8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.8",
"source": "עַֽל־כָּל־דְּבַר־פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־שׁ֡וֹר עַל־חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־שֶׂ֨ה עַל־שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־כָּל־אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ה֣וּא זֶ֔ה עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "For every *dĕbar*-*pešaʿ*, for *šôr*, for *ḥămôr*, for *śeh*, for *śalmâ*, for every *ʾăbēdâ*, which *yōʾmar* that it *hûʾ zeh*, unto the *ʾĕlōhîm* shall come *dĕbar*-*šĕnêhem*; whom *yaršîʿun ʾĕlōhîm*, *yĕšallēm šĕnayim lĕrēʿēhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct, 'matter of/case of'",
"*pešaʿ*": "masculine singular noun, 'transgression/breach of trust'",
"*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'",
"*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'",
"*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'",
"*śalmâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'garment/cloak'",
"*ʾăbēdâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'lost thing'",
"*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he will say'",
"*hûʾ zeh*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun + demonstrative pronoun, 'this is it'",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite masculine plural noun, 'God/judges'",
"*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct, 'case/matter of'",
"*šĕnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'of both of them'",
"*yaršîʿun*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, 'they shall condemn'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'",
"*šĕnayim*": "masculine dual number, 'two/double'",
"*lĕrēʿēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to his neighbor'"
},
"variants": {
"*dĕbar-pešaʿ*": "case of trespass/breach of trust/transgression",
"*ʾăbēdâ*": "lost item/missing property",
"*yaršîʿun*": "condemn/declare guilty/convict"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.9",
"source": "כִּֽי־יִתֵּן֩ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֜הוּ חֲמ֨וֹר אוֹ־שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־שֶׂ֛ה וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֑ר וּמֵ֛ת אוֹ־נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אוֹ־נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה׃",
"text": "When *yittēn ʾîš* to *rēʿēhû ḥămôr* or-*šôr* or-*śeh* and all-*bĕhēmâ lišmōr*, and *ûmēt* or-*nišbar* or-*nišbâ ʾên rōʾeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'gives'",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'",
"*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'donkey'",
"*šôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'ox'",
"*śeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'sheep/lamb'",
"*bĕhēmâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'animal/beast'",
"*lišmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition, 'to keep/guard'",
"*ûmēt*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it dies'",
"*nišbar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is broken/injured'",
"*nišbâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is taken captive/driven away'",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'there is no'",
"*rōʾeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular, 'one seeing/witness'"
},
"variants": {
"*nišbar*": "is injured/broken/harmed",
"*nišbâ*": "is captured/driven away/stolen",
"*ʾên rōʾeh*": "no one seeing/without witness"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.10",
"source": "שְׁבֻעַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה תִּהְיֶה֙ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ בִּמְלֶ֣אכֶת רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְלָקַ֥ח בְּעָלָ֖יו וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃",
"text": "*Šĕbuʿat YHWH tihyeh* between *šĕnêhem* if not *šālaḥ yādô* into *mĕleʾket rēʿēhû*, and *wĕlāqaḥ bĕʿālāyw* and not *yĕšallēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*Šĕbuʿat*": "feminine singular construct, 'oath of'",
"YHWH": "divine name",
"*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'it shall be'",
"*šĕnêhem*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'both of them'",
"*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'sent/put'",
"*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his hand'",
"*mĕleʾket*": "feminine singular construct, 'work/property of'",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'",
"*wĕlāqaḥ*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and he shall take'",
"*bĕʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'its owners'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'"
},
"variants": {
"*Šĕbuʿat YHWH*": "oath of YHWH/swearing by YHWH",
"*šālaḥ yādô*": "put forth his hand/misappropriated/took",
"*wĕlāqaḥ bĕʿālāyw*": "the owner shall accept/take it"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.11",
"source": "וְאִם־גָּנֹ֥ב יִגָּנֵ֖ב מֵעִמּ֑וֹ יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לִבְעָלָֽיו׃",
"text": "And if *gānōb yiggānēb* from with him, *yĕšallēm libʿālāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*gānōb yiggānēb*": "niphal infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is surely stolen'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'",
"*libʿālāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'to its owners'"
},
"variants": {
"*gānōb yiggānēb*": "is surely stolen/certainly taken/definitely stolen",
"*libʿālāyw*": "to its owner/to the owner"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.12",
"source": "אִם־טָרֹ֥ף יִטָּרֵ֖ף יְבִאֵ֣הוּ עֵ֑ד הַטְּרֵפָ֖ה לֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃",
"text": "If *ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*, *yĕbîʾēhû ʿēd*; the *ṭĕrēpâ* not *yĕšallēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*": "niphal infinitive absolute + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is surely torn'",
"*yĕbîʾēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'he shall bring it'",
"*ʿēd*": "masculine singular noun, 'witness/evidence'",
"*ṭĕrēpâ*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'torn thing'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭārōp yiṭṭārēp*": "is surely torn/certainly mauled by beast",
"*yĕbîʾēhû ʿēd*": "he shall bring it as evidence/witness"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.13",
"source": "וְכִֽי־יִשְׁאַ֥ל אִ֛ישׁ מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃",
"text": "And when *yišʾal ʾîš* from with *rēʿēhû* and *wĕnišbar* or-*mēt*, *bĕʿālāyw ʾên*-with him, *šallēm yĕšallēm*.",
"grammar": {
"*yišʾal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'borrows'",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'",
"*rēʿēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his neighbor'",
"*wĕnišbar*": "niphal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it is broken'",
"*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'dies'",
"*bĕʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'its owners'",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation, 'is not'",
"*šallēm yĕšallēm*": "piel infinitive absolute + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall surely repay'"
},
"variants": {
"*yišʾal*": "borrows/asks for",
"*wĕnišbar*": "is broken/injured/harmed"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.14",
"source": "אִם־בְּעָלָ֥יו עִמּ֖וֹ לֹ֣א יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם אִם־שָׂכִ֣יר ה֔וּא בָּ֖א בִּשְׂכָרֽוֹ׃",
"text": "If *bĕʿālāyw* with him, not *yĕšallēm*; if *śākîr hûʾ*, *bāʾ biśkārô*.",
"grammar": {
"*bĕʿālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'its owners'",
"*yĕšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall repay'",
"*śākîr*": "masculine singular adjective, 'hired'",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it'",
"*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it came'",
"*biśkārô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'for its hire/wages'"
},
"variants": {
"*śākîr*": "hired/rented",
"*bāʾ biśkārô*": "came with its payment/was included in the hire price"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.22.15",
"source": "וְכִֽי־יְפַתֶּ֣ה אִ֗ישׁ בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־אֹרָ֖שָׂה וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ מָהֹ֛ר יִמְהָרֶ֥נָּה לּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃",
"text": "And when *yĕpatteh ʾîš bĕtûlâ* which not-*ʾōrāśâ* and *wĕšākab* with her, *māhōr yimhārennâ* to him *lĕʾiššâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yĕpatteh*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'entices/seduces'",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun, 'man'",
"*bĕtûlâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'virgin'",
"*ʾōrāśâ*": "pual perfect, 3rd feminine singular, 'is betrothed'",
"*wĕšākab*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, 'and lies'",
"*māhōr yimhārennâ*": "qal infinitive absolute + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'he shall surely pay the bride-price for her'",
"*lĕʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun, 'for a wife'"
},
"variants": {
"*yĕpatteh*": "entices/seduces/persuades",
"*māhōr yimhārennâ*": "shall surely pay her bride-price/endow her/give marriage payment for her"
}
}