18 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.18",
"source": "מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃",
"text": "*Mah*-*nneʾenḥāh* *ḇəhēmāh* *nāḇōḵû* *ʿeḏrê* *ḇāqār* *kî* *ʾên* *mirʿeh* *lāhem* *gam*-*ʿeḏrê* *haṣṣōʾn* *neʾšāmû*",
"grammar": {
"*Mah*": "interrogative - how",
"*nneʾenḥāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - groans",
"*ḇəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cattle, beasts",
"*nāḇōḵû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - are confused, wander",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - herds of",
"*ḇāqār*": "noun, masculine singular - cattle, oxen",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them",
"*gam*": "adverb - also",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - flocks of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sheep",
"*neʾšāmû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate, suffer punishment"
},
"variants": {
"*nneʾenḥāh*": "groans/sighs/moans",
"*ḇəhēmāh*": "cattle/beasts/animals",
"*nāḇōḵû*": "are confused/wander/are perplexed",
"*ʿeḏrê*": "herds of/flocks of",
"*ḇāqār*": "cattle/oxen/bovine animals",
"*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land",
"*neʾšāmû*": "they are desolate/they suffer punishment/they bear guilt"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.19",
"source": "אֵלֶ֥יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֶקְרָ֑א כִּ֣י אֵ֗שׁ אָֽכְלָה֙ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֔ר וְלֶ֣הָבָ֔ה לִהֲטָ֖ה כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃",
"text": "*ʾÊlêḵā* *YHWH* *ʾeqrāʾ* *kî* *ʾēš* *ʾāḵlāh* *nəʾôṯ* *miḏbār* *wə*-*lehāḇāh* *lihăṭāh* *kāl*-*ʿăṣê* *haśśāḏeh*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾÊlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name",
"*ʾeqrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common singular - I call, I cry out",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*ʾāḵlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured",
"*nəʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of",
"*miḏbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness, desert",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*lehāḇāh*": "noun, feminine singular - flame",
"*lihăṭāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has scorched",
"*kāl*": "construct state - all of",
"*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of",
"*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾeqrāʾ*": "I call/I cry out/I call upon",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame",
"*ʾāḵlāh*": "has devoured/consumed/eaten",
"*nəʾôṯ*": "pastures/dwelling places/habitations",
"*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uncultivated land",
"*lehāḇāh*": "flame/blaze",
"*lihăṭāh*": "has scorched/has set ablaze/has burned",
"*ʿăṣê*": "trees of/woods of"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Joel.1.20",
"source": "גַּם־בַּהֲמ֥וֹת שָׂדֶ֖ה תַּעֲר֣וֹג אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֤י יָֽבְשׁוּ֙ אֲפִ֣יקֵי מָ֔יִם וְאֵ֕שׁ אָכְלָ֖ה נְא֥וֹת הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃",
"text": "*Gam*-*bahămôṯ* *śāḏeh* *taʿărôḡ* *ʾēlêḵā* *kî* *yāḇšû* *ʾăp̄îqê* *māyim* *wə*-*ʾēš* *ʾāḵlāh* *nəʾôṯ* *hammiḏbār*",
"grammar": {
"*Gam*": "adverb - also, even",
"*bahămôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - beasts of",
"*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field",
"*taʿărôḡ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - pants, longs",
"*ʾēlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*yāḇšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are dried up",
"*ʾăp̄îqê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - channels of",
"*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*ʾāḵlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured",
"*nəʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of",
"*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*bahămôṯ*": "beasts of/animals of",
"*taʿărôḡ*": "pants/longs/yearns",
"*yāḇšû*": "they are dried up/they are parched",
"*ʾăp̄îqê*": "channels of/streams of/water courses of",
"*māyim*": "water/waters",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame",
"*ʾāḵlāh*": "has devoured/consumed/eaten",
"*nəʾôṯ*": "pastures/dwelling places/habitations",
"*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/the desert/the uncultivated land"
}
}