Genesis 31:46

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Genesis.31.46", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב לְאֶחָיו לִקְטוּ אֲבָנִים וַיִּקְחוּ אֲבָנִים וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־גָל וַיֹּאכְלוּ שָׁם עַל־הַגָּל", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Yaʿaqōb* to *ʾeḥāyw* *liqṭû* *ʾabānîm* and *wa-yiqḥû* *ʾabānîm* and *wa-yaʿaśû*-*gāl* and *wa-yōʾkelû* there on-the *gāl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Yaʿaqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers/kinsmen", "*liqṭû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - gather", "*ʾabānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones", "*wa-yiqḥû*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they took", "*wa-yaʿaśû*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they made", "*gāl*": "noun, masculine singular - heap/pile", "*wa-yōʾkelû*": "waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they ate" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥāyw*": "his brothers/kinsmen/relatives", "*liqṭû*": "gather/collect/pick up", "*gāl*": "heap/pile/mound" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּאמֶר יַעֲקֹב לְאֶחָיו לִקְטוּ אֲבָנִים וַיִּקְחוּ אֲבָנִים וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־גָל וַיֹּאכְלוּ שָׁם עַל־הַגָּל

Transliteration

And wa-yōʾmer Yaʿaqōb to ʾeḥāyw liqṭû ʾabānîm and wa-yiqḥû ʾabānîm and wa-yaʿaśû-gāl and wa-yōʾkelû there on-the gāl

Grammar Details

• *wa-yōʾmer*: waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said
• *Yaʿaqōb*: proper noun - Jacob
• *ʾeḥāyw*: noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers/kinsmen
• *liqṭû*: qal imperative masculine plural - gather
• *ʾabānîm*: noun, feminine plural - stones
• *wa-yiqḥû*: waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they took
• *wa-yaʿaśû*: waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they made
• *gāl*: noun, masculine singular - heap/pile
• *wa-yōʾkelû*: waw consecutive with qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they ate

Word Meanings

• *ʾeḥāyw*: his brothers/kinsmen/relatives
• *liqṭû*: gather/collect/pick up
• *gāl*: heap/pile/mound

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  He said to his relatives, 'Gather some stones.' So they took stones and piled them in a heap, and they ate there by the heap.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Jacob said to his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made a heap: and they ate there upon the heap.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made a heap: and they did eat there by the heap.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  ad sayde vnto his brethern gather stoones And they toke stoones ad made an heape and they ate there vpo the heape.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and sayde vnto his brethren: Gather stones. And they toke the stones, and made an heape, & ate vpon the same heape.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And Iaakob sayde vnto his brethren, Gather stones: who brought stones, and made an heape, and they did eate there vpon the heape.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And Iacob sayde vnto his brethren: gather stones. And they toke stones, and made an heape: and they dyd eate there vpon the heape.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made an heap: and they did eat there upon the heap.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Jacob said to his relatives, "Gather stones." They took stones, and made a heap. They ate there by the heap.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and Jacob saith to his brethren, `Gather stones,' and they take stones, and make a heap; and they eat there on the heap;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made a heap: and they did eat there by the heap.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made a heap: and they did eat there by the heap.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And Jacob said to his people, Get stones together; and they did so; and they had a meal there by the stones.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Jacob said to his relatives, "Gather stones." They took stones, and made a heap. They ate there by the heap.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Then he said to his relatives,“Gather stones.” So they brought stones and put them in a pile. They ate there by the pile of stones.

Referenced Verses

• Gen 31:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Genesis.31.23", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־אֶחָיו֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וַיִּרְדֹּ֣ף אַחֲרָ֔יו דֶּ֖רֶךְ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים וַיַּדְבֵּ֥ק אֹת֖וֹ בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְעָֽד׃", "text": "*wa-yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*ʾeḥāyw* with him, *wa-yirdōp* after him *derek* *šibʿat* *yāmîm*, *wa-yadbēq* *ʾōtô* in *har* the-*Gilʿād*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his brothers/kinsmen", "*wa-yirdōp*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he pursued", "*derek*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - journey/way of", "*šibʿat*": "cardinal number, feminine singular construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - days", "*wa-yadbēq*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he overtook", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - him", "*har*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with prefix preposition - in the mountain of", "*Gilʿād*": "proper noun with definite article - Gilead" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥāyw*": "brothers/kinsmen/relatives/men", "*derek*": "way/journey/distance of", "*wa-yadbēq*": "overtook/caught up with/reached" } }
• Gen 31:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Genesis.31.32", "source": "עִ֠ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּמְצָ֣א אֶת־אֱלֹהֶיךָ֮ לֹ֣א יִֽחְיֶה֒ נֶ֣גֶד אַחֵ֧ינוּ הַֽכֶּר־לְךָ֛ מָ֥ה עִמָּדִ֖י וְקַֽח־לָ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־יָדַ֣ע יַעֲקֹ֔ב כִּ֥י רָחֵ֖ל גְּנָבָֽתַם׃", "text": "With whom you *timṣāʾ* *ʾet*-*ʾĕlōhêkā*, *lōʾ* *yiḥyeh*; *neged* *ʾaḥênû* *hakker*-to you *mâ* with me and *qaḥ*-to you. And *lōʾ*-*yādaʿ* *Yaʿăqōb* *kî* *Rāḥēl* *gĕnābātam*.", "grammar": { "*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you find", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gods", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiḥyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall live", "*neged*": "preposition - before/in the presence of", "*ʾaḥênû*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 1st plural suffix - our brothers/kinsmen", "*hakker*": "hiphil imperative, 2nd masculine singular - identify/recognize", "*mâ*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative, 2nd masculine singular - take", "*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - knew", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*Rāḥēl*": "proper noun - Rachel", "*gĕnābātam*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - had stolen them" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ yiḥyeh*": "shall not live/shall die/will not survive", "*hakker-lĕkā*": "identify for yourself/recognize/examine", "*neged ʾaḥênû*": "in the presence of our kinsmen/before our relatives/in front of our family" } }
• Gen 31:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Genesis.31.37", "source": "כִּי־מִשַּׁשְׁתָּ אֶת־כָּל־כֵּלַי מַה־מָּצָאתָ מִכֹּל כְּלֵי־בֵיתֶךָ שִׂים כֹּה נֶגֶד אַחַי וְאַחֶיךָ וְיוֹכִיחוּ בֵּין שְׁנֵינוּ", "text": "For *miššaštā* *ʾet*-all-*kelai* what-*māṣāʾtā* from all *kelê*-*bêtekā* place here before *ʾaḥai* and *ʾaḥeykā* and *yôkîḥû* between *šenênû*", "grammar": { "*miššaštā*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have felt/searched", "*kelai*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my vessels/belongings", "*māṣāʾtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have found", "*kelê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - vessels/belongings of", "*bêtekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your house", "*ʾaḥai*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my brothers/kinsmen", "*ʾaḥeykā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brothers/kinsmen", "*yôkîḥû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural jussive - let them decide/judge", "*šenênû*": "numeral dual construct with 1st person plural suffix - our two/both of us" }, "variants": { "*miššaštā*": "felt/searched/examined thoroughly", "*kelai*": "vessels/utensils/belongings/articles", "*māṣāʾtā*": "found/discovered/detected", "*yôkîḥû*": "decide/judge/arbitrate/reprove" } }
• Gen 31:54 : 54 { "verseID": "Genesis.31.54", "source": "וַיִּזְבַּ֨ח יַעֲקֹ֥ב זֶ֙בַח֙ בָּהָ֔ר וַיִּקְרָ֥א לְאֶחָ֖יו לֶאֱכָל־לָ֑חֶם וַיֹּ֣אכְלוּ לֶ֔חֶם וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ בָּהָֽר׃", "text": "*wayyizbaḥ* *yaʿăqōḇ* *zeḇaḥ* in-the-mountain *wayyiqrāʾ* to-brothers-of-him to-eat-*leḥem* *wayyōʾklû* *leḥem* *wayyālînû* in-the-mountain", "grammar": { "*wayyizbaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he sacrificed'", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun", "*zeḇaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'sacrifice'", "*bāhār*": "preposition beth + definite article + noun - 'in the mountain/hill'", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he called'", "*lĕʾeḥāyw*": "preposition lamed + noun 'brother' + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'to his brothers/relatives'", "*leʾĕḵāl-lāḥem*": "preposition lamed + qal infinitive construct 'to eat' + noun - 'to eat bread'", "*wayyōʾklû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'and they ate'", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - 'bread/food'", "*wayyālînû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - 'and they spent the night'", "*bāhār*": "preposition beth + definite article + noun - 'in the mountain/hill'" }, "variants": { "*zeḇaḥ*": "sacrifice/offering/slaughtering", "*hār*": "mountain/hill/hill-country", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/meal", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "brothers/relatives/kinsmen" } }
• Josh 4:5-9 : 5 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.5", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עִ֠בְרוּ לִפְנֵ֨י אֲר֧וֹן יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֖ם אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְהָרִ֨ימוּ לָכֶ֜ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶ֤בֶן אַחַת֙ עַל־שִׁכְמ֔וֹ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֥י בְנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And said *wa-yyōʾmer* to them *lāhem* *yᵊhôšūaʿ*, Pass over *ʿibrû* before *li-pnê* ark of *ʾărôn* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* unto *ʾel* midst of *tôk* the *ha-yardên* and lift up *wə-hārîmû* for yourselves *lākem* each man *ʾîš* one *ʾaḥat* stone *ʾeben* upon *ʿal* his shoulder *šikmô* according to number of *lə-mispar* tribes of *šibṭê* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʿibrû*": "imperative plural masculine - pass over/cross over", "*li-pnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before/in front of", "*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ʾel*": "preposition - unto/to", "*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*wə-hārîmû*": "conjunction + imperative plural masculine - and lift up", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*ʾeben*": "feminine singular noun - stone", "*ʾaḥat*": "cardinal number feminine singular - one", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*šikmô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his shoulder", "*lə-mispar*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to number of", "*šibṭê*": "masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*bᵊnê*": "masculine plural construct - children/sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross over/traverse", "*pānîm*": "face/before/presence", "*ʾărôn*": "ark/chest/box", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*rûm*": "lift up/raise/exalt", "*šekem*": "shoulder/upper back", "*mispār*": "number/count/tally", "*šēbeṭ*": "tribe/clan/rod" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.6", "source": "לְמַ֗עַן תִּֽהְיֶ֛ה זֹ֥את א֖וֹת בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֛ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "In order that *lə-maʿan* it may be *tihyeh* this *zōʾt* sign *ʾôt* among you *bə-qirbəkem*, when *kî* ask *yišʾālûn* your children *bᵊnêkem* tomorrow *māḥār* saying *lēʾmōr*, What *māh* the stones *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh* to you *lākem*", "grammar": { "*lə-maʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - in order that/so that", "*tihyeh*": "imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it may be/become", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ʾôt*": "feminine singular noun - sign/token/mark", "*bə-qirbəkem*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you/in your midst", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/because/that", "*yišʾālûn*": "imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will ask", "*bᵊnêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons/children", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow/in future time", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*māh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you/for you" }, "variants": { "*maʿan*": "purpose/intent/reason", "*hāyāh*": "be/become/happen", "*ʾôt*": "sign/token/mark", "*qereb*": "midst/inner part/among", "*šāʾal*": "ask/inquire/request", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in the future/in time to come" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.7", "source": "וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֣ם לָהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִכְרְת֜וּ מֵימֵ֤י הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ מִפְּנֵי֙ אֲר֣וֹן בְּרִית־יְהוָ֔ה בְּעָבְרוֹ֙ בַּיַּרְדֵּ֔ן נִכְרְת֖וּ מֵ֣י הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֠הָיוּ הָאֲבָנִ֨ים הָאֵ֧לֶּה לְזִכָּר֛וֹן לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "And you shall say *wa-ʾămartem* to them *lāhem* that *ʾăšer* were cut off *nikrətû* waters of *mêmê* the *ha-yardên* from before *mi-ppənê* ark of *ʾărôn* covenant of *bərît* *YHWH* in his crossing over *bə-ʿābrô* in the *ba-yardên* were cut off *nikrətû* waters of *mê* the *ha-yardên*, and shall be *wə-hāyû* the stones *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh* for memorial *lə-zikkārôn* to children of *li-bnê* *yiśrāʾēl* until *ʿad* forever *ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾămartem*": "conjunction + perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall say", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*nikrətû*": "perfect 3rd common plural passive - were cut off", "*mêmê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*mi-ppənê*": "preposition + plural construct - from before", "*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*bərît*": "feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*bə-ʿābrô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his crossing over", "*ba-yardên*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in the Jordan", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*wə-hāyû*": "conjunction + perfect 3rd common plural - and shall be", "*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these", "*lə-zikkārôn*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for memorial/remembrance", "*li-bnê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - to sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/unto", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*kārat*": "cut off/cut down/sever", "*māyim*": "water/waters/fluid", "*pānîm*": "face/before/presence", "*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/traverse", "*zikkārôn*": "memorial/remembrance/record", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/ancient time" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.8", "source": "וַיַּעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֣ן בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֘ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֒ וַיִּשְׂא֡וּ שְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֨ה אֲבָנִ֜ים מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ לְמִסְפַּ֖ר שִׁבְטֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעֲבִר֤וּם עִמָּם֙ אֶל־הַמָּל֔וֹן וַיַּנִּח֖וּם שָֽׁם׃", "text": "And did *wa-yyaʿăśû* so *kēn* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl* according as *ka-ʾăšer* commanded *ṣiwwāh* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* and took up *wa-yyiśʾû* twelve *šᵊtê-ʿeśrēh* stones *ʾăbānîm* from midst of *mi-ttôk* the *ha-yardên* according as *ka-ʾăšer* spoke *dibber* *YHWH* unto *ʾel* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* according to number of *lə-mispar* tribes of *šibṭê* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl* and carried them over *wa-yyaʿăbirûm* with them *ʿimmām* unto *ʾel* the lodging place *ha-mmālôn* and set them down *wa-yyanniḥûm* there *šām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyaʿăśû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they did", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*bᵊnê*": "masculine plural construct - children/sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - according as/just as", "*ṣiwwāh*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - commanded", "*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*wa-yyiśʾû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they took up", "*šᵊtê-ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number feminine - twelve", "*ʾăbānîm*": "feminine plural noun - stones", "*mi-ttôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*dibber*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾel*": "preposition - unto", "*lə-mispar*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to number of", "*šibṭê*": "masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*wa-yyaʿăbirûm*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they carried them over", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with them", "*ha-mmālôn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the lodging place", "*wa-yyanniḥûm*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they set them down", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśāh*": "do/make/act", "*ṣiwwāh*": "command/order/charge", "*nāśāʾ*": "lift/carry/take up", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*dābar*": "speak/talk/say", "*ʿābar*": "pass over/carry over/cross", "*nûaḥ*": "rest/set down/deposit", "*mālôn*": "lodging place/inn/camp site" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.9", "source": "וּשְׁתֵּ֧ים עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אֲבָנִ֗ים הֵקִ֣ים יְהוֹשֻׁעַ֮ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַיַּרְדֵּן֒ תַּ֗חַת מַצַּב֙ רַגְלֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים נֹשְׂאֵ֖י אֲר֣וֹן הַבְּרִ֑ית וַיִּ֣הְיוּ שָׁ֔ם עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And twelve *û-štêm ʿeśrēh* stones *ʾăbānîm* set up *hēqîm* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* in midst of *bə-tôk* the *ha-yardên* under *taḥat* standing place of *maṣṣab* feet of *raglê* the *ha-kōhănîm* bearing *nōśᵊʾê* ark of *ʾărôn* the *ha-bərît* and they are *wa-yyihyû* there *šām* until *ʿad* the *ha-yôm* the *ha-zzeh*", "grammar": { "*û-štêm ʿeśrēh*": "conjunction + cardinal number feminine - and twelve", "*ʾăbānîm*": "feminine plural noun - stones", "*hēqîm*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - set up/established", "*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*bə-tôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in midst of", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*maṣṣab*": "masculine singular construct - standing place of", "*raglê*": "feminine plural construct - feet of", "*ha-kōhănîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the priests", "*nōśᵊʾê*": "masculine plural construct participle - bearers of/carrying", "*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*ha-bərît*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the covenant", "*wa-yyihyû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they are/were", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day", "*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - the this/this" }, "variants": { "*qûm*": "set up/establish/raise", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath/instead of", "*maṣṣab*": "standing place/station/position", "*nāśāʾ*": "bear/carry/lift", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*yôm*": "day/time/period" } }
• Josh 4:20-24 : 20 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.20", "source": "וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הֵקִ֥ים יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃", "text": "And *wə-ʾēt* twelve *šᵊtêm ʿeśrēh* the *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh* which *ʾăšer* they took *lāqḥû* from *min* the *ha-yardên* set up *hēqîm* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* in the *ba-ggilgāl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*šᵊtêm ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number feminine - twelve", "*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lāqḥû*": "perfect 3rd common plural - they took", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*hēqîm*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - set up/established", "*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ba-ggilgāl*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in the Gilgal" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "take/get/fetch", "*qûm*": "set up/establish/raise" } } 21 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֖ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "And said *wa-yyōʾmer* unto *ʾel* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl* saying *lēʾmōr*, When *ʾăšer* ask *yišʾālûn* your children *bᵊnêkem* tomorrow *māḥār* *ʾet* their fathers *ʾăbôtām* saying *lēʾmōr*, What *māh* the stones *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾel*": "preposition - unto", "*bᵊnê*": "masculine plural construct - children/sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - when/which", "*yišʾālûn*": "imperfect 3rd masculine plural - ask", "*bᵊnêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons/children", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow/in future time", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăbôtām*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*māh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*šāʾal*": "ask/inquire/request", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in the future/in time to come", "*ʾāb*": "father/ancestor/forefather" } } 22 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.22", "source": "וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּיַּבָּשָׁה֙ עָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "Then shall make known *wə-hôdaʿtem* *ʾet* your children *bᵊnêkem* saying *lēʾmōr*, On dry ground *ba-yyabbāšāh* crossed over *ʿābar* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet* the *ha-yardên* this *ha-zzeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-hôdaʿtem*": "conjunction + perfect 2nd masculine plural hiphil - then shall make known", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bᵊnêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons/children", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - on dry ground", "*ʿābar*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - crossed over", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿ*": "know/make known/understand", "*yabbāšāh*": "dry ground/dry land", "*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/traverse" } } 23 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.23", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִישׁ֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֜ם אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵיכֶ֖ם עַֽד־עָבְרְכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֧ם לְיַם־ס֛וּף אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֥ישׁ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ עַד־עָבְרֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "Which *ʾăšer* dried up *hôbîš* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* *ʾet* waters of *mê* the *ha-yardên* from before you *mi-ppənêkem* until *ʿad* your crossing over *ʿobrəkem* as *ka-ʾăšer* did *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* to sea of *lə-yam* *sûp* which *ʾăšer* he dried up *hôbîš* from before us *mi-ppānênû* until *ʿad* our crossing over *ʿobrēnû*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*hôbîš*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular hiphil - dried up/made dry", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*mi-ppənêkem*": "preposition + plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from before you", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʿobrəkem*": "infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your crossing over", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/just as", "*ʿāśāh*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - did/made", "*lə-yam*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to sea of", "*sûp*": "proper noun - Reed/Red", "*mi-ppānênû*": "preposition + plural noun + 1st person common plural suffix - from before us", "*ʿobrēnû*": "infinitive construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our crossing over" }, "variants": { "*yābēš*": "dry up/make dry/wither", "*māyim*": "water/waters/fluid", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/before", "*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/traverse", "*ʿāśāh*": "do/make/act", "*yām*": "sea/large body of water", "*sûp*": "reed/end/Red Sea" } } 24 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.24", "source": "לְ֠מַעַן דַּ֜עַת כָּל־עַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא לְמַ֧עַן יְרָאתֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס", "text": "In order that *lə-maʿan* know *daʿat* all *kol* peoples of *ʿammê* the *hā-ʾāreṣ* *ʾet* hand of *yad* *YHWH* that *kî* mighty *ḥăzāqāh* it *hîʾ*, in order that *lə-maʿan* you might fear *yərāʾtem* *ʾet* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* all *kol* the *ha-yyāmîm*", "grammar": { "*lə-maʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - in order that/so that", "*daʿat*": "infinitive construct - know/knowing", "*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʿammê*": "masculine plural construct - peoples of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective feminine singular - mighty/strong", "*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - it/she", "*yərāʾtem*": "perfect 2nd masculine plural - you might fear", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ha-yyāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the days" }, "variants": { "*maʿan*": "purpose/intent/reason", "*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/perceive", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*yād*": "hand/power/control", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*yārēʾ*": "fear/revere/be afraid", "*yôm*": "day/time/period" } }
• Josh 7:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Joshua.7.26", "source": "וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ עָלָ֜יו גַּל־אֲבָנִ֣ים גָּד֗וֹל עַ֚ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וַיָּ֥שָׁב יְהוָ֖ה מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ עַל־כֵּ֠ן קָרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ עֵ֣מֶק עָכ֔וֹר עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyaqimu* over-him heap-of-stones great until the-day the-this; and *wayyashav* *YHWH* from-*ḥaron* *'appo*. Therefore *qara* name-of the-place the-that Valley-of *'Akhor* until the-day the-this.", "grammar": { "*wayyaqimu*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, Hiphil - raised up/set up", "*wayyashav*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - turned away", "*ḥaron*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning of", "*'appo*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*qara*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - called", "*'Akhor*": "proper noun - Achor/trouble" }, "variants": { "*ḥaron 'appo*": "burning of his anger/his fierce anger", "*'Akhor*": "Achor/trouble/disturbance" } }
• 2 Sam 18:17 : 17 { "verseID": "2Samuel.18.17", "source": "וַיִּקְח֣וּ אֶת־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם וַיַּשְׁלִ֨יכוּ אֹת֤וֹ בַיַּ֙עַר֙ אֶל־הַפַּ֣חַת הַגָּד֔וֹל וַיַּצִּ֧בוּ עָלָ֛יו גַּל־אֲבָנִ֖ים גָּד֣וֹל מְאֹ֑ד וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נָ֖סוּ אִ֥ישׁ לְאֹהָלָֽיו׃", "text": "And-*yiqqěḥû* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾAḇšālôm* and-*yaššlîḵû* *ʾōṯô* in-the-*yaʿar* to-the-*paḥaṯ* the-*gāḏôl* and-*yaṣṣîḇû* upon-him *gal*-*ʾăḇānîm* *gāḏôl* *měʾōḏ* and-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *nāsû* *ʾîš* to-*ʾōhālāyw*.", "grammar": { "*yiqqěḥû*": "third person masculine plural qal imperfect consecutive - and they took", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾAḇšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*yaššlîḵû*": "third person masculine plural hiphil imperfect consecutive - and they threw/cast", "*ʾōṯô*": "direct object marker with third person masculine singular suffix - him", "*yaʿar*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the forest/woods/thicket", "*paḥaṯ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the pit/hole", "*gāḏôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/large", "*yaṣṣîḇû*": "third person masculine plural hiphil imperfect consecutive - and they erected/set up", "*gal*": "masculine singular construct - heap of", "*ʾăḇānîm*": "feminine plural noun - stones", "*gāḏôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/large", "*měʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nāsû*": "third person masculine plural qal perfect - they fled", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/everyone", "*ʾōhālāyw*": "masculine plural noun with third person masculine singular suffix - to his tents" }, "variants": { "*yiqqěḥû*": "took/carried", "*yaššlîḵû*": "threw/cast/flung", "*yaʿar*": "forest/woods/thicket", "*paḥaṯ*": "pit/hole/deep place", "*yaṣṣîḇû*": "erected/set up/raised", "*gal*": "heap/pile/mound", "*ʾăḇānîm*": "stones/rocks", "*nāsû*": "fled/escaped/scattered", "*ʾōhālāyw*": "to his tents/to his home (possibly plural form with singular meaning)" } }
• Eccl 3:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.3.5", "source": "עֵ֚ת לְהַשְׁלִ֣יךְ אֲבָנִ֔ים וְעֵ֖ת כְּנ֣וֹס אֲבָנִ֑ים עֵ֣ת לַחֲב֔וֹק וְעֵ֖ת לִרְחֹ֥ק מֵחַבֵּֽק׃", "text": "*ʿēt* to-*ləhašlîḵ* *ʾăḇānîm* *wə*-*ʿēt* *kənôs* *ʾăḇānîm*, *ʿēt* to-*laḥăḇôq* *wə*-*ʿēt* to-*lirḥōq* from-*mēḥabbēq*", "grammar": { "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*lə*": "preposition prefix - to/for", "*hašlîḵ*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to throw/cast", "*ʾăḇānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*kənôs*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to gather", "*laḥăḇôq*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to embrace", "*lirḥōq*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to refrain/keep far", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*ḥabbēq*": "verb, piel infinitive construct - embracing" }, "variants": { "*hašlîḵ*": "to throw/cast away/fling", "*kənôs*": "to gather/collect/assemble", "*ʾăḇānîm*": "stones/rocks", "*ḥăḇôq*": "to embrace/hug", "*rḥōq*": "to refrain/keep far/be distant", "*ḥabbēq*": "embracing/hugging" } }