13{
"verseID": "Genesis.4.13",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּד֥וֹל עֲוֺנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃",
"text": "And-*yomer* *Qayin* to-*YHWH* *gadol* *ʿawoni* from-*nesoʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*gadol*": "adjective, masculine singular - great",
"*ʿawoni*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my iniquity",
"*mi-nesoʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - than bearing"
},
"variants": {
"*gadol ʿawoni mi-nesoʾ*": "my punishment is greater than I can bear/my sin is too great to forgive/my guilt is too great to carry"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Genesis.4.14",
"source": "הֵן֩ גֵּרַ֨שְׁתָּ אֹתִ֜י הַיּ֗וֹם מֵעַל֙ פְּנֵ֣י הֽ͏ָאֲדָמָ֔ה וּמִפָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶסָּתֵ֑ר וְהָיִ֜יתִי נָ֤ע וָנָד֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה כָל־מֹצְאִ֖י יֽ͏ַהַרְגֵֽנִי׃",
"text": "*hen* *gerashtah* me today from-upon face-of the-*ʾadamah* and-from-your-face *ʾessater* and-*hayiti* *naʿ* and-*nad* in-the-*ʾarets* and-*hayah* all-*motseʾi* *yahargeini*",
"grammar": {
"*hen*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*gerashtah*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have driven out",
"*ʾoti*": "direct object marker + 1st singular suffix - me",
"*ha-yom*": "definite noun, masculine singular - today/this day",
"*me-ʿal*": "compound preposition - from upon",
"*peney*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of",
"*ha-ʾadamah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ground",
"*u-mi-paneyka*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and from your face",
"*ʾessater*": "niphal imperfect, 1st singular - I will be hidden",
"*hayiti*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will be",
"*naʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - wandering",
"*nad*": "qal participle, masculine singular - vagabond",
"*ba-ʾarets*": "preposition + definite noun, feminine singular - in the earth/land",
"*hayah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/everyone",
"*motseʾi*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - finder of me/who finds me",
"*yahargeini*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - will kill me"
},
"variants": {
"*me-ʿal peney ha-ʾadamah*": "from the face of the ground/from the land's surface",
"*mi-paneyka ʾessater*": "from your presence I will be hidden/I will be hidden from your face"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Genesis.4.15",
"source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ יְהוָ֗ה לָכֵן֙ כָּל־הֹרֵ֣ג קַ֔יִן שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם וַיָּ֨שֶׂם יְהוָ֤ה לְקַ֙יִן֙ א֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֥י הַכּוֹת־אֹת֖וֹ כָּל־מֹצְאֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And-*yomer* to-him *YHWH* therefore all-*horeg* *Qayin* *shibeʿatayim* *yuqqam* and-*yasem* *YHWH* to-*Qayin* *ʾot* for-not *hakkot*-him all-*motseʾo*",
"grammar": {
"*yomer*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - said",
"*lo*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*laken*": "adverb - therefore",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/anyone",
"*horeg*": "qal participle, masculine singular - killing",
"*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain",
"*shibeʿatayim*": "adverb - sevenfold",
"*yuqqam*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be avenged",
"*yasem*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - placed/set",
"*le-Qayin*": "preposition + proper noun - for Cain",
"*ʾot*": "noun, common singular - sign/mark",
"*le-bilti*": "preposition + particle - so that not",
"*hakkot*": "hiphil infinitive construct - striking",
"*ʾoto*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/anyone",
"*motseʾo*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - finding him"
},
"variants": {
"*shibeʿatayim yuqqam*": "sevenfold vengeance will be taken/will be avenged seven times",
"*ʾot*": "sign/mark/token"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Genesis.4.16",
"source": "וַיֵּ֥צֵא קַ֖יִן מִלִּפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נ֖וֹד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃",
"text": "And-*yetseʾ* *Qayin* from-before *YHWH* and-*yesheb* in-*ʾerets*-*Nod* east-of-*ʿEden*",
"grammar": {
"*yetseʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - went out",
"*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain",
"*mi-lifney*": "compound preposition - from before",
"*YHWH*": "divine name",
"*yesheb*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - dwelled/settled",
"*be-ʾerets*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of",
"*Nod*": "proper noun - Nod",
"*qidmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - east of",
"*ʿEden*": "proper noun - Eden"
},
"variants": {
"*mi-lifney YHWH*": "from before YHWH/from the presence of YHWH",
"*ʾerets-Nod*": "land of Nod/land of wandering (Nod means 'wandering')"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Genesis.4.17",
"source": "וַיֵּ֤דַע קַ֙יִן֙ אֶת־אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ וַתַּ֖הַר וַתֵּ֣לֶד אֶת־חֲנ֑וֹךְ וַֽיְהִי֙ בֹּ֣נֶה עִ֔יר וַיִּקְרָא֙ שֵׁ֣ם הָעִ֔יר כְּשֵׁ֖ם בְּנ֥וֹ חֲנֽוֹךְ׃",
"text": "And-*yedaʿ* *Qayin* *ʾet*-his-wife and-she-*tahar* and-she-*teled* *ʾet*-*Ḥanok* and-*yehi* *boneh* *ʿir* and-*yiqraʾ* name-of the-*ʿir* like-name-of his-son *Ḥanok*",
"grammar": {
"*yedaʿ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - knew",
"*Qayin*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Cain",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾishto*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wife",
"*tahar*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - conceived",
"*teled*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - gave birth to",
"*Ḥanok*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Enoch",
"*yehi*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he was",
"*boneh*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - building",
"*ʿir*": "noun, feminine singular - city",
"*yiqraʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - called",
"*shem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of",
"*ha-ʿir*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the city",
"*ke-shem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like name of",
"*beno*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son"
},
"variants": {
"*yedaʿ*": "knew/had sexual relations with",
"*boneh ʿir*": "building a city/was a city-builder"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Genesis.4.18",
"source": "וַיִּוָּלֵ֤ד לַֽחֲנוֹךְ֙ אֶת־עִירָ֔ד וְעִירָ֕ד יָלַ֖ד אֶת־מְחֽוּיָאֵ֑ל וּמְחִיּיָאֵ֗ל יָלַד֙ אֶת־מְת֣וּשָׁאֵ֔ל וּמְתוּשָׁאֵ֖ל יָלַ֥ד אֶת־לָֽמֶךְ׃",
"text": "And-*yiwwaled* to-*Ḥanok* *ʾet*-*ʿIrad* and-*ʿIrad* *yalad* *ʾet*-*Meḥuyaʾel* and-*Meḥiyyaʾel* *yalad* *ʾet*-*Metushaʾel* and-*Metushaʾel* *yalad* *ʾet*-*Lamek*",
"grammar": {
"*yiwwaled*": "niphal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - was born",
"*la-Ḥanok*": "preposition + proper noun - to Enoch",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿIrad*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Irad",
"*yalad*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - begot/fathered",
"*Meḥuyaʾel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Mehujael",
"*Meḥiyyaʾel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Mehijael (variant spelling)",
"*Metushaʾel*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Methusael",
"*Lamek*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Lamech"
},
"variants": {
"*yiwwaled*": "was born/became father to/begot",
"*yalad*": "begot/fathered/became the father of"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Genesis.4.19",
"source": "וַיִּֽקַּֽח־ל֥וֹ לֶ֖מֶךְ שְׁתֵּ֣י נָשִׁ֑ים שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָדָ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית צִלָּֽה׃",
"text": "And-*yiqqaḥ*-to-him *Lamek* two *nashim* name-of the-one *ʿAdah* and-name-of the-second *Tsillah*",
"grammar": {
"*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - took",
"*lo*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for himself",
"*Lamek*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Lamech",
"*shettey*": "numeral, feminine dual construct - two of",
"*nashim*": "noun, feminine plural - wives",
"*shem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of",
"*ha-ʾaḥat*": "definite numeral, feminine singular - the one/first",
"*ʿAdah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Adah",
"*we-shem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and name of",
"*ha-shenit*": "definite adjective, feminine singular - the second",
"*Tsillah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Zillah"
},
"variants": {}
}
20{
"verseID": "Genesis.4.20",
"source": "וַתֵּ֥לֶד עָדָ֖ה אֶת־יָבָ֑ל ה֣וּא הָיָ֔ה אֲבִ֕י יֹשֵׁ֥ב אֹ֖הֶל וּמִקְנֶֽה׃",
"text": "And-*teled* *ʿAdah* *ʾet*-*Yabal* he *hayah* *ʾabi* *yosheb* *ʾohel* and-*miqneh*",
"grammar": {
"*teled*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - gave birth to",
"*ʿAdah*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Adah",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Yabal*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jabal",
"*huʾ*": "3rd masculine singular personal pronoun - he",
"*hayah*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was",
"*ʾabi*": "noun, masculine singular construct - father of",
"*yosheb*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - dweller of",
"*ʾohel*": "noun, masculine singular - tent",
"*u-miqneh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and livestock"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾabi*": "father of/founder of/originator of",
"*yosheb ʾohel u-miqneh*": "dwellers in tents with livestock/tent-dwelling herders"
}
}