5 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.5",
"source": "פֶּן־אַפְשִׁיטֶ֣נָּה עֲרֻמָּ֔ה וְהִ֨צַּגְתִּ֔יהָ כְּי֖וֹם הִוָּֽלְדָ֑הּ וְשַׂמְתִּ֣יהָ כַמִּדְבָּ֗ר וְשַׁתִּ֙הָ֙ כְּאֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֔ה וַהֲמִתִּ֖יהָ בַּצָּמָֽא׃",
"text": "Lest-*ʾapšîṭennāh* *ʿărummāh* and *hiṣṣagtîhā* like-*yôm* *hiwwāldāh*, and *śamtîhā* like-the-*midbār* and *šattihā* like-*ʾereṣ* *ṣiyyāh*, and *hamittîhā* with-the-*ṣāmāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾapšîṭennāh*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will strip her",
"*ʿărummāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - naked",
"*hiṣṣagtîhā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will set/place her",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular - day",
"*hiwwāldāh*": "niphal infinitive construct + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her being born",
"*śamtîhā*": "qal perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will make her",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine, singular - wilderness",
"*šattihā*": "qal perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will set her",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land",
"*ṣiyyāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - drought/dryness",
"*hamittîhā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - I will kill her",
"*ṣāmāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - thirst"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾapšîṭennāh*": "I will strip/undress/remove clothing from her",
"*ʿărummāh*": "naked/bare/exposed",
"*hiṣṣagtîhā*": "I will set/place/establish her",
"*yôm*": "day/time",
"*hiwwāldāh*": "her being born/her birth",
"*śamtîhā*": "I will make/place/establish her",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*šattihā*": "I will set/place/establish her",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground",
"*ṣiyyāh*": "drought/dryness/parched land",
"*hamittîhā*": "I will kill/put to death/cause to die",
"*ṣāmāʾ*": "thirst/dryness"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.6",
"source": "וְאֶת־בָּנֶ֖יהָ לֹ֣א אֲרַחֵ֑ם כִּֽי־בְנֵ֥י זְנוּנִ֖ים הֵֽמָּה׃",
"text": "And *ʾet*-*bānêhā* not *ʾăraḥēm* for-*bənê* *zənûnîm* *hēmmāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*bānêhā*": "noun, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her sons/children",
"*ʾăraḥēm*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will have mercy",
"*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine, plural - sons/children of",
"*zənûnîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - harlotries",
"*hēmmāh*": "independent personal pronoun, 3rd plural, masculine - they"
},
"variants": {
"*bānêhā*": "her sons/children/offspring",
"*ʾăraḥēm*": "I will have mercy/compassion/pity",
"*bənê*": "sons/children/offspring of",
"*zənûnîm*": "harlotries/prostitutions/sexual immoralities",
"*hēmmāh*": "they/those ones"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.7",
"source": "כִּ֤י זָֽנְתָה֙ אִמָּ֔ם הֹבִ֖ישָׁה הֽוֹרָתָ֑ם כִּ֣י אָמְרָ֗ה אֵלְכָ֞ה אַחֲרֵ֤י מְאַהֲבַי֙ נֹתְנֵ֤י לַחְמִי֙ וּמֵימַ֔י צַמְרִ֣י וּפִשְׁתִּ֔י שַׁמְנִ֖י וְשִׁקּוּיָֽי׃",
"text": "For *zāntāh* *ʾimmām*, *hôbîšāh* *hôrātām*; for *ʾāmrāh*, *ʾēlkāh* after *məʾahăbay* *nōtnê* *laḥmî* and *mêmay*, *ṣamrî* and *pištî*, *šamnî* and *šiqqûyāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*zāntāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she committed fornication",
"*ʾimmām*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - their mother",
"*hôbîšāh*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she caused shame",
"*hôrātām*": "qal participle + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - their conceiver",
"*ʾāmrāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she said",
"*ʾēlkāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me go",
"*məʾahăbay*": "piel participle, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my lovers",
"*nōtnê*": "qal participle, masculine, plural, construct - givers of",
"*laḥmî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my bread",
"*mêmay*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my water",
"*ṣamrî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my wool",
"*pištî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my flax",
"*šamnî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my oil",
"*šiqqûyāy*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my drinks"
},
"variants": {
"*zāntāh*": "she committed fornication/played the harlot",
"*ʾimmām*": "their mother (collective reference to the nation)",
"*hôbîšāh*": "she caused shame/acted shamefully",
"*hôrātām*": "their conceiver/she who conceived them",
"*ʾāmrāh*": "she said/spoke/declared",
"*ʾēlkāh*": "let me go/I will pursue",
"*məʾahăbay*": "my lovers/those who love me/my paramours (reference to false gods)",
"*nōtnê*": "givers/providers of",
"*laḥmî*": "my bread/food/sustenance",
"*mêmay*": "my water/drink",
"*ṣamrî*": "my wool/fleece",
"*pištî*": "my flax/linen",
"*šamnî*": "my oil/fat",
"*šiqqûyāy*": "my drinks/beverages"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.8",
"source": "לָכֵ֛ן הִנְנִי־שָׂ֥ךְ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֖ךְ בַּסִּירִ֑ים וְגָֽדַרְתִּי֙ אֶת־גְּדֵרָ֔הּ וּנְתִיבוֹתֶ֖יהָ לֹ֥א תִמְצָֽא׃",
"text": "Therefore *hinnî*-*śāk* *ʾet*-*darkēk* with-the-*sîrîm*; and *gādartî* *ʾet*-*gədērāh* and *nətîbôtêhā* not *timṣāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinnî*": "demonstrative particle + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - behold I",
"*śāk*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - hedging",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*darkēk*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 2nd singular, feminine - your way",
"*sîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - thorns",
"*gādartî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will wall up",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*gədērāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her wall",
"*nətîbôtêhā*": "noun, feminine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her paths",
"*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will find"
},
"variants": {
"*hinnî*": "behold I/here I am",
"*śāk*": "hedging/placing obstacles/blocking",
"*darkēk*": "your way/road/journey",
"*sîrîm*": "thorns/briars/thorn bushes",
"*gādartî*": "I will wall up/hedge up/fence in",
"*gədērāh*": "her wall/fence/barrier",
"*nətîbôtêhā*": "her paths/trails/routes",
"*timṣāʾ*": "she will find/discover/locate"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.9",
"source": "וְרִדְּפָ֤ה אֶת־מְאַהֲבֶ֙יהָ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשִּׂ֣יג אֹתָ֔ם וּבִקְשָׁ֖תַם וְלֹ֣א תִמְצָ֑א וְאָמְרָ֗ה אֵלְכָ֤ה וְאָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ אֶל־אִישִׁ֣י הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב לִ֛י אָ֖ז מֵעָֽתָּה׃",
"text": "And *riddəpāh* *ʾet*-*məʾahăbêhā* and not-*taśśîg* *ʾōtām*, and *biqqəšātam* and not *timṣāʾ*; and *ʾāmrāh*, *ʾēlkāh* and *ʾāšûbāh* to-*ʾîšî* the-*rîʾšôn*, for *ṭôb* to-me *ʾāz* than-*ʿāttāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*riddəpāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will pursue",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*məʾahăbêhā*": "piel participle, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her lovers",
"*taśśîg*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will overtake",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - them",
"*biqqəšātam*": "piel perfect, 3rd singular, feminine + object suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - she will seek them",
"*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will find",
"*ʾāmrāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will say",
"*ʾēlkāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me go",
"*ʾāšûbāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me return",
"*ʾîšî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my husband",
"*rîʾšôn*": "adjective, masculine, singular - first",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine, singular - good",
"*ʾāz*": "adverb - then",
"*ʿāttāh*": "adverb - now"
},
"variants": {
"*riddəpāh*": "she will pursue/chase after/follow",
"*məʾahăbêhā*": "her lovers/those who love her (reference to false gods)",
"*taśśîg*": "she will overtake/reach/catch up with",
"*biqqəšātam*": "she will seek/search for/look for them",
"*timṣāʾ*": "she will find/discover/locate",
"*ʾāmrāh*": "she will say/speak/declare",
"*ʾēlkāh*": "let me go/I will go",
"*ʾāšûbāh*": "let me return/I will return",
"*ʾîšî*": "my husband/spouse (reference to YHWH)",
"*rîʾšôn*": "first/former/previous",
"*ṭôb*": "good/better/pleasant",
"*ʾāz*": "then/at that time",
"*ʿāttāh*": "now/at present"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.10",
"source": "וְהִיא֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְעָ֔ה כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ נָתַ֣תִּי לָ֔הּ הַדָּגָ֖ן וְהַתִּיר֣וֹשׁ וְהַיִּצְהָ֑ר וְכֶ֨סֶף הִרְבֵּ֥יתִי לָ֛הּ וְזָהָ֖ב עָשׂ֥וּ לַבָּֽעַל׃",
"text": "And *hîʾ* not *yādəʿāh* that *ʾānōkî* *nātattî* to-her the-*dāgān* and the-*tîrôš* and the-*yiṣhār*, and *kesep* *hirbêtî* to-her and *zāhāb* *ʿāśû* for-the-*baʿal*.",
"grammar": {
"*hîʾ*": "independent personal pronoun, 3rd singular, feminine - she",
"*yādəʿāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she knew",
"*ʾānōkî*": "independent personal pronoun, 1st singular - I",
"*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I gave",
"*dāgān*": "noun, masculine, singular - grain",
"*tîrôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - new wine",
"*yiṣhār*": "noun, masculine, singular - fresh oil",
"*kesep*": "noun, masculine, singular - silver",
"*hirbêtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I multiplied",
"*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine, singular - gold",
"*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they made/did",
"*baʿal*": "noun, masculine, singular - Baal"
},
"variants": {
"*yādəʿāh*": "she knew/recognized/acknowledged",
"*nātattî*": "I gave/provided/supplied",
"*dāgān*": "grain/corn/cereal",
"*tîrôš*": "new wine/must",
"*yiṣhār*": "fresh oil/olive oil",
"*kesep*": "silver/money",
"*hirbêtî*": "I multiplied/increased/made abundant",
"*zāhāb*": "gold/golden objects",
"*ʿāśû*": "they made/fashioned/used",
"*baʿal*": "Baal/master/false god"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Hosea.2.11",
"source": "לָכֵ֣ן אָשׁ֔וּב וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י דְגָנִי֙ בְּעִתּ֔וֹ וְתִירוֹשִׁ֖י בְּמֽוֹעֲד֑וֹ וְהִצַּלְתִּי֙ צַמְרִ֣י וּפִשְׁתִּ֔י לְכַסּ֖וֹת אֶת־עֶרְוָתָֽהּ׃",
"text": "Therefore *ʾāšûb* and *lāqaḥtî* *dəgānî* in-*ʿittô* and *tîrôšî* in-*môʿădô*; and *hiṣṣaltî* *ṣamrî* and *pištî* to-cover *ʾet*-*ʿerwātāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will return",
"*lāqaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will take",
"*dəgānî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my grain",
"*ʿittô*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, masculine - its time",
"*tîrôšî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my new wine",
"*môʿădô*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, masculine - its season",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will rescue/take away",
"*ṣamrî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my wool",
"*pištî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my flax",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿerwātāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her nakedness"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāšûb*": "I will return/turn back/take back",
"*lāqaḥtî*": "I will take/snatch/remove",
"*dəgānî*": "my grain/corn/cereal",
"*ʿittô*": "its time/its proper time/its season",
"*tîrôšî*": "my new wine/my must",
"*môʿădô*": "its appointed time/its season",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "I will rescue/snatch away/remove",
"*ṣamrî*": "my wool/my fleece",
"*pištî*": "my flax/my linen",
"*ʿerwātāh*": "her nakedness/her shame/her exposed state"
}
}