* from-*dəmê* *ʾabnēr* son-of-*nēr*", "grammar": { "*wə-yišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - innocent/free from guilt", "*ʾānōkî*": "independent personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*mamləkatî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my kingdom", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*dəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bloods of", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*nēr*": "proper noun - Ner" }, "variants": { "*nāqî*": "innocent/free from guilt/exempt", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*dəmê*": "bloods/bloodguilt/bloodshed" } }
• 2 Kgs 24:4 : 4 { "verseID": "2 Kings.24.4", "source": "וְגַ֤ם דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפָ֔ךְ וַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֶת־יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם דָּ֣ם נָקִ֑י וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לִסְלֹֽחַ׃", "text": "And-also *dam*-*hannāqî* which *šāp̄āḵ* and-*wayəmallēʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*yərûšālaim* *dām* *nāqî* and-not-*ʾāḇāh* *YHWH* *lisəlōaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*dam*": "masculine singular construct noun - blood of", "*hannāqî*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the innocent", "*šāp̄āḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he shed/poured out", "*wayəmallēʾ*": "Piel imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - and he filled", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*nāqî*": "masculine singular adjective - innocent", "*ʾāḇāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he was willing/consented", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - LORD", "*lisəlōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - to forgive" }, "variants": { "*šāp̄āḵ*": "shed/poured out/spilled", "*wayəmallēʾ*": "and he filled/made full", "*ʾāḇāh*": "was willing/consented/desired" } }
• Ps 19:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.12", "source": "גַּֽם־עַ֭בְדְּךָ נִזְהָ֣ר בָּהֶ֑ם בְּ֝שָׁמְרָ֗ם עֵ֣קֶב רָֽב׃", "text": "Also-*ʿaḇdəḵā* *nizhār* in-them in-*šāmrām* *ʿēqeḇ* great", "grammar": { "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "noun, masculine, singular with 2ms suffix - your servant", "*nizhār*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine, singular - warned/enlightened", "*šāmrām*": "verb, qal infinitive construct with 3mp suffix - keeping them", "*ʿēqeḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - reward/consequence" }, "variants": { "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "your servant", "*nizhār*": "warned/instructed/enlightened/admonished", "*šāmrām*": "keeping them/observing them/guarding them", "*ʿēqeḇ*": "reward/consequence/result/outcome" } }
• Jer 26:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.26.15", "source": "אַ֣ךְ ׀ יָדֹ֣עַ תֵּדְע֗וּ כִּ֣י אִם־מְמִתִ֣ים אַתֶּם֮ אֹתִי֒ כִּי־דָ֣ם נָקִ֗י אַתֶּם֙ נֹתְנִ֣ים עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וְאֶל־הָעִ֥יר הַזֹּ֖את וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֣י בֶאֱמֶ֗ת שְׁלָחַ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם לְדַבֵּר֙ בְּאָזְנֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "Only *yāḏōaʿ* *tēḏəʿû* that if-*məmîṯîm* you *ʾōṯî*, that-*dām* *nāqî* you *nōṯənîm* upon-yourselves and-upon-the-*ʿîr* the-this and-upon-*yōšəḇêhā*, because in-*ʾĕmeṯ* *šəlāḥanî* *Yəhwāh* to-you to-*ḏabbēr* in-*ʾāzənêḵem* *ʾēṯ* all-the-*dəḇārîm* the-these.", "grammar": { "*yāḏōaʿ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - knowing", "*tēḏəʿû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will know", "*məmîṯîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine plural - putting to death", "*ʾōṯî*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*dām*": "masculine singular - blood", "*nāqî*": "masculine singular - innocent", "*nōṯənîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - giving/placing", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*yōšəḇêhā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her inhabitants", "*ʾĕmeṯ*": "feminine singular - truth", "*šəlāḥanî*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he sent me", "*ḏabbēr*": "Piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*ʾāzənêḵem*": "feminine dual with 2nd person masculine plural possessive suffix - your ears", "*dəḇārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the words" }, "variants": { "*yāḏōaʿ tēḏəʿû*": "emphatic construction - know for certain/surely know", "*dām nāqî*": "innocent blood - idiom for killing an innocent person", "*ʾĕmeṯ*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*yāšaḇ*": "dwell/sit/remain" } }
• Ezek 23:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.3", "source": "וַתִּזְנֶ֣ינָה בְמִצְרַ֔יִם בִּנְעוּרֵיהֶ֖ן זָנ֑וּ שָׁ֚מָּה מֹעֲכ֣וּ שְׁדֵיהֶ֔ן וְשָׁ֣ם עִשּׂ֔וּ דַּדֵּ֖י בְּתוּלֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And *wattiznênā* in *miṣrayim* in *binəʿûrêhen* *zānû* there *mōʿăkû* *šədêhen* and there *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *bətûlêhen*", "grammar": { "*wattiznênā*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *zānâ* - and they played the whore/committed fornication", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*binəʿûrêhen*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - in their youth", "*zānû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect of *zānâ* - they played the whore", "*mōʿăkû*": "3rd plural masculine Qal perfect - they pressed/squeezed/handled", "*šədêhen*": "plural construct noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their breasts", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/squeezed/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*bətûlêhen*": "plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their virginity/maidenhood" }, "variants": { "*zānâ*": "to commit fornication/play the harlot/be unfaithful", "*mōʿăkû*": "to press/handle/squeeze", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*bətûlêhen*": "their virginity/maidenhood/youth" } }
• Ezek 23:24-25 : 24 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.24", "source": "וּבָ֣אוּ עָלַ֡יִךְ הֹ֠צֶן רֶ֤כֶב וְגַלְגַּל֙ וּבִקְהַ֣ל עַמִּ֔ים צִנָּ֤ה וּמָגֵן֙ וְקוֹבַ֔ע יָשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלַ֖יִךְ סָבִ֑יב וְנָתַתִּ֤י לִפְנֵיהֶם֙ מִשְׁפָּ֔ט וּשְׁפָט֖וּךְ בְּמִשְׁפְּטֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And they will *bāʾû* [come] *ʿālayik* [against you] *hōṣen* [with weapon/armor], *rekeb* and *galgal* [chariot and wheel], and *biqhal* *ʿammîm* [with assembly of peoples]; *ṣinnāh* and *māgēn* and *qôbaʿ* [buckler and shield and helmet] they will *yāśîmû* [set] *ʿālayik* [against you] *sābîb* [all around]. And I will *nātattî* [give] *lipnêhem* [before them] *mišpāṭ* [judgment], and they will *šᵊpāṭûk* [judge you] *bᵊmišpᵊṭêhem* [according to their judgments].", "grammar": { "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - they will come", "*ʿālayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - against you", "*hōṣen*": "noun - weapon/armor/apparatus", "*rekeb*": "masculine singular noun - chariot/vehicle", "*galgal*": "masculine singular noun - wheel/whirl", "*biqhal*": "masculine singular noun with preposition bet - with assembly/congregation", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples/nations", "*ṣinnāh*": "feminine singular noun - large shield/buckler", "*māgēn*": "masculine singular noun - shield", "*qôbaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - helmet", "*yāśîmû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will set/place", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - I will give/place", "*lipnêhem*": "preposition lamed + construct masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - before them", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment/justice/ordinance", "*šᵊpāṭûk*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - they will judge you", "*bᵊmišpᵊṭêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix and preposition bet - according to their judgments" }, "variants": { "*hōṣen*": "weapon/armor/apparatus", "*rekeb*": "chariot/vehicle/riding equipment", "*galgal*": "wheel/whirl/rolling thing", "*ṣinnāh*": "large shield/buckler", "*māgēn*": "shield/defense", "*qôbaʿ*": "helmet/head covering", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal case", "*šᵊpāṭûk*": "judge you/decide your case/punish you", "*mišpᵊṭêhem*": "their judgments/customs/legal decisions" } } 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.25", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֨י קִנְאָתִ֜י בָּ֗ךְ וְעָשׂ֤וּ אוֹתָךְ֙ בְּחֵמָ֔ה אַפֵּ֤ךְ וְאָזְנַ֙יִךְ֙ יָסִ֔ירוּ וְאַחֲרִיתֵ֖ךְ בַּחֶ֣רֶב תִּפּ֑וֹל הֵ֗מָּה בָּנַ֤יִךְ וּבְנוֹתַ֙יִךְ֙ יִקָּ֔חוּ וְאַחֲרִיתֵ֖ךְ תֵּאָכֵ֥ל בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And I will *nātattî* [direct] *qinʾātî* [my jealousy] *bāk* [against you], and they will *ʿāśû* [deal] *ʾôtāk* [with you] *bᵊḥēmāh* [in fury]; *ʾappēk* and *ʾoznayik* [your nose and your ears] they will *yāsîrû* [remove], and *ʾaḥărîtēk* [your remnant] *baḥereb* [by the sword] *tippôl* [will fall]. *hēmmāh* [They] *bānayik* and *bᵊnôtayik* [your sons and your daughters] *yiqqāḥû* [will take], and *ʾaḥărîtēk* [your remnant] *tēʾākēl* [will be consumed] *bāʾēš* [by fire].", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - I will give/place/direct", "*qinʾātî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my jealousy/zeal", "*bāk*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - in/against you", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - they will do/make/deal", "*ʾôtāk*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - with you", "*bᵊḥēmāh*": "feminine singular noun with preposition bet - in fury/wrath", "*ʾappēk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your nose", "*ʾoznayik*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your ears", "*yāsîrû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will remove/take away", "*ʾaḥărîtēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your remnant/posterity", "*baḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with preposition bet - by the sword", "*tippôl*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will fall", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd person masculine plural independent pronoun - they", "*bānayik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sons", "*bᵊnôtayik*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your daughters", "*yiqqāḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will take", "*tēʾākēl*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will be consumed/devoured", "*bāʾēš*": "feminine singular noun with preposition bet - by/with fire" }, "variants": { "*qinʾātî*": "my jealousy/zeal/ardor", "*ʿāśû*": "deal with/treat/act toward", "*bᵊḥēmāh*": "in fury/rage/wrath", "*ʾappēk*": "your nose/face/anger", "*yāsîrû*": "remove/take away/cut off", "*ʾaḥărîtēk*": "your remnant/remainder/posterity", "*tippôl*": "will fall/drop/be killed", "*yiqqāḥû*": "take/seize/capture", "*tēʾākēl*": "be consumed/devoured/burned" } }