18 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.18",
"source": "וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם הָי֧וֹ יִֽהְיֶ֛ה לְג֥וֹי גָּד֖וֹל וְעָצ֑וּם וְנִ֨בְרְכוּ ב֔וֹ כֹּ֖ל גּוֹיֵ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And-*ʾAḇrāhām* *hāyô* *yihyeh* to-*gôy* *gāḏôl* and-*ʿāṣûm* and-*niḇrəḵû* in-him all *gôyê* the-*ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāyô*": "qal infinitive absolute - being",
"*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will become",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation",
"*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great",
"*ʿāṣûm*": "adjective, masculine singular - mighty",
"*niḇrəḵû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - will be blessed",
"*gôyê*": "construct plural - nations of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyô yihyeh*": "surely will become (emphatic construction)",
"*niḇrəḵû*": "will be blessed/will bless themselves"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.19",
"source": "כִּ֣י יְדַעְתִּ֗יו לְמַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצַוֶּ֜ה אֶת־בָּנָ֤יו וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת צְדָקָ֖ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט לְמַ֗עַן הָבִ֤יא יְהוָה֙ עַל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר עָלָֽיו׃",
"text": "For *yəḏaʿtîw* for-purpose that *yəṣawweh* *ʾeṯ*-his-sons and-*ʾeṯ*-his-house after-him and-*wəšāmərû* *dereḵ* *YHWH* to-*laʿăśôṯ* *ṣəḏāqâ* and-*mišpāṭ* for-purpose *hāḇîʾ* *YHWH* upon-*ʾAḇrāhām* *ʾēṯ* which-*dibber* upon-him.",
"grammar": {
"*yəḏaʿtîw*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I have known him",
"*yəṣawweh*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will command",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*wəšāmərû*": "qal perfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - they will keep",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way of",
"*laʿăśôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefix - to do/practice",
"*ṣəḏāqâ*": "noun, feminine singular - righteousness",
"*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment",
"*hāḇîʾ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to bring",
"*dibber*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has spoken"
},
"variants": {
"*yəḏaʿtîw*": "I have known him/chosen him/acknowledged him",
"*ṣəḏāqâ*": "righteousness/right action/what is right",
"*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/legal decision"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.20",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה זַעֲקַ֛ת סְדֹ֥ם וַעֲמֹרָ֖ה כִּי־רָ֑בָּה וְחַ֨טָּאתָ֔ם כִּ֥י כָבְדָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* *zaʿăqaṯ* *Səḏōm* and-*ʿĂmōrâ* for-*rābbâ* and-*ḥaṭṭāʾṯām* for *ḵāḇəḏâ* *məʾōḏ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*zaʿăqaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - outcry of",
"*rābbâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is great",
"*ḥaṭṭāʾṯām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sin",
"*ḵāḇəḏâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is heavy/grave",
"*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very"
},
"variants": {
"*zaʿăqaṯ*": "outcry/cry of distress/complaint",
"*ḵāḇəḏâ*": "heavy/grave/severe"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.21",
"source": "אֵֽרֲדָה־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה הַכְּצַעֲקָתָ֛הּ הַבָּ֥אָה אֵלַ֖י עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ כָּלָ֑ה וְאִם־לֹ֖א אֵדָֽעָה׃",
"text": "*ʾērăḏâ*-*nāʾ* and-*ʾerʾeh* the-like-*ṣaʿăqāṯāh* the-*bāʾâ* to-me *ʿāśû* *kālâ* and-if-not *ʾēḏāʿâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾērăḏâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st person singular - let me go down",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now",
"*ʾerʾeh*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - let me see",
"*ṣaʿăqāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its outcry",
"*bāʾâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - coming",
"*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have done",
"*kālâ*": "noun, feminine singular - completion/destruction",
"*ʾēḏāʿâ*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - let me know"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣaʿăqāṯāh*": "its outcry/complaint",
"*kālâ*": "completion/destruction/annihilation/altogether"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.22",
"source": "וַיִּפְנ֤וּ מִשָּׁם֙ הֽ͏ָאֲנָשִׁ֔ים וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ סְדֹ֑מָה וְאַ֨בְרָהָ֔ם עוֹדֶ֥נּוּ עֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyipnû* from-there the-*ʾănāšîm* and-*wayyēləḵû* *Səḏōmâ* and-*ʾAḇrāhām* *ʿôḏennû* *ʿōmēḏ* to-*lipnê* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyipnû*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - turned",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men",
"*wayyēləḵû*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - went",
"*Səḏōmâ*": "proper noun with directional he - toward Sodom",
"*ʿôḏennû*": "adverb with 3rd masculine singular suffix - still he",
"*ʿōmēḏ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - standing",
"*lipnê*": "preposition with construct noun - before"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyipnû*": "turned/turned away/faced",
"*ʿōmēḏ lipnê*": "standing before/remaining in the presence of"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.23",
"source": "וַיִּגַּ֥שׁ אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הַאַ֣ף תִּסְפֶּ֔ה צַדִּ֖יק עִם־רָשָֽׁע׃",
"text": "And-*wayyiggaš* *ʾAḇrāhām* and-*wayyōʾmar* indeed *tispeh* *ṣaddîq* with-*rāšāʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiggaš*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - drew near/approached",
"*wayyōʾmar*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*tispeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will sweep away",
"*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous",
"*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiggaš*": "drew near/approached/came forward",
"*tispeh*": "sweep away/destroy/consume"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.24",
"source": "אוּלַ֥י יֵ֛שׁ חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים צַדִּיקִ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר הַאַ֤ף תִּסְפֶּה֙ וְלֹא־תִשָּׂ֣א לַמָּק֔וֹם לְמַ֛עַן חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים הַצַּדִּיקִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּקִרְבָּֽהּ׃",
"text": "Perhaps *yēš* fifty *ṣaddîqim* in-*tôḵ* the-*ʿîr* indeed *tispeh* and-not-*ṯiśśāʾ* to-the-*māqôm* for-sake fifty the-*ṣaddîqim* which in-*qirbāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*yēš*": "existential particle - there are",
"*ṣaddîqim*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous ones",
"*tôḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city",
"*tispeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will sweep away",
"*ṯiśśāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will forgive/lift",
"*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place",
"*qirbāh*": "noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its midst"
},
"variants": {
"*ṯiśśāʾ lamāqôm*": "forgive the place/spare the place/lift up (guilt from) the place"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.25",
"source": "חָלִ֨לָה לְּךָ֜ מֵעֲשֹׂ֣ת ׀ כַּדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֗ה לְהָמִ֤ית צַדִּיק֙ עִם־רָשָׁ֔ע וְהָיָ֥ה כַצַדִּ֖יק כָּרָשָׁ֑ע חָלִ֣לָה לָּ֔ךְ הֲשֹׁפֵט֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה מִשְׁפָּֽט׃",
"text": "*Ḥālilâ* to-you from-*mēʿăśôṯ* like-the-*dāḇār* the-this to-*ləhāmîṯ* *ṣaddîq* with-*rāšāʿ* and-*hāyâ* like-the-*ṣaddîq* like-the-*rāšāʿ* *ḥālilâ* to-you the-*hăšōpēṭ* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* not *yaʿăśeh* *mišpāṭ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ḥālilâ*": "interjection - far be it",
"*mēʿăśôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefix - from doing",
"*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/matter",
"*ləhāmîṯ*": "hiphil infinitive construct with prefix - to kill",
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - would be",
"*hăšōpēṭ*": "qal participle, masculine singular with interrogative prefix - the one judging",
"*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will do",
"*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice"
},
"variants": {
"*Ḥālilâ*": "far be it/profane/unthinkable",
"*hăšōpēṭ*": "the judge/one who judges"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.26",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־אֶמְצָ֥א בִסְדֹ֛ם חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים צַדִּיקִ֖ם בְּת֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר וְנָשָׂ֥אתִי לְכָל־הַמָּק֖וֹם בַּעֲבוּרָֽם׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* if-*ʾemṣāʾ* in-*Səḏōm* fifty *ṣaddîqim* in-*tôḵ* the-*ʿîr* and-*nāśāʾṯî* to-all-the-*māqôm* for-*baʿăḇûrām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*ʾemṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I find",
"*ṣaddîqim*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous ones",
"*tôḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city",
"*nāśāʾṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular with waw-consecutive - I will forgive",
"*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place",
"*baʿăḇûrām*": "preposition with noun and 3rd masculine plural suffix - for their sake"
},
"variants": {
"*nāśāʾṯî*": "I will forgive/spare/lift up"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.27",
"source": "וַיַּ֥עַן אַבְרָהָ֖ם וַיֹּאמַ֑ר הִנֵּה־נָ֤א הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י עָפָ֥ר וָאֵֽפֶר׃",
"text": "And-*wayyaʿan* *ʾAḇrāhām* and-*wayyōʾmar* *hinnēh*-*nāʾ* *hôʾaltî* to-*ləḏabbēr* to-*ʾăḏōnāy* and-I *ʿāpār* and-*ʾēper*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿan*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - answered",
"*wayyōʾmar*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*hôʾaltî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have undertaken",
"*ləḏabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct with prefix - to speak",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord",
"*ʿāpār*": "noun, masculine singular - dust",
"*ʾēper*": "noun, masculine singular - ashes"
},
"variants": {
"*hôʾaltî*": "I have undertaken/dared/presumed",
"*ʿāpār wāʾēper*": "dust and ashes (idiom for human frailty/mortality)"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.28",
"source": "א֠וּלַי יַחְסְר֞וּן חֲמִשִּׁ֤ים הַצַּדִּיקִם֙ חֲמִשָּׁ֔ה הֲתַשְׁחִ֥ית בַּחֲמִשָּׁ֖ה אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית אִם־אֶמְצָ֣א שָׁ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃",
"text": "Perhaps *yaḥsərûn* fifty the-*ṣaddîqim* five *hăṯašḥîṯ* with-the-five *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*ʿîr* and-*wayyōʾmer* not *ʾašḥîṯ* if-*ʾemṣāʾ* there forty and-five.",
"grammar": {
"*yaḥsərûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - would lack",
"*ṣaddîqim*": "adjective, masculine plural - righteous ones",
"*hăṯašḥîṯ*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular with interrogative prefix - will you destroy",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city",
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*ʾašḥîṯ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will destroy",
"*ʾemṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I find"
},
"variants": {
"*yaḥsərûn*": "would lack/be missing/be short",
"*hăṯašḥîṯ*": "will you destroy/ruin/corrupt"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.29",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨סֶף ע֜וֹד לְדַבֵּ֤ר אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּאמַ֔ר אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם אַרְבָּעִ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֽ͏ֶעֱשֶׂ֔ה בַּעֲב֖וּר הָאַרְבָּעִֽים׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōsep* again to-*ləḏabbēr* to-him and-*wayyōʾmar* perhaps *yimmāṣəʾûn* there forty and-*wayyōʾmer* not *ʾeʿĕśeh* for-sake the-forty.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōsep*": "hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - continued",
"*ləḏabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct with prefix - to speak",
"*wayyōʾmar*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*yimmāṣəʾûn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - will be found",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will do"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōsep*": "continued/added/proceeded",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I will do/act/execute judgment"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.30",
"source": "וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אַל־נָ֞א יִ֤חַר לֽ͏ַאדֹנָי֙ וַאֲדַבֵּ֔רָה אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם שְׁלֹשִׁ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אֽ͏ֶעֱשֶׂ֔ה אִם־אֶמְצָ֥א שָׁ֖ם שְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* not-*nāʾ* *yiḥar* to-*laʾḏōnāy* and-*ʾăḏabbērâ* perhaps *yimmāṣəʾûn* there thirty and-*wayyōʾmer* not *ʾeʿĕśeh* if-*ʾemṣāʾ* there thirty.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*yiḥar*": "qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let be angry",
"*laʾḏōnāy*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefix - to my Lord",
"*ʾăḏabbērâ*": "piel cohortative, 1st person singular - let me speak",
"*yimmāṣəʾûn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - will be found",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will do",
"*ʾemṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I find"
},
"variants": {
"*yiḥar*": "be angry/burn with anger/be incensed"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.31",
"source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הִנֵּֽה־נָ֤א הוֹאַ֙לְתִּי֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֔י אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם עֶשְׂרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית בַּעֲב֖וּר הֽ͏ָעֶשְׂרִֽים׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *hinnēh*-*nāʾ* *hôʾaltî* to-*ləḏabbēr* to-*ʾăḏōnāy* perhaps *yimmāṣəʾûn* there twenty and-*wayyōʾmer* not *ʾašḥîṯ* for-sake the-twenty.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*hôʾaltî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have undertaken",
"*ləḏabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct with prefix - to speak",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord",
"*yimmāṣəʾûn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - will be found",
"*ʾašḥîṯ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will destroy"
},
"variants": {
"*hôʾaltî*": "I have undertaken/dared/presumed",
"*ʾašḥîṯ*": "I will destroy/ruin/corrupt"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.32",
"source": "וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אַל־נָ֞א יִ֤חַר לַֽאדֹנָי֙ וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה אַךְ־הַפַּ֔עַם אוּלַ֛י יִמָּצְא֥וּן שָׁ֖ם עֲשָׂרָ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית בַּעֲב֖וּר הָעֲשָׂרָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* not-*nāʾ* *yiḥar* to-*laʾḏōnāy* and-*ʾăḏabbərâ* only-the-*paʿam* perhaps *yimmāṣəʾûn* there ten and-*wayyōʾmer* not *ʾašḥîṯ* for-sake the-ten.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*yiḥar*": "qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let be angry",
"*laʾḏōnāy*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefix - to my Lord",
"*ʾăḏabbərâ*": "piel cohortative, 1st person singular - let me speak",
"*paʿam*": "noun, feminine singular - time/instance",
"*yimmāṣəʾûn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - will be found",
"*ʾašḥîṯ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will destroy"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaḵ-happaʿam*": "only this time/just this once/just this last time"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Genesis.18.33",
"source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר כִּלָּ֔ה לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־אַבְרָהָ֑ם וְאַבְרָהָ֖ם שָׁ֥ב לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-*wayyēleḵ* *YHWH* when *killâ* to-*ləḏabbēr* to-*ʾAḇrāhām* and-*ʾAḇrāhām* *šāḇ* to-*limqōmô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēleḵ*": "qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - went away",
"*killâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - finished",
"*ləḏabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct with prefix - to speak",
"*šāḇ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - returned",
"*limqōmô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix and prefix - to his place"
},
"variants": {
"*killâ*": "finished/completed/ended",
"*šāḇ*": "returned/went back"
}
}