Gen 19:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.1",
"source": "וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הַמַּלְאָכִ֤ים סְדֹ֙מָה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְל֖וֹט יֹשֵׁ֣ב בְּשַֽׁעַר־סְדֹ֑ם וַיַּרְא־לוֹט֙ וַיָּ֣קָם לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּשְׁתַּ֥חוּ אַפַּ֖יִם אָֽרְצָה׃",
"text": "*wə-yābōʾû* two *ham-malʾāḵîm* *Sᵊdōmâ* in-the-*ʿereḇ* *wə-Lôṭ* *yōšēḇ* in-*šaʿar*-*Sᵊdōm* *wa-yar*ʾ-*Lôṭ* *wa-yāqom* to-*qirʾāṯām* *wa-yištaḥû* *ʾappayim* *ʾārṣâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they came",
"*ham-malʾāḵîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the messengers/angels",
"*Sᵊdōmâ*": "proper noun + directional he suffix - to Sodom",
"*ʿereḇ*": "noun masculine singular - evening",
"*wə-Lôṭ*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Lot",
"*yōšēḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - sitting/dwelling",
"*šaʿar*": "noun masculine singular construct - gate of",
"*wa-yarʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw",
"*wa-yāqom*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he arose",
"*qirʾāṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to meet them",
"*wa-yištaḥû*": "waw consecutive + Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he bowed down",
"*ʾappayim*": "noun dual - two faces/nostrils",
"*ʾārṣâ*": "noun feminine singular + directional he suffix - to the ground"
},
"variants": {
"*malʾāḵîm*": "messengers/angels/emissaries",
"*yōšēḇ*": "sitting/dwelling/remaining",
"*ʾappayim*": "face/nostrils/anger",
"*šaʿar*": "gate/entrance/city council location"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.2",
"source": "וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֶּ֣ה נָּא־אֲדֹנַ֗י ס֣וּרוּ נָ֠א אֶל־בֵּ֨ית עַבְדְּכֶ֤ם וְלִ֙ינוּ֙ וְרַחֲצ֣וּ רַגְלֵיכֶ֔ם וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֖ם וַהֲלַכְתֶּ֣ם לְדַרְכְּכֶ֑ם וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לֹּ֔א כִּ֥י בָרְח֖וֹב נָלִֽין׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *hinnêh* *nā*-*ʾăḏōnay* *sûrû* *nāʾ* to-*bêṯ* *ʿaḇdᵊḵem* *wə-lînû* *wə-raḥăṣû* *raḡlêḵem* *wə-hiškamtem* *wa-hălaḵtem* to-*darḵᵊḵem* *wa-yōʾmᵊrû* no, because in-the-*rᵊḥōḇ* *nālîn*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*nā*": "particle of entreaty - please/now",
"*ʾăḏōnay*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix used as honorific - my lords",
"*sûrû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - turn aside",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*bêṯ*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʿaḇdᵊḵem*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your servant",
"*wə-lînû*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and lodge/spend the night",
"*wə-raḥăṣû*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and wash",
"*raḡlêḵem*": "noun feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your feet",
"*wə-hiškamtem*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall rise early",
"*wa-hălaḵtem*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you shall go",
"*darḵᵊḵem*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your way",
"*wa-yōʾmᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*rᵊḥōḇ*": "noun feminine singular - wide place/street/square",
"*nālîn*": "Qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will lodge/spend the night"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăḏōnay*": "my lords/my master (honorific plural)",
"*sûrû*": "turn aside/deviate/visit",
"*lînû*": "lodge/spend the night/rest",
"*hiškamtem*": "rise early/begin early/depart early",
"*rᵊḥōḇ*": "open square/broad street/plaza"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.3",
"source": "וַיִּפְצַר־בָּ֣ם מְאֹ֔ד וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ אֵלָ֔יו וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לָהֶם֙ מִשְׁתֶּ֔ה וּמַצּ֥וֹת אָפָ֖ה וַיֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yipṣar*-*bām* *mᵊʾōḏ* *wa-yāsurû* to-him *wa-yāḇōʾû* to-*bêṯô* *wa-yaʿas* to-them *mišteh* *û-maṣṣôṯ* *ʾāpâ* *wa-yōʾḵēlû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yipṣar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he urged/pressed",
"*bām*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - on them",
"*mᵊʾōḏ*": "adverb - very much/greatly",
"*wa-yāsurû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they turned aside",
"*wa-yāḇōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they came",
"*bêṯô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house",
"*wa-yaʿas*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he made",
"*mišteh*": "noun masculine singular - feast/banquet",
"*û-maṣṣôṯ*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine plural - and unleavened bread",
"*ʾāpâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he baked",
"*wa-yōʾḵēlû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they ate"
},
"variants": {
"*yipṣar*": "urged strongly/pressed/insisted",
"*mišteh*": "feast/drinking party/banquet",
"*maṣṣôṯ*": "unleavened bread/flatbread"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.4",
"source": "טֶרֶם֮ יִשְׁכָּבוּ֒ וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֤י סְדֹם֙ נָסַ֣בּוּ עַל־הַבַּ֔יִת מִנַּ֖עַר וְעַד־זָקֵ֑ן כָּל־הָעָ֖ם מִקָּצֶֽה׃",
"text": "*ṭerem* *yiškāḇû* *wə-ʾanšê* the-*ʿîr* *ʾanšê* *Sᵊḏōm* *nāsabbû* on-the-*bayiṯ* from-*naʿar* and-until-*zāqēn* all-the-*ʿām* from-*qāṣeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṭerem*": "adverb - not yet/before",
"*yiškāḇû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they would lie down",
"*wə-ʾanšê*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine plural construct - and men of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of",
"*Sᵊḏōm*": "proper noun - Sodom",
"*nāsabbû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - surrounded",
"*bayiṯ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the house",
"*naʿar*": "noun masculine singular - young man/boy",
"*zāqēn*": "adjective masculine singular - old/elder",
"*ʿām*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*qāṣeh*": "noun masculine singular - end/extremity"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭerem*": "before/not yet/ere",
"*nāsabbû*": "surrounded/encircled/came around",
"*naʿar*": "young man/youth/servant",
"*qāṣeh*": "end/extremity/from every quarter"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.5",
"source": "וַיִּקְרְא֤וּ אֶל־לוֹט֙ וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֔וֹ אַיֵּ֧ה הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥אוּ אֵלֶ֖יךָ הַלָּ֑יְלָה הוֹצִיאֵ֣ם אֵלֵ֔ינוּ וְנֵדְעָ֖ה אֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yiqrᵊʾû* to-*Lôṭ* *wa-yōʾmᵊrû* to-him, where the-*ʾănāšîm* who-*bāʾû* to-you the-*lāylâ*? *hôṣîʾēm* to-us *wə-nēḏᵊʿâ* *ʾōṯām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiqrᵊʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they called",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*wa-yōʾmᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came",
"*lāylâ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the night",
"*hôṣîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - bring them out",
"*wə-nēḏᵊʿâ*": "waw conjunction + Qal cohortative 1st person plural - and let us know",
"*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them"
},
"variants": {
"*nēḏᵊʿâ*": "know/experience/have sexual relations with",
"*hôṣîʾēm*": "bring out/lead out/produce"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.6",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֧א אֲלֵהֶ֛ם ל֖וֹט הַפֶּ֑תְחָה וְהַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגַ֥ר אַחֲרָֽיו׃",
"text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* to-them *Lôṭ* the-*peṯḥâ* *wə-had-deleṯ* *sāḡar* *ʾaḥărāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*peṯḥâ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article + directional he suffix - to the entrance",
"*wə-had-deleṯ*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun feminine singular - and the door",
"*sāḡar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he closed",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - behind him"
},
"variants": {
"*peṯḥâ*": "entrance/doorway/gateway"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.7",
"source": "וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אַל־נָ֥א אַחַ֖י תָּרֵֽעוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmar* not-*nāʾ* *ʾaḥay* *tārēʿû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now",
"*ʾaḥay*": "noun masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my brothers",
"*tārēʿû*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do evil/act wickedly"
},
"variants": {
"*tārēʿû*": "do evil/act wickedly/do harm",
"*ʾaḥay*": "my brothers/my friends/my fellows"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.8",
"source": "הִנֵּה־נָ֨א לִ֜י שְׁתֵּ֣י בָנ֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֤ר לֹֽא־יָדְעוּ֙ אִ֔ישׁ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אֶתְהֶן֙ אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ן כַּטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם רַ֠ק לָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים הָאֵל֙ אַל־תַּעֲשׂ֣וּ דָבָ֔ר כִּֽי־עַל־כֵּ֥ן בָּ֖אוּ בְּצֵ֥ל קֹרָתִֽי׃",
"text": "*hinnêh*-*nāʾ* to-me two *ḇānôṯ* who not-*yāḏᵊʿû* *ʾîš* *ʾôṣîʾâ*-*nāʾ* *ʾeṯhen* to-you *wa-ʿăsû* to-them like-the-*ṭôḇ* in-*ʿênêḵem* only to-the-*ʾănāšîm* these not-*taʿăsû* *ḏāḇār* because-on-*kēn* *bāʾû* in-*ṣēl* *qōrāṯî*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now",
"*ḇānôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - daughters of",
"*yāḏᵊʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have known",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man",
"*ʾôṣîʾâ*": "Hiphil cohortative 1st person singular - let me bring out",
"*ʾeṯhen*": "direct object marker + 3rd person feminine plural suffix - them",
"*wa-ʿăsû*": "waw conjunction + Qal imperative masculine plural - and do",
"*ṭôḇ*": "adjective masculine singular with definite article - the good",
"*ʿênêḵem*": "noun feminine dual construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your eyes",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*taʿăsû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do",
"*ḏāḇār*": "noun masculine singular - word/thing/matter",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/therefore/so",
"*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came",
"*ṣēl*": "noun masculine singular construct - shadow of",
"*qōrāṯî*": "noun feminine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my beam/roof"
},
"variants": {
"*yāḏᵊʿû*": "known/experienced/had sexual relations with",
"*ṭôḇ*": "good/pleasing/appropriate",
"*ṣēl*": "shadow/protection/shelter",
"*qōrāṯî*": "my roof beam/my roof/my shelter"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.9",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ ׀ גֶּשׁ־הָ֗לְאָה וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ הָאֶחָ֤ד בָּֽא־לָגוּר֙ וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֣ט שָׁפ֔וֹט עַתָּ֕ה נָרַ֥ע לְךָ֖ מֵהֶ֑ם וַיִּפְצְר֨וּ בָאִ֤ישׁ בְּלוֹט֙ מְאֹ֔ד וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֖וּ לִשְׁבֹּ֥ר הַדָּֽלֶת׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmᵊrû* *geš*-*hālᵊʾâ* *wa-yōʾmᵊrû* the-*ʾeḥāḏ* *bāʾ*-*lāḡûr* *wa-yišpōṭ* *šāpôṭ* now *nāraʿ* to-you from-them *wa-yipṣᵊrû* in-the-*ʾîš* in-*Lôṭ* *mᵊʾōḏ* *wa-yiggᵊšû* to-*šibbōr* the-*dāleṯ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*geš*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - come near/approach",
"*hālᵊʾâ*": "adverb + directional he suffix - further/beyond/away",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "numeral masculine singular with definite article - the one",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he came",
"*lāḡûr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to sojourn",
"*wa-yišpōṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he judges",
"*šāpôṭ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - judging",
"*nāraʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person plural - we will do evil/harm",
"*wa-yipṣᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they pressed hard",
"*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*mᵊʾōḏ*": "adverb - very much/greatly",
"*wa-yiggᵊšû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they approached",
"*šibbōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - to break",
"*dāleṯ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the door"
},
"variants": {
"*geš-hālᵊʾâ*": "stand back/get away/move aside",
"*yišpōṭ šāpôṭ*": "surely judges/intends to judge/acting as judge",
"*nāraʿ*": "do harm/act wickedly toward/mistreat"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.10",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלְח֤וּ הֽ͏ָאֲנָשִׁים֙ אֶת־יָדָ֔ם וַיָּבִ֧יאוּ אֶת־ל֛וֹט אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַבָּ֑יְתָה וְאֶת־הַדֶּ֖לֶת סָגָֽרוּ׃",
"text": "*wa-yišlᵊḥû* the-*ʾănāšîm* *ʾeṯ*-*yāḏām* *wa-yāḇîʾû* *ʾeṯ*-*Lôṭ* to-them the-*baytâ* *wə-ʾeṯ*-the-*deleṯ* *sāḡārû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yišlᵊḥû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they stretched out",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*yāḏām*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hand",
"*wa-yāḇîʾû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they brought",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*baytâ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article + directional he suffix - into the house",
"*wə-ʾeṯ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*deleṯ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the door",
"*sāḡārû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they closed"
},
"variants": {
"*yišlᵊḥû*": "stretched out/sent forth/extended"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.11",
"source": "וְֽאֶת־הָאֲנָשִׁ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֗יִת הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים מִקָּטֹ֖ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּלְא֖וּ לִמְצֹ֥א הַפָּֽתַח׃",
"text": "*wə-ʾeṯ*-the-*ʾănāšîm* who-*peṯaḥ* the-*bayiṯ* *hikkû* with-the-*sanwērîm* from-*qāṭōn* and-until-*gāḏôl* *wa-yilʾû* to-*miṣōʾ* the-*pāṯaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾeṯ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*peṯaḥ*": "noun masculine singular construct - entrance of",
"*bayiṯ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the house",
"*hikkû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - they struck",
"*sanwērîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - blindness",
"*qāṭōn*": "adjective masculine singular - small/young",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/old",
"*wa-yilʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they wearied themselves",
"*miṣōʾ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to find",
"*pāṯaḥ*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the entrance"
},
"variants": {
"*sanwērîm*": "blindness/confusion/mental blindness",
"*yilʾû*": "became weary/struggled in vain/were exhausted"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.12",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים אֶל־ל֗וֹט עֹ֚ד מִֽי־לְךָ֣ פֹ֔ה חָתָן֙ וּבָנֶ֣יךָ וּבְנֹתֶ֔יךָ וְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־לְךָ֖ בָּעִ֑יר הוֹצֵ֖א מִן־הַמָּקֽוֹם׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmᵊrû* the-*ʾănāšîm* to-*Lôṭ* yet who-to-you here *ḥāṯān* *û-ḇāneḵā* *û-ḇᵊnōṯeḵā* and-all who-to-you in-the-*ʿîr*; *hôṣēʾ* from-the-*māqôm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmᵊrû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*ḥāṯān*": "noun masculine singular - son-in-law",
"*û-ḇāneḵā*": "waw conjunction + noun masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your sons",
"*û-ḇᵊnōṯeḵā*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your daughters",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*hôṣēʾ*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - bring out",
"*māqôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the place"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥāṯān*": "son-in-law/bridegroom/related by marriage"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.13",
"source": "כִּֽי־מַשְׁחִתִ֣ים אֲנַ֔חְנוּ אֶת־הַמָּק֖וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־גֽ͏ָדְלָ֤ה צַעֲקָתָם֙ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַיְשַׁלְּחֵ֥נוּ יְהוָ֖ה לְשַׁחֲתָֽהּ׃",
"text": "Because-*mašḥiṯîm* we *ʾeṯ*-the-*māqôm* this because-*ḡāḏᵊlâ* *ṣaʿăqāṯām* *ʾeṯ*-face *Yhwh* *wa-yᵊšallᵊḥēnû* *Yhwh* to-*šaḥăṯāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*mašḥiṯîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - destroying",
"*māqôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the place",
"*ḡāḏᵊlâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - has grown great",
"*ṣaʿăqāṯām*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their outcry",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH/LORD",
"*wa-yᵊšallᵊḥēnû*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - and he has sent us",
"*šaḥăṯāh*": "Piel infinitive construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to destroy it"
},
"variants": {
"*mašḥiṯîm*": "destroying/bringing ruin/corrupting",
"*ṣaʿăqāṯām*": "their outcry/their cry for help/their complaint"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.14",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֨א ל֜וֹט וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר ׀ אֶל־חֲתָנָ֣יו ׀ לֹקְחֵ֣י בְנֹתָ֗יו וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ ק֤וּמוּ צְּאוּ֙ מִן־הַמָּק֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־מַשְׁחִ֥ית יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָעִ֑יר וַיְהִ֥י כִמְצַחֵ֖ק בְּעֵינֵ֥י חֲתָנָֽיו׃",
"text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* *Lôṭ* *wa-yᵊḏabbēr* to-*ḥăṯānāyw* *lōqᵊḥê* *ḇᵊnōṯāyw* *wa-yōʾmer* *qûmû* *ṣᵊʾû* from-the-*māqôm* this because-*mašḥîṯ* *Yhwh* *ʾeṯ*-the-*ʿîr* *wa-yᵊhî* like-*mᵊṣaḥēq* in-*ʿênê* *ḥăṯānāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*wa-yᵊḏabbēr*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he spoke",
"*ḥăṯānāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons-in-law",
"*lōqᵊḥê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - takers of",
"*ḇᵊnōṯāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his daughters",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*qûmû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - arise",
"*ṣᵊʾû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - go out",
"*māqôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the place",
"*mašḥîṯ*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - destroying",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH/LORD",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*wa-yᵊhî*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he was",
"*mᵊṣaḥēq*": "Piel participle masculine singular - one who jokes",
"*ʿênê*": "noun feminine dual construct - eyes of",
"*ḥăṯānāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons-in-law"
},
"variants": {
"*lōqᵊḥê* *ḇᵊnōṯāyw*": "who were to marry his daughters/who had taken his daughters/husbands of his daughters",
"*mᵊṣaḥēq*": "joking/mocking/jesting"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.15",
"source": "וּכְמוֹ֙ הַשַּׁ֣חַר עָלָ֔ה וַיָּאִ֥יצוּ הַמַּלְאָכִ֖ים בְּל֣וֹט לֵאמֹ֑ר קוּם֩ קַ֨ח אֶֽת־אִשְׁתְּךָ֜ וְאֶת־שְׁתֵּ֤י בְנֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ הַנִּמְצָאֹ֔ת פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶ֖ה בַּעֲוֺ֥ן הָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "And-as the-*šaḥar* *ʿālâ* *wa-yāʾîṣû* the-*malʾāḵîm* in-*Lôṭ* to-*lēʾmōr* *qûm* *qaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾištᵊḵā* *wə-ʾeṯ*-two *ḇᵊnōṯeḵā* the-*nimṣāʾōṯ* lest-*tissāpeh* in-*ʿăvōn* the-*ʿîr*.",
"grammar": {
"*šaḥar*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the dawn",
"*ʿālâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it came up",
"*wa-yāʾîṣû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they urged",
"*malʾāḵîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the angels/messengers",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*qûm*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - arise",
"*qaḥ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - take",
"*ʾištᵊḵā*": "noun feminine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your wife",
"*ḇᵊnōṯeḵā*": "noun feminine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your daughters",
"*nimṣāʾōṯ*": "Niphal participle feminine plural with definite article - the ones being found",
"*tissāpeh*": "Niphal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you be swept away",
"*ʿăvōn*": "noun masculine singular construct - iniquity of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the city"
},
"variants": {
"*yāʾîṣû*": "urged/hastened/pressed",
"*nimṣāʾōṯ*": "being found/present/at hand",
"*tissāpeh*": "be swept away/be destroyed/perish",
"*ʿăvōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.16",
"source": "וֽ͏ַיִּתְמַהְמָ֓הּ ׀ וַיַּחֲזִ֨קוּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים בְּיָד֣וֹ וּבְיַד־אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ וּבְיַד֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י בְנֹתָ֔יו בְּחֶמְלַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו וַיֹּצִאֻ֥הוּ וַיַּנִּחֻ֖הוּ מִח֥וּץ לָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "wə-*yitmahməhāh* and *yaḥaziqu* the *ʾanāšîm* in *yad*-his and in *yad*-*ʾištô* and in *yad* *štêy bənōtāyw* in *ḥemlat YHWH* upon-him and *yōṣiʾuhu* and *yanniḥuhū* from outside to-the-*ʿîr*",
"grammar": {
"*yitmahməhāh*": "Hitpael imperfect 3rd singular masculine - he lingered/delayed/hesitated",
"*yaḥaziqu*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd plural - they seized/took hold",
"*ʾanāšîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the men",
"*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*ʾištô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his wife",
"*štêy bənōtāyw*": "construct state 'two of' with feminine plural noun and 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his two daughters",
"*ḥemlat*": "construct state feminine singular - compassion/mercy of",
"YHWH": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*yōṣiʾuhu*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they brought him out",
"*yanniḥuhū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they set/placed him",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city"
},
"variants": {
"*yitmahməhāh*": "lingered/delayed/hesitated/tarried",
"*yaḥaziqu*": "seized/took hold/grasped firmly",
"*ḥemlat*": "compassion/mercy/pity",
"*yōṣiʾuhu*": "brought him out/led him out/caused him to go out",
"*yanniḥuhū*": "set him/placed him/left him/deposited him"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.17",
"source": "וַיְהִי֩ כְהוֹצִיאָ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם הַח֗וּצָה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט עַל־נַפְשֶׁ֔ךָ אַל־תַּבִּ֣יט אַחֲרֶ֔יךָ וְאַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֖ד בְּכָל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר הָהָ֥רָה הִמָּלֵ֖ט פֶּן־תִּסָּפֶֽה׃",
"text": "wə-*yəhî* when-*hôṣîʾām* *ʾōtām* the-*ḥûṣâ* wə-*yōʾmer* *himālêṭ* upon-*nepeš*-your *ʾal*-*tabbiṭ* *ʾaḥareykā* wə-*ʾal*-*taʿamōd* in-all-the-*kikār* to-the-*hārâ* *himālêṭ* lest-*tissāpeh*",
"grammar": {
"*yəhî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated form - it happened/came to pass",
"*hôṣîʾām*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd plural suffix - their bringing out",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd plural suffix - them",
"*ḥûṣâ*": "noun with directional suffix - outside/outward",
"*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*himālêṭ*": "Niphal imperative masculine singular - escape/flee",
"*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your life/soul",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive/imperative - do not",
"*tabbiṭ*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you look",
"*ʾaḥareykā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - behind you",
"*taʿamōd*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you stand/stay",
"*kikār*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the plain/valley/circle",
"*hārâ*": "masculine singular noun with directional suffix - to the mountain/hill country",
"*tissāpeh*": "Niphal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you be swept away/destroyed"
},
"variants": {
"*yəhî*": "it happened/it came to pass/it was",
"*himālêṭ*": "escape/flee/save yourself",
"*nepeš*": "life/soul/self/person",
"*tabbiṭ*": "look/gaze/regard",
"*taʿamōd*": "stand/stay/remain",
"*kikār*": "plain/valley/circle/district",
"*tissāpeh*": "be swept away/be destroyed/perish"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.18",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֖וֹט אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אַל־נָ֖א אֲדֹנָֽי׃",
"text": "wə-*yōʾmer* *Lôṭ* to-them *ʾal*-*nāʾ* *ʾadōnāy*",
"grammar": {
"*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive/imperative - do not",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/I pray",
"*ʾadōnāy*": "plural noun with 1st singular suffix used as honorific - my lord"
},
"variants": {
"*nāʾ*": "please/I pray/I beseech",
"*ʾadōnāy*": "my lord/my master/my lords (honorific plural)"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.19",
"source": "הִנֵּה־נָ֠א מָצָ֨א עַבְדְּךָ֣ חֵן֮ בְּעֵינֶיךָ֒ וַתַּגְדֵּ֣ל חַסְדְּךָ֗ אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשִׂ֙יתָ֙ עִמָּדִ֔י לְהַחֲי֖וֹת אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאָנֹכִ֗י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לְהִמָּלֵ֣ט הָהָ֔רָה פֶּן־תִּדְבָּקַ֥נִי הָרָעָ֖ה וָמַֽתִּי׃",
"text": "*hinnêh*-*nāʾ* *māṣāʾ* *ʿabdəkā* *ḥēn* in-*ʿênêkā* wə-*tagdêl* *ḥasdəkā* which *ʿāśîtā* with-me to-*haḥăyôt* *ʾet*-*napšî* wə-*ʾānōkî* not *ʾûkal* to-*himālêṭ* to-the-*hārâ* lest-*tidbāqanî* the-*rāʿâ* wə-*mattî*",
"grammar": {
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/I pray",
"*māṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he found",
"*ʿabdəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*ḥēn*": "masculine singular noun - favor/grace",
"*ʿênêkā*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes",
"*tagdêl*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you magnified/enlarged",
"*ḥasdəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your lovingkindness/mercy",
"*ʿāśîtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you did/made",
"*haḥăyôt*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to keep alive/preserve",
"*napšî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my life/soul",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*ʾûkal*": "Qal imperfect 1st singular - I am able",
"*himālêṭ*": "Niphal infinitive construct - to escape/flee",
"*hārâ*": "masculine singular noun with directional suffix - to the mountain/hill country",
"*tidbāqanî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - it overtakes/clings to me",
"*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the evil/disaster/calamity",
"*mattî*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - I die"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/charm",
"*tagdêl*": "magnified/enlarged/made great",
"*ḥasdəkā*": "lovingkindness/mercy/steadfast love/loyalty",
"*haḥăyôt*": "keep alive/preserve/save",
"*napšî*": "my life/my soul/myself",
"*ʾûkal*": "am able/can/have power",
"*tidbāqanî*": "overtakes me/clings to me/catches up with me",
"*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.20",
"source": "הִנֵּה־נָ֠א הָעִ֨יר הַזֹּ֧את קְרֹבָ֛ה לָנ֥וּס שָׁ֖מָּה וְהִ֣יא מִצְעָ֑ר אִמָּלְטָ֨ה נָּ֜א שָׁ֗מָּה הֲלֹ֥א מִצְעָ֛ר הִ֖וא וּתְחִ֥י נַפְשִֽׁי׃",
"text": "*hinnêh*-*nāʾ* the-*ʿîr* the-*zōʾt* *qərōbâ* to-*nûs* *šāmmâ* wə-*hîʾ* *miṣʿār* *ʾimmālṭâ* *nāʾ* *šāmmâ* not *miṣʿār* *hîʾ* wə-*təḥî* *napšî*",
"grammar": {
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/I pray",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city",
"*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*qərōbâ*": "adjective feminine singular - near/close",
"*nûs*": "Qal infinitive construct - to flee",
"*šāmmâ*": "adverb with directional suffix - there/to there",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular independent pronoun - she/it",
"*miṣʿār*": "adjective masculine singular - small/little",
"*ʾimmālṭâ*": "Niphal cohortative 1st singular - let me escape",
"*təḥî*": "Qal jussive 3rd feminine singular - may live",
"*napšî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my life/soul"
},
"variants": {
"*qərōbâ*": "near/close/nearby",
"*nûs*": "to flee/to escape",
"*miṣʿār*": "small/little/insignificant",
"*ʾimmālṭâ*": "let me escape/let me flee/may I escape",
"*təḥî*": "may live/will live/shall live",
"*napšî*": "my life/my soul/myself"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.21",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו הִנֵּה֙ נָשָׂ֣אתִי פָנֶ֔יךָ גַּ֖ם לַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֛י הָפְכִּ֥י אֶת־הָעִ֖יר אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּֽרְתָּ׃",
"text": "wə-*yōʾmer* to-him *hinnêh* *nāśāʾtî* *pānêkā* also to-the-*dābār* the-*zeh* to-not *hāpkî* *ʾet*-the-*ʿîr* which *dibbartā*",
"grammar": {
"*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he said",
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st singular - I have lifted up/accepted",
"*pānêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your face",
"*dābār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the word/thing/matter",
"*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative adjective - this",
"*hāpkî*": "Qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - my overthrowing",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city",
"*dibbartā*": "Piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you spoke/said"
},
"variants": {
"*nāśāʾtî pānêkā*": "lifted up your face/shown favor to you/granted your request",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*hāpkî*": "my overthrowing/my destroying/my overturning",
"*dibbartā*": "you spoke/you said/you mentioned"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.22",
"source": "מַהֵר֙ הִמָּלֵ֣ט שָׁ֔מָּה כִּ֣י לֹ֤א אוּכַל֙ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת דָּבָ֔ר עַד־בֹּאֲךָ֖ שָׁ֑מָּה עַל־כֵּ֛ן קָרָ֥א שֵׁם־הָעִ֖יר צֽוֹעַר׃",
"text": "*mahêr* *himālêṭ* *šāmmâ* because not *ʾûkal* to-*ʿăśôt* *dābār* until-*bōʾăkā* *šāmmâ* upon-thus *qārāʾ* *šêm*-the-*ʿîr* *Ṣôʿar*",
"grammar": {
"*mahêr*": "Piel imperative masculine singular - hurry/hasten",
"*himālêṭ*": "Niphal imperative masculine singular - escape/flee",
"*šāmmâ*": "adverb with directional suffix - there/to there",
"*ʾûkal*": "Qal imperfect 1st singular - I am able",
"*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make",
"*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/thing/matter",
"*bōʾăkā*": "Qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming/arriving",
"*qārāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he called",
"*šêm*": "masculine singular construct - name of",
"*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city",
"*Ṣôʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar"
},
"variants": {
"*mahêr*": "hurry/hasten/make haste",
"*himālêṭ*": "escape/flee/save yourself",
"*ʾûkal*": "am able/can/have power",
"*ʿăśôt dābār*": "do anything/do a thing",
"*qārāʾ*": "called/named"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.23",
"source": "הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ יָצָ֣א עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וְל֖וֹט בָּ֥א צֹֽעֲרָה׃",
"text": "The-*šemeš* *yāṣāʾ* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ* wə-*Lôṭ* *bāʾ* *Ṣōʿărâ*",
"grammar": {
"*šemeš*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sun",
"*yāṣāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it went out/came forth",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he came/entered",
"*Ṣōʿărâ*": "proper noun with directional suffix - to Zoar"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "went out/came forth/rose",
"*bāʾ*": "came/entered/arrived"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.24",
"source": "וֽ͏ַיהוָ֗ה הִמְטִ֧יר עַל־סְדֹ֛ם וְעַל־עֲמֹרָ֖ה גָּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃",
"text": "wə-*YHWH* *himṭîr* upon-*Sədōm* wə-upon-*ʿĂmōrâ* *gāprît* wə-*ʾêš* from-with *YHWH* from-the-*šāmāyim*",
"grammar": {
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*himṭîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to rain",
"*Sədōm*": "proper noun - Sodom",
"*ʿĂmōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah",
"*gāprît*": "feminine singular noun - brimstone/sulfur",
"*ʾêš*": "feminine singular noun - fire",
"*šāmāyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens/sky"
},
"variants": {
"*himṭîr*": "caused to rain/rained down/sent down",
"*gāprît*": "brimstone/sulfur",
"*šāmāyim*": "heavens/sky"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.25",
"source": "וֽ͏ַיַּהֲפֹךְ֙ אֶת־הֶעָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔ל וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־הַכִּכָּ֑ר וְאֵת֙ כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הֶעָרִ֔ים וְצֶ֖מַח הָאֲדָמָֽה׃",
"text": "wə-*yahăpōk* *ʾet*-the-*ʿārîm* the-*ʾêl* wə-*ʾêt* all-the-*kikār* wə-*ʾêt* all-*yōšəbêy* the-*ʿārîm* wə-*ṣemaḥ* the-*ʾădāmâ*",
"grammar": {
"*yahăpōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he overthrew",
"*ʿārîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the cities",
"*ʾêl*": "demonstrative adjective plural - these",
"*kikār*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the plain/valley/circle",
"*yōšəbêy*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*ʿārîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the cities",
"*ṣemaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - vegetation/growth",
"*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the ground/land/soil"
},
"variants": {
"*yahăpōk*": "overthrew/overturned/destroyed",
"*kikār*": "plain/valley/circle/district",
"*yōšəbêy*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents",
"*ṣemaḥ*": "vegetation/growth/plants"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.26",
"source": "וַתַּבֵּ֥ט אִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מֵאַחֲרָ֑יו וַתְּהִ֖י נְצִ֥יב מֶֽלַח׃",
"text": "wə-*tabbêṭ* *ʾištô* from-behind-him wə-*təhî* *nəṣîb* *melaḥ*",
"grammar": {
"*tabbêṭ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - she looked",
"*ʾištô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife",
"*təhî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - she became",
"*nəṣîb*": "masculine singular construct - pillar of",
"*melaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - salt"
},
"variants": {
"*tabbêṭ*": "looked/gazed/regarded",
"*nəṣîb*": "pillar/column/monument"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.27",
"source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ם אַבְרָהָ֖ם בַּבֹּ֑קֶר אֶל־הַ֨מָּק֔וֹם אֲשֶׁר־עָ֥מַד שָׁ֖ם אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "wə-*yaškêm* *ʾAbrāhām* in-the-*bōqer* to-the-*māqôm* which-*ʿāmad* there *ʾet*-*pənêy* *YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*yaškêm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he rose early",
"*ʾAbrāhām*": "proper noun - Abraham",
"*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning",
"*māqôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the place",
"*ʿāmad*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he stood",
"*pənêy*": "masculine plural construct - face of",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*yaškêm*": "rose early/got up early",
"*māqôm*": "place/location/site",
"*ʿāmad*": "stood/positioned himself",
"*pənêy YHWH*": "face of YHWH/before YHWH/in the presence of YHWH"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.28",
"source": "וַיַּשְׁקֵ֗ף עַל־פְּנֵ֤י סְדֹם֙ וַעֲמֹרָ֔ה וְעַֽל־כָּל־פְּנֵ֖י אֶ֣רֶץ הַכִּכָּ֑ר וַיַּ֗רְא וְהִנֵּ֤ה עָלָה֙ קִיטֹ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ כְּקִיטֹ֖ר הַכִּבְשָֽׁן׃",
"text": "wə-*yaškêp* upon-*pənêy* *Sədōm* wə-*ʿĂmōrâ* wə-upon-all-*pənêy* *ʾereṣ* the-*kikār* wə-*yarʾ* wə-*hinnêh* *ʿālâ* *qîṭōr* the-*ʾāreṣ* like-*qîṭōr* the-*kibšān*",
"grammar": {
"*yaškêp*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he looked down",
"*pənêy*": "masculine plural construct - face of",
"*Sədōm*": "proper noun - Sodom",
"*ʿĂmōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of",
"*kikār*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the plain/valley/circle",
"*yarʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he saw",
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*ʿālâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it went up",
"*qîṭōr*": "masculine singular construct - smoke of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/earth",
"*kibšān*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the furnace/kiln"
},
"variants": {
"*yaškêp*": "looked down/gazed down/looked out",
"*pənêy*": "face of/surface of/region of",
"*kikār*": "plain/valley/circle/district",
"*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/rose",
"*qîṭōr*": "smoke/vapor",
"*kibšān*": "furnace/kiln"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Genesis.19.29",
"source": "וַיְהִ֗י בְּשַׁחֵ֤ת אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־עָרֵ֣י הַכִּכָּ֔ר וַיִּזְכֹּ֥ר אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וַיְשַׁלַּ֤ח אֶת־לוֹט֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַהֲפֵכָ֔ה בַּהֲפֹךְ֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־יָשַׁ֥ב בָּהֵ֖ן לֽוֹט׃",
"text": "wə-*yəhî* in-*šaḥêt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-*ʿārêy* the-*kikār* wə-*yizkōr* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-*ʾAbrāhām* wə-*yəšallaḥ* *ʾet*-*Lôṭ* from-*tôk* the-*hăpêkâ* in-*hăpōk* *ʾet*-the-*ʿārîm* which-*yāšab* in-them *Lôṭ*",
"grammar": {
"*yəhî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated form - it happened/came to pass",
"*šaḥêt*": "Piel infinitive construct - destroying",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun (used as singular) - God",
"*ʿārêy*": "feminine plural construct - cities of",
"*kikār*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the plain/valley/circle",
"*yizkōr*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he remembered",
"*ʾAbrāhām*": "proper noun - Abraham",
"*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he sent out",
"*Lôṭ*": "proper noun - Lot",
"*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*hăpêkâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the overthrow/destruction",
"*hăpōk*": "Qal infinitive construct - overthrowing",
"*ʿārîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the cities",
"*yāšab*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he dwelt/resided"
},
"variants": {
"*šaḥêt*": "destroying/ruining/corrupting",
"*kikār*": "plain/valley/circle/district",
"*yizkōr*": "remembered/thought of/kept in mind",
"*yəšallaḥ*": "sent out/sent away/delivered",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/among",
"*hăpêkâ*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning",
"*yāšab*": "dwelt/resided/lived"
}
}