Ezekiel 16:24

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.24", "source": "וַתִּבְנִי־לָ֖ךְ גֶּ֑ב וַתַּעֲשִׂי־לָ֥ךְ רָמָ֖ה בְּכָל־רְחֽוֹב׃", "text": "And *wattibnî*-to you *geb* and *wattaʿăśî*-to you *rāmāh* in all-*rəḥôb*.", "grammar": { "*wattibnî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you built", "*geb*": "mound/arched place/vaulted chamber, noun absolute", "*wattaʿăśî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you made", "*rāmāh*": "high place/elevated place, noun absolute", "*rəḥôb*": "street/plaza/square, noun absolute" }, "variants": { "*geb*": "mound/arched place/vaulted chamber/brothel/shrine", "*rāmāh*": "high place/elevated place/shrine", "*rəḥôb*": "street/plaza/public square/open area" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַתִּבְנִי־לָ֖ךְ גֶּ֑ב וַתַּעֲשִׂי־לָ֥ךְ רָמָ֖ה בְּכָל־רְחֽוֹב׃

Transliteration

And wattibnî-to you geb and wattaʿăśî-to you rāmāh in all-rəḥôb.

Grammar Details

• *wattibnî*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you built
• *geb*: mound/arched place/vaulted chamber, noun absolute
• *wattaʿăśî*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you made
• *rāmāh*: high place/elevated place, noun absolute
• *rəḥôb*: street/plaza/square, noun absolute

Word Meanings

• *geb*: mound/arched place/vaulted chamber/brothel/shrine
• *rāmāh*: high place/elevated place/shrine
• *rəḥôb*: street/plaza/public square/open area

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  You built yourselves a mound and made high places at every street corner.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  That thou hast also built unto thee an eminent place, and hast made thee an high place in every street.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  That you have also built yourself an eminent place, and have made yourself a high place in every street.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  That thou hast also built unto thee an eminent place, and hast made thee an high place in every street.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  that thou hast built{H1129} unto thee a vaulted place,{H1354} and hast made{H6213} thee a lofty place{H7413} in every street.{H7339}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  That thou hast also built{H1129}{(H8799)} unto thee an eminent place{H1354}, and hast made{H6213}{(H8799)} thee an high place{H7413} in every street{H7339}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  thou hast buylded thy stewes and brodel houses in euery place: yee at the heade of euery strete

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thou hast also built vnto thee an hie place, and hast made thee an hie place in euery streete.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thou hast buylt vnto thee an hye place, and hast made thee an hye place in euery streete.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  [That] thou hast also built unto thee an eminent place, and hast made thee an high place in every street.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  that you have built to you a vaulted place, and have made you a lofty place in every street.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  That thou dost build to thee an arch, And dost make to thee a high place in every broad place.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  that thou hast built unto thee a vaulted place, and hast made thee a lofty place in every street.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  that thou hast built unto thee a vaulted place, and hast made thee a lofty place in every street.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  That you made for yourself an arched room in every open place.

• World English Bible (2000)

  that you have built for yourselves a vaulted place, and have made yourselves a lofty place in every street.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  you built yourself a chamber and put up a pavilion in every public square.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 57:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.7", "source": "עַ֤ל הַר־גָּבֹ֙הַּ֙ וְנִשָּׂ֔א שַׂ֖מְתְּ מִשְׁכָּבֵ֑ךְ גַּם־שָׁ֥ם עָלִ֖ית לִזְבֹּ֥חַ זָֽבַח׃", "text": "*ʿal* *har-gābōah* *wə-niśśāʾ* *śamt* *miškābēk* *gam-šām* *ʿālît* *lizbōaḥ* *zābaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*har-gābōah*": "noun, masculine, singular + adjective - mountain high", "*wə-niśśāʾ*": "conjunctive waw + niphal participle, masculine, singular - and lifted up/lofty", "*śamt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you placed/set", "*miškābēk*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your bed/couch", "*gam-šām*": "adverb + adverb - also there", "*ʿālît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you went up", "*lizbōaḥ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sacrifice", "*zābaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - sacrifice" }, "variants": { "*gābōah*": "high/lofty/exalted", "*niśśāʾ*": "lifted up/exalted/lofty", "*miškābēk*": "your bed/couch/place of lying", "*ʿālît*": "you went up/ascended", "*zābaḥ*": "sacrifice/offering" } }
• Ps 78:58 : 58 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.58", "source": "וַיַּכְעִיס֥וּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָ֑ם וּ֝בִפְסִילֵיהֶ֗ם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû* in *bāmôṯām* *û-ḇipsîlêhem* *yaqnîʾûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they provoked him to anger", "*bāmôṯām*": "in their high places - preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*û-ḇipsîlêhem*": "and with their carved images - conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "provoked him to anger/vexed him/made him indignant", "*bāmôṯām*": "high places/cult platforms/sacred heights", "*pəsîlêhem*": "carved images/idols/graven images", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "made him jealous/moved him to jealousy/provoked his zeal" } }
• Ezek 16:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.31", "source": "בִּבְנוֹתַ֤יִךְ גַּבֵּךְ֙ בְּרֹ֣אשׁ כָּל־דֶּ֔רֶךְ וְרָמָתֵ֥ךְ עָשִׂ֖ית בְּכָל־רְח֑וֹב וְלֹא־הָיִ֥ית כַּזּוֹנָ֖ה לְקַלֵּ֥ס אֶתְנָֽן׃", "text": "In *bibnôtayik* *gabbēk* in *bərōʾš* all-*derek* and *wərāmātēk* *ʿāśît* in all-*rəḥôb* and not-*hāyît* like *kazzônāh* to *ləqallēs* *ʾetnān*.", "grammar": { "*bibnôtayik*": "in your building, preposition + qal infinitive construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*gabbēk*": "your mound/arched place, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*bərōʾš*": "in the head/top of, preposition + noun construct", "*derek*": "way/road/path, noun absolute", "*wərāmātēk*": "and your high place, conjunction + noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʿāśît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you made", "*rəḥôb*": "street/plaza/square, noun absolute", "*hāyît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you were", "*kazzônāh*": "like the prostitute, preposition + definite article + qal participle feminine singular", "*ləqallēs*": "to mock/scorn, preposition + piel infinitive construct", "*ʾetnān*": "hire/payment/fee, noun absolute" }, "variants": { "*gabbēk*": "your mound/your arched place/your vaulted chamber/your shrine", "*ləqallēs*": "to mock/to scorn/to reject/to disdain", "*ʾetnān*": "hire/payment/fee/wages [of prostitution]" } }
• Ezek 16:39 : 39 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.39", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֨י אוֹתָ֜ךְ בְּיָדָ֗ם וְהָרְס֤וּ גַבֵּךְ֙ וְנִתְּצ֣וּ רָמֹתַ֔יִךְ וְהִפְשִׁ֤יטוּ אוֹתָךְ֙ בְּגָדַ֔יִךְ וְלָקְח֖וּ כְּלֵ֣י תִפְאַרְתֵּ֑ךְ וְהִנִּיח֖וּךְ עֵירֹ֥ם וְעֶרְיָֽה׃", "text": "And *wənātattî* *ʾôtāḵ* in *bəyādām* and *wəhārəsû* your *gabēḵ* and *wənitəṣû* your *rāmōtayiḵ* and *wəhipšîṭû* *ʾôtāḵ* your *bəgādayiḵ* and *wəlāqəḥû* *kəlê* your *tipʾartēḵ* and *wəhinîḥûḵ* *ʿêrōm* and *wəʿeryāh*.", "grammar": { "*wənātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will give", "*ʾôtāḵ*": "direct object marker with 2nd feminine singular suffix - you", "*bəyādām*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their hand/power", "*wəhārəsû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will demolish/tear down", "*gabēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your eminence/mound/brothel", "*wənitəṣû*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will break down/destroy", "*rāmōtayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your high places/platforms", "*wəhipšîṭû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will strip/remove", "*bəgādayiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your clothes/garments", "*wəlāqəḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will take", "*kəlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - articles/vessels/implements of", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your beauty/glory/ornament", "*wəhinîḥûḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive and 2nd feminine singular suffix - and they will leave you", "*ʿêrōm*": "adjective, masculine singular - naked/bare", "*wəʿeryāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - and naked/bare" }, "variants": { "*gabēḵ*": "your mound/back/eminence/brothel/vault", "*rāmōtayiḵ*": "your high places/elevated platforms/cult sites", "*kəlê*": "vessels/articles/implements/instruments", "*tipʾartēḵ*": "your beauty/glory/splendor/ornament" } }
• Ezek 20:28-29 : 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.28", "source": "וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּרְאוּ֩ כָל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֤ם אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔ם וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם", "text": "And *ʾăbîʾēm* to the *ʾāreṣ* which *nāśāʾtî* my *yādî* to give it to them, and they *yirʾû* every *gibʿāh rāmāh* and every *ʿēṣ ʿābōt* and they *yizbəḥû* there their *zibḥêhem* and they *yittənû* there the *kaʿas* of their *qorbānām* and they *yāśîmû* there the *rêaḥ* of their *nîḥôḥêhem* and they *yassîkû* there their *niskêhem*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾăbîʾēm*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I brought them", "*ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I lifted/raised", "*ʾet-yādî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*lātēt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-yirʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they saw", "*kol-gibʿāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - every hill", "*rāmāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wə-kol-ʿēṣ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - and every tree", "*ʿābōt*": "adjective, masculine singular - leafy, thick", "*wa-yizbəḥû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they sacrificed", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-zibḥêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sacrifices", "*wa-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they gave", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*kaʿas*": "noun, masculine singular construct - provocation of", "*qorbānām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their offering", "*wa-yāśîmû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they placed", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*rêaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fragrance of", "*nîḥôḥêhem*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their soothing aroma", "*wa-yassîkû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they poured out", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-niskêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their drink offerings" }, "variants": { "*ʾăbîʾēm*": "I brought them, I led them", "*nāśāʾtî yādî*": "lifted my hand (idiom for swearing an oath)", "*gibʿāh rāmāh*": "high hill (often a place of pagan worship)", "*ʿēṣ ʿābōt*": "leafy/thick tree (often associated with pagan worship)", "*yizbəḥû*": "sacrificed, slaughtered ritually", "*zibḥêhem*": "their sacrifices, their offerings", "*kaʿas qorbānām*": "provocation of their offering (offerings that provoke anger)", "*rêaḥ nîḥôḥêhem*": "fragrance of their soothing aroma (ritual term for acceptable sacrifice)", "*yassîkû*": "poured out, offered libations", "*niskêhem*": "their drink offerings, their libations" } } 29 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.29", "source": "וָאֹמַ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם מָ֣ה הַבָּמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם הַבָּאִ֖ים שָׁ֑ם וַיִּקָּרֵ֤א שְׁמָהּ֙ בָּמָ֔ה עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה", "text": "And *ʾōmar* to them, what is the *bāmāh* which you *bāʾîm* there? And *yiqqārēʾ* its name *bāmāh* until this *yôm*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾōmar*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*māh*": "interrogative - what", "*ha-bāmāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the high place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ha-bāʾîm*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine plural - the ones coming", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*wa-yiqqārēʾ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and is called", "*šəmāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its name", "*bāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - high place", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*bāmāh*": "high place, elevated place of worship", "*bāʾîm*": "coming, entering, going", "*yiqqārēʾ šəmāh*": "its name is called (passive construction)" } }
• Jer 2:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.20", "source": "כִּ֣י מֵעוֹלָ֞ם שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי עֻלֵּ֗ךְ נִתַּ֙קְתִּי֙ מוֹסְרֹתַ֔יִךְ וַתֹּאמְרִ֖י לֹ֣א אעבד אֶעֱב֑וֹר כִּ֣י עַֽל־כָּל־גִּבְעָ֞ה גְּבֹהָ֗ה וְתַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֔ן אַ֖תְּ צֹעָ֥ה זֹנָֽה׃", "text": "*kî* *mēʿôlām* *šābartî* *ʿullēk* *nittaqtî* *môsərôtayik* *wattōʾmərî* *lōʾ* *ʾeʿĕbôr* *kî* *ʿal*-*kol*-*gibʿāh* *gəbōhāh* *wətaḥat* *kol*-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān* *ʾatt* *ṣōʿāh* *zōnāh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mēʿôlām*": "preposition + noun - from of old/long ago", "*šābartî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - I broke", "*ʿullēk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your yoke", "*nittaqtî*": "perfect Piel, 1st singular - I tore off/broke", "*môsərôtayik*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your bonds/fetters", "*wattōʾmərî*": "consecutive imperfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and you said", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeʿĕbôr*": "imperfect Qal, 1st singular - I will serve/transgress (textual variant between *ʾeʿĕbōd* [serve] and *ʾeʿĕbôr* [transgress/cross over])", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon", "*kol*": "construct noun - every/all of", "*gibʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - hill", "*gəbōhāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wətaḥat*": "conjunction + preposition - and under", "*kol*": "construct noun - every/all of", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - tree", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - luxuriant/green/leafy", "*ʾatt*": "2nd feminine singular pronoun - you", "*ṣōʿāh*": "participle Qal, feminine singular - bowing down/reclining", "*zōnāh*": "participle Qal, feminine singular - prostituting/playing harlot" }, "variants": { "*mēʿôlām*": "from of old/long ago/ancient times", "*šābartî*": "I broke/shattered/smashed", "*ʿullēk*": "your yoke/burden", "*nittaqtî*": "I tore off/broke/burst", "*môsərôtayik*": "your bonds/fetters/chains", "*ʾeʿĕbôr*": "I will serve (Qere: *ʾeʿĕbōd*) / I will transgress (Ketiv: *ʾeʿĕbôr*)", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height", "*raʿănān*": "luxuriant/green/leafy/flourishing", "*ṣōʿāh*": "bowing down/reclining/lying down", "*zōnāh*": "prostituting/playing harlot/being unfaithful" } }
• Jer 3:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.2", "source": "שְׂאִֽי־עֵינַ֨יִךְ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֜ם וּרְאִ֗י אֵיפֹה֙ לֹ֣א *שגלת **שֻׁכַּ֔בְתְּ עַל־דְּרָכִים֙ יָשַׁ֣בְתְּ לָהֶ֔ם כַּעֲרָבִ֖י בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַתַּחֲנִ֣יפִי אֶ֔רֶץ בִּזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ וּבְרָעָתֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*śᵉʾî*-*ʿênayiḵ* upon-*šᵉp̄āyim* and-*rᵉʾî*, where not *šuggalᵉt/**šukkaḇᵉt*. Upon-*dᵉrāḵîm* *yāšaḇᵉt* for-them like-*ʿarāḇî* in-the-*midbar*. *wattaḥănîp̄î* *ʾereṣ* with-*zᵉnûtayiḵ* and-with-*rāʿātēḵ*.", "grammar": { "*śᵉʾî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'lift up'", "*ʿênayiḵ*": "noun, dual construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your eyes'", "*šᵉp̄āyim*": "noun, masculine plural - 'bare heights/high places'", "*rᵉʾî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'see/look'", "*šuggalᵉt/**šukkaḇᵉt*": "Kethib/Qere: Pual perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you were ravished/you were lain with'", "*dᵉrāḵîm*": "noun, feminine plural - 'roads/ways/paths'", "*yāšaḇᵉt*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you sat/waited'", "*ʿarāḇî*": "noun, masculine singular - 'Arab/nomad'", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular - 'wilderness/desert'", "*wattaḥănîp̄î*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 2nd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and you polluted'", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'land/earth'", "*zᵉnûtayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your harlotries/prostitutions'", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your wickedness/evil'" }, "variants": { "*śᵉʾî*": "lift up/raise", "*ʿênayiḵ*": "your eyes", "*šᵉp̄āyim*": "bare heights/high places/barren hills", "*rᵉʾî*": "see/look/observe", "*šuggalᵉt/**šukkaḇᵉt*": "you were ravished/you were lain with/you were violated", "*dᵉrāḵîm*": "roads/ways/paths", "*yāšaḇᵉt*": "you sat/you waited/you dwelled", "*ʿarāḇî*": "Arab/nomad/desert dweller", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*wattaḥănîp̄î*": "and you polluted/defiled/profaned", "*zᵉnûtayiḵ*": "your harlotries/prostitutions/adulteries", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "your wickedness/evil/wrongdoing" } }
• Jer 17:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.17.3", "source": "הֲרָרִי֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה חֵילְךָ֥ כָל־אוֹצְרוֹתֶ֖יךָ לָבַ֣ז אֶתֵּ֑ן בָּמֹתֶ֕יךָ בְּחַטָּ֖את בְּכָל־גְּבוּלֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*hărārî* in-the-*śādeh* *ḥêlĕkā* all-*ʾôṣĕrôtêkā* to-*lābaz* I-will-*ʾettēn* *bāmōtêkā* in-*ḥaṭṭāʾt* in-all-*gĕbûlêkā*", "grammar": { "*hărārî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person suffix - my mountain", "*śādeh*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the field", "*ḥêlĕkā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wealth/strength", "*ʾôṣĕrôtêkā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your treasures", "*lābaz*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for plunder/spoil", "*ʾettēn*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will give", "*bāmōtêkā*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your high places", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "feminine singular - sin", "*gĕbûlêkā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your borders/territories" }, "variants": { "*hărārî*": "my mountain/O my mountain", "*ḥêlĕkā*": "your wealth/strength/army/resources", "*lābaz*": "for plunder/spoil/booty/prey" } }
• Lev 26:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.30", "source": "וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֞י אֶת־בָּמֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִכְרַתִּי֙ אֶת־חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־פִּגְרֵיכֶ֔ם עַל־פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם וְגָעֲלָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-hišmaḏtî* *ʾet*-*bāmōṯêḵem* and *wə-hiḵrattî* *ʾet*-*ḥammānêḵem* and *wə-nāṯattî* *ʾet*-*piḡrêḵem* upon *ʿal*-*piḡrê* *gillûlêḵem* and *wə-ḡāʿălâ* *nap̄šî* you *ʾeṯḵem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hišmaḏtî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will destroy", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bāmōṯêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your high places", "*wə-hiḵrattî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will cut off", "*ḥammānêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sun-pillars", "*wə-nāṯattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will put", "*piḡrêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your corpses", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*piḡrê*": "masculine plural construct - corpses of", "*gillûlêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your idols", "*wə-ḡāʿălâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and will abhor", "*nap̄šî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*hišmaḏtî*": "destroy/annihilate/exterminate", "*bāmōṯêḵem*": "high places/cult platforms", "*hiḵrattî*": "cut off/cut down/destroy", "*ḥammānêḵem*": "sun-pillars/incense altars", "*nāṯattî*": "give/put/place", "*piḡrêḵem*": "corpses/dead bodies", "*gillûlêḵem*": "idols/images/dung-idols", "*ḡāʿălâ*": "abhor/loathe/reject", "*nap̄šî*": "my soul/life/self" } }
• 2 Kgs 21:3-7 : 3 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.3", "source": "וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִבַּ֖ד חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּחֹ֜ת לַבַּ֗עַל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֲשֵׁרָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה אַחְאָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yāshāb* *wa-yiben* *'et*-the-*bāmôt* *'ăsher* *'ibbad* *Ḥizqîyāhû* *'ābîw* *wa-yāqem* *mizbĕḥōt* to-*ba'al* *wa-ya'as* *'ăshērāh* *ka'ăsher* *'āsāh* *'Aḥ'āb* *melek* *Yisrā'ēl* *wa-yishtaḥû* to-all-*ṣĕbā'* the-*shāmayim* *wa-ya'ăbōd* *'ōtām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he returned/again", "*wa-yiben*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the high places", "*'ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*'ibbad*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed", "*Ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*'ābîw*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wa-yāqem*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he erected", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*ba'al*": "proper noun with preposition - to/for Baal", "*wa-ya'as*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*'ăshērāh*": "proper noun/cultic object - Asherah pole", "*ka'ăsher*": "preposition + relative particle - as/like", "*'āsāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made/did", "*'Aḥ'āb*": "proper noun - Ahab", "*melek*": "construct state - king of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-yishtaḥû*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down", "*ṣĕbā'*": "construct state - host of", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heaven/sky", "*wa-ya'ăbōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*'ōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "he returned/he turned back/he did again", "*bāmôt*": "high places/altars on hills/sacred platforms", "*'ibbad*": "destroyed/obliterated/removed", "*'ăshērāh*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/goddess image", "*ṣĕbā'*": "host/army/multitude" } } 4 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.4", "source": "וּבָנָ֥ה מִזְבְּחֹ֖ת בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם אָשִׂ֥ים אֶת־שְׁמִֽי׃", "text": "*û-bānāh* *mizbĕḥōt* in-*bêyt* *YHWH* *'ăsher* *'āmar* *YHWH* in-*Yerûshālāim* *'āsîm* *'et*-*shĕmî*", "grammar": { "*û-bānāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*bêyt*": "construct state - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*'ăsher*": "relative particle - of which", "*'āmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*Yerûshālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*'āsîm*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will put/place", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*shĕmî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my name" }, "variants": { "*bêyt*": "house/temple/dwelling", "*'āsîm*": "I will put/I will place/I will establish" } } 5 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.5", "source": "וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בִּשְׁתֵּ֖י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yiben* *mizbĕḥōt* to-all-*ṣĕbā'* the-*shāmayim* in-*shtêy* *ḥaṣrôt* *bêyt*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiben*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*ṣĕbā'*": "construct state - host of", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heaven", "*shtêy*": "construct state - two of", "*ḥaṣrôt*": "feminine plural construct - courts of", "*bêyt*": "construct state - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD" }, "variants": { "*ṣĕbā'*": "host/army/multitude", "*ḥaṣrôt*": "courts/courtyards/enclosures" } } 6 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.6", "source": "וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אֶת־בְּנוֹ֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וְעוֹנֵ֣ן וְנִחֵ֔שׁ וְעָ֥שָׂה א֖וֹב וְיִדְּעֹנִ֑ים הִרְבָּ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִֽיס׃", "text": "*we-he'ĕbîr* *'et*-*bĕnô* in-the-*'ēsh* *we-'ônēn* *we-niḥēsh* *we-'āsāh* *'ôb* *we-yiddĕ'ōnîm* *hirbāh* to-*'ăsôt* the-*ra'* in-*'êynêy* *YHWH* to-*hak'îs*", "grammar": { "*we-he'ĕbîr*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to pass through", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*bĕnô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*'ēsh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the fire", "*we-'ônēn*": "conjunction + Poel perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he practiced soothsaying", "*we-niḥēsh*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he practiced divination", "*we-'āsāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made/used", "*'ôb*": "masculine singular noun - medium/ghost/necromancer", "*we-yiddĕ'ōnîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and familiar spirits/wizards", "*hirbāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he multiplied/did much", "*'ăsôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*ra'*": "noun with definite article - the evil", "*'êynêy*": "construct state - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*hak'îs*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to provoke" }, "variants": { "*he'ĕbîr*": "caused to pass through/offered/sacrificed", "*'ônēn*": "practiced soothsaying/used cloud divination/practiced fortune-telling", "*niḥēsh*": "practiced divination/used enchantments/observed omens", "*'ôb*": "medium/ghost/spirit of the dead", "*yiddĕ'ōnîm*": "familiar spirits/wizards/those with special knowledge", "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/did much/increased", "*hak'îs*": "to provoke/to anger/to offend" } } 7 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.7", "source": "וַיָּ֕שֶׂם אֶת־פֶּ֥סֶל הָאֲשֵׁרָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה בַּבַּ֗יִת אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־דָּוִד֙ וְאֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֔וֹ בַּבַּ֨יִת הַזֶּ֜ה וּבִירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אָשִׂ֥ים אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yāsem* *'et*-*pesel* the-*'ăshērāh* *'ăsher* *'āsāh* in-the-*bayit* *'ăsher* *'āmar* *YHWH* to-*Dāwid* and-to-*Shĕlōmōh* *bĕnô* in-the-*bayit* the-*zeh* and-in-*Yerûshālāim* *'ăsher* *bāḥartî* from-all-*shibtêy* *Yisrā'ēl* *'āsîm* *'et*-*shĕmî* to-*'ôlām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāsem*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he placed", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*pesel*": "masculine singular construct - carved image of", "*'ăshērāh*": "proper noun with definite article - the Asherah", "*'ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*'āsāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the house/temple", "*'āmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*Shĕlōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*bĕnô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*Yerûshālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*bāḥartî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I have chosen", "*shibtêy*": "masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*'āsîm*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will put", "*shĕmî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*'ôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever" }, "variants": { "*pesel*": "carved image/idol/graven image", "*'ăshērāh*": "Asherah/sacred pole/goddess image", "*bayit*": "house/temple/dwelling", "*bāḥartî*": "I have chosen/I have selected/I have elected", "*'āsîm*": "I will put/I will place/I will establish", "*'ôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration" } }
• 2 Kgs 23:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.5", "source": "וְהִשְׁבִּ֣ית אֶת־הַכְּמָרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָֽתְנוּ֙ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וַיְקַטֵּ֤ר בַּבָּמוֹת֙ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּמְסִבֵּ֖י יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְאֶת־הַֽמְקַטְּרִ֣ים לַבַּ֗עַל לַשֶּׁ֤מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֙חַ֙ וְלַמַּזָּל֔וֹת וּלְכֹ֖ל צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wə-hišbît* *ʾet-ha-kəmārîm* *ʾăšer* *nātənû* *malḵê* *yəhûdâ* *wə-yəqaṭṭēr* in *ba-bāmôt* in *bə-ʿārê* *yəhûdâ* *û-məsibbê* *yərûšālāim* *wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm* to *la-baʿal* to *la-šemeš* and to *wə-la-yārēaḥ* and to *wə-la-mazzālôt* and to all *ṣəbāʾ* *ha-šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hišbît*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to cease", "*ʾet-ha-kəmārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine plural - the idolatrous priests", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*nātənû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they appointed", "*malḵê*": "noun masculine plural construct - kings of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-yəqaṭṭēr*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he burned incense", "*ba-bāmôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - in the high places", "*bə-ʿārê*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - in cities of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*û-məsibbê*": "conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and surroundings of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + piel participle masculine plural - and the ones burning incense", "*la-baʿal*": "preposition + proper noun - to Baal", "*la-šemeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun common singular - to the sun", "*wə-la-yārēaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun common singular - and to the moon", "*wə-la-mazzālôt*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - and to the constellations", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - and to all host of", "*ha-šāmāyim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the heavens" }, "variants": { "*wə-hišbît*": "and he removed/deposed/caused to cease", "*ʾet-ha-kəmārîm*": "the idolatrous priests/pagan priests", "*ʾăšer*": "whom/which", "*nātənû*": "they appointed/installed/established", "*malḵê*": "kings of/rulers of", "*yəhûdâ*": "Judah [place name]", "*wə-yəqaṭṭēr*": "and he burned incense/offered sacrifices", "*ba-bāmôt*": "in the high places/shrines", "*bə-ʿārê*": "in cities of/towns of", "*û-məsibbê*": "and surrounding areas of/environs of", "*yərûšālāim*": "Jerusalem [place name]", "*wə-ʾet-ha-məqaṭṭərîm*": "and the ones burning incense/making offerings", "*la-baʿal*": "to Baal [deity name]", "*la-šemeš*": "to the sun", "*wə-la-yārēaḥ*": "and to the moon", "*wə-la-mazzālôt*": "and to the constellations/zodiacal signs/planets", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*ha-šāmāyim*": "the heavens/sky" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.6", "source": "וַיֹּצֵ֣א אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָה֩ מִבֵּ֨ית יְהוָ֜ה מִח֤וּץ לִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ אֶל־נַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֹתָ֛הּ בְּנַ֥חַל קִדְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֣דֶק לְעָפָ֑ר וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֔הּ עַל־קֶ֖בֶר בְּנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yōṣēʾ* *ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ* from *mi-bêt* *YHWH* outside *li-yrûšālaim* to *naḥal* *qidrôn* *wə-yiśrōp* *ʾōtāh* in *bə-naḥal* *qidrôn* *wə-yādeq* to *lə-ʿāpār* *wə-yašlēḵ* *ʾet-ʿăpārāh* upon *qeber* *bənê* *hā-ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōṣēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out", "*ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ*": "direct object marker + definite article + proper noun - the Asherah", "*mi-bêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*li-yrûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem", "*naḥal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - to brook/valley of", "*qidrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron", "*wə-yiśrōp*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it [feminine]", "*bə-naḥal*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in brook/valley of", "*qidrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron", "*wə-yādeq*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he crushed", "*lə-ʿāpār*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - to dust", "*wə-yašlēḵ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he cast", "*ʾet-ʿăpārāh*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its dust", "*qeber*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - upon graves of", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōṣēʾ*": "and he brought out/removed", "*ʾet-hā-ʾăšērâ*": "the Asherah [idol/sacred pole]", "*mi-bêt*": "from house of/temple of", "*li-yrûšālaim*": "to Jerusalem [place name]", "*naḥal*": "brook/wadi/valley/stream", "*qidrôn*": "Kidron [place name]", "*wə-yiśrōp*": "and he burned/consumed", "*ʾōtāh*": "it/her [feminine]", "*wə-yādeq*": "and he crushed/pulverized/ground", "*lə-ʿāpār*": "to dust/powder/ashes", "*wə-yašlēḵ*": "and he cast/threw/scattered", "*ʾet-ʿăpārāh*": "its dust/ashes/remains", "*qeber*": "graves/tombs of", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*hā-ʿām*": "the people/common people/masses" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.7", "source": "וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־בָּתֵּ֣י הַקְּדֵשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הַנָּשִׁ֗ים אֹרְג֥וֹת שָׁ֛ם בָּתִּ֖ים לָאֲשֵׁרָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yittōṣ* *ʾet-bāttê* *ha-qədēšîm* *ʾăšer* in *bêt* *YHWH* *ʾăšer* the *nāšîm* *ʾōrəgôt* there *bāttîm* for *lā-ʾăšērâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yittōṣ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he broke down", "*ʾet-bāttê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - the houses of", "*ha-qədēšîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the male cult prostitutes", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*bêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - where", "*nāšîm*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the women", "*ʾōrəgôt*": "qal participle feminine plural - weaving", "*bāttîm*": "adverb + noun masculine plural - there houses/coverings", "*lā-ʾăšērâ*": "preposition + proper noun - for Asherah" }, "variants": { "*wə-yittōṣ*": "and he broke down/demolished/destroyed", "*ʾet-bāttê*": "the houses/quarters of", "*ha-qədēšîm*": "the male cult prostitutes/temple prostitutes/sacred ones", "*ʾăšer*": "which/who/that", "*bêt*": "house/temple of", "*ʾăšer*": "where/in which", "*nāšîm*": "women/females", "*ʾōrəgôt*": "weaving/making", "*bāttîm*": "houses/coverings/hangings/shrines", "*lā-ʾăšērâ*": "for Asherah [deity name]" } }
• 2 Kgs 23:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.11", "source": "וַיַּשְׁבֵּ֣ת אֶת־הַסּוּסִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתְנוּ֩ מַלְכֵ֨י יְהוּדָ֤ה לַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ מִבֹּ֣א בֵית־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־לִשְׁכַּת֙ נְתַן־מֶ֣לֶךְ הַסָּרִ֔יס אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּפַּרְוָרִ֑ים וְאֶת־מַרְכְּב֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And *wayyašbēṯ* (*šābaṯ*) *ʾeṯ*-the *sûsîm* which *nāṯnû* kings of *yəhûḏāh* to-the-*šemeš* from-*bōʾ* house-of-*YHWH* to-*liškaṯ* *nəṯan*-*meleḵ* the *sārîs* who [was] in-the-*parwārîm*; and-*ʾeṯ*-*markəḇôṯ* the-*šemeš* *śārap̄* in-the-*ʾēš*.", "grammar": { "*wayyašbēṯ*": "Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to cease/removed", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*nāṯnû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gave/dedicated", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šemeš*": "common noun - sun/sun god", "*bōʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - entering/entrance", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*liškaṯ*": "construct noun - chamber of", "*nəṯan*-*meleḵ*": "proper name - Nathan-melech", "*sārîs*": "masculine singular noun - official/eunuch", "*parwārîm*": "masculine plural noun - colonnade/precincts", "*markəḇôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - chariots of", "*śārap̄*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire" }, "variants": { "*šābaṯ*": "to cease/remove/end/eliminate", "*sûsîm*": "horses/cavalry", "*nāṯnû*": "gave/dedicated/appointed", "*šemeš*": "sun/sun deity/sun worship", "*bōʾ*": "entrance/entry/approach", "*liškaṯ*": "chamber/room/hall", "*sārîs*": "eunuch/court official/chamberlain", "*parwārîm*": "precincts/colonnade/suburb/quarters", "*markəḇôṯ*": "chariots/vehicles/conveyances" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.12", "source": "וְאֶֽת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַגָּג֩ עֲלִיַּ֨ת אָחָ֜ז אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֗‪ה בִּשְׁתֵּ֛י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה נָתַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיָּ֣רָץ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְהִשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*ʾeṯ*-the-*mizbeḥôṯ* which [were] on-the-*gāg* *ʿăliyyaṯ* *ʾāḥāz* which-*ʿāśû* kings of-*yəhûḏāh* and-*ʾeṯ*-the-*mizbeḥôṯ* which-*ʿāśāh* *mənaššeh* in-two *ḥaṣrôṯ* house-of-*YHWH* *nāṯaṣ* the-king and-*wayyāroṣ* from-there and-*hišlîḵ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʿăp̄ārām* to-*naḥal* *qiḏrôn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mizbeḥôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*gāg*": "masculine singular noun - roof", "*ʿăliyyaṯ*": "construct noun - upper chamber of", "*ʾāḥāz*": "proper noun - Ahaz", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made", "*mənaššeh*": "proper noun - Manasseh", "*ḥaṣrôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - courts/courtyards", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*nāṯaṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he tore down/demolished", "*wayyāroṣ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he ran", "*hišlîḵ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he threw/cast", "*ʿăp̄ārām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their dust/rubble", "*naḥal*": "masculine singular noun - valley/wadi/brook", "*qiḏrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron" }, "variants": { "*mizbeḥôṯ*": "altars/places of sacrifice", "*gāg*": "roof/top/upper structure", "*ʿăliyyaṯ*": "upper chamber/upper story/roof chamber", "*ʿāśû*": "made/constructed/established", "*ḥaṣrôṯ*": "courts/courtyards/enclosures", "*nāṯaṣ*": "demolished/tore down/broke down/destroyed", "*wayyāroṣ*": "ran/hurried/rushed", "*hišlîḵ*": "threw/cast/flung", "*ʿăp̄ārām*": "their dust/rubble/debris/remains", "*naḥal*": "wadi/brook/valley/ravine" } }
• 2 Chr 33:3-7 : 3 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.3", "source": "וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִתַּ֖ץ יְחִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּח֤וֹת לַבְּעָלִים֙ וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֲשֵׁר֔וֹת וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*Wayyāshāv* *wayyiven* *ʾet*-*habbāmôt* *ăsher* *nittaṣ* *Yeḥizqiyyāhû* *ʾāvîw* *wayyāqem* *mizbeḥôt* *labbeʿālîm* *wayyaʿas* *ăshêrôt* *wayyishtaḥû* *lekol*-*ṣevāʾ* *hashshāmayim* *wayyaʿăvod* *ʾōtām*", "grammar": { "*Wayyāshāv*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he returned/again", "*wayyiven*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he built", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*habbāmôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the high places", "*ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*nittaṣ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - tore down/destroyed", "*Yeḥizqiyyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*ʾāvîw*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wayyāqem*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he erected", "*mizbeḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*labbeʿālîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - for the Baals", "*wayyaʿas*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he made", "*ăshêrôt*": "feminine plural noun - Asherah poles/images", "*wayyishtaḥû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he bowed down", "*lekol*": "preposition + noun construct - to all of", "*ṣevāʾ*": "masculine singular construct - host/army of", "*hashshāmayim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens", "*wayyaʿăvod*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he served", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*Wayyāshāv*": "he returned/he again/he restored", "*habbāmôt*": "high places/cultic platforms", "*ăshêrôt*": "sacred poles/Asherah images/fertility goddess symbols", "*ṣevāʾ* *hashshāmayim*": "host of heaven/celestial bodies/heavenly army" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.4", "source": "וּבָנָ֥ה מִזְבְּח֖וֹת בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּירוּשָׁלַ֥͏ִם יִֽהְיֶה־שְּׁמִ֖י לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*Ûvānāh* *mizbeḥôt* *bevêt* *YHWH* *ăsher* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *bîrûshālaim* *yihyeh*-*shemî* *leʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*Ûvānāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he built", "*mizbeḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*bevêt*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*ăsher*": "relative particle - of which", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*bîrûshālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jerusalem", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*shemî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*leʿôlām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever" }, "variants": { "*bevêt* *YHWH*": "in the house of Yahweh/in the temple", "*yihyeh*-*shemî* *leʿôlām*": "my name will be forever/my name will remain eternally" } } 5 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.5", "source": "וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בִּשְׁתֵּ֖י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Wayyiven* *mizbeḥôt* *lekol*-*ṣevāʾ* *hashshāmāyim* *bishtê* *ḥaṣrôt* *bêt*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Wayyiven*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he built", "*mizbeḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*lekol*": "preposition + noun construct - for all of", "*ṣevāʾ*": "masculine singular construct - host/army of", "*hashshāmāyim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens", "*bishtê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in two of", "*ḥaṣrôt*": "feminine plural construct - courts of", "*bêt*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*ṣevāʾ* *hashshāmāyim*": "host of heaven/celestial bodies/heavenly army", "*ḥaṣrôt* *bêt*-*YHWH*": "courts of the house of Yahweh/temple courtyards" } } 6 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.6", "source": "וְהוּא֩ הֶעֱבִ֨יר אֶת־בָּנָ֤יו בָּאֵשׁ֙ בְּגֵ֣י בֶן־הִנֹּ֔ם וְעוֹנֵ֤ן וְנִחֵשׁ֙ וְֽכִשֵּׁ֔ף וְעָ֥שָׂה א֖וֹב וְיִדְּעוֹנִ֑י הִרְבָּ֗ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Wehûʾ* *heʿĕvîr* *ʾet*-*bānāyw* *bāʾêsh* *begê* *ven*-*hinnom* *weʿônên* *weniḥêsh* *wekhishshêf* *weʿāsāh* *ʾôv* *weyiddeʿônî* *hirbāh* *laʿăsôt* *hāraʿ* *beʿênê* *YHWH* *lehakhʿîsô*", "grammar": { "*Wehûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*heʿĕvîr*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - caused to pass", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*bāʾêsh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the fire", "*begê*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in valley of", "*ven*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*hinnom*": "proper noun - Hinnom", "*weʿônên*": "conjunction + Poel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - practiced soothsaying", "*weniḥêsh*": "conjunction + Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - practiced divination", "*wekhishshêf*": "conjunction + Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - practiced sorcery", "*weʿāsāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he made/practiced", "*ʾôv*": "masculine singular noun - medium/necromancer", "*weyiddeʿônî*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - spiritist/wizard", "*hirbāh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - multiplied/increased", "*laʿăsôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*hāraʿ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the evil", "*beʿênê*": "preposition + construct plural of עַיִן - in eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*lehakhʿîsô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke him to anger" }, "variants": { "*heʿĕvîr* *bāʾêsh*": "passed through fire/burned as offering", "*ʿônên*": "practiced soothsaying/used fortune-telling/observed omens", "*niḥêsh*": "practiced divination/used enchantments", "*khishshêf*": "practiced sorcery/witchcraft", "*ʾôv*": "medium/necromancer/ghost conjurer", "*yiddeʿônî*": "spiritist/wizard/familiar spirit" } } 7 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.7", "source": "וַיָּ֕שֶׂם אֶת־פֶּ֥סֶל הַסֶּ֖מֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה בְּבֵ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶל־דָּוִיד֙ וְאֶל־שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנ֔וֹ בַּבַּ֨יִת הַזֶּ֜ה וּבִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בָּחַ֙רְתִּי֙ מִכֹּל֙ שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אָשִׂ֥ים אֶת־שְׁמִ֖י לְעֵילֽוֹם׃", "text": "*Wayyāsem* *ʾet*-*pesel* *hassemel* *ăsher* *ʿāsāh* *bevêt* *hāʾĕlōhîm* *ăsher* *ʾāmar* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾel*-*Dāwid* *weʾel*-*Shelōmōh* *venô* *babayît* *hazzeh* *ûvîrûshālaim* *ăsher* *bāḥartî* *mikkōl* *shivṭê* *Yisrāʾêl* *ʾāsîm* *ʾet*-*shemî* *leʿêlôm*", "grammar": { "*Wayyāsem*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he placed", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pesel*": "masculine singular construct - carved image of", "*hassemel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the idol/image", "*ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*ʿāsāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he made", "*bevêt*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in house of", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the God", "*ăsher*": "relative particle - of which", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*weʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to", "*Shelōmōh*": "proper noun - Solomon", "*venô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his son", "*babayît*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the house", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - this", "*ûvîrûshālaim*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Jerusalem", "*ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*bāḥartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I have chosen", "*mikkōl*": "preposition + noun construct - from all of", "*shivṭê*": "masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*Yisrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾāsîm*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common singular - I will put", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*shemî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*leʿêlôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever" }, "variants": { "*pesel* *hassemel*": "carved image of the idol/image statue/cultic symbol", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "God/the true God", "*leʿêlôm*": "forever/for eternity/perpetually" } }
• Isa 57:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.5", "source": "הַנֵּֽחָמִים֙ בָּֽאֵלִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֑ן שֹׁחֲטֵ֤י הַיְלָדִים֙ בַּנְּחָלִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת סְעִפֵ֥י הַסְּלָעִֽים׃", "text": "*hannēḥāmîm* *bāʾēlîm* *taḥat* *kol-ʿēṣ* *raʿănān* *šōḥăṭê* *hayəlādîm* *bannəḥālîm* *taḥat* *səʿîpê* *hassəlāʿîm*.", "grammar": { "*hannēḥāmîm*": "definite article + niphal participle, masculine plural - the ones who inflame themselves", "*bāʾēlîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - among the terebinths/sacred trees/gods", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*kol-ʿēṣ*": "construct - every tree", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine, singular - luxuriant/green/leafy", "*šōḥăṭê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - slaughterers of", "*hayəlādîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the children", "*bannəḥālîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the valleys/wadis/streams", "*səʿîpê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - clefts of", "*hassəlāʿîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the rocks" }, "variants": { "*hannēḥāmîm*": "those who burn with lust/inflame themselves/are passionate", "*bāʾēlîm*": "with the terebinths/sacred trees/gods/idols", "*raʿănān*": "green/leafy/luxuriant/flourishing", "*šōḥăṭê*": "those who slaughter/sacrifice/kill", "*nəḥālîm*": "wadis/valleys/streams/torrents", "*səʿîpê*": "clefts/crevices/fissures" } }