Ezekiel 18:13

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.13", "source": "בַּנֶּ֧שֶׁךְ נָתַ֛ן וְתַרְבִּ֥ית לָקַ֖ח וָחָ֑י לֹ֣א יִֽחְיֶ֗ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵב֤וֹת הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ עָשָׂ֔ה מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת דָּמָ֖יו בּ֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה׃", "text": "*ba-* *nešek* *nātan* *wə-* *tarbît* *lāqaḥ* *wā-* *ḥāy* *lōʾ* *yiḥyeh* *ʾēt* *kol*-*ha-tôʿēbôt* *hā-ʾēlleh* *ʿāśāh* *môt* *yûmāt* *dāmāyw* *bô* *yihyeh*", "grammar": { "*ba-*": "preposition with definite article - with the", "*nešek*": "masculine singular noun - interest, usury", "*nātan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has given", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*tarbît*": "feminine singular noun - increase, profit", "*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has taken", "*wā-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥāy*": "adjective masculine singular - alive, living", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiḥyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*ha-tôʿēbôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the abominations", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article with demonstrative plural pronoun - these", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*môt*": "Qal infinitive absolute - die", "*yûmāt*": "Hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be put to death", "*dāmāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his blood", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be" }, "variants": { "*nešek*": "interest/usury/unjust gain", "*tarbît*": "increase/profit/interest", "*môt* *yûmāt*": "surely die/be put to death (emphatic construction)", "*dāmāyw* *bô* *yihyeh*": "his blood will be upon him/he will be responsible for his own death" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

בַּנֶּ֧שֶׁךְ נָתַ֛ן וְתַרְבִּ֥ית לָקַ֖ח וָחָ֑י לֹ֣א יִֽחְיֶ֗ה אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵב֤וֹת הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ עָשָׂ֔ה מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת דָּמָ֖יו בּ֥וֹ יִהְיֶֽה׃

Transliteration

ba- nešek nātan wə- tarbît lāqaḥ wā- ḥāy lōʾ yiḥyeh ʾēt kol-ha-tôʿēbôt hā-ʾēlleh ʿāśāh môt yûmāt dāmāyw bô yihyeh

Grammar Details

• *ba-*: preposition with definite article - with the
• *nešek*: masculine singular noun - interest, usury
• *nātan*: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has given
• *wə-*: conjunction - and
• *tarbît*: feminine singular noun - increase, profit
• *lāqaḥ*: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has taken
• *wā-*: conjunction - and
• *ḥāy*: adjective masculine singular - alive, living
• *lōʾ*: negative particle - not
• *yiḥyeh*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live
• *ʾēt*: direct object marker
• *kol*: construct state, masculine singular - all of
• *ha-tôʿēbôt*: definite article with feminine plural noun - the abominations
• *hā-ʾēlleh*: definite article with demonstrative plural pronoun - these
• *ʿāśāh*: Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done
• *môt*: Qal infinitive absolute - die
• *yûmāt*: Hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be put to death
• *dāmāyw*: masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his blood
• *bô*: preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him
• *yihyeh*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be

Word Meanings

• *nešek*: interest/usury/unjust gain
• *tarbît*: increase/profit/interest
• *môt* *yûmāt*: surely die/be put to death (emphatic construction)
• *dāmāyw* *bô* *yihyeh*: his blood will be upon him/he will be responsible for his own death

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He lends at interest and takes a profit. Will such a person live? He will not! Because he has committed all these abominations, he will surely be put to death, and his blood will be on his own head.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Has given out loans with interest, and has taken increase; shall he then live? He shall not live: he has done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  hath given forth{H5414} upon interest,{H5392} and hath taken{H3947} increase;{H8636} shall he then live?{H2425} he shall not live:{H2421} he hath done{H6213} all these abominations;{H8441} he shall surely{H4191} die;{H4191} his blood{H1818} shall be upon him.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Hath given forth{H5414}{(H8804)} upon usury{H5392}, and hath taken{H3947}{(H8804)} increase{H8636}: shall he then live{H2425}{(H8804)}? he shall not live{H2421}{(H8799)}: he hath done{H6213}{(H8804)} all these abominations{H8441}; he shall surely{H4191}{(H8800)} die{H4191}{(H8714)}; his blood{H1818} shall be upon him.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  he lendeth vpon vsury, and taketh more ouer. Shal this man lyue? He shal not lyne. Seinge he hath done all these abhominacions, he shall dye: his bloude shalbe vpon him.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Or hath giuen forth vpon vsurie, or hath taken increase, shal he liue? he shal not liue: seeing he hath done all these abominations, he shal die the death, and his blood shall be vpon him.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Or hath geuen foorth vpon vsurie, or hath taken encrease: Shall this man liue? he shall not liue: Seeing he hath done al these abhominations he shal die the death, his blood shalbe vpon hym.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  has given forth on interest, and has taken increase; shall he then live? he shall not live: he has done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be on him.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  In usury he hath given, and increase taken, And he liveth: he doth not live, All these abominations he hath done, He doth surely die, his blood is on him.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  hath given forth upon interest, and hath taken increase; shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  hath given forth upon interest, and hath taken increase; shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And has given out his money at interest and taken great profits: he will certainly not go on living: he has done all these disgusting things: death will certainly be his fate; his blood will be on him.

• World English Bible (2000)

  has given forth on interest, and has taken increase; shall he then live? he shall not live: he has done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be on him.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  engages in usury and charges interest. Will he live? He will not! Because he has done all these abominable deeds he will certainly die. He will bear the responsibility for his own death.

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 3:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.3.18", "source": "בְּאָמְרִ֤י לָֽרָשָׁע֙ מ֣וֹת תָּמ֔וּת וְלֹ֣א הִזְהַרְתּ֗וֹ וְלֹ֥א דִבַּ֛רְתָּ לְהַזְהִ֥יר רָשָׁ֛ע מִדַּרְכּ֥וֹ הָרְשָׁעָ֖ה לְחַיֹּת֑וֹ ה֤וּא רָשָׁע֙ בַּעֲוֺנ֣וֹ יָמ֔וּת וְדָמ֖וֹ מִיָּדְךָ֥ אֲבַקֵּֽשׁ׃", "text": "When *beʾomrî* to the *lārāšāʿ* \"dying *môṯ* you shall die *tāmûṯ*\" and not *welōʾ* *hizhartô* and not *welōʾ* *dibbartā* to warn *lehazehîr* *rāšāʿ* from his *middarkô* *hārešāʿāh* to save him *leḥayyōṯô*; he *hûʾ* *rāšāʿ* in his *baʿăwōnô* shall die *yāmûṯ*, and his *wedāmô* from your hand *miyyādeḵā* I will require *ʾăḇaqqēš*.", "grammar": { "*beʾomrî*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - when I say", "*lārāšāʿ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the wicked", "*môṯ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - dying", "*tāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall die", "*welōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*hizhartô*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you warned him", "*dibbartā*": "Piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you spoke", "*lehazehîr*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to warn", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular noun - wicked one", "*middarkô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from his way", "*hārešāʿāh*": "definite article + adjective, feminine singular - the wicked", "*leḥayyōṯô*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to save him", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*baʿăwōnô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his iniquity", "*yāmûṯ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall die", "*wedāmô*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his blood", "*miyyādeḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from your hand", "*ʾăḇaqqēš*": "Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will require/seek" }, "variants": { "*beʾomrî*": "when I say/speak/declare", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked one/evildoer/criminal", "*môṯ tāmûṯ*": "dying you shall die/you shall surely die", "*hizhartô*": "you warned him/cautioned him/admonished him", "*dibbartā*": "you spoke/talked/declared", "*lehazehîr*": "to warn/caution/admonish", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/journey", "*hārešāʿāh*": "the wicked/evil/criminal", "*leḥayyōṯô*": "to save him/preserve him/keep him alive", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*ʾăḇaqqēš*": "I will require/seek/demand" } }
• Ezek 18:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.8", "source": "בַּנֶּ֣שֶׁךְ לֹֽא־יִתֵּ֗ן וְתַרְבִּית֙ לֹ֣א יִקָּ֔ח מֵעָ֖וֶל יָשִׁ֣יב יָד֑וֹ מִשְׁפַּ֤ט אֱמֶת֙ יַֽעֲשֶׂ֔ה בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ לְאִֽישׁ׃", "text": "*ba-* *nešek* *lōʾ*-*yittēn* *wə-* *tarbît* *lōʾ* *yiqqāḥ* *mē-* *ʿāwel* *yāšîb* *yādô* *mišpaṭ* *ʾĕmet* *yaʿăśeh* *bên* *ʾîš* *lə-* *ʾîš*", "grammar": { "*ba-*": "preposition with definite article - with the", "*nešek*": "masculine singular noun - interest, usury", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will give", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*tarbît*": "feminine singular noun - increase, profit", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiqqāḥ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will take", "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*ʿāwel*": "masculine singular noun - injustice, wrong", "*yāšîb*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will turn back", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*mišpaṭ*": "masculine singular construct - judgment of", "*ʾĕmet*": "feminine singular noun - truth", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will do", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man", "*lə-*": "preposition - to", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man" }, "variants": { "*nešek*": "interest/usury/unjust gain", "*tarbît*": "increase/profit/interest", "*yāšîb* *yādô*": "turns back his hand/withholds his hand/refrains", "*mišpaṭ* *ʾĕmet*": "true justice/honest judgment/fair verdict", "*bên* *ʾîš* *lə-* *ʾîš*": "between man and man/between persons/in disputes" } }
• Exod 22:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Exodus.22.25", "source": "אִם־חָבֹ֥ל תַּחְבֹּ֖ל שַׂלְמַ֣ת רֵעֶ֑ךָ עַד־בֹּ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ תְּשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ לֽוֹ׃", "text": "If *ḥābōl taḥbōl śalmat rēʿekā*, until *bōʾ* the *šemeš tĕšîbennû* to him.", "grammar": { "*ḥābōl taḥbōl*": "qal infinitive absolute + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you surely take as pledge'", "*śalmat*": "feminine singular construct, 'garment of'", "*rēʿekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix, 'your neighbor'", "*bōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct, 'coming of'", "*šemeš*": "definite feminine singular noun, 'sun'", "*tĕšîbennû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'you shall return it'" }, "variants": { "*ḥābōl taḥbōl*": "surely take as pledge/certainly take in pledge", "*śalmat*": "garment/cloak/outer garment" } }
• Lev 20:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.9", "source": "כִּֽי־אִ֣ישׁ אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְקַלֵּ֧ל אֶת־אָבִ֛יו וְאֶת־אִמּ֖וֹ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑ת אָבִ֧יו וְאִמּ֛וֹ קִלֵּ֖ל דָּמָ֥יו בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*kî*-*ʾîš* *ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yᵊqallēl* *ʾet*-*ʾābîw* and-*ʾet*-*ʾimmô* *môt* *yûmāt* *ʾābîw* and-*ʾimmô* *qillēl* *dāmāyw* in-him", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾîš* *ʾîš*": "noun repeated for emphasis - any man/each man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yᵊqallēl*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel - curses", "*ʾet*-*ʾābîw*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wᵊ-ʾet*-*ʾimmô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*môt* *yûmāt*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hophal - surely be put to death", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wᵊ-ʾimmô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his mother", "*qillēl*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel - he has cursed", "*dāmāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his blood", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him/upon him" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš* *ʾîš*": "any man/every person/anyone", "*yᵊqallēl*": "curses/dishonors/treats with contempt", "*môt* *yûmāt*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*qillēl*": "cursed/dishonored/treated with contempt", "*dāmāyw* *bô*": "his blood is upon him/he is responsible for his own death/his bloodguilt is on himself" } }
• Lev 20:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.11", "source": "וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־אֵ֣שֶׁת אָבִ֔יו עֶרְוַ֥ת אָבִ֖יו גִּלָּ֑ה מֽוֹת־יוּמְת֥וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֖ם דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yiškab* *ʾet*-*ʾēšet* *ʾābîw* *ʿerwat* *ʾābîw* *gillāh* *môt*-*yûmᵊtû* *šᵊnêhem* *dᵊmêhem* in-them", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yiškab*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - lies with", "*ʾet*-*ʾēšet*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - wife of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*gillāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel - he has uncovered", "*môt*-*yûmᵊtû*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Hophal - surely be put to death", "*šᵊnêhem*": "numeral, masculine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them", "*dᵊmêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their blood", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them/upon them" }, "variants": { "*yiškab*": "lies with/has sexual relations with", "*ʾēšet* *ʾābîw*": "his father's wife/his stepmother", "*ʿerwat* *ʾābîw* *gillāh*": "he has uncovered his father's nakedness/he has dishonored his father", "*môt*-*yûmᵊtû*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*dᵊmêhem* *bām*": "their blood is upon them/they are responsible for their own death/their bloodguilt is on themselves" } } 12 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.12", "source": "וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר יִשְׁכַּב֙ אֶת־כַּלָּת֔וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמְת֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם תֶּ֥בֶל עָשׂ֖וּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yiškab* *ʾet*-*kallātô* *môt* *yûmᵊtû* *šᵊnêhem* *tebel* *ʿāśû* *dᵊmêhem* in-them", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yiškab*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - lies with", "*ʾet*-*kallātô*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter-in-law", "*môt* *yûmᵊtû*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Hophal - surely be put to death", "*šᵊnêhem*": "numeral, masculine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them", "*tebel*": "noun, masculine singular - perversion/confusion", "*ʿāśû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they have done/committed", "*dᵊmêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their blood", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them/upon them" }, "variants": { "*yiškab*": "lies with/has sexual relations with", "*kallātô*": "his daughter-in-law/his son's wife", "*môt* *yûmᵊtû*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*tebel*": "perversion/confusion/mixture/disorder", "*dᵊmêhem* *bām*": "their blood is upon them/they are responsible for their own death/their bloodguilt is on themselves" } } 13 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.13", "source": "וְאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁכַּ֤ב אֶת־זָכָר֙ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אִשָּׁ֔ה תּוֹעֵבָ֥ה עָשׂ֖וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם מ֥וֹת יוּמָ֖תוּ דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yiškab* *ʾet*-*zākār* *miškᵊbê* *ʾiššāh* *tôʿēbāh* *ʿāśû* *šᵊnêhem* *môt* *yûmātû* *dᵊmêhem* in-them", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*yiškab*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - lies with", "*ʾet*-*zākār*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular - a male", "*miškᵊbê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lyings of", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*tôʿēbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - abomination", "*ʿāśû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they have done/committed", "*šᵊnêhem*": "numeral, masculine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them", "*môt* *yûmātû*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Hophal - surely be put to death", "*dᵊmêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their blood", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them/upon them" }, "variants": { "*yiškab*": "lies with/has sexual relations with", "*zākār*": "male/man", "*miškᵊbê* *ʾiššāh*": "as one lies with a woman/as with a woman", "*tôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable act/detestable thing", "*môt* *yûmātû*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*dᵊmêhem* *bām*": "their blood is upon them/they are responsible for their own death/their bloodguilt is on themselves" } }
• Lev 20:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Leviticus.20.27", "source": "וְאִ֣ישׁ אֽוֹ־אִשָּׁ֗ה כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֨ה בָהֶ֥ם א֛וֹב א֥וֹ יִדְּעֹנִ֖י מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֑תוּ בָּאֶ֛בֶן יִרְגְּמ֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם דְּמֵיהֶ֥ם בָּֽם׃", "text": "*wᵊ-ʾîš* or-*ʾiššāh* *kî*-*yihyeh* in-them *ʾôb* or *yiddᵊʿōnî* *môt* *yûmātû* with-*bā-ʾeben* *yirgᵊmû* them *dᵊmêhem* in-them", "grammar": { "*wᵊ-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*ʾô*-*ʾiššāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - or a woman", "*kî*-*yihyeh*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - when there is", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*ʾôb*": "noun, masculine singular - medium spirit", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*yiddᵊʿōnî*": "noun, masculine singular - spiritist", "*môt* *yûmātû*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Hophal - surely be put to death", "*bā-ʾeben*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the stone/stones", "*yirgᵊmû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall stone", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*dᵊmêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their blood", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them/upon them" }, "variants": { "*yihyeh* *bāhem*": "has in them/possesses/controls them", "*ʾôb*": "medium spirit/necromancer/one who communicates with the dead", "*yiddᵊʿōnî*": "spiritist/wizard/fortune-teller", "*môt* *yûmātû*": "must surely be put to death/shall certainly be put to death", "*yirgᵊmû* *ʾōtām* *bā-ʾeben*": "they shall stone them with stones", "*dᵊmêhem* *bām*": "their blood is upon them/they are responsible for their own death/their bloodguilt is on themselves" } }
• Ezek 18:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.17", "source": "מֵעָנִ֞י הֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֗וֹ נֶ֤שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּית֙ לֹ֣א לָקָ֔ח מִשְׁפָּטַ֣י עָשָׂ֔ה בְּחֻקּוֹתַ֖י הָלָ֑ךְ ה֗וּא לֹ֥א יָמ֛וּת בַּעֲוֺ֥ן אָבִ֖יו חָיֹ֥ה יִחְיֶֽה׃", "text": "*mē-* *ʿānî* *hēšîb* *yādô* *nešek* *wə-* *tarbît* *lōʾ* *lāqāḥ* *mišpāṭay* *ʿāśāh* *bə-* *ḥuqqôtay* *hālāk* *hûʾ* *lōʾ* *yāmût* *ba-* *ʿăwōn* *ʾābîw* *ḥāyōh* *yiḥyeh*", "grammar": { "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*ʿānî*": "adjective masculine singular - poor", "*hēšîb*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has turned back", "*yādô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*nešek*": "masculine singular noun - interest, usury", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*tarbît*": "feminine singular noun - increase, profit", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*lāqāḥ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has taken", "*mišpāṭay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*ḥuqqôtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*hālāk*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has walked", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will die", "*ba-*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*ʿăwōn*": "masculine singular construct - iniquity of", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*ḥāyōh*": "Qal infinitive absolute - live", "*yiḥyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live" }, "variants": { "*hēšîb* *yādô*": "turned back his hand/refrained from/withheld his hand", "*nešek*": "interest/usury/unjust gain", "*tarbît*": "increase/profit/interest", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ḥāyōh* *yiḥyeh*": "surely live/certainly live (emphatic construction)" } }
• Ezek 18:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.24", "source": "וּבְשׁ֨וּב צַדִּ֤יק מִצִּדְקָתוֹ֙ וְעָ֣שָׂה עָ֔וֶל כְּכֹ֨ל הַתּוֹעֵב֜וֹת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֧ה הָרָשָׁ֛ע יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה וָחָ֑י כָּל־*צדקתו **צִדְקֹתָ֤יו אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה֙ לֹ֣א תִזָּכַ֔רְנָה בְּמַעֲל֧וֹ אֲשֶׁר־מָעַ֛ל וּבְחַטָּאת֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־חָטָ֖א בָּ֥ם יָמֽוּת׃", "text": "*û-* *bə-* *šûb* *ṣaddîq* *mi-* *ṣidqātô* *wə-* *ʿāśāh* *ʿāwel* *kə-* *kōl* *ha-tôʿēbôt* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh* *hā-rāšāʿ* *yaʿăśeh* *wā-* *ḥāy* *kol*-*ṣidqōtāyw* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh* *lōʾ* *tizzākarənāh* *bə-* *maʿălô* *ʾăšer*-*māʿal* *û-* *bə-* *ḥaṭṭāʾtô* *ʾăšer*-*ḥāṭāʾ* *bām* *yāmût*", "grammar": { "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*šûb*": "Qal infinitive construct - turning back", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective masculine singular - righteous", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*ṣidqātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his righteousness", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*ʿāwel*": "masculine singular noun - injustice", "*kə-*": "preposition - like, as", "*kōl*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*ha-tôʿēbôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the abominations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*hā-rāšāʿ*": "definite article with adjective masculine singular - the wicked", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will do", "*wā-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥāy*": "adjective masculine singular - living", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*ṣidqōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his righteous deeds", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tizzākarənāh*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - they will be remembered", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*maʿălô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his treachery", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*māʿal*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has committed", "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sin", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has sinned", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will die" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/innocent", "*ʿāwel*": "injustice/unrighteousness/wrong", "*tôʿēbôt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*ṣidqōtāyw*": "his righteous deeds/his just actions/his acts of righteousness", "*maʿălô*": "his treachery/his unfaithfulness/his trespass", "*ḥaṭṭāʾtô*": "his sin/his offense/his transgression" } }
• Ezek 18:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.28", "source": "וַיִּרְאֶ֣ה *וישוב **וַיָּ֔שָׁב מִכָּל־פְּשָׁעָ֖יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה חָי֥וֹ יִחְיֶ֖ה לֹ֥א יָמֽוּת׃", "text": "*wa-* *yirʾeh* *wa-* *yāšāb* *mi-* *kol*-*pəšāʿāyw* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *ḥāyô* *yiḥyeh* *lōʾ* *yāmût*", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*yirʾeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he sees", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*yāšāb*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turns back", "*mi-*": "preposition - from", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*pəšāʿāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his transgressions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has done", "*ḥāyô*": "Qal infinitive absolute - live", "*yiḥyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will live", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yāmût*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will die" }, "variants": { "*yirʾeh*": "sees/perceives/realizes", "*yāšāb*": "turns back/returns/repents", "*pəšāʿāyw*": "his transgressions/his rebellions/his crimes", "*ḥāyô* *yiḥyeh*": "surely live/certainly live (emphatic construction)" } }
• Ezek 18:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.18.32", "source": "כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אֶחְפֹּץ֙ בְּמ֣וֹת הַמֵּ֔ת נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה וְהָשִׁ֖יבוּ וִֽחְיֽוּ׃", "text": "*kî* *lōʾ* *ʾeḥpōṣ* *bə-* *môt* *ha-mēt* *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *wə-* *hāšîbû* *wi-* *ḥyû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I desire", "*bə-*": "preposition - in", "*môt*": "masculine singular construct - death of", "*ha-mēt*": "definite article with Qal participle masculine singular - the dying/dead", "*nəʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hāšîbû*": "Hiphil imperative masculine plural - turn back", "*wi-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥyû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - live" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥpōṣ*": "desire/take pleasure in/delight in", "*ha-mēt*": "the dying one/the dead/one who dies", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*hāšîbû*": "turn back/repent/return", "*ḥyû*": "live/be alive/experience life" } }
• Ezek 33:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.33.4", "source": "וְשָׁמַ֨ע הַשֹּׁמֵ֜עַ אֶת־ק֤וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָר֙ וְלֹ֣א נִזְהָ֔ר וַתָּ֥בוֹא חֶ֖רֶב וַתִּקָּחֵ֑הוּ דָּמ֥וֹ בְרֹאשׁ֖וֹ יִֽהְיֶֽה׃", "text": "*wə-šāmaʿ* *ha-šōmēaʿ* *ʾet*-*qôl* *ha-šôpār* *wə-lōʾ* *nizhār* *wa-tābôʾ* *ḥereb* *wa-tiqqāḥēhû* *dāmô* *bə-rōʾšô* *yihyeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-šāmaʿ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he hears", "*ha-šōmēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine singular - the hearer/one who hears", "*ʾet*-*qôl*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the sound of", "*ha-šôpār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the trumpet/horn", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*nizhār*": "niphal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he was warned/took warning", "*wa-tābôʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd singular feminine - and comes", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*wa-tiqqāḥēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd singular feminine with 3rd singular masculine suffix - and it takes him", "*dāmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd singular masculine suffix - his blood", "*bə-rōʾšô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd singular masculine suffix - on his head", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - it will be" }, "variants": { "*šōmēaʿ*": "hearer/listener/one who hears", "*qôl*": "sound/voice/noise", "*nizhār*": "was warned/took heed/was cautious", "*ḥereb*": "sword/war/destruction", "*dāmô* *bə-rōʾšô*": "his blood on his head/he is responsible for his own death" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.33.5", "source": "אֵת֩ ק֨וֹל הַשּׁוֹפָ֤ר שָׁמַע֙ וְלֹ֣א נִזְהָ֔ר דָּמ֖וֹ בּ֣וֹ יִֽהְיֶ֑ה וְה֥וּא נִזְהָ֖ר נַפְשׁ֥וֹ מִלֵּֽט׃", "text": "*ʾēt* *qôl* *ha-šôpār* *šāmaʿ* *wə-lōʾ* *nizhār* *dāmô* *bô* *yihyeh* *wə-hûʾ* *nizhār* *napšô* *millēṭ*", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*ha-šôpār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the trumpet/horn", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he heard", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*nizhār*": "niphal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he was warned/took warning", "*dāmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd singular masculine suffix - his blood", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd singular masculine suffix - in him/on him", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - it will be", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 3rd singular masculine - and he", "*nizhār*": "niphal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he was warned/took warning", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd singular masculine suffix - his soul/life", "*millēṭ*": "piel perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he delivered/saved/rescued" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "sound/voice/noise", "*nizhār*": "was warned/took heed/was cautious", "*dāmô* *bô* *yihyeh*": "his blood will be on him/he bears his own guilt", "*napšô* *millēṭ*": "he delivered his soul/he saved his life/he rescued himself" } }
• Acts 18:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Acts.18.6", "source": "Ἀντιτασσομένων δὲ αὐτῶν, καὶ βλασφημούντων, ἐκτιναξάμενος τὰ ἱμάτια, εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς, Τὸ αἷμα ὑμῶν ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν ὑμῶν· καθαρὸς ἐγώ: ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν εἰς τὰ Ἔθνη πορεύσομαι.", "text": "*Antitassomenōn de autōn*, and *blasphēmountōn*, *ektinaxamenos ta himatia*, *eipen pros autous*, The *haima hymōn epi tēn kephalēn hymōn*; *katharos egō*: *apo tou nyn eis ta Ethnē poreusomai*.", "grammar": { "*Antitassomenōn*": "present middle/passive participle, genitive plural - opposing", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*autōn*": "genitive plural pronoun - they/them", "*blasphēmountōn*": "present active participle, genitive plural - blaspheming", "*ektinaxamenos*": "aorist middle participle, nominative masculine singular - having shaken off", "*ta himatia*": "article + accusative neuter plural - the garments/clothes", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he said", "*pros*": "preposition with accusative - to/toward", "*autous*": "accusative plural pronoun - them", "*haima*": "nominative neuter singular - blood", "*hymōn*": "genitive plural pronoun - your", "*epi*": "preposition with accusative - upon", "*tēn kephalēn*": "article + accusative feminine singular - the head", "*hymōn*": "genitive plural pronoun - your", "*katharos*": "nominative masculine singular adjective - clean/pure", "*egō*": "nominative singular pronoun - I", "*apo*": "preposition with genitive - from", "*tou nyn*": "article + adverb - the now/present time", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - to/unto", "*ta Ethnē*": "article + accusative neuter plural - the Gentiles/nations", "*poreusomai*": "future middle indicative, 1st person singular - I will go" }, "variants": { "*Antitassomenōn*": "opposing/resisting/setting themselves against", "*blasphēmountōn*": "blaspheming/speaking evil/slandering", "*ektinaxamenos*": "having shaken off/shaking out", "*ta himatia*": "garments/clothes/cloaks", "*haima hymōn epi tēn kephalēn hymōn*": "your blood upon your head (idiomatic: responsibility for your fate is on yourselves)", "*katharos*": "clean/pure/innocent", "*ta Ethnē*": "the Gentiles/the nations/the peoples" } }