Joshua 10:13

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Joshua.10.13", "source": "וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yīddōm* the *šemeš* and *yārēaḥ* *ʿāmād* until *yīqqōm* *gôy* *ʾōyəbāyw* *hă-lōʾ-hîʾ* *kətûbâ* on *sēper* the *yāšār* and *wə-yaʿămōd* the *šemeš* in *ḥăṣî* the *šāmayīm* and not *ʾāṣ* to *lābôʾ* like *yôm* *tāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yīddōm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became silent/stopped", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon", "*ʿāmād*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood/stayed", "*yīqqōm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would avenge itself", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*ʾōyəbāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his enemies", "*hă-lōʾ-hîʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - is it not?", "*kətûbâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - written", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - book of", "*yāšār*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the upright/just", "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood/remained", "*ḥăṣî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - middle/half of", "*šāmayīm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*ʾāṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened", "*lābôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to come/go", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*tāmîm*": "adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole" }, "variants": { "*wə-yīddōm*": "became silent/stood still/ceased", "*šemeš*": "sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon", "*ʿāmād*": "stood/stayed/halted", "*yīqqōm*": "took vengeance/avenged itself/vindicated", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*ʾōyəbāyw*": "his enemies/adversaries", "*kətûbâ*": "written/recorded", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*yāšār*": "the Upright/Jashar/the Just", "*ḥăṣî*": "half/middle/midst", "*šāmayīm*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāṣ*": "hastened/hurried/rushed", "*lābôʾ*": "to go/to come/to enter", "*tāmîm*": "complete/whole/perfect/full" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃

Transliteration

wə-yīddōm the šemeš and yārēaḥ ʿāmād until yīqqōm gôy ʾōyəbāyw hă-lōʾ-hîʾ kətûbâ on sēper the yāšār and wə-yaʿămōd the šemeš in ḥăṣî the šāmayīm and not ʾāṣ to lābôʾ like yôm tāmîm

Grammar Details

• *wə-yīddōm*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became silent/stopped
• *šemeš*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun
• *yārēaḥ*: noun, masculine singular - moon
• *ʿāmād*: Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood/stayed
• *yīqqōm*: Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would avenge itself
• *gôy*: noun, masculine singular - nation
• *ʾōyəbāyw*: noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his enemies
• *hă-lōʾ-hîʾ*: interrogative particle + negative particle + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - is it not?
• *kətûbâ*: Qal passive participle, feminine singular - written
• *sēper*: noun, masculine singular construct - book of
• *yāšār*: noun/adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the upright/just
• *wə-yaʿămōd*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood/remained
• *ḥăṣî*: noun, masculine singular construct - middle/half of
• *šāmayīm*: noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky
• *ʾāṣ*: Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened
• *lābôʾ*: preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to come/go
• *yôm*: noun, masculine singular - day
• *tāmîm*: adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole

Word Meanings

• *wə-yīddōm*: became silent/stood still/ceased
• *šemeš*: sun
• *yārēaḥ*: moon
• *ʿāmād*: stood/stayed/halted
• *yīqqōm*: took vengeance/avenged itself/vindicated
• *gôy*: nation/people
• *ʾōyəbāyw*: his enemies/adversaries
• *kətûbâ*: written/recorded
• *sēper*: book/scroll/document
• *yāšār*: the Upright/Jashar/the Just
• *ḥăṣî*: half/middle/midst
• *šāmayīm*: heavens/sky
• *ʾāṣ*: hastened/hurried/rushed
• *lābôʾ*: to go/to come/to enter
• *tāmîm*: complete/whole/perfect/full

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  And the sun stood still, and the moon halted until the nation took vengeance on their enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Jashar? The sun stopped in the middle of the sky and delayed going down for about a full day.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is this not written in the Book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, Until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stayed in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Then the Sonne helde styll, and ye Moone stode, vntyll the people had auenged the selues on their enemies. Is not this wrytten in the boke of the righteous? Thus the Sonne stode styll in the myddes of heauen, and dyfferred to go downe for the space of a whole daye after.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And the Sunne abode, & the moone stood still, vntill the people auenged themselues vpon their enemies: (Is not this written in the booke of Iasher?) so the Sunne abode in the middes of the heauen, and hasted not to goe downe for a whole day.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the sunne abode, and the moone stoode styll, vntyll the people auenged them selues vpon their enemies. Is not this written in the booke of the righteous? So the sunne I say abode in the middest of heauen, and hasted not to go downe by the space of a whole day.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. [Is] not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The sun stood still, and the moon stayed, Until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Isn't this written in the book of Jashar? The sun stayed in the midst of the sky, and didn't hurry to go down about a whole day.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the sun standeth still, and the moon hath stood -- till the nation taketh vengeance `on' its enemies; is it not written on the Book of the Upright, `and the sun standeth in the midst of the heavens, and hath not hasted to go in -- as a perfect day?'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, Until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stayed in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, Until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stayed in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the sun was at rest and the moon kept its place till the nation had given punishment to their attackers. (Is it not recorded in the book of Jashar?) So the sun kept its place in the middle of the heavens, and was waiting, and did not go down, for the space of a day.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the nation had avenged themselves of their enemies. Isn't this written in the book of Jashar? The sun stayed in the midst of the sky, and didn't hurry to go down about a whole day.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The sun stood still and the moon stood motionless while the nation took vengeance on its enemies. The event is recorded in the Scroll of the Upright One. The sun stood motionless in the middle of the sky and did not set for about a full day.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Sam 1:18 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.1.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לְלַמֵּ֥ד בְּנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה קָ֑שֶׁת הִנֵּ֥ה כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֥פֶר הַיָּשָֽׁר׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to teach *bənê-yəhûdâ* *qāšet*. *Hinnēh* *kətûbâ* on *sēper* the *yāšār*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said/commanded", "*ləlammēd*": "piel infinitive construct - to teach", "*bənê-yəhûdâ*": "noun masculine plural construct with proper noun - sons of Judah", "*qāšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*kətûbâ*": "passive participle, feminine singular - written", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - book of", "*yāšār*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the upright" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer ləlammēd*": "he ordered to teach/he said to teach", "*bənê-yəhûdâ qāšet*": "the sons of Judah [the song of] the bow/to teach the Judahites [the use of] the bow", "*sēper hayyāšār*": "Book of Jashar/Book of the Upright" } }
• Isa 38:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.38.8", "source": "הִנְנִ֣י מֵשִׁ֣יב אֶת־צֵ֣ל הַֽמַּעֲל֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרְדָה֩ בְמַעֲל֨וֹת אָחָ֥ז בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֑וֹת וַתָּ֤שָׁב הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֔וֹת בַּֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָֽדָה׃ ס", "text": "Behold-me *mēšîb* *ʾet*-*ṣēl* the-*maʿălôt* which *yārədâ* in-*maʿălôt* *ʾĀḥāz* in-the-*šemeš* *ʾăḥōrannît* *ʿeśer* *maʿălôt* and-*wattāšāb* the-*šemeš* *ʿeśer* *maʿălôt* in-the-*maʿălôt* which *yārādâ*.", "grammar": { "*mēšîb*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - causing to return", "*ṣēl*": "masculine singular construct - shadow of", "*maʿălôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - steps/degrees", "*yārədâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it went down", "*maʿălôt*": "feminine plural construct - steps of", "*ʾĀḥāz*": "proper noun - Ahaz", "*šemeš*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - sun", "*ʾăḥōrannît*": "adverb - backward", "*ʿeśer*": "numeral, feminine - ten", "*maʿălôt*": "feminine plural noun - steps/degrees", "*wattāšāb*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it returned", "*šemeš*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - sun", "*ʿeśer*": "numeral, feminine - ten", "*maʿălôt*": "feminine plural noun - steps/degrees", "*maʿălôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - steps/degrees", "*yārādâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it went down" }, "variants": { "*mēšîb*": "causing to return, bringing back, turning back", "*ṣēl*": "shadow, shade", "*maʿălôt*": "steps, stairs, degrees (of sundial)", "*yārədâ*": "went down, descended", "*ʾăḥōrannît*": "backward, back, behind", "*šemeš*": "sun, sunlight" } }
• Hab 3:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.3.11", "source": "שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ יָרֵ֖חַ עָ֣מַד זְבֻ֑לָה לְא֤וֹר חִצֶּ֙יךָ֙ יְהַלֵּ֔כוּ לְנֹ֖גַהּ בְּרַ֥ק חֲנִיתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*Šemeš yārēaḥ* stood *zǝḇulāh*, to light of *ḥiṣṣeḵā* they-move, to brightness of *bǝraq ḥănîṯeḵā*.", "grammar": { "*šemeš*": "noun masculine/feminine singular - sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - moon", "*ʿāmaḏ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - stood/stayed", "*zǝḇulāh*": "noun masculine singular with directional he - in their lofty abode/habitation", "*lǝʾôr*": "preposition *lə* with noun masculine singular construct - at the light of", "*ḥiṣṣeḵā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your arrows", "*yǝhallēḵû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they go forth/march/move", "*lǝnōḡah*": "preposition *lə* with noun masculine singular construct - at the brightness of", "*bǝraq*": "noun masculine singular construct - lightning/flash of", "*ḥănîṯeḵā*": "noun feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your spear" }, "variants": { "*zǝḇulāh*": "in their lofty dwelling/in their habitation/in their exalted place", "*yǝhallēḵû*": "they march/they move/they go" } }
• Matt 5:45 : 45 { "verseID": "Matthew.5.45", "source": "Ὅπως γένησθε υἱοὶ τοῦ Πατρὸς ὑμῶν τοῦ ἐν οὐρανοῖς: ὅτι τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ ἀνατέλλει ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθούς, καὶ βρέχει ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ἀδίκους.", "text": "*Hopōs* *genēsthe* *huioi* of-the *Patros* of-you of-the in *ouranois*: *hoti* the *hēlion* of-him *anatellei* upon *ponērous* and *agathous*, and *brechei* upon *dikaious* and *adikous*.", "grammar": { "*Hopōs*": "conjunction - so that", "*genēsthe*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might become", "*huioi*": "nominative masculine plural - sons", "*Patros*": "genitive masculine singular - of Father", "*ouranois*": "dative masculine plural - in heavens", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/for", "*hēlion*": "accusative masculine singular - sun", "*anatellei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - causes to rise", "*ponērous*": "accusative masculine plural - evil", "*agathous*": "accusative masculine plural - good", "*brechei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - rains", "*dikaious*": "accusative masculine plural - righteous", "*adikous*": "accusative masculine plural - unrighteous" }, "variants": { "*Hopōs*": "so that/in order that", "*genēsthe*": "might become/prove to be", "*huioi*": "sons/children (indicating likeness)", "*Patros*": "Father/progenitor", "*ouranois*": "heavens/skies", "*hēlion*": "sun", "*anatellei*": "causes to rise/makes rise/brings up", "*ponērous*": "evil/wicked/bad", "*agathous*": "good/upright/beneficial", "*brechei*": "rains/sends rain", "*dikaious*": "righteous/just/upright", "*adikous*": "unrighteous/unjust/wicked" } }
• Matt 24:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Matthew.24.29", "source": "¶Εὐθέως δὲ μετὰ τὴν θλῖψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων ὁ ἥλιος σκοτισθήσεται, καὶ ἡ σελήνη οὐ δώσει τὸ φέγγος αὐτῆς, καὶ οἱ ἀστέρες πεσοῦνται ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν οὐρανῶν σαλευθήσονται:", "text": "But immediately after the *thlipsin* of the *hēmerōn* those the *hēlios* *skotisthēsetai*, and the *selēnē* not *dōsei* the *phengos* of her, and the *asteres* *pesountai* from the *ouranou*, and the *dynameis* of the *ouranōn* *saleuthēsontai*:", "grammar": { "*thlipsin*": "accusative feminine singular - tribulation/affliction", "*hēmerōn*": "genitive feminine plural - of days", "*hēlios*": "nominative masculine singular - sun", "*skotisthēsetai*": "future passive, 3rd person singular - will be darkened", "*selēnē*": "nominative feminine singular - moon", "*dōsei*": "future active, 3rd person singular - will give", "*phengos*": "accusative neuter singular - light", "*asteres*": "nominative masculine plural - stars", "*pesountai*": "future middle, 3rd person plural - will fall", "*ouranou*": "genitive masculine singular - heaven/sky", "*dynameis*": "nominative feminine plural - powers", "*ouranōn*": "genitive masculine plural - of heavens", "*saleuthēsontai*": "future passive, 3rd person plural - will be shaken" }, "variants": { "*thlipsin*": "tribulation/affliction/distress", "*hēmerōn*": "days/times", "*hēlios*": "sun", "*skotisthēsetai*": "will be darkened/obscured", "*selēnē*": "moon", "*dōsei*": "will give/provide/grant", "*phengos*": "light/brightness/radiance", "*asteres*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*pesountai*": "will fall/drop/descend", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky/firmament", "*dynameis*": "powers/forces/authorities", "*ouranōn*": "heavens/skies", "*saleuthēsontai*": "will be shaken/agitated/disturbed" } }
• Luke 18:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Luke.18.7", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Θεὸς οὐ μὴ ποιήσει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν αὐτοῦ, τῶν βοώντων πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός, καὶ μακροθυμῶν ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς;", "text": "The *de* *Theos* *ou* *mē* *poiēsei* the *ekdikēsin* of-the *eklektōn* of-him, the ones *boōntōn* *pros* him *hēmeras* and *nyktos*, and *makrothymōn* upon them?", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction, adversative/transitional - but/and", "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God", "*ou* *mē*": "double negative, emphatic - certainly not/by no means", "*poiēsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd person singular - will do/make", "*ekdikēsin*": "accusative feminine singular - vindication/justice", "*eklektōn*": "genitive masculine plural - chosen/elect ones", "*boōntōn*": "present active participle, genitive masculine plural - crying out", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*hēmeras*": "genitive feminine singular - day", "*nyktos*": "genitive feminine singular - night", "*makrothymōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - being patient" }, "variants": { "*ou* *mē*": "certainly not/by no means/surely [emphatic negation]", "*poiēsei*": "will do/will make/will execute", "*ekdikēsin*": "vindication/justice/vengeance", "*eklektōn*": "chosen ones/elect/selected ones", "*boōntōn*": "crying out/calling/shouting", "*makrothymōn*": "being patient/long-suffering/delaying" } }
• Acts 2:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Acts.2.20", "source": "Ὁ ἥλιος μεταστραφήσεται εἰς σκότος, καὶ ἡ σελήνη εἰς αἷμα, πρὶν ἡ ἐλθεῖν τὴν ἡμέραν Κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ:", "text": "The *hēlios* *metastraphēsetai* into *skotos*, and the *selēnē* into *haima*, before the *elthein* the *hēmeran* of *Kyriou* the *megalēn* and *epiphanē*:", "grammar": { "*hēlios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sun", "*metastraphēsetai*": "future passive, 3rd person singular - will be turned/changed", "*skotos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - darkness", "*selēnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - moon", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*elthein*": "aorist active infinitive - to come", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*megalēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - great", "*epiphanē*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glorious/notable/manifest" }, "variants": { "*metastraphēsetai*": "will be turned/changed/transformed", "*skotos*": "darkness/gloom", "*elthein*": "to come/arrive", "*megalēn*": "great/large/mighty", "*epiphanē*": "glorious/notable/manifest/illustrious" } }
• Rev 6:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Revelation.6.10", "source": "Καὶ ἔκραξαν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, λέγοντες, Ἕως πότε, ὁ Δεσπότης, ὁ ἅγιος καὶ ἀληθινός, οὐ κρίνεις καὶ ἐκδικεῖς τὸ αἷμα ἡμῶν ἐκ τῶν κατοικούντων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς;", "text": "And *ekraxan* *phōnē* *megalē*, *legontes*, Until when, O *Despotēs*, the *hagios* and *alēthinos*, not *krineis* and *ekdikeis* the *haima* of us from those *katoikountōn* upon the *gēs*?", "grammar": { "*ekraxan*": "aorist, 3rd person plural - cried out [point in time]", "*phōnē*": "dative, feminine, singular - with voice/sound", "*megalē*": "dative, feminine, singular - great/loud", "*legontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*Despotēs*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Master/Lord/Sovereign", "*hagios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - holy one", "*alēthinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - true one", "*krineis*": "present, 2nd person singular - you judge", "*ekdikeis*": "present, 2nd person singular - you avenge", "*haima*": "accusative, neuter, singular - blood", "*katoikountōn*": "present participle, genitive, masculine, plural - those dwelling/inhabiting", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ekraxan*": "cried out/shouted/called aloud", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound/noise", "*megalē*": "great/loud/mighty", "*legontes*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*Despotēs*": "Master/Sovereign/Ruler/Lord", "*hagios*": "holy/set apart/consecrated", "*alēthinos*": "true/genuine/real", "*krineis*": "judge/decide/assess", "*ekdikeis*": "avenge/vindicate/exact justice for", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/life", "*katoikountōn*": "dwelling/inhabiting/living", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground/world" } }
• Rev 6:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Revelation.6.12", "source": "Καὶ εἶδον ὅτε ἤνοιξεν τὴν σφραγῖδα τὴν ἕκτην, καὶ, ἰδού, σεισμὸς μέγας ἐγένετο· καὶ ὁ ἥλιος ἐγένετο μέλας ὡς σάκκος τρίχινος, καὶ ἡ σελήνη ἐγένετο ὡς αἷμα·", "text": "And *eidon* when *ēnoixen* the *sphragida* the sixth, and, *idou*, *seismos* *megas* *egeneto*; and the *hēlios* *egeneto* *melas* as *sakkos* *trichinos*, and the *selēnē* *egeneto* as *haima*;", "grammar": { "*eidon*": "aorist, 1st person singular - saw [point in time]", "*ēnoixen*": "aorist, 3rd person singular - opened [point in time]", "*sphragida*": "accusative, feminine, singular - seal", "*idou*": "aorist imperative - behold/look", "*seismos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - earthquake", "*megas*": "nominative, masculine, singular - great/large", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle, 3rd person singular - became/happened", "*hēlios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sun", "*melas*": "nominative, masculine, singular - black", "*sakkos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*trichinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - made of hair", "*selēnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - moon", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood" }, "variants": { "*sphragida*": "seal/signet", "*idou*": "behold/look/see", "*seismos*": "earthquake/shaking", "*megas*": "great/large/mighty", "*egeneto*": "became/happened/came to be", "*hēlios*": "sun/sunlight", "*melas*": "black/dark", "*sakkos*": "sackcloth/coarse cloth", "*trichinos*": "made of hair/hairy", "*selēnē*": "moon/moonlight", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed" } }
• Rev 8:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Revelation.8.12", "source": "Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος ἐσάλπισεν, καὶ ἐπλήγη τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ἡλίου, καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῆς σελήνης, καὶ τὸ τρίτον τῶν ἀστέρων· ἵνα σκοτισθῇ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῶν, καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα μὴ φαίνῃ τὸ τρίτον αὐτῆς, καὶ ἡ νὺξ ὁμοίως.", "text": "And the fourth *angelos* *esalpisen*, and *eplēgē* the third of the *hēliou*, and the third of the *selēnēs*, and the third of the *asterōn*; that *skotisthē* the third of them, and the *hēmera* not *phainē* the third of it, and the *nyx* likewise.", "grammar": { "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*esalpisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - sounded the trumpet [completed action]", "*eplēgē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - was struck", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the sun", "*selēnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the moon", "*asterōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of the stars", "*skotisthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd singular - might be darkened", "*hēmera*": "nominative, feminine, singular - day", "*phainē*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd singular - might shine", "*nyx*": "nominative, feminine, singular - night" }, "variants": { "*angelos*": "angel/messenger", "*esalpisen*": "sounded the trumpet/blew the horn", "*eplēgē*": "was struck/was hit/was smitten", "*hēliou*": "sun/solar body", "*selēnēs*": "moon/lunar body", "*asterōn*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*skotisthē*": "might be darkened/might become dark", "*hēmera*": "day/daytime", "*phainē*": "might shine/might give light", "*nyx*": "night/nighttime" } }
• Rev 16:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.8", "source": "Καὶ ὁ τέταρτος ἄγγελος ἐξέχεεν τὴν φιάλην αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸν ἥλιον· καὶ ἐδόθη αὐτῷ καυματίσαι τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐν πυρί.", "text": "And the *tetartos* *angelos* *execheen* the *phialēn* of-him upon the *hēlion*; and *edothē* to-him to-*kaumatisai* the *anthrōpous* with *pyri*.", "grammar": { "*tetartos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - fourth", "*angelos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - angel/messenger", "*execheen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - poured out", "*phialēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - bowl/vial", "*hēlion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - sun", "*edothē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was given", "*kaumatisai*": "aorist active infinitive - to scorch/burn", "*anthrōpous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - men/humans/people", "*pyri*": "dative, neuter, singular - fire" }, "variants": { "*execheen*": "poured out/emptied", "*edothē*": "was given/granted/allowed", "*kaumatisai*": "to scorch/burn/sear", "*anthrōpous*": "men/humans/people/mankind", "*pyri*": "fire/flame/heat" } } 9 { "verseID": "Revelation.16.9", "source": "Καὶ ἐκαυματίσθησαν οἱ ἄνθρωποι καῦμα μέγα, καὶ ἐβλασφήμησαν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ, τοῦ ἔχοντος ἐξουσίαν ἐπὶ τὰς πληγὰς ταύτας: καὶ οὐ μετενόησαν δοῦναι αὐτῷ δόξαν.", "text": "And *ekaumatisthēsan* the *anthrōpoi* *kauma* *mega*, and they *eblasphēmēsan* the *onoma* of-the *Theou*, the one *echontos* *exousian* over the *plēgas* *tautas*: and not they *metenoēsan* to-*dounai* to-him *doxan*.", "grammar": { "*ekaumatisthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were scorched/burned", "*anthrōpoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men/humans/people", "*kauma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - heat/burning", "*mega*": "accusative, neuter, singular - great/intense", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - blasphemed/slandered", "*onoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - name", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*echontos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - having", "*exousian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - authority/power", "*plēgas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - plagues/blows", "*tautas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - these", "*metenoēsan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - repented/changed mind", "*dounai*": "aorist active infinitive - to give", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/honor" }, "variants": { "*ekaumatisthēsan*": "were scorched/burned/seared", "*kauma*": "heat/burning/fever", "*eblasphēmēsan*": "blasphemed/cursed/spoke evil against", "*onoma*": "name/reputation/character", "*echontos*": "having/possessing/holding", "*exousian*": "authority/power/control", "*plēgas*": "plagues/blows/calamities", "*metenoēsan*": "repented/changed mind/turned", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/praise" } }
• Rev 21:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Revelation.21.23", "source": "Καὶ ἡ πόλις οὐ χρείαν ἔχει τοῦ ἡλίου, οὐδὲ τῆς σελήνης, ἵνα φαίνωσιν ἐν αὐτῇ: ἡ γὰρ δόξα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐφώτισεν αὐτήν, καὶ ὁ λύχνος αὐτῆς τὸ Ἀρνίον.", "text": "And the *polis* not *chreian* *echei* of-the *hēliou*, neither of-the *selēnēs*, that they-may-*phainōsin* in her: the for *doxa* of-the *Theou* *ephōtisen* her, and the *lychnos* of-her the *Arnion*.", "grammar": { "*polis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - city", "*chreian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - need/necessity", "*echei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - has", "*hēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - sun", "*selēnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - moon", "*phainōsin*": "present active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - might shine", "*doxa*": "nominative, feminine, singular - glory/splendor", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*ephōtisen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - illuminated/enlightened", "*lychnos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - lamp/light", "*Arnion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - Lamb" }, "variants": { "*polis*": "city/town", "*chreian*": "need/necessity/requirement", "*echei*": "has/holds/possesses", "*hēliou*": "sun/solar body", "*selēnēs*": "moon/lunar body", "*phainōsin*": "might shine/might appear/might give light", "*doxa*": "glory/splendor/radiance/honor", "*ephōtisen*": "illuminated/enlightened/gave light to", "*lychnos*": "lamp/light/illumination source", "*Arnion*": "Lamb (symbolic reference to Christ)" } }
• Esth 8:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Esther.8.13", "source": "פַּתְשֶׁ֣גֶן הַכְּתָ֗ב לְהִנָּ֤תֵֽן דָּת֙ בְּכָל־מְדִינָ֣ה וּמְדִינָ֔ה גָּל֖וּי לְכָל־הָעַמִּ֑ים וְלִהְי֨וֹת הַיְּהוּדִ֤ים עֲתִידִים֙ לַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם מֵאֹיְבֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*patšegen* the *kĕtāb* to *hinnātēn* *dāt* in all-*mĕdînâ* and *mĕdînâ* *gālûy* to all-the *'ammîm* and to *hĕyôt* the *yĕhûdîm* *'ătîdîm* to the *yôm* the *zeh* to *hinnāqēm* from *'ōyĕbêhem*.", "grammar": { "*patšegen*": "masculine singular construct - copy of", "*kĕtāb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - writing/document", "*hinnātēn*": "niphal infinitive construct - to be given", "*dāt*": "feminine singular - law/decree", "*gālûy*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - being disclosed", "*'ammîm*": "definite masculine plural - peoples", "*hĕyôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to be", "*'ătîdîm*": "masculine plural adjective - ready", "*yôm*": "definite masculine singular - day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hinnāqēm*": "niphal infinitive construct - to take revenge", "*'ōyĕbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies" }, "variants": { "*patšegen*": "copy/transcript", "*hinnātēn* *dāt*": "to be issued as law/to be published as decree", "*gālûy*": "disclosed/published/proclaimed", "*'ătîdîm*": "ready/prepared", "*hinnāqēm*": "to take revenge/avenge themselves/retaliate" } }
• Ps 19:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.19.4", "source": "אֵֽין־אֹ֭מֶר וְאֵ֣ין דְּבָרִ֑ים בְּ֝לִ֗י נִשְׁמָ֥ע קוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾēyn*-*ʾōmer* and-*ʾēyn* *dəḇārîm* *bəlî* *nišmāʿ* *qôlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾēyn*": "particle of negation - there is not/no", "*ʾōmer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - speech/saying", "*dəḇārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - words/things", "*bəlî*": "preposition - without", "*nišmāʿ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine, singular - being heard", "*qôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3mp suffix - their voice" }, "variants": { "*ʾēyn*": "there is not/no/without", "*ʾōmer*": "speech/saying/utterance", "*dəḇārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*bəlî*": "without/lacking", "*nišmāʿ*": "is heard/being heard", "*qôlām*": "their voice/sound" } }
• Ps 74:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.16", "source": "לְךָ֣ י֭וֹם אַף־לְךָ֥ לָ֑יְלָה אַתָּ֥ה הֲ֝כִינ֗וֹתָ מָא֥וֹר וָשָֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "To you *yom*, also to you *laylah*; *attah hachinota ma'or va-shamesh*.", "grammar": { "*lecha*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'to you/yours'", "*yom*": "masculine singular noun - 'day'", "*af-lecha*": "conjunction + preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'also to you'", "*laylah*": "masculine singular noun - 'night'", "*attah*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - 'you'", "*hachinota*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you established'", "*ma'or*": "masculine singular noun - 'light/luminary'", "*va-shamesh*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - 'and sun'" }, "variants": { "*hachinota*": "established/prepared/set in place", "*ma'or*": "light/luminary/light-giver", "*shamesh*": "sun/solar light" } } 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.74.17", "source": "אַתָּ֣ה הִ֭צַּבְתָּ כָּל־גְּבוּל֣וֹת אָ֑רֶץ קַ֥יִץ וָ֝חֹ֗רֶף אַתָּ֥ה יְצַרְתָּם׃", "text": "*Attah hitsavta kol-gevulot arets*, *qayits va-choref attah yetsartam*.", "grammar": { "*Attah*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - 'you'", "*hitsavta*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'you set/established'", "*kol-gevulot*": "construct phrase - 'all boundaries of'", "*arets*": "feminine singular noun - 'earth/land'", "*qayits*": "masculine singular noun - 'summer'", "*va-choref*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - 'and winter'", "*yetsartam*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'you formed them'" }, "variants": { "*hitsavta*": "set/established/fixed", "*gevulot*": "boundaries/borders/territories", "*qayits*": "summer/fruit harvest season", "*choref*": "winter/rainy season", "*yetsartam*": "formed them/shaped them/created them" } }
• Ps 136:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.7", "source": "לְ֭עֹשֵׂה אוֹרִ֣ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "to-*ʿōśēh* *ʾôrîm* *gədōlîm* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for the one making", "*ʾôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lights", "*gədōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśēh*": "making/creating/fashioning", "*ʾôrîm*": "lights/luminaries", "*gədōlîm*": "great/large/mighty", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.8", "source": "אֶת־הַ֭שֶּׁמֶשׁ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת בַּיּ֑וֹם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾet*-the-*šemeš* to-*memšelet* in-the-*yôm* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*memšelet*": "noun, feminine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for dominion/rule", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and prefixed preposition bet - in the day", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*šemeš*": "sun", "*memšelet*": "dominion/rule/authority", "*yôm*": "day/daytime", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.9", "source": "אֶת־הַיָּרֵ֣חַ וְ֭כוֹכָבִים לְמֶמְשְׁל֣וֹת בַּלָּ֑יְלָה כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾet*-the-*yārēaḥ* *wə*-*kôkābîm* to-*memšəlôt* in-the-*lāyəlāh* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the moon", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*kôkābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - stars", "*memšəlôt*": "noun, feminine plural with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for dominions/rules", "*lāyəlāh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and prefixed preposition bet - in the night", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*yārēaḥ*": "moon", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*memšəlôt*": "dominions/rules/authorities", "*lāyəlāh*": "night/nighttime", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } }
• Ps 148:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.148.3", "source": "הַֽ֭לְלוּהוּ שֶׁ֣מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֑חַ הַ֝לְל֗וּהוּ כָּל־כּ֥וֹכְבֵי אֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Hallelûhû* *šemeš* *weyārēaḥ* *hallelûhû* *kol*-*kôkebê* *ʾôr*", "grammar": { "*Hallelûhû*": "imperative plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - praise him", "*šemeš*": "noun feminine singular - sun", "*weyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and moon", "*hallelûhû*": "imperative plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - praise him", "*kol*": "construct noun - all of", "*kôkebê*": "noun masculine plural construct - stars of", "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular - light" }, "variants": { "*šemeš*": "sun/sunlight", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body", "*kôkebê*": "stars/heavenly bodies", "*ʾôr*": "light/brightness/illumination" } }
• Isa 24:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.23", "source": "וְחָֽפְרָה֙ הַלְּבָנָ֔ה וּבוֹשָׁ֖ה הַֽחַמָּ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלַ֞ךְ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת בְּהַ֤ר צִיּוֹן֙ וּבִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְנֶ֥גֶד זְקֵנָ֖יו כָּבֽוֹד׃", "text": "And-*ḥāpərāh* the-*ləbānāh* and-*bôšāh* the-*ḥammāh* *kî*-*mālak* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* in-*har* *Ṣiyyôn* and-in-*Yərûšālaim* and-before *zəqēnāyw* *kābôd*", "grammar": { "*ḥāpərāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction ו - and will be ashamed", "*ləbānāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the moon", "*bôšāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with conjunction ו - and will be confounded", "*ḥammāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mālak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - reigns/has become king", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "common noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*har*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition ב - in mountain of", "*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun with preposition ב and conjunction ו - and in Jerusalem", "*zəqēnāyw*": "adjective, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition נגד with conjunction ו - and before his elders", "*kābôd*": "common noun, masculine singular - glory" }, "variants": { "*ḥāpərāh*": "will be ashamed/will be disgraced/will be confounded", "*ləbānāh*": "moon/white one", "*bôšāh*": "will be confounded/will be embarrassed/will be ashamed", "*ḥammāh*": "sun/hot one", "*mālak*": "reigns/has become king/rules", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "of hosts/of armies", "*zəqēnāyw*": "his elders/his old men/his officials", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/splendor" } }
• Num 21:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Numbers.21.14", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ יֵֽאָמַ֔ר בְּסֵ֖פֶר מִלְחֲמֹ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה אֶת־וָהֵ֣ב בְּסוּפָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַנְּחָלִ֖ים אַרְנֽוֹן׃", "text": "Upon-*kēn* *yē'āmar* in-*sēp̄er* *milḥămōṯ* *YHWH* *'eṯ*-*wāhēḇ* in-*sûp̄â* and-*'eṯ*-the-*nəḥālîm* *'arnôn*.", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*yē'āmar*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it is said", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular construct - book of", "*milḥămōṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - wars of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wāhēḇ*": "proper noun - Waheb", "*sûp̄â*": "noun feminine singular - storm/whirlwind", "*nəḥālîm*": "definite noun masculine plural - the wadis/valleys", "*'arnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon" }, "variants": { "*sēp̄er milḥămōṯ YHWH*": "Book of the Wars of YHWH (ancient collection)", "*wāhēḇ bəsûp̄â*": "Waheb in Suphah (place names, meaning uncertain)", "*nəḥālîm*": "wadis/valleys/streams" } }
• Num 31:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Numbers.31.2", "source": "נְקֹ֗ם נִקְמַת֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מֵאֵ֖ת הַמִּדְיָנִ֑ים אַחַ֖ר תֵּאָסֵ֥ף אֶל־עַמֶּֽיךָ׃", "text": "*nəqōm* *niqmaṯ* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *mēʾēṯ* *ham-miḏyānîm* *ʾaḥar* *tēʾāsēp̄* *ʾel-ʿammêḵā*", "grammar": { "*nəqōm*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - avenge", "*niqmaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mēʾēṯ*": "preposition compound - from", "*ham-miḏyānîm*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - the Midianites", "*ʾaḥar*": "adverb - afterward", "*tēʾāsēp̄*": "Niphal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will be gathered", "*ʾel-ʿammêḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your people" }, "variants": { "*nəqōm*": "avenge/take vengeance", "*niqmaṯ*": "vengeance/vindication", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*mēʾēṯ*": "from/against", "*tēʾāsēp̄*": "you will be gathered/collected/joined", "*ʾel-ʿammêḵā*": "to your people/to your ancestors/to your fathers" } }
• Josh 10:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב", "text": "And *wayəhî* in *nusām* from before *yiśrāʾēl*, they in descent of *bêt-ḥôrōn*, and *YHWH* *hišlîḵ* upon-them stones *gəḏōlôt* from-*haššāmayim* until-*ʿăzēqāh*, and *wayyāmutû*; many who-*mētû* by stones of *habbārāḏ* than which *hārəgû* sons of *yiśrāʾēl* with *heḥāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened", "*nusām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fleeing", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bêt-ḥôrōn*": "proper noun - Beth-horon", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hišlîḵ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil stem - he threw down", "*gəḏōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - large", "*haššāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʿăzēqāh*": "proper noun - Azekah", "*wayyāmutû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they died", "*mētû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they died", "*habbārāḏ*": "noun with definite article - the hail", "*hārəgû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they killed", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*heḥāreḇ*": "noun with definite article - the sword" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*nusām*": "their fleeing/escaping/running away", "*hišlîḵ*": "he threw down/cast down/hurled", "*gəḏōlôt*": "large/great/huge", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky", "*wayyāmutû*": "and they died/perished", "*mētû*": "they died/perished", "*habbārāḏ*": "the hail/hailstones", "*hārəgû*": "they killed/slew/slaughtered", "*heḥāreḇ*": "the sword/weapon" } }
• Josh 10:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.14", "source": "וְלֹ֨א הָיָ֜ה כַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ לְפָנָ֣יו וְאַחֲרָ֔יו לִשְׁמֹ֥עַ יְהוָ֖ה בְּק֣וֹל אִ֑ישׁ כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֖ם לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And not *hāyâ* like the *yôm* that *lə-pānāyw* and *ʾaḥărāyw* *lišmōaʿ* *YHWH* to *qôl* *ʾîš* because *YHWH* *nilḥām* for *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*lə-pānāyw*": "preposition + noun, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - before it/him", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - after it/him", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear/obey", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*nilḥām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fought", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "was/happened/existed", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*lə-pānāyw*": "before it/before him/previously", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "after it/after him/afterward", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to hear/to listen/to obey", "*qôl*": "voice/sound", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual", "*nilḥām*": "fought/battled", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel" } }
• Judg 5:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Judges.5.2", "source": "בִּפְרֹ֤עַ פְּרָעוֹת֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב עָ֑ם בָּרֲכ֖וּ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "In-*para* *peraot* in-*Israel* in-*nadab* people, *barak* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "בִּפְרֹ֤עַ": "preposition ב + Qal infinitive construct - in loosening/leading", "*peraot*": "noun, feminine plural - leaders/long hair/loosening", "בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל": "preposition ב + proper name - in Israel", "בְּהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב": "preposition ב + Hithpael infinitive construct - in volunteering/offering oneself", "עָ֑ם": "noun, masculine singular - people", "בָּרֲכ֖וּ": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - bless!", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*para*": "to loosen/lead/let loose hair", "*peraot*": "leaders/those with long hair/acts of leadership", "*nadab*": "to volunteer/offer willingly/dedicate oneself", "*barak*": "bless/praise/kneel" } }
• Judg 16:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Judges.16.28", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֥א שִׁמְשׁ֛וֹן אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יֱהֹוִ֡ה זָכְרֵ֣נִי נָא֩ וְחַזְּקֵ֨נִי נָ֜א אַ֣ךְ הַפַּ֤עַם הַזֶּה֙ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְאִנָּקְמָ֧ה נְקַם־אַחַ֛ת מִשְּׁתֵ֥י עֵינַ֖י מִפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "*wa*-*yiqrā* *šimšôn* to-*YHWH* *wa*-*yōʾmar*: *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *zāḵrēnî* *nāʾ* *wə*-*ḥazzəqēnî* *nāʾ* *ʾaḵ* the-*paʿam* the-*zeh* *hā*-*ʾĕlōhîm*, *wə*-*ʾinnāqəmâ* *nəqam*-*ʾaḥat* from-*štê* *ʿênay* from-*pəlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yiqrā*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*šimšôn*": "proper noun - Samson", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*wa*-*yōʾmar*": "consecutive imperfect, Qal, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*zāḵrēnî*": "imperative, Qal, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - remember me", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*ḥazzəqēnî*": "imperative, Piel, 2nd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - strengthen me", "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - only/just", "*paʿam*": "feminine singular noun - time/occasion", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*hā*-*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun (divine singular) - God", "*ʾinnāqəmâ*": "cohortative, Niphal, 1st person singular - that I may be avenged", "*nəqam*-*ʾaḥat*": "construct noun with feminine numeral - vengeance of one", "*štê*": "construct state dual numeral - two of", "*ʿênay*": "dual noun with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, plural - Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḵ*": "only/just/surely", "*paʿam*": "time/occasion/instance", "*nəqam*-*ʾaḥat*": "one vengeance/single revenge/vengeance at once", "*ʾinnāqəmâ*": "that I may be avenged/let me take revenge" } }
• Joel 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Joel.2.10", "source": "לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃", "text": "Before-*pānāyw* *rāgezâ* *ʾerets* *rāʿăshû* *shāmāyim* *shemesh* and-*yārēaḥ* *qādārû* and-*kôkhābîm* *ʾāsefû* *nāgehām*.", "grammar": { "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/his presence", "*rāgezâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - quakes/trembles", "*ʾerets*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*rāʿăshû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - shake/quake", "*shāmāyim*": "masculine dual noun - heavens/sky", "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun - sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - moon", "*qādārû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - become dark/become black", "*kôkhābîm*": "masculine plural noun - stars", "*ʾāsefû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - withdraw/gather in", "*nāgehām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brightness" }, "variants": { "*rāgezâ*": "quakes/trembles/is agitated", "*rāʿăshû*": "shake/quake/tremble", "*qādārû*": "become dark/become black/mourn", "*ʾāsefû*": "withdraw/gather in/take away" } }
• Joel 2:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Joel.2.31", "source": "הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ יֵהָפֵ֣ךְ לְחֹ֔שֶׁךְ וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ לְדָ֑ם לִפְנֵ֗י בּ֚וֹא י֣וֹם יְהוָ֔ה הַגָּד֖וֹל וְהַנּוֹרָֽא׃", "text": "The-*shemesh* *yēhāfēkh* to-*ḥōshekh* and-the-*yārēaḥ* to-*dām* before *bôʾ* *yôm* *YHWH* the-*gādôl* and-the-*nôrāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sun", "*yēhāfēkh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be turned/changed", "*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the moon", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*bôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct - coming of", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the great", "*nôrāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the dreadful/feared" }, "variants": { "*yēhāfēkh*": "will be turned/changed/transformed", "*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*gādôl*": "great/mighty/important", "*nôrāʾ*": "dreadful/feared/awesome/terrible" } }
• Joel 3:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Joel.3.15", "source": "שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֖חַ קָדָ֑רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם", "text": "*Šemeš* and-*yārēaḥ* *qāḏārû* and-*kôḵāḇîm* *ʾāsəp̄û* *nāḡəhām*", "grammar": { "*šemeš*": "masculine/feminine singular noun - sun", "*wəyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and moon", "*qāḏārû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - darken/grow dark", "*wəḵôḵāḇîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and stars", "*ʾāsəp̄û*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - withdraw/gather in", "*nāḡəhām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brightness" }, "variants": { "*qāḏārû*": "grow dark/be darkened/be black", "*ʾāsəp̄û*": "withdraw/gather in/collect", "*nāḡəhām*": "their brightness/their shining/their light" } }