Genesis 1:14

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.1.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיּ֖וֹם וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yĕhî* *mĕʾōrōt* in *rĕqîaʿ* the *šāmayim* to *habdîl* between the *yôm* and between the *lāylāh* and *hāyû* for *ʾōtōt* and for *môʿădîm* and for *yāmîm* and *šānîm*", "grammar": { "*mĕʾōrōt*": "noun, masculine plural - lights/luminaries", "*bi-rĕqîaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in firmament of", "*lĕ-habdîl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to separate/divide", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they will be", "*lĕ-ʾōtōt*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for signs", "*û-lĕ-môʿădîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and for appointed times", "*û-lĕ-yāmîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and for days", "*wĕ-šānîm*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural - and years" }, "variants": { "*mĕʾōrōt*": "lights/luminaries/light-bearers", "*habdîl*": "to separate/to divide/to distinguish", "*ʾōtōt*": "signs/signals/markers", "*môʿădîm*": "appointed times/festivals/seasons", "*yāmîm*": "days/periods of time", "*šānîm*": "years/annual cycles" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיּ֖וֹם וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים׃

Transliteration

And wayyōʾmer ʾĕlōhîm yĕhî mĕʾōrōt in rĕqîaʿ the šāmayim to habdîl between the yôm and between the lāylāh and hāyû for ʾōtōt and for môʿădîm and for yāmîm and šānîm

Grammar Details

• *mĕʾōrōt*: noun, masculine plural - lights/luminaries
• *bi-rĕqîaʿ*: preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in firmament of
• *lĕ-habdîl*: preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to separate/divide
• *hāyû*: verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they will be
• *lĕ-ʾōtōt*: preposition + noun, masculine plural - for signs
• *û-lĕ-môʿădîm*: conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and for appointed times
• *û-lĕ-yāmîm*: conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and for days
• *wĕ-šānîm*: conjunction + noun, feminine plural - and years

Word Meanings

• *mĕʾōrōt*: lights/luminaries/light-bearers
• *habdîl*: to separate/to divide/to distinguish
• *ʾōtōt*: signs/signals/markers
• *môʿădîm*: appointed times/festivals/seasons
• *yāmîm*: days/periods of time
• *šānîm*: years/annual cycles

Other Translations

• claude3.7

  And said God, Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to divide between the day and between the night, and let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then God said, 'Let there be lights in the vault of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark sacred times, and days, and years,

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And God said, Let there be lights in the sky of the heavens to separate the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And God{H430} said,{H559} Let there be lights{H3974} in the firmament{H7549} of heaven{H8064} to divide{H914} the day{H3117} from the night;{H3915} and let them be for signs,{H226} and for seasons,{H4150} and for days{H3117} and years:{H8141}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And God{H430} said{H559}{(H8799)}, Let there be lights{H3974} in the firmament{H7549} of the heaven{H8064} to divide{H914}{(H8687)} the day{H3117} from the night{H3915}; and let them be for signs{H226}, and for seasons{H4150}, and for days{H3117}, and years{H8141}:

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Than sayd God: let there be lyghtes in ye firmament of heaven to devyde the daye fro the nyghte that they may be vnto sygnes seasons days and yeares.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And God sayde: let there be lightes in ye firmament of heauen, to deuyde the daye fro the night, that they maye be vnto tokes, seasons, dayes, and yeares.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And God said, Let there be lightes in the firmament of the heauen, to separate the day from the night, and let them be for signes, and for seasons, and for dayes and yeeres.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And God sayde: let there be lyghtes in the firmament of the heauen, that they may deuide the day and the nyght, and let them be for signes, & seasons, and for dayes, and yeres.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of sky to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And God saith, `Let luminaries be in the expanse of the heavens, to make a separation between the day and the night, then they have been for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And God said, Let there be lights in the arch of heaven, for a division between the day and the night, and let them be for signs, and for marking the changes of the year, and for days and for years:

• World English Bible (2000)

  God said, "Let there be lights in the expanse of sky to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days and years;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  God said,“Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them be signs to indicate seasons and days and years,

Referenced Verses

• Ps 136:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.7", "source": "לְ֭עֹשֵׂה אוֹרִ֣ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "to-*ʿōśēh* *ʾôrîm* *gədōlîm* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for the one making", "*ʾôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lights", "*gədōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśēh*": "making/creating/fashioning", "*ʾôrîm*": "lights/luminaries", "*gədōlîm*": "great/large/mighty", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.8", "source": "אֶת־הַ֭שֶּׁמֶשׁ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת בַּיּ֑וֹם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾet*-the-*šemeš* to-*memšelet* in-the-*yôm* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*memšelet*": "noun, feminine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for dominion/rule", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and prefixed preposition bet - in the day", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*šemeš*": "sun", "*memšelet*": "dominion/rule/authority", "*yôm*": "day/daytime", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.9", "source": "אֶת־הַיָּרֵ֣חַ וְ֭כוֹכָבִים לְמֶמְשְׁל֣וֹת בַּלָּ֑יְלָה כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾet*-the-*yārēaḥ* *wə*-*kôkābîm* to-*memšəlôt* in-the-*lāyəlāh* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the moon", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*kôkābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - stars", "*memšəlôt*": "noun, feminine plural with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for dominions/rules", "*lāyəlāh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and prefixed preposition bet - in the night", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*yārēaḥ*": "moon", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*memšəlôt*": "dominions/rules/authorities", "*lāyəlāh*": "night/nighttime", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } }
• Ps 104:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.19", "source": "עָשָׂ֣ה יָ֭רֵחַ לְמוֹעֲדִ֑ים שֶׁ֝֗מֶשׁ יָדַ֥ע מְבוֹאֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʿāśāh* *yārēaḥ* *lĕmôʿadîm* *shemesh* *yādaʿ* *mĕbôʾô*", "grammar": { "*ʿāśāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he made", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon", "*lĕmôʿadîm*": "preposition *lě* + noun, masculine plural - for appointed times", "*shemesh*": "noun, feminine singular - sun", "*yādaʿ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it knows", "*mĕbôʾô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its setting" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśāh*": "made, did, created, fashioned", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon, month", "*môʿadîm*": "appointed times, seasons, festivals", "*shemesh*": "sun, sunlight", "*yādaʿ*": "knows, is aware of, perceives", "*mĕbôʾô*": "its setting, its going in, its entrance" } } 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.20", "source": "תָּֽשֶׁת־חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וִ֣יהִי לָ֑יְלָה בּֽוֹ־תִ֝רְמֹ֗שׂ כָּל־חַיְתוֹ־יָֽעַר׃", "text": "*tāshet*-*ḥōshek* *wîhî* *lāylāh* *bô*-*tirmōś* *kol*-*ḥaytô*-*yāʿar*", "grammar": { "*tāshet*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you make/set", "*ḥōshek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*wîhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it becomes", "*lāylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*bô*": "preposition *bě* + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in it", "*tirmōś*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it creeps/prowls", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ḥaytô*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts of", "*yāʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - forest" }, "variants": { "*tāshet*": "set, make, place, appoint", "*ḥōshek*": "darkness, obscurity, night", "*wîhî*": "and it becomes, and it is, and there is", "*lāylāh*": "night, nighttime", "*tirmōś*": "creeps, prowls, moves about", "*ḥaytô*": "beasts, animals, living creatures", "*yāʿar*": "forest, woods, thicket" } }
• Ps 8:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.8.3", "source": "מִפִּ֤י עֽוֹלְלִ֨ים ׀ וְֽיֹנְקִים֮ יִסַּ֢דְתָּ֫ עֹ֥ז לְמַ֥עַן צוֹרְרֶ֑יךָ לְהַשְׁבִּ֥ית א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃", "text": "From-mouth-of *ʿôlelîm* and-*yōneqîm* *yissadtā* *ʿōz* for-sake-of *tsôrerêkā* to-cause-to-cease *ʾôyēb* and-*mitnaqēm*", "grammar": { "*ʿôlelîm*": "masculine plural noun - infants/children/babes", "*yōneqîm*": "masculine plural participle - sucklings/nursing ones", "*yissadtā*": "2nd person masculine singular perfect, Piel form - you have founded/established", "*ʿōz*": "masculine singular noun - strength/might/power", "*tsôrerêkā*": "masculine plural participle + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies/adversaries", "*ʾôyēb*": "masculine singular participle - enemy/foe", "*mitnaqēm*": "masculine singular participle, Hithpael form - avenger/one who takes vengeance" }, "variants": { "*yissadtā*": "you have founded/established/ordained/appointed", "*ʿōz*": "strength/might/power/stronghold", "*tsôrerêkā*": "your adversaries/enemies/oppressors", "*mitnaqēm*": "avenger/one who takes vengeance/revenger" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.8.4", "source": "כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶ֣ה שָׁ֭מֶיךָ מַעֲשֵׂ֣י אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑יךָ יָרֵ֥חַ וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר כּוֹנָֽנְתָּה׃", "text": "When *ʾerʾeh* *šāmêkā* *maʿăśê* *ʾetsbeʿōtêkā* *yārēah* and-*kôkābîm* which *kônāntā*", "grammar": { "*ʾerʾeh*": "1st person singular imperfect - I see/look at/behold", "*šāmêkā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heavens", "*maʿăśê*": "masculine plural construct - works of/things made by", "*ʾetsbeʿōtêkā*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your fingers", "*yārēah*": "masculine singular noun - moon", "*kôkābîm*": "masculine plural noun - stars", "*kônāntā*": "2nd person masculine singular perfect, Polel form - you have established/set in place" }, "variants": { "*ʾerʾeh*": "I see/look at/behold/consider", "*maʿăśê*": "works/deeds/acts/things made", "*kônāntā*": "you have established/set in place/prepared/fixed" } }
• Ps 74:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.16", "source": "לְךָ֣ י֭וֹם אַף־לְךָ֥ לָ֑יְלָה אַתָּ֥ה הֲ֝כִינ֗וֹתָ מָא֥וֹר וָשָֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "To you *yom*, also to you *laylah*; *attah hachinota ma'or va-shamesh*.", "grammar": { "*lecha*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'to you/yours'", "*yom*": "masculine singular noun - 'day'", "*af-lecha*": "conjunction + preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'also to you'", "*laylah*": "masculine singular noun - 'night'", "*attah*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - 'you'", "*hachinota*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you established'", "*ma'or*": "masculine singular noun - 'light/luminary'", "*va-shamesh*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - 'and sun'" }, "variants": { "*hachinota*": "established/prepared/set in place", "*ma'or*": "light/luminary/light-giver", "*shamesh*": "sun/solar light" } } 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.17", "source": "אַתָּ֣ה הִ֭צַּבְתָּ כָּל־גְּבוּל֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ קַ֥יִץ וָ֝חֹ֗רֶף אַתָּ֥ה יְצַרְתָּם׃", "text": "*Attah hitsavta kol-gevulot arets*, *qayits va-choref attah yetsartam*.", "grammar": { "*Attah*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - 'you'", "*hitsavta*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you set/established'", "*kol-gevulot*": "construct phrase - 'all boundaries of'", "*arets*": "feminine singular noun - 'earth/land'", "*qayits*": "masculine singular noun - 'summer'", "*va-choref*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - 'and winter'", "*yetsartam*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'you formed them'" }, "variants": { "*hitsavta*": "set/established/fixed", "*gevulot*": "boundaries/borders/territories", "*qayits*": "summer/fruit harvest season", "*choref*": "winter/rainy season", "*yetsartam*": "formed them/shaped them/created them" } }
• Deut 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.19", "source": "וּפֶן־תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֜חַ וְאֶת־הַכּֽוֹכָבִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*û-pen-tiśśāʾ ʿênêkā ha-šāmaymāh wə-rāʾîtā ʾet-ha-ššemeš wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm kōl ṣəbāʾ ha-šāmayim wə-niddaḥtā wə-hištaḥăwîtā lāhem wa-ʿăbadtām ʾăšer ḥālaq YHWH ʾĕlōhêkā ʾōtām lə-kōl hā-ʿammîm taḥat kol-ha-šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*û-pen*": "conjunction + conjunction - and lest", "*tiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you lift up", "*ʿênêkā*": "common dual noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ha-šāmaymāh*": "definite article + noun + directional suffix - to the heavens", "*wə-rāʾîtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and see", "*ʾet-ha-ššemeš*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the sun", "*wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the moon", "*wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the stars", "*kōl*": "noun - all", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - host of", "*ha-šāmayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-niddaḥtā*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and be drawn away", "*wə-hištaḥăwîtā*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and bow down", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-ʿăbadtām*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and serve them", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ḥālaq*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - allotted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lə-kōl*": "preposition + noun - to all", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the peoples", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*kol-ha-šāmāyim*": "construct chain: noun + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the heavens" }, "variants": { "*pen*": "lest/that not/beware that not", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/raise/look up", "*ʿênêkā*": "your eyes/your sight", "*šāmaymāh*": "heavenward/toward the sky", "*rāʾîtā*": "see/observe/behold", "*šemeš*": "sun/solar body", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*niddaḥtā*": "be drawn away/be impelled/be led astray", "*hištaḥăwîtā*": "bow down/prostrate yourself/worship", "*ʿăbadtām*": "serve them/worship them", "*ḥālaq*": "allotted/apportioned/assigned", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath" } }
• Isa 40:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.40.26", "source": "שְׂאוּ־מָר֨וֹם עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי־בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אוֹנִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר׃ ס", "text": "*śěʾû-mārôm ʿênêkem ûrěʾû mî-bārāʾ ʾēlleh hammôṣîʾ běmispār ṣěbāʾām lěkullām běšēm yiqrāʾ mērōb ʾônîm wěʾammîṣ kōaḥ ʾîš lōʾ neʿdār*", "grammar": { "*śěʾû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - 'lift up'", "*mārôm*": "adverb - 'on high'", "*ʿênêkem*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - 'your eyes'", "*ûrěʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - 'and see'", "*mî-bārāʾ*": "interrogative pronoun + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'who created'", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - 'these'", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "definite article + hiphil participle, masculine singular - 'the one who brings out'", "*běmispār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'by number'", "*ṣěbāʾām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their host'", "*lěkullām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'to all of them'", "*běšēm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'by name'", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he calls'", "*mērōb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'because of greatness of'", "*ʾônîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'strength'", "*wěʾammîṣ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular construct - 'and mighty of'", "*kōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'power'", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - 'man/one'", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*neʿdār*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'is missing'" }, "variants": { "*śěʾû-mārôm*": "lift up on high/raise your eyes upward", "*mî-bārāʾ*": "who created/who has created", "*hammôṣîʾ běmispār ṣěbāʾām*": "who brings out their host by number/who leads out their army by count", "*běšēm yiqrāʾ*": "calls by name/summons by name", "*mērōb ʾônîm wěʾammîṣ kōaḥ*": "because of great strength and mighty power", "*ʾîš lōʾ neʿdār*": "not one is missing/not one fails" } }
• Jer 31:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.31.35", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה נֹתֵ֥ן שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ לְא֣וֹר יוֹמָ֔ם חֻקֹּ֛ת יָרֵ֥חַ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים לְא֣וֹר לָ֑יְלָה רֹגַ֤ע הַיָּם֙ וַיֶּהֱמ֣וּ גַלָּ֔יו יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *nōtēn* *šemeš* for *ʾôr* by day, *ḥuqqōt* *yārēaḥ* and *kôkābîm* for *ʾôr* by night, *rōgaʿ* the *yām* and *wayyehĕmû* *gallāyw*, *YHWH* *ṣᵊbāʾôt* *šᵊmô*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*nōtēn*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - giving/who gives", "*šemeš*": "noun, common, singular - sun", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine, singular - light", "*ḥuqqōt*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - statutes/ordinances of", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular - moon", "*kôkābîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - stars", "*rōgaʿ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - stirring up/disturbing", "*yām*": "noun, masculine, singular - sea", "*wayyehĕmû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they roar", "*gallāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its waves", "*ṣᵊbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - hosts/armies", "*šᵊmô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*nōtēn*": "giving/appointing/placing", "*ḥuqqōt*": "statutes/ordinances/decrees/prescribed limits", "*rōgaʿ*": "stirring up/disturbing/agitating/calming", "*yehĕmû*": "roar/rage/sound/make noise", "*ṣᵊbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes" } }
• Amos 5:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Amos.5.8", "source": "עֹשֵׂ֨ה כִימָ֜ה וּכְסִ֗יל וְהֹפֵ֤ךְ לַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ צַלְמָ֔וֶת וְי֖וֹם לַ֣יְלָה הֶחְשִׁ֑יךְ הַקּוֹרֵ֣א לְמֵֽי־הַיָּ֗ם וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכֵ֛ם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "*ʿōśēh* *khîmāh* and-*khəsîl* and-*hōphēkh* *la-bōqer* *ṣalmāwet*, and-*yôm* *laylāh* *heḥshîkh*; *ha-qôrēʾ* *lə-mê-ha-yām* and-*yishpəkhēm* upon-face-of *hā-ʾāreṣ*; *YHWH* *shəmô*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - making/doing", "*khîmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - Pleiades (star cluster)", "*khəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - Orion (constellation)", "*hōphēkh*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - turning", "*la-bōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the morning", "*ṣalmāwet*": "noun, masculine singular - deep darkness/shadow of death", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*heḥshîkh*": "perfect, hiphil, 3rd masculine singular - he darkens", "*ha-qôrēʾ*": "definite article + participle, qal, masculine singular - the one calling", "*lə-mê-ha-yām*": "preposition + construct plural + definite article + noun - to waters of the sea", "*yishpəkhēm*": "imperfect consecutive, qal, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he pours them out", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land", "*shəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*khîmāh*": "Pleiades/Seven Stars", "*khəsîl*": "Orion/fool (constellation name)", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death", "*heḥshîkh*": "darkens/makes dark", "*qôrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/inviting", "*yishpəkhēm*": "pours them out/spills them" } }
• Ps 148:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.148.3", "source": "הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֑חַ הַ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כָּל־כּ֥וֹכְבֵי אֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Hallelûhû* *šemeš* *weyārēaḥ* *hallelûhû* *kol*-*kôkebê* *ʾôr*", "grammar": { "*Hallelûhû*": "imperative plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - praise him", "*šemeš*": "noun feminine singular - sun", "*weyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and moon", "*hallelûhû*": "imperative plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - praise him", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of", "*kôkebê*": "noun masculine plural construct - stars of", "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular - light" }, "variants": { "*šemeš*": "sun/sunlight", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body", "*kôkebê*": "stars/heavenly bodies", "*ʾôr*": "light/brightness/illumination" } }
• Ps 148:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.148.6", "source": "וַיַּעֲמִידֵ֣ם לָעַ֣ד לְעוֹלָ֑ם חָק־נָ֝תַ֗ן וְלֹ֣א יַעֲבֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Wayyaʿămîdēm* *lāʿad* *leʿôlām* *ḥoq*-*nātan* *welōʾ* *yaʿăbôr*", "grammar": { "*Wayyaʿămîdēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he established them", "*lāʿad*": "preposition + noun - forever", "*leʿôlām*": "preposition + noun - for eternity", "*ḥoq*": "noun masculine singular construct - decree", "*nātan*": "perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gave/set", "*welōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yaʿăbôr*": "imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will pass/transgress" }, "variants": { "*Wayyaʿămîdēm*": "and he established them/set them up/caused them to stand", "*lāʿad*": "forever/eternally/perpetually", "*leʿôlām*": "for eternity/everlasting/perpetually", "*ḥoq*": "decree/statute/ordinance/boundary", "*nātan*": "gave/set/placed/established", "*yaʿăbôr*": "will pass away/transgress/cross over" } }
• Job 38:12-14 : 12 { "verseID": "Job.38.12", "source": "הְֽמִיָּמֶיךָ צִוִּ֣יתָ בֹּ֑קֶר יִדַּ֖עְתָּה הַשַּׁ֣חַר מְקֹמֽוֹ׃", "text": "?-From-*yāmeykā* *ṣiwwîtā* *bōqer* *yiddaʿtâ* the-*šaḥar* *məqōmô*.", "grammar": { "*hă*": "interrogative particle - ?", "*min*": "preposition - from/since", "*yāmeykā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your days", "*ṣiwwîtā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you commanded", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*yiddaʿtâ*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you made know", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*šaḥar*": "noun, masculine singular - dawn", "*məqōmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its place" }, "variants": { "*yāmeykā*": "your days/in your lifetime", "*ṣiwwîtā*": "you commanded/you ordered", "*bōqer*": "morning/daybreak", "*yiddaʿtâ*": "you made know/you caused to know", "*šaḥar*": "dawn/daybreak", "*məqōmô*": "its place/its position" } } 13 { "verseID": "Job.38.13", "source": "לֶ֭אֱחֹז בְּכַנְפ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיִנָּעֲר֖וּ רְשָׁעִ֣ים מִמֶּֽנָּה׃", "text": "To-*ʾĕḥōz* on-*kanpôt* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yinnāʿărû* *rəšāʿîm* from-her.", "grammar": { "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʾĕḥōz*": "qal infinitive construct - to seize/take hold", "*bə*": "preposition - on/by", "*kanpôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - edges/corners/ends", "*ha-*": "definite article - the", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*yinnāʿărû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they might be shaken out", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*mimmenāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her/from it" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕḥōz*": "to seize/to grasp/to take hold of", "*kanpôt*": "edges/corners/ends", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*yinnāʿărû*": "they might be shaken out/they might be tossed out", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil ones" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.38.14", "source": "תִּ֭תְהַפֵּךְ כְּחֹ֣מֶר חוֹתָ֑ם וְ֝יִֽתְיַצְּב֗וּ כְּמ֣וֹ לְבֽוּשׁ׃", "text": "*tithappēk* like-*ḥōmer* *ḥôtām* and-*yityaṣṣĕbû* as *lĕbûš*.", "grammar": { "*tithappēk*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it changes itself", "*kə*": "preposition - like/as", "*ḥōmer*": "noun, masculine singular - clay/mud", "*ḥôtām*": "noun, masculine singular - seal/signet", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*yityaṣṣĕbû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they present themselves/stand forth", "*kəmô*": "preposition - as/like", "*lĕbûš*": "noun, masculine singular - garment/clothing" }, "variants": { "*tithappēk*": "it changes itself/it is transformed/it turns", "*ḥōmer*": "clay/mud/mortar", "*ḥôtām*": "seal/signet ring/signet", "*yityaṣṣĕbû*": "they present themselves/they stand forth/they take their stand", "*lĕbûš*": "garment/clothing/attire" } }
• Job 38:31-32 : 31 { "verseID": "Job.38.31", "source": "הַֽתְקַשֵּׁר מַעֲדַנּ֣וֹת כִּימָ֑ה אֽוֹ־מֹשְׁכ֖וֹת כְּסִ֣יל תְּפַתֵּֽחַ׃", "text": "?-*təqaššēr* *maʿădannôt* *kîmâ* or-*mōškôt* *kəsîl* *təpattēaḥ*?", "grammar": { "*hă*": "interrogative particle - ?", "*təqaššēr*": "piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you bind", "*maʿădannôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - chains/bonds of", "*kîmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - Pleiades (constellation)", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*mōškôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - cords/bands of", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - Orion (constellation)", "*təpattēaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you loosen" }, "variants": { "*təqaššēr*": "you bind/you tie/you fasten", "*maʿădannôt*": "chains/bonds/fetters", "*kîmâ*": "Pleiades (constellation)", "*mōškôt*": "cords/bands/ropes", "*kəsîl*": "Orion (constellation)", "*təpattēaḥ*": "you loosen/you untie/you open" } } 32 { "verseID": "Job.38.32", "source": "הֲתֹצִ֣יא מַזָּר֣וֹת בְּעִתּ֑וֹ וְ֝עַ֗יִשׁ עַל־בָּנֶ֥יהָ תַנְחֵֽם׃", "text": "?-*tôṣîʾ* *mazzārôt* in-*ʿittô* and-*ʿayiš* over-*bāneyhā* *tanḥēm*?", "grammar": { "*hă*": "interrogative particle - ?", "*tôṣîʾ*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you bring out", "*mazzārôt*": "noun, feminine plural - constellations/zodiacal signs", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʿittô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its time/season", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿayiš*": "noun, masculine singular - Great Bear/Ursa Major (constellation)", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over/upon", "*bāneyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her children/stars", "*tanḥēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you guide/lead" }, "variants": { "*tôṣîʾ*": "you bring out/you lead forth", "*mazzārôt*": "constellations/zodiacal signs", "*ʿittô*": "its time/its season/its appointed time", "*ʿayiš*": "Great Bear/Ursa Major (constellation)", "*bāneyhā*": "her children/her offspring/her stars", "*tanḥēm*": "you guide/you lead/you comfort" } }
• Joel 2:30-31 : 30 { "verseID": "Joel.2.30", "source": "וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ מֽוֹפְתִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ דָּ֣ם וָאֵ֔שׁ וְתִֽימֲר֖וֹת עָשָֽׁן׃", "text": "And-*nātattî* *môfetîm* in-the-*shāmayim* and-in-the-*ʾārets* *dām* and-*ʾēsh* and-*tîmărôt* *ʿāshān*.", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will give/place", "*môfetîm*": "masculine plural noun - wonders/signs", "*shāmayim*": "masculine dual noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʾārets*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*tîmărôt*": "feminine plural construct - columns of", "*ʿāshān*": "masculine singular noun - smoke" }, "variants": { "*nātattî*": "I will give/place/put/show", "*môfetîm*": "wonders/signs/portents", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*tîmărôt*": "columns of/pillars of" } } 31 { "verseID": "Joel.2.31", "source": "הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃", "text": "The-*shemesh* *yēhāfēkh* to-*ḥōshekh* and-the-*yārēaḥ* to-*dām* before *bôʾ* *yôm* *YHWH* the-*gādôl* and-the-*nôrāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sun", "*yēhāfēkh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be turned/changed", "*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the moon", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*bôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - coming of", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the great", "*nôrāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the dreadful/feared" }, "variants": { "*yēhāfēkh*": "will be turned/changed/transformed", "*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*gādôl*": "great/mighty/important", "*nôrāʾ*": "dreadful/feared/awesome/terrible" } }
• Joel 3:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Joel.3.15", "source": "שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֖חַ קָדָ֑רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם", "text": "*Šemeš* and-*yārēaḥ* *qāḏārû* and-*kôḵāḇîm* *ʾāsəp̄û* *nāḡəhām*", "grammar": { "*šemeš*": "masculine/feminine singular noun - sun", "*wəyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and moon", "*qāḏārû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - darken/grow dark", "*wəḵôḵāḇîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and stars", "*ʾāsəp̄û*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - withdraw/gather in", "*nāḡəhām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brightness" }, "variants": { "*qāḏārû*": "grow dark/be darkened/be black", "*ʾāsəp̄û*": "withdraw/gather in/collect", "*nāḡəhām*": "their brightness/their shining/their light" } }
• Matt 24:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Matthew.24.29", "source": "¶Εὐθέως δὲ μετὰ τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων ὁ ἥλιος σκοτισθήσεται, καὶ ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φέγγος αὐτῆς, καὶ οἱ ἀστέρες πεσοῦνται ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται:", "text": "But immediately after the *thlipsin* of the *hēmerōn* those the *hēlios* *skotisthēsetai*, and the *selēnē* not *dōsei* the *phengos* of her, and the *asteres* *pesountai* from the *ouranou*, and the *dynameis* of the *ouranōn* *saleuthēsontai*:", "grammar": { "*thlipsin*": "accusative feminine singular - tribulation/affliction", "*hēmerōn*": "genitive feminine plural - of days", "*hēlios*": "nominative masculine singular - sun", "*skotisthēsetai*": "future passive, 3rd person singular - will be darkened", "*selēnē*": "nominative feminine singular - moon", "*dōsei*": "future active, 3rd person singular - will give", "*phengos*": "accusative neuter singular - light", "*asteres*": "nominative masculine plural - stars", "*pesountai*": "future middle, 3rd person plural - will fall", "*ouranou*": "genitive masculine singular - heaven/sky", "*dynameis*": "nominative feminine plural - powers", "*ouranōn*": "genitive masculine plural - of heavens", "*saleuthēsontai*": "future passive, 3rd person plural - will be shaken" }, "variants": { "*thlipsin*": "tribulation/affliction/distress", "*hēmerōn*": "days/times", "*hēlios*": "sun", "*skotisthēsetai*": "will be darkened/obscured", "*selēnē*": "moon", "*dōsei*": "will give/provide/grant", "*phengos*": "light/brightness/radiance", "*asteres*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*pesountai*": "will fall/drop/descend", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky/firmament", "*dynameis*": "powers/forces/authorities", "*ouranōn*": "heavens/skies", "*saleuthēsontai*": "will be shaken/agitated/disturbed" } }
• Jer 33:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.33.20", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־תָּפֵ֙רוּ֙ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֣י הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י הַלָּ֑יְלָה וּלְבִלְתִּ֛י הֱי֥וֹת יֽוֹמָם־וָלַ֖יְלָה בְּעִתָּֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* if *tāp̄ērû* *bərîṯî* *hayyôm* and *bərîṯî* *hallāyəlāh* and to not *hĕyôṯ* *yômām-wālayəlāh* in *ʿittām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3ms - he said/says", "*tāp̄ērû*": "hiphil imperfect 2mp - you break", "*bərîṯî*": "noun fs + 1s suffix - my covenant", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun ms - the day", "*hallāyəlāh*": "definite article + noun ms - the night", "*hĕyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - to be", "*yômām-wālayəlāh*": "adverb + waw conjunction + noun ms - day and night", "*ʿittām*": "noun ms + 3mp suffix - their time" }, "variants": { "*tāp̄ērû*": "break/annul/frustrate", "*bərîṯî*": "my covenant/agreement/treaty" } }
• Jer 10:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.2", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אֶל־דֶּ֤רֶךְ הַגּוֹיִם֙ אַל־תִּלְמָ֔דוּ וּמֵאֹת֥וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם אַל־תֵּחָ֑תּוּ כִּֽי־יֵחַ֥תּוּ הַגּוֹיִ֖ם מֵהֵֽמָּה׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, unto-*dereḵ* *ha-gôyim* *ʾal*-*tilmādû* and-from-*ʾōtôt* *ha-šāmayim* *ʾal*-*tēḥāttû* *kî*-*yēḥattû* *ha-gôyim* from-them", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way of", "*ha-gôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations/gentiles", "*tilmādû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + negative particle - do not learn", "*ʾōtôt*": "noun, masculine plural construct - signs of", "*ha-šāmayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the heavens", "*tēḥāttû*": "niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + negative particle - do not be dismayed", "*yēḥattû*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they are dismayed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because" }, "variants": { "*dereḵ*": "way/path/custom/manner", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/heathen", "*ʾōtôt*": "signs/omens/tokens", "*tēḥāttû*": "be dismayed/terrified/broken", "*yēḥattû*": "are dismayed/terrified/broken" } }
• Ezek 32:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.32.7", "source": "וְכִסֵּיתִ֤י בְכַבּֽוֹתְךָ֙ שָׁמַ֔יִם וְהִקְדַּרְתִּ֖י אֶת־כֹּֽכְבֵיהֶ֑ם שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בֶּעָנָ֣ן אֲכַסֶּ֔נּוּ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹא־יָאִ֥יר אוֹרֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *kissêtî* in *kabbôtĕkā* *shāmayim* and *hiqdartî* *'et*-*kôkĕbêhem* *shemesh* in *'ānān* *'ăkasennû* and *yārēaḥ* not-*yā'îr* *'ôrô*.", "grammar": { "*kissêtî*": "piel perfect 1cs - I will cover", "*kabbôtĕkā*": "infinitive construct piel with 2ms suffix - your being extinguished", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens", "*hiqdartî*": "hiphil perfect 1cs - I will darken", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*kôkĕbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their stars", "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun - sun", "*'ānān*": "masculine singular noun - cloud", "*'ăkasennû*": "piel imperfect 1cs with 3ms suffix - I will cover it", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - moon", "*yā'îr*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - it will shine", "*'ôrô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - its light" }, "variants": { "*kabbôtĕkā*": "your extinguishing/when you are extinguished/your extinction", "*hiqdartî*": "I will darken/I will cause to be dark", "*'ăkasennû*": "I will cover it/I will conceal it" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.32.8", "source": "כָּל־מְא֤וֹרֵי אוֹר֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם אַקְדִּירֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יךָ וְנָתַ֤תִּי חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ עַֽל־אַרְצְךָ֔ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "All-*mĕ'ôrêy 'ôr* in the *shāmayim* *'aqdîrēm* upon you and *nātattî* *ḥōshek* upon-*'arṣĕkā* *nĕ'um* *'ădōnāy* *Yhwh*.", "grammar": { "*mĕ'ôrêy*": "construct state, masculine plural noun - lights of", "*'ôr*": "masculine singular noun - light", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens", "*'aqdîrēm*": "hiphil imperfect 1cs with 3mp suffix - I will darken them", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I will place/put", "*ḥōshek*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*'arṣĕkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2ms suffix - your land", "*nĕ'um*": "construct state, masculine singular noun - utterance/declaration of", "*'ădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD" }, "variants": { "*mĕ'ôrêy 'ôr*": "lights of light/luminaries/bright lights", "*'aqdîrēm*": "I will darken them/I will make them dark", "*nĕ'um*": "utterance of/declaration of/says" } }
• Luke 21:25-26 : 25 { "verseID": "Luke.21.25", "source": "¶Καὶ ἔσται σημεῖα ἐν ἡλίῳ, καὶ σελήνῃ, καὶ ἄστροις· καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς συνοχὴ ἐθνῶν, ἐν ἀπορίᾳ· ἠχούσης· θαλάσσης καὶ σάλου", "text": "¶*Kai* there will be *estai* *sēmeia* in *hēliō*, *kai* *selēnē*, *kai* *astrois*· *kai* upon the *gēs* *synochē* of *ethnōn*, in *aporia*· *ēchousēs*· *thalassēs* *kai* *salou*", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*estai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person singular - will be", "*sēmeia*": "nominative neuter plural - signs", "*hēliō*": "dative masculine singular - sun", "*selēnē*": "dative feminine singular - moon", "*astrois*": "dative neuter plural - stars", "*gēs*": "genitive feminine singular - earth/land", "*synochē*": "nominative feminine singular - distress/anguish", "*ethnōn*": "genitive neuter plural - nations", "*aporia*": "dative feminine singular - perplexity", "*ēchousēs*": "present active participle, genitive feminine singular - roaring", "*thalassēs*": "genitive feminine singular - sea", "*salou*": "genitive masculine singular - surf/waves" }, "variants": { "*Kai*": "and/also", "*estai*": "will be/shall be", "*sēmeia*": "signs/signals/miraculous signs", "*hēliō*": "sun", "*selēnē*": "moon", "*astrois*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*synochē*": "distress/anguish/anxiety", "*ethnōn*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*aporia*": "perplexity/bewilderment/confusion", "*ēchousēs*": "roaring/sounding/resounding", "*thalassēs*": "sea/ocean", "*salou*": "surf/waves/tossing" } } 26 { "verseID": "Luke.21.26", "source": "Ἀποψυχόντων ἀνθρώπων ἀπὸ φόβου, καὶ προσδοκίας τῶν ἐπερχομένων τῇ οἰκουμένῃ: αἱ γὰρ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται.", "text": "*Apopsychontōn* *anthrōpōn* from *phobou*, *kai* *prosdokias* of the things *eperchomenōn* to the *oikoumenē*: the *gar* *dynameis* of the *ouranōn* will be *saleuthēsontai*.", "grammar": { "*Apopsychontōn*": "present active participle, genitive masculine plural - fainting", "*anthrōpōn*": "genitive masculine plural - men/people", "*phobou*": "genitive masculine singular - fear", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*prosdokias*": "genitive feminine singular - expectation", "*eperchomenōn*": "present middle participle, genitive neuter plural - coming upon", "*oikoumenē*": "dative feminine singular - inhabited earth/world", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - for", "*dynameis*": "nominative feminine plural - powers", "*ouranōn*": "genitive masculine plural - heavens", "*saleuthēsontai*": "future passive indicative, 3rd person plural - will be shaken" }, "variants": { "*Apopsychontōn*": "fainting/expiring/losing heart", "*anthrōpōn*": "men/people/mankind", "*phobou*": "fear/terror/dread", "*prosdokias*": "expectation/apprehension/anticipation", "*eperchomenōn*": "coming upon/happening to", "*oikoumenē*": "inhabited earth/world/universe", "*gar*": "for/because/indeed", "*dynameis*": "powers/forces/hosts", "*ouranōn*": "heavens/skies", "*saleuthēsontai*": "will be shaken/will be moved/will be agitated" } }
• Luke 23:45 : 45 { "verseID": "Luke.23.45", "source": "Καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ὁ ἥλιος, καί ἐσχίσθη τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ μέσον.", "text": "And was-*eskotisthē* the *hēlios*, and was-*eschisthē* the *katapetasma* of-the *naou* *meson*.", "grammar": { "*eskotisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - was darkened", "*hēlios*": "nominative singular masculine - sun", "*eschisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - was torn/split", "*katapetasma*": "nominative singular neuter - curtain/veil", "*naou*": "genitive singular masculine - of temple/sanctuary", "*meson*": "accusative singular neuter - middle/midst" }, "variants": { "*eskotisthē*": "was darkened/obscured", "*hēlios*": "sun", "*eschisthē*": "was torn/split/rent", "*katapetasma*": "curtain/veil", "*naou*": "temple/sanctuary", "*meson*": "middle/center/midst" } }
• Acts 2:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Acts.2.19", "source": "Καὶ δώσω τέρατα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω, καὶ σημεῖα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κάτω· αἷμα, καὶ πῦρ, καὶ ἀτμίδα καπνοῦ:", "text": "And *dōsō* *terata* in the *ouranō* above, and *sēmeia* upon the *gēs* below; *haima*, and *pyr*, and *atmida* of *kapnou*:", "grammar": { "*dōsō*": "future active, 1st person singular - I will give", "*terata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - wonders/marvels", "*ouranō*": "dative, masculine, singular - heaven", "*sēmeia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - signs", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*pyr*": "accusative, neuter, singular - fire", "*atmida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - vapor/mist", "*kapnou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - smoke" }, "variants": { "*dōsō*": "I will give/provide/grant", "*terata*": "wonders/marvels/portents", "*sēmeia*": "signs/indicators", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*atmida*": "vapor/mist/cloud" } } 20 { "verseID": "Acts.2.20", "source": "Ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος, καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα, πρὶν ἡ ἐλθεῖν τὴν ἡμέραν Κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ:", "text": "The *hēlios* *metastraphēsetai* into *skotos*, and the *selēnē* into *haima*, before the *elthein* the *hēmeran* of *Kyriou* the *megalēn* and *epiphanē*:", "grammar": { "*hēlios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sun", "*metastraphēsetai*": "future passive, 3rd person singular - will be turned/changed", "*skotos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - darkness", "*selēnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - moon", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*elthein*": "aorist active infinitive - to come", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*megalēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - great", "*epiphanē*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glorious/notable/manifest" }, "variants": { "*metastraphēsetai*": "will be turned/changed/transformed", "*skotos*": "darkness/gloom", "*elthein*": "to come/arrive", "*megalēn*": "great/large/mighty", "*epiphanē*": "glorious/notable/manifest/illustrious" } }
• Rev 6:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Revelation.6.12", "source": "Καὶ εἶδον ὅτε ἤνοιξεν τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἕκτην, καὶ, ἰδού, σεισμὸς μέγας ἐγένετο· καὶ ὁ ἥλιος ἐγένετο μέλας ὡς σάκκος τρίχινος, καὶ ἡ σελήνη ἐγένετο ὡς αἷμα·", "text": "And *eidon* when *ēnoixen* the *sphragida* the sixth, and, *idou*, *seismos* *megas* *egeneto*; and the *hēlios* *egeneto* *melas* as *sakkos* *trichinos*, and the *selēnē* *egeneto* as *haima*;", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist, 1st person singular - saw [point in time]", "*ēnoixen*": "aorist, 3rd person singular - opened [point in time]", "*sphragida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - seal", "*idou*": "aorist imperative - behold/look", "*seismos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - earthquake", "*megas*": "nominative, masculine, singular - great/large", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle, 3rd person singular - became/happened", "*hēlios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sun", "*melas*": "nominative, masculine, singular - black", "*sakkos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*trichinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - made of hair", "*selēnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - moon", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood" }, "variants": { "*sphragida*": "seal/signet", "*idou*": "behold/look/see", "*seismos*": "earthquake/shaking", "*megas*": "great/large/mighty", "*egeneto*": "became/happened/came to be", "*hēlios*": "sun/sunlight", "*melas*": "black/dark", "*sakkos*": "sackcloth/coarse cloth", "*trichinos*": "made of hair/hairy", "*selēnē*": "moon/moonlight", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed" } }
• Rev 8:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Revelation.8.12", "source": "Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν, καὶ ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου, καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῆς σελήνης, καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀστέρων· ἵνα σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν, καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φαίνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς, καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως.", "text": "And the fourth *angelos* *esalpisen*, and *eplēgē* the third of the *hēliou*, and the third of the *selēnēs*, and the third of the *asterōn*; that *skotisthē* the third of them, and the *hēmera* not *phainē* the third of it, and the *nyx* likewise.", "grammar": { "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*esalpisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - sounded the trumpet [completed action]", "*eplēgē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - was struck", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the sun", "*selēnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the moon", "*asterōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the stars", "*skotisthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be darkened", "*hēmera*": "nominative, feminine, singular - day", "*phainē*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd singular - might shine", "*nyx*": "nominative, feminine, singular - night" }, "variants": { "*angelos*": "angel/messenger", "*esalpisen*": "sounded the trumpet/blew the horn", "*eplēgē*": "was struck/was hit/was smitten", "*hēliou*": "sun/solar body", "*selēnēs*": "moon/lunar body", "*asterōn*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*skotisthē*": "might be darkened/might become dark", "*hēmera*": "day/daytime", "*phainē*": "might shine/might give light", "*nyx*": "night/nighttime" } }
• Rev 9:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Revelation.9.2", "source": "Καὶ ἤνοιξεν τὸ φρέαρ τῆς ἀβύσσου· καὶ ἀνέβη καπνὸς ἐκ τοῦ φρέατος, ὡς καπνὸς καμίνου μεγάλης· καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ὁ ἥλιος καὶ ὁ ἀὴρ ἐκ τοῦ καπνοῦ τοῦ φρέατος.", "text": "And *ēnoixen* the *phrear* of the *abyssou*; and *anebē* *kapnos* from the *phreatos*, as *kapnos* *kaminou* *megalēs*; and *eskotisthē* the *hēlios* and the *aēr* from the *kapnou* of the *phreatos*.", "grammar": { "*ēnoixen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - opened", "*phrear*": "accusative, neuter, singular - pit/shaft/well", "*abyssou*": "genitive, feminine, singular - abyss/bottomless pit", "*anebē*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - went up/ascended", "*kapnos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - smoke", "*phreatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - pit/shaft/well", "*kaminou*": "genitive, feminine, singular - furnace/oven", "*megalēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - great/large", "*eskotisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was darkened", "*hēlios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sun", "*aēr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - air/atmosphere", "*kapnou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - smoke" }, "variants": { "*anebē*": "went up/ascended/rose", "*kaminou*": "furnace/oven/kiln", "*eskotisthē*": "was darkened/obscured/dimmed" } }
• Ezek 46:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.46.1", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ שַׁ֜עַר הֶחָצֵ֤ר הַפְּנִימִית֙ הַפֹּנֶ֣ה קָדִ֔ים יִהְיֶ֣ה סָג֔וּר שֵׁ֖שֶׁת יְמֵ֣י הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֑ה וּבְי֤וֹם הַשַּׁבָּת֙ יִפָּתֵ֔חַ וּבְי֥וֹם הַחֹ֖דֶשׁ יִפָּתֵֽחַ׃", "text": "Thus *'āmar* *'ădōnāy* *YHWH*, *sha'ar* *heḥātzēr* *happənîmît* *happōneh* *qādîm* *yihyeh* *sāgûr* *shēshet* *yəmēy* *hamma'ăśeh*, and-in-*yôm* *hashshabbāt* *yippātēaḥ* and-in-*yôm* *haḥōdesh* *yippātēaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*'āmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*'ădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my lords/my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*sha'ar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - gate of", "*heḥātzēr*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the court", "*happənîmît*": "adjective, feminine singular + definite article - the inner", "*happōneh*": "participle, masculine singular + definite article - the facing", "*qādîm*": "noun, masculine singular - east", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*sāgûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - closed/shut", "*shēshet*": "numeral, feminine construct - six of", "*yəmēy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*hamma'ăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the work", "*ûbəyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and in day of", "*hashshabbāt*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the sabbath", "*yippātēaḥ*": "imperfect niphal, 3rd masculine singular - it will be opened", "*haḥōdesh*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the new moon/month" }, "variants": { "*'ădōnāy*": "Lord/master/sovereign", "*sha'ar*": "gate/entrance/portal", "*heḥātzēr*": "court/courtyard/enclosure", "*happənîmît*": "inner/interior/internal", "*qādîm*": "east/eastern direction", "*yihyeh*": "will be/shall be/is to be", "*sāgûr*": "closed/shut/sealed", "*hamma'ăśeh*": "work/labor/occupation", "*hashshabbāt*": "sabbath/seventh day/rest day", "*haḥōdesh*": "new moon/month/lunar cycle" } }
• Ezek 46:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.46.6", "source": "וּבְי֣וֹם הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ פַּ֥ר בֶּן־בָּקָ֖ר תְּמִימִ֑ם וְשֵׁ֧שֶׁת כְּבָשִׂ֛ם וָאַ֖יִל תְּמִימִ֥ם יִהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "And-in-*yôm* *haḥōdesh* *par* *ben*-*bāqār* *təmîmîm* and-*shēshet* *kəbāśîm* and-*'ayil* *təmîmîm* *yihyû*.", "grammar": { "*ûbəyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and in day of", "*haḥōdesh*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the new moon/month", "*par*": "noun, masculine singular - bull/young bull", "*ben-bāqār*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - son of herd/young bull", "*təmîmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - unblemished/whole/perfect", "*wəshēshet*": "conjunction + numeral, feminine construct - and six of", "*kəbāśîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lambs", "*wā'ayil*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and ram", "*təmîmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - unblemished/whole/perfect", "*yihyû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be" }, "variants": { "*haḥōdesh*": "new moon/month/lunar cycle", "*par*": "bull/young bull", "*ben-bāqār*": "young bull/bull calf/son of the herd", "*təmîmîm*": "unblemished/perfect/whole/without defect", "*kəbāśîm*": "lambs/young sheep", "*'ayil*": "ram/male sheep", "*yihyû*": "they will be/they shall be" } }
• Joel 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Joel.2.10", "source": "לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃", "text": "Before-*pānāyw* *rāgezâ* *ʾerets* *rāʿăshû* *shāmāyim* *shemesh* and-*yārēaḥ* *qādārû* and-*kôkhābîm* *ʾāsefû* *nāgehām*.", "grammar": { "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/his presence", "*rāgezâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - quakes/trembles", "*ʾerets*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*rāʿăshû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - shake/quake", "*shāmāyim*": "masculine dual noun - heavens/sky", "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun - sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - moon", "*qādārû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - become dark/become black", "*kôkhābîm*": "masculine plural noun - stars", "*ʾāsefû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - withdraw/gather in", "*nāgehām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brightness" }, "variants": { "*rāgezâ*": "quakes/trembles/is agitated", "*rāʿăshû*": "shake/quake/tremble", "*qādārû*": "become dark/become black/mourn", "*ʾāsefû*": "withdraw/gather in/take away" } }
• Jer 33:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.33.25", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־לֹ֥א בְרִיתִ֖י יוֹמָ֣ם וָלָ֑יְלָה חֻקּ֛וֹת שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָ֖רֶץ לֹא־שָֽׂמְתִּי׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* if not *ḇərîṯî* *yômām* *wālāyəlāh* *ḥuqqôṯ* *šāmayim* *wāʾāreṣ* not *śāmtî*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3ms - he said/says", "*ḇərîṯî*": "noun fs + 1s suffix - my covenant", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*wālāyəlāh*": "waw conjunction + noun ms - and night", "*ḥuqqôṯ*": "noun fp construct - ordinances of", "*šāmayim*": "noun mp - heavens", "*wāʾāreṣ*": "waw conjunction + noun fs - and earth", "*śāmtî*": "qal perfect 1s - I have appointed" }, "variants": { "*ḇərîṯî*": "my covenant/agreement/treaty", "*ḥuqqôṯ*": "ordinances/statutes/decrees", "*śāmtî*": "set/appointed/established" } }
• Mark 13:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Mark.13.24", "source": "¶Ἀλλʼ ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις, μετὰ τὴν θλῖψιν ἐκείνην, ὁ ἥλιος σκοτισθήσεται, καὶ ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φέγγος αὐτῆς,", "text": "But in those the *hēmerais*, after the *thlipsin* that, the *hēlios* *skotisthēsetai*, and the *selēnē* not *dōsei* the *phengos* of-her,", "grammar": { "*hēmerais*": "dative, feminine, plural - days", "*thlipsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - tribulation/affliction", "*hēlios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sun", "*skotisthēsetai*": "future, indicative, passive, 3rd singular - will be darkened", "*selēnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - moon", "*dōsei*": "future, indicative, active, 3rd singular - will give", "*phengos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - light/radiance" }, "variants": { "*hēmerais*": "days/times/periods", "*thlipsin*": "tribulation/affliction/distress", "*hēlios*": "sun/sunlight", "*skotisthēsetai*": "will be darkened/dimmed/obscured", "*selēnē*": "moon/lunar body", "*dōsei*": "will give/provide/grant", "*phengos*": "light/radiance/brightness" } }
• Amos 8:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Amos.8.9", "source": "וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה וְהֵבֵאתִ֥י הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ בַּֽצָּהֳרָ֑יִם וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֥י לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּי֥וֹם אֽוֹר׃", "text": "And *wəhāyâ* in the day the that *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* and *hēbēʾtî* the *šemeš* at the *ṣāhŏrāyim* and *haḥăšaktî* to the *ʾāreṣ* in day *ʾôr*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyâ*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be/happen", "*bayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord/master", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*hēbēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will cause to come/set", "*haššemeš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sun", "*baṣṣāhŏrāyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine dual - at noon", "*haḥăšaktî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will darken", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land/earth", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in day", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light" }, "variants": { "*wəhāyâ*": "and it will be/and it will happen/and it will come to pass", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*hēbēʾtî*": "I will cause to go down/I will set/I will bring", "*šemeš*": "sun", "*ṣāhŏrāyim*": "noon/midday", "*haḥăšaktî*": "I will darken/I will cause darkness", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight" } }
• Matt 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Matthew.2.2", "source": "Λέγοντες, Ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ τεχθεὶς Βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων; εἴδομεν γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐν τῇ ἀνατολῇ, καὶ ἤλθομεν προσκυνῆσαι αὐτῷ.", "text": "*Legontes*, Where *estin* the *techtheis Basileus* of the *Ioudaiōn*? *eidomen gar autou* the *astera* in the *anatolē*, and *ēlthomen proskynēsai autō*.", "grammar": { "*Legontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*techtheis*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having been born", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - king", "*Ioudaiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of Jews", "*eidomen*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person plural - we saw", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of him/his", "*astera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - star", "*anatolē*": "dative, feminine, singular - in the east/rising", "*ēlthomen*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person plural - we came", "*proskynēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to worship", "*autō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to him" }, "variants": { "*techtheis*": "born/delivered", "*anatolē*": "east/rising/emergence", "*proskynēsai*": "worship/prostrate/pay homage" } }
• Matt 16:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Matthew.16.2", "source": "Ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς, Ὀψίας γενομένης, λέγετε, Εὐδία: πυρράζει γὰρ ὁ οὐρανός.", "text": "He *de* *apokritheis* *eipen* to them, *Opsias* *genomenēs*, you say, *Eudia*: *pyrrazei* for the *ouranos*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*apokritheis*": "aorist passive participle, nominative singular masculine - having answered", "*eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he said", "*Opsias*": "genitive singular feminine - evening", "*genomenēs*": "aorist middle participle, genitive singular feminine - having come/become", "*Eudia*": "nominative singular feminine - fair weather", "*pyrrazei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is red/fiery", "*ouranos*": "nominative singular masculine - heaven/sky" }, "variants": { "*apokritheis*": "having answered/responded", "*Opsias genomenēs*": "when evening has come/at evening", "*Eudia*": "fair weather/clear sky", "*pyrrazei*": "is red/fiery/reddish", "*ouranos*": "heaven/sky" } } 3 { "verseID": "Matthew.16.3", "source": "Καὶ πρωΐ, Σήμερον χειμών: πυρράζει γὰρ στυγνάζων ὁ οὐρανός. Ὑποκριταί, τὸ μὲν πρόσωπον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ γινώσκετε διακρίνειν· τὰ δὲ σημεῖα τῶν καιρῶν οὐ δύνασθε;", "text": "And in *prōi*, Today *cheimōn*: *pyrrazei* for *stygnazon* the *ouranos*. *Hypokritai*, the *men* *prosōpon* of the *ouranos* you *ginōskete* *diakrinein*; the *de* *sēmeia* of the *kairōn* not you *dynasthe*?", "grammar": { "*prōi*": "adverb - early/in the morning", "*cheimōn*": "nominative singular masculine - storm/winter/bad weather", "*pyrrazei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is red/fiery", "*stygnazon*": "present active participle, nominative singular masculine - being gloomy/dark", "*ouranos*": "nominative singular masculine - heaven/sky", "*Hypokritai*": "vocative plural masculine - hypocrites", "*men*": "particle - on one hand (sets up contrast with *de*)", "*prosōpon*": "accusative singular neuter - face/appearance", "*ginōskete*": "present active indicative, 2nd person plural - you know", "*diakrinein*": "present active infinitive - to discern/judge", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and (contrast with *men*)", "*sēmeia*": "accusative plural neuter - signs", "*kairōn*": "genitive plural masculine - times/seasons/opportune moments", "*dynasthe*": "present middle/passive indicative, 2nd person plural - you are able" }, "variants": { "*cheimōn*": "stormy weather/winter/tempest", "*stygnazon*": "gloomy/dark/threatening", "*Hypokritai*": "hypocrites/pretenders/actors", "*prosōpon*": "face/appearance/countenance", "*diakrinein*": "to discern/judge/distinguish", "*kairōn*": "times/seasons/opportune moments", "*dynasthe*": "you are able/can/have power" } }
• Gen 8:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Genesis.8.22", "source": "עֹ֖ד כָּל־יְמֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ זֶ֡רַע וְ֠קָצִיר וְקֹ֨ר וָחֹ֜ם וְקַ֧יִץ וָחֹ֛רֶף וְי֥וֹם וָלַ֖יְלָה לֹ֥א יִשְׁבֹּֽתוּ", "text": "Yet all-*yəmê* the-*ʾereṣ*, *zeraʿ* and-*qāṣîr* and-*qōr* and-*ḥōm* and-*qayiṣ* and-*ḥōrep* and-*yôm* and-*laylâ* not *yišbōtû*", "grammar": { "*yəmê*": "masculine plural construct - days of", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular noun - seed/sowing", "*qāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - harvest/reaping", "*qōr*": "masculine singular noun - cold", "*ḥōm*": "masculine singular noun - heat", "*qayiṣ*": "masculine singular noun - summer", "*ḥōrep*": "masculine singular noun - winter", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*laylâ*": "masculine singular noun - night", "*yišbōtû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with negative particle - they will not cease" }, "variants": { "*zeraʿ*": "seed/sowing/seedtime", "*qāṣîr*": "harvest/reaping/harvesttime", "*qōr*": "cold/coldness", "*ḥōm*": "heat/warmth", "*qayiṣ*": "summer/summer fruit season", "*ḥōrep*": "winter/autumn", "*yišbōtû*": "cease/desist/rest" } }
• Gen 9:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Genesis.9.13", "source": "אֶת־קַשְׁתִּ֕י נָתַ֖תִּי בֶּֽעָנָ֑ן וְהָֽיְתָה֙ לְא֣וֹת בְּרִ֔ית בֵּינִ֖י וּבֵ֥ין הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ʾet*-*qaštî* *nātattî* in-*heʿānān* and-*hāyĕtāh* for-*ʾôt* *bĕrît* between-me and-between *hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*qaštî*": "noun, feminine, singular + 1st person singular possessive suffix - my bow", "*nātattî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I have given/placed", "*beʿānān*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - in the cloud", "*hāyĕtāh*": "perfect, 3rd singular feminine with waw-consecutive - and it will be", "*ʾôt*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct state - sign of", "*bĕrît*": "noun, feminine, singular - covenant", "*bênî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - between me", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular + definite article - the earth" }, "variants": { "*qaštî*": "my bow/my rainbow/my arch", "*nātattî*": "I have given/I have placed/I have set", "*heʿānān*": "the cloud/the clouds", "*ʾôt*": "sign/token/mark", "*bĕrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/world" } }
• Job 3:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Job.3.9", "source": "יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮ כּוֹכְבֵ֢י נִ֫שְׁפּ֥וֹ יְקַו־לְא֥וֹר וָאַ֑יִן וְאַל־יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה בְּעַפְעַפֵּי־שָֽׁחַר׃", "text": "*yeḥšəkû kôkəbê nišpô yəqaw-ləʾôr wāʾāyin wəʾal-yirʾeh bəʿapʿappê-šāḥar*", "grammar": { "*yeḥšəkû*": "verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine plural - let them grow dark", "*kôkəbê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - stars of", "*nišpô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its twilight", "*yəqaw-ləʾôr*": "verb, Piel imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + noun - let it wait for light", "*wāʾāyin*": "conjunction + particle of negation - but there is none", "*wəʾal-yirʾeh*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and let it not see", "*bəʿapʿappê-šāḥar*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + noun - in the eyelids of dawn" }, "variants": { "*yeḥšəkû*": "grow dark/be darkened/become black", "*kôkəbê*": "stars of/constellations of", "*nišpô*": "its twilight/its dusk", "*yəqaw*": "wait for/hope for/look for", "*wāʾāyin*": "but there is none/but it is not", "*yirʾeh*": "see/look upon/perceive", "*ʿapʿappê-šāḥar*": "eyelids of dawn/rays of morning" } }
• Job 25:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Job.25.3", "source": "הֲיֵ֣שׁ מִ֭סְפָּר לִגְדוּדָ֑יו וְעַל־מִ֝֗י לֹא־יָק֥וּם אוֹרֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*hă-yēš mispār ligdūdāyw wə-ʿal-mī lōʾ-yāqūm ʾōrēhū*", "grammar": { "*hă-yēš*": "interrogative particle + existential particle - is there?", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number/count", "*ligdūdāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his troops", "*wə-ʿal-mī*": "conjunction + preposition + interrogative pronoun - and upon whom", "*lōʾ-yāqūm*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does not arise", "*ʾōrēhū*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his light" }, "variants": { "*mispār*": "number, count, limit", "*gdūdāyw*": "troops, bands, raiders", "*yāqūm*": "to arise, stand, be established", "*ʾōrēhū*": "his light, illumination, radiance" } }
• Job 25:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Job.25.5", "source": "הֵ֣ן עַד־יָ֭רֵחַ וְלֹ֣א יַאֲהִ֑יל וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים לֹא־זַכּ֥וּ בְעֵינָֽיו׃", "text": "*hēn ʿad-yārēaḥ wə-lōʾ yaʾăhīl wə-kōkābīm lōʾ-zakkū bəʿēnāyw*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʿad-yārēaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - even the moon", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yaʾăhīl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shines/is bright", "*wə-kōkābīm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and stars", "*lōʾ-zakkū*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - are not pure", "*bəʿēnāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his eyes" }, "variants": { "*hēn*": "behold, look, see", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon", "*yaʾăhīl*": "to shine, be bright, illuminate", "*kōkābīm*": "stars, celestial bodies", "*zakkū*": "to be pure, clean, bright", "*ʿēnāyw*": "eyes, sight, presence" } }
• Ps 119:91 : 91 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.91", "source": "לְֽ֭מִשְׁפָּטֶיךָ עָמְד֣וּ הַיּ֑וֹם כִּ֖י הַכֹּ֣ל עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "For your judgments *ləmišpāṭêḵā* they stand *ʿāmḏû* this day *hayyôm*; for *kî* all things *hakkōl* are your servants *ʿăḇāḏêḵā*.", "grammar": { "*ləmišpāṭêḵā*": "preposition + masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for your judgments", "*ʿāmḏû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they stand/have stood", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - this day/today", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hakkōl*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the all/everything", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants" }, "variants": { "*ləmišpāṭêḵā*": "for your judgments/according to your ordinances/by your laws", "*ʿāmḏû*": "they stand/they continue/they persist", "*hayyôm*": "this day/today/at present", "*hakkōl*": "all things/everything/the whole universe", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "your servants/your slaves" } }
• Ps 81:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.81.3", "source": "שְֽׂאוּ־זִ֭מְרָה וּתְנוּ־תֹ֑ף כִּנּ֖וֹר נָעִ֣ים עִם־נָֽבֶל׃", "text": "*śəʾû*-*zimrâ* *ûtənû*-*tōp̄*, *kinnôr* *nāʿîm* with-*nābel*", "grammar": { "*śəʾû*": "qal imperative plural - 'raise/lift up'", "*zimrâ*": "feminine singular noun - 'psalm/song/melody'", "*ûtənû*": "qal imperative plural with prefixed conjunction waw - 'and give/sound'", "*tōp̄*": "masculine singular noun - 'timbrel/tambourine'", "*kinnôr*": "masculine singular noun - 'lyre/harp'", "*nāʿîm*": "masculine singular adjective - 'pleasant/sweet'", "*nābel*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition 'im - 'with the harp/psaltery'" }, "variants": { "*śəʾû*": "lift up/raise/carry", "*zimrâ*": "psalm/song/melody/music", "*tōp̄*": "timbrel/tambourine/drum", "*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument", "*nāʿîm*": "pleasant/sweet/delightful", "*nābel*": "harp/lute/psaltery (stringed instrument)" } }
• Ps 19:1-6 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To-the-*mənaṣṣēaḥ* *mizmôr* to-*dāwid*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "prefixed with lamed (to/for) - noun, masculine, singular, construct - choirmaster/director", "*mizmôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - psalm/song", "*dāwid*": "prefixed with lamed (to/for) - proper noun, masculine - David" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "choirmaster/conductor/director of music/chief musician", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melodious song/musical composition", "*dāwid*": "David (proper name)" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.2", "source": "הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם מְֽסַפְּרִ֥ים כְּבֽוֹד־אֵ֑ל וּֽמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָ֝דָ֗יו מַגִּ֥יד הָרָקִֽיעַ׃", "text": "The-*šāmayim* *məsappərîm* *kəḇôd*-*ʾēl* and-*maʿăśēh* *yādāyw* *maggid* the-*rāqîaʿ*", "grammar": { "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute with definite article - heavens", "*məsappərîm*": "verb, piel participle, masculine, plural - telling/declaring/recounting", "*kəḇôd*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - glory/honor", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - God/deity", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - work/deed", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine, dual, construct with 3ms suffix - his hands", "*maggid*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine, singular - declaring/telling/proclaiming", "*rāqîaʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - firmament/expanse" }, "variants": { "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*məsappərîm*": "declare/tell/recount/proclaim", "*kəḇôd*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*ʾēl*": "God/Mighty One", "*maʿăśēh*": "work/deed/action/labor", "*yādāyw*": "his hands", "*maggid*": "declares/tells/proclaims/shows", "*rāqîaʿ*": "firmament/expanse/dome/vault (of heaven)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.3", "source": "י֣וֹם לְ֭יוֹם יַבִּ֣יעַֽ אֹ֑מֶר וְלַ֥יְלָה לְּ֝לַ֗יְלָה יְחַוֶּה־דָּֽעַת׃", "text": "*yôm* to-*yôm* *yabbîaʿ* *ʾōmer* and-*laylāh* to-*laylāh* *yəḥawweh*-*dāʿat*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - day", "*yabbîaʿ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3ms - pours out/utters", "*ʾōmer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - speech/word/saying", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - night", "*yəḥawweh*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3ms - declares/reveals", "*dāʿat*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - knowledge" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day", "*yabbîaʿ*": "pours out/utters/gushes forth/bubbles over", "*ʾōmer*": "speech/word/saying/utterance", "*laylāh*": "night", "*yəḥawweh*": "reveals/declares/shows/tells", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/wisdom" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.4", "source": "אֵֽין־אֹ֭מֶר וְאֵ֣ין דְּבָרִ֑ים בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾēyn*-*ʾōmer* and-*ʾēyn* *dəḇārîm* *bəlî* *nišmāʿ* *qôlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not/no", "*ʾōmer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - speech/saying", "*dəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - words/things", "*bəlî*": "preposition - without", "*nišmāʿ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine, singular - being heard", "*qôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mp suffix - their voice" }, "variants": { "*ʾēyn*": "there is not/no/without", "*ʾōmer*": "speech/saying/utterance", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*bəlî*": "without/lacking", "*nišmāʿ*": "is heard/being heard", "*qôlām*": "their voice/sound" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.5", "source": "בְּכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ ׀ יָ֘צָ֤א קַוָּ֗ם וּבִקְצֵ֣ה תֵ֭בֵל מִלֵּיהֶ֑ם לַ֝שֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ שָֽׂם־אֹ֥הֶל בָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "In-all-the-*ʾāreṣ* *yāṣāʾ* *qawwām* and-in-*qəṣēh* *tēḇēl* *millêhem* to-the-*šemeš* *śām*-*ʾōhel* in-them", "grammar": { "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute with definite article - earth/land", "*yāṣāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3ms - goes out/has gone out", "*qawwām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mp suffix - their line/measuring line", "*qəṣēh*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - end of", "*tēḇēl*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - world/inhabited world", "*millêhem*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct with 3mp suffix - their words", "*šemeš*": "noun, common, singular, absolute with definite article - sun", "*śām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3ms - placed/set", "*ʾōhel*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - tent" }, "variants": { "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*yāṣāʾ*": "goes out/proceeds/extends", "*qawwām*": "their line/cord/measuring line/sound", "*qəṣēh*": "end/extremity/border", "*tēḇēl*": "world/inhabited part/habitable land", "*millêhem*": "their words/utterances/matters", "*šemeš*": "sun", "*śām*": "set/placed/established", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/tabernacle" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.6", "source": "וְה֗וּא כְּ֭חָתָן יֹצֵ֣א מֵחֻפָּת֑וֹ יָשִׂ֥ישׂ כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר לָר֥וּץ אֹֽרַח׃", "text": "And-he like-*ḥātān* *yōṣēʾ* from-*ḥuppātô* *yāśîś* like-*gibbôr* to-*rûṣ* *ʾōraḥ*", "grammar": { "*ḥātān*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - bridegroom", "*yōṣēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine, singular - going out/emerging", "*ḥuppātô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3ms suffix - his canopy/chamber", "*yāśîś*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3ms - rejoices", "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - mighty man/warrior", "*rûṣ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to run", "*ʾōraḥ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - path/way" }, "variants": { "*ḥātān*": "bridegroom/son-in-law", "*yōṣēʾ*": "going out/coming forth/emerging", "*ḥuppātô*": "his canopy/chamber/bridal chamber", "*yāśîś*": "rejoices/is glad/exults", "*gibbôr*": "strong man/warrior/hero/champion", "*rûṣ*": "to run/dash/race", "*ʾōraḥ*": "path/way/road/journey" } }