10{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.10",
"source": "וַיְהֻמֵּ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּכֵּ֥ם מַכָּֽה־גְדוֹלָ֖ה בְּגִבְע֑וֹן וַֽיִּרְדְּפֵ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ מַעֲלֵ֣ה בֵית־חוֹרֹ֔ן וַיַּכֵּ֥ם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וְעַד־מַקֵּדָֽה",
"text": "And *wayəhummēm* *YHWH* before *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyakkēm* *makkāh*-*gəḏôlāh* in *gibəʿôn*; and *wayyirədəp̄ēm* way of ascent of *bêt-ḥôrōn*, and *wayyakkēm* until-*ʿăzēqāh* and until-*maqqēḏāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhummēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix, hiphil stem - and he confused them",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wayyakkēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix, hiphil stem - and he struck them",
"*makkāh*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striking of",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - great",
"*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon",
"*wayyirədəp̄ēm*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he pursued them",
"*bêt-ḥôrōn*": "proper noun - Beth-horon",
"*ʿăzēqāh*": "proper noun - Azekah",
"*maqqēḏāh*": "proper noun - Makkedah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhummēm*": "and he confused them/threw them into panic/discomfited them",
"*wayyakkēm*": "and he struck them/smote them/attacked them",
"*makkāh*": "striking/blow/defeat",
"*gəḏôlāh*": "great/large/severe",
"*wayyirədəp̄ēm*": "and he pursued them/chased them/followed after them"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.11",
"source": "וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב",
"text": "And *wayəhî* in *nusām* from before *yiśrāʾēl*, they in descent of *bêt-ḥôrōn*, and *YHWH* *hišlîḵ* upon-them stones *gəḏōlôt* from-*haššāmayim* until-*ʿăzēqāh*, and *wayyāmutû*; many who-*mētû* by stones of *habbārāḏ* than which *hārəgû* sons of *yiśrāʾēl* with *heḥāreḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened",
"*nusām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fleeing",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*bêt-ḥôrōn*": "proper noun - Beth-horon",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*hišlîḵ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil stem - he threw down",
"*gəḏōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - large",
"*haššāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens",
"*ʿăzēqāh*": "proper noun - Azekah",
"*wayyāmutû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they died",
"*mētû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they died",
"*habbārāḏ*": "noun with definite article - the hail",
"*hārəgû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they killed",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*heḥāreḇ*": "noun with definite article - the sword"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was",
"*nusām*": "their fleeing/escaping/running away",
"*hišlîḵ*": "he threw down/cast down/hurled",
"*gəḏōlôt*": "large/great/huge",
"*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky",
"*wayyāmutû*": "and they died/perished",
"*mētû*": "they died/perished",
"*habbārāḏ*": "the hail/hailstones",
"*hārəgû*": "they killed/slew/slaughtered",
"*heḥāreḇ*": "the sword/weapon"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.12",
"source": "אָ֣ז יְדַבֵּ֤ר יְהוֹשֻׁעָ֙[c] לַֽיהוָ֔ה בְּי֗וֹם תֵּ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י לִפְנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ לְעֵינֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בְּגִבְע֣וֹן דּ֔וֹם וְיָרֵ֖חַ בְּעֵ֥מֶק אַיָּלֽוֹן",
"text": "Then *yəḏabbēr* *yəhôšuaʿ* to-*YHWH* in day *tēt* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*hāʾĕmōrî* before sons of *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyōmer* to eyes of *yiśrāʾēl*: *šemeš* in *gibəʿôn* *dôm* and *yārēaḥ* in valley of *ʾayyālôn*",
"grammar": {
"*yəḏabbēr*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, piel stem - he spoke",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh",
"*tēt*": "infinitive construct - giving",
"*hāʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - the Amorites",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*šemeš*": "noun, common singular - sun",
"*gibəʿôn*": "proper noun - Gibeon",
"*dôm*": "imperative, masculine singular - be still",
"*yārēaḥ*": "noun, common singular - moon",
"*ʾayyālôn*": "proper noun - Aijalon"
},
"variants": {
"*yəḏabbēr*": "he spoke/said/declared",
"*tēt*": "giving/delivering/handing over",
"*hāʾĕmōrî*": "the Amorites/Amorite people",
"*wayyōmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*šemeš*": "sun/sunlight",
"*dôm*": "be still/stop/stand silent",
"*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Joshua.10.13",
"source": "וַיִּדֹּ֨ם הַשֶּׁ֜מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֣חַ עָמָ֗ד עַד־יִקֹּ֥ם גּוֹי֙ אֹֽיְבָ֔יו הֲלֹא־הִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה עַל־סֵ֣פֶר הַיָּשָׁ֑ר וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בַּחֲצִ֣י הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְלֹא־אָ֥ץ לָב֖וֹא כְּי֥וֹם תָּמִֽים׃",
"text": "*wə-yīddōm* the *šemeš* and *yārēaḥ* *ʿāmād* until *yīqqōm* *gôy* *ʾōyəbāyw* *hă-lōʾ-hîʾ* *kətûbâ* on *sēper* the *yāšār* and *wə-yaʿămōd* the *šemeš* in *ḥăṣî* the *šāmayīm* and not *ʾāṣ* to *lābôʾ* like *yôm* *tāmîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yīddōm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became silent/stopped",
"*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun",
"*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon",
"*ʿāmād*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood/stayed",
"*yīqqōm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would avenge itself",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation",
"*ʾōyəbāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his enemies",
"*hă-lōʾ-hîʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle + 3rd feminine singular pronoun - is it not?",
"*kətûbâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - written",
"*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular construct - book of",
"*yāšār*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the upright/just",
"*wə-yaʿămōd*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and stood/remained",
"*ḥăṣî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - middle/half of",
"*šāmayīm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky",
"*ʾāṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened",
"*lābôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to come/go",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*tāmîm*": "adjective, masculine singular - complete/whole"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yīddōm*": "became silent/stood still/ceased",
"*šemeš*": "sun",
"*yārēaḥ*": "moon",
"*ʿāmād*": "stood/stayed/halted",
"*yīqqōm*": "took vengeance/avenged itself/vindicated",
"*gôy*": "nation/people",
"*ʾōyəbāyw*": "his enemies/adversaries",
"*kətûbâ*": "written/recorded",
"*sēper*": "book/scroll/document",
"*yāšār*": "the Upright/Jashar/the Just",
"*ḥăṣî*": "half/middle/midst",
"*šāmayīm*": "heavens/sky",
"*ʾāṣ*": "hastened/hurried/rushed",
"*lābôʾ*": "to go/to come/to enter",
"*tāmîm*": "complete/whole/perfect/full"
}
}