38 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.38",
"source": "וַיָּ֧שָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמּ֖וֹ דְּבִ֑רָה וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם עָלֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "And *wayyāšāb* *yəhôšuʿa* and all-*yiśrāʾēl* with-him *dəbirâ* and *wayyillāḥem* against-her",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāšāb*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he returned",
"*yəhôšuʿa*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*dəbirâ*": "proper noun + directional he - to Debir",
"*wayyillāḥem*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect 3ms - and he fought"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāšāb*": "and he returned/turned back/reverted",
"*wayyillāḥem*": "and he fought/battled/waged war"
}
}
39 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.39",
"source": "וַֽיִּלְכְּדָ֞הּ וְאֶת־מַלְכָּ֤הּ וְאֶת־כָּל־עָרֶ֙יהָ֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב וַֽיַּחֲרִ֙ימוּ֙ אֶת־כָּל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔הּ לֹ֥א הִשְׁאִ֖יר שָׂרִ֑יד כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֜ה לְחֶבְר֗וֹן כֵּן־עָשָׂ֤ה לִדְבִ֙רָה֙ וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לְלִבְנָ֖ה וּלְמַלְכָּֽהּ׃",
"text": "And *wayyilkədāh* and *ʾet*-*malkāh* and *ʾet*-all-*ʿāreyhā* and *wayyakkûm* to-*pî*-*ḥereb* and *wayyaḥărîmû* *ʾet*-all-*nepeš* which-in-her not *hišʾîr* *śārîd* as-which *ʿāśâ* to-*ḥebrôn* thus-*ʿāśâ* to-*dəbirâ* and-to-*malkāh* and-as-which *ʿāśâ* to-*libnâ* and-to-*malkāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyilkədāh*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms + 3fs suffix - and he captured it",
"*malkāh*": "noun masculine singular + 3fs suffix - her king",
"*ʿāreyhā*": "noun common feminine plural + 3fs suffix - her cities",
"*wayyakkûm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp + 3mp suffix - and they struck them",
"*pî*": "noun masculine singular construct - mouth/edge of",
"*ḥereb*": "noun common feminine singular - sword",
"*wayyaḥărîmû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they utterly destroyed",
"*nepeš*": "noun common feminine singular - soul/life/person",
"*hišʾîr*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - left remaining",
"*śārîd*": "noun masculine singular - survivor/remnant",
"*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/made",
"*ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron",
"*dəbirâ*": "proper noun - Debir",
"*libnâ*": "proper noun - Libnah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyilkədāh*": "and he captured/seized/took it",
"*ʿāreyhā*": "her cities/towns/villages",
"*wayyakkûm*": "and they struck/smote them",
"*pî*": "mouth/edge/opening of",
"*ḥereb*": "sword/knife",
"*wayyaḥărîmû*": "and they devoted to destruction/banned/utterly destroyed",
"*nepeš*": "soul/life/person/being",
"*hišʾîr*": "left/left remaining/spared",
"*śārîd*": "survivor/remnant/fugitive",
"*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed"
}
}
40 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.40",
"source": "וַיַּכֶּה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ הָהָר וְהַנֶּגֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה וְהָאֲשֵׁדוֹת וְאֵת כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶם לֹא הִשְׁאִיר שָׂרִיד וְאֵת כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה הֶחֱרִים כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל",
"text": "*wə-yakkeh* *Yəhôšūaʿ* *ʾet*-all-the-*ʾereṣ* the-*hār* *wə*-the-*neḡeḇ* *wə*-the-*šəp̄ēlāh* *wə*-the-*ʾăšēḏôt* *wə-ʾēt* all-*malḵêhem* not *hišʾîr* *śārîḏ* *wə-ʾēt* all-the-*nəšāmāh* *heḥĕrîm* as-that *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yakkeh*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck/smote",
"*Yəhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*hār*": "common noun, masculine singular - hill country/mountain",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*neḡeḇ*": "common noun, masculine singular - Negev/south",
"*šəp̄ēlāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - lowland/foothills",
"*ʾăšēḏôt*": "common noun, feminine plural - slopes/ravines/springs",
"*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*malḵêhem*": "common noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their kings",
"*hišʾîr*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he left/remained",
"*śārîḏ*": "common noun, masculine singular - survivor/remnant",
"*nəšāmāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - breath/life/living being",
"*heḥĕrîm*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed",
"*ṣiwwāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăšēḏôt*": "slopes/ravines/springs/valleys/waterfalls",
"*heḥĕrîm*": "devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed/banned/put under the ban",
"*nəšāmāh*": "breath/breathing thing/life/soul/living being"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.41",
"source": "וַיַּכֵּם יְהוֹשֻׁעַ מִקָּדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ וְעַד־עַזָּה וְאֵת כָּל־אֶרֶץ גֹּשֶׁן וְעַד־גִּבְעוֹן",
"text": "*wə-yakkēm* *Yəhôšūaʿ* from-*Qāḏēš Barnēaʿ* *wə*-until-*ʿAzzāh* *wə-ʾēt* all-*ʾereṣ* *Gōšen* *wə*-until-*Giḇʿôn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yakkēm*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he struck them",
"*Yəhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua",
"*Qāḏēš Barnēaʿ*": "proper noun, place name - Kadesh Barnea",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʿAzzāh*": "proper noun, place name - Gaza",
"*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Gōšen*": "proper noun, place name - Goshen",
"*Giḇʿôn*": "proper noun, place name - Gibeon"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾereṣ* *Gōšen*": "land of Goshen (not the Egyptian Goshen, but a region in southern Canaan)"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.42",
"source": "וְאֵת כָּל־הַמְּלָכִים הָאֵלֶּה וְאֶת־אַרְצָם לָכַד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פַּעַם אֶחָת כִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִלְחָם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל",
"text": "*wə-ʾēt* all-the-*məlāḵîm* the-these *wə-ʾet*-*ʾarṣām* *lāḵaḏ* *Yəhôšūaʿ* *paʿam* *ʾeḥāṯ* *kî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *nilḥām* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*məlāḵîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - kings",
"*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker",
"*ʾarṣām*": "common noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their land",
"*lāḵaḏ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he captured",
"*Yəhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua",
"*paʿam*": "common noun, feminine singular - time/occurrence",
"*ʾeḥāṯ*": "numeral, feminine singular - one",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*nilḥām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he fought",
"to-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - for Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*paʿam* *ʾeḥāṯ*": "once/at one time/all at once",
"*nilḥām* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "fought for Israel/fought on behalf of Israel"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "Joshua.10.43",
"source": "וַיָּשָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל עִמּוֹ אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה הַגִּלְגָּלָה",
"text": "*wə-yāšāḇ* *Yəhôšūaʿ* *wə*-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʿimmô* to-the-*maḥăneh* the-*Gilgālāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāšāḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned",
"*Yəhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him",
"*maḥăneh*": "common noun, masculine singular - camp",
"*Gilgālāh*": "proper noun, place name with directional heh - to Gilgal"
},
"variants": {
"*Gilgālāh*": "to Gilgal (with directional heh suffix indicating movement toward)"
}
}