9{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.9",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הַמַּאְרָ֔ב וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֣ם לָעָ֑י וַיָּ֧לֶן יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעָֽם׃",
"text": "*wa-yišlāḥēm yəhôšuaʿ wa-yēləkû ʾel-ha-mmaʾrāb wa-yēšəbû bên bêt-ʾēl û-bên hā-ʿay miyyām lā-ʿāy wa-yālen yəhôšuaʿ ba-llaylâ ha-hûʾ bətôk hā-ʿām*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yišlāḥēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he sent them",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*wa-yēləkû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went",
"*ʾel-ha-mmaʾrāb*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the ambush",
"*wa-yēšəbû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they remained/stayed",
"*bên bêt-ʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - between Bethel",
"*û-bên hā-ʿay*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and between Ai",
"*miyyām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on the west side",
"*lā-ʿāy*": "preposition + proper noun - of Ai",
"*wa-yālen*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spent the night",
"*ba-llaylâ ha-hûʾ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular + definite article + demonstrative pronoun - in that night",
"*bətôk*": "preposition + noun construct - in the midst of",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yēšəbû*": "and they remained/stayed/sat",
"*miyyām*": "on the west side of/westward from/to the west of",
"*wa-yālen*": "and he spent the night/lodged/stayed"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.10",
"source": "וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֤ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּפְקֹ֖ד אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיַּ֨עַל ה֜וּא וְזִקְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָ֖ם הָעָֽי׃",
"text": "*wa-yaškēm yəhôšuaʿ ba-bbōqer wa-yipqōd ʾet-hā-ʿām wa-yaʿal hûʾ wə-ziqnê yiśrāʾēl lipnê hā-ʿām hā-ʿāy*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaškēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rose early",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ba-bbōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the morning",
"*wa-yipqōd*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he mustered/numbered",
"*ʾet-hā-ʿām*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*wa-yaʿal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went up",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he",
"*wə-ziqnê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and elders of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*hā-ʿāy*": "definite article + proper noun - to the Ai"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yaškēm*": "and he rose early/got up early in the morning",
"*wa-yipqōd*": "and he mustered/reviewed/numbered/inspected",
"*ziqnê*": "elders/old men/leaders"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.11",
"source": "וְכָל־הָעָ֨ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר אִתּ֗וֹ עָלוּ֙ וַֽיִּגְּשׁ֔וּ וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ נֶ֣גֶד הָעִ֑יר וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעַ֔י וְהַגַּ֖י *בינו **בֵּינָ֥יו וּבֵין־הָעָֽי׃",
"text": "*wə-kāl-hā-ʿām ha-mmilḥāmâ ʾăšer ʾittô ʿālû wa-yyiggəšû wa-yyābōʾû neged hā-ʿîr wa-yaḥănû miṣṣəpôn lā-ʿay wə-ha-ggay bênāyw û-bên-hā-ʿāy*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-kāl-hā-ʿām ha-mmilḥāmâ*": "conjunction + noun construct + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and all the people of war",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that",
"*ʾittô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him",
"*ʿālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went up",
"*wa-yyiggəšû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they drew near",
"*wa-yyābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came",
"*neged*": "preposition - in front of",
"*hā-ʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city",
"*wa-yaḥănû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they camped",
"*miṣṣəpôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on the north",
"*lā-ʿay*": "preposition + proper noun - of Ai",
"*wə-ha-ggay*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the valley",
"*bênāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - between him",
"*û-bên-hā-ʿāy*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and between Ai"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿālû*": "they went up/ascended/attacked",
"*wa-yyiggəšû*": "and they drew near/approached/came close",
"*wa-yaḥănû*": "and they camped/encamped/pitched [tents]",
"*ha-ggay*": "the valley/ravine/wadi"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.12",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֕ח כַּחֲמֵ֥שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֖ים אִ֑ישׁ וַיָּ֨שֶׂם אוֹתָ֜ם אֹרֵ֗ב בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֥ם לָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "*wa-yiqqaḥ ka-ḥămēšet ʾălāpîm ʾîš wa-yyāśem ʾôtām ʾōrēb bên bêt-ʾēl û-bên hā-ʿay miyyām lā-ʿîr*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took",
"*ka-ḥămēšet*": "preposition + number, feminine construct - about five",
"*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousand",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - men",
"*wa-yyāśem*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he placed",
"*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*ʾōrēb*": "noun, masculine singular - ambush",
"*bên bêt-ʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - between Bethel",
"*û-bên hā-ʿay*": "conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and between Ai",
"*miyyām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on the west",
"*lā-ʿîr*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - of the city"
},
"variants": {
"*ka-ḥămēšet*": "about five/approximately five",
"*ʾōrēb*": "ambush/ambushers/those lying in wait",
"*miyyām*": "on the west/westward/to the west"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.13",
"source": "וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֗ה אֲשֶׁר֙ מִצְּפ֣וֹן לָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־עֲקֵב֖וֹ מִיָּ֣ם לָעִ֑יר וַיֵּ֧לֶךְ יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעֵֽמֶק׃",
"text": "*wa-yyāśîmû hā-ʿām ʾet-kāl-ha-mmaḥăneh ʾăšer miṣṣəpôn lā-ʿîr wə-ʾet-ʿăqēbô miyyām lā-ʿîr wa-yēlek yəhôšuaʿ ba-llaylâ ha-hûʾ bətôk hā-ʿēmeq*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yyāśîmû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they placed",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾet-kāl-ha-mmaḥăneh*": "direct object marker + noun construct + definite article + noun, masculine singular - all the camp",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which",
"*miṣṣəpôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on the north",
"*lā-ʿîr*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - of the city",
"*wə-ʾet-ʿăqēbô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and its rear guard",
"*miyyām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on the west",
"*lā-ʿîr*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - of the city",
"*wa-yēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went",
"*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua",
"*ba-llaylâ ha-hûʾ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular + definite article + demonstrative pronoun - in that night",
"*bətôk*": "preposition + noun construct - in the middle of",
"*hā-ʿēmeq*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the valley"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yyāśîmû*": "and they placed/set/positioned",
"*ha-mmaḥăneh*": "the camp/army/host",
"*ʿăqēbô*": "its rear guard/its rear/its heel",
"*hā-ʿēmeq*": "the valley/plain/lowland"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.14",
"source": "וַיְהִ֞י כִּרְא֣וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־הָעַ֗י וַֽיְמַהֲר֡וּ וַיַּשְׁכִּ֡ימוּ וַיֵּצְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָעִ֣יר לִקְרַֽאת־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל לַֽמִּלְחָמָ֞ה ה֧וּא וְכָל־עַמּ֛וֹ לַמּוֹעֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֣י הָֽעֲרָבָ֑ה וְהוּא֙ לֹ֣א יָדַ֔ע כִּֽי־אֹרֵ֥ב ל֖וֹ מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י הָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "*wa-yhî kirʾôt melek-hā-ʿay wa-yəmahărû wa-yaškîmû wa-yyēṣəʾû ʾanšê-hā-ʿîr liqraʾt-yiśrāʾēl la-mmilḥāmâ hûʾ wə-kāl-ʿammô la-mmôʿēd lipnê hā-ʿărābâ wə-hûʾ lōʾ yādaʿ kî-ʾōrēb lô mēʾaḥărê hā-ʿîr*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*kirʾôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - when seeing",
"*melek-hā-ʿay*": "noun construct + proper noun - king of Ai",
"*wa-yəmahărû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they hurried",
"*wa-yaškîmû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they rose early",
"*wa-yyēṣəʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went out",
"*ʾanšê-hā-ʿîr*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, feminine singular - men of the city",
"*liqraʾt-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + noun construct + proper noun - to meet Israel",
"*la-mmilḥāmâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - for battle",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he",
"*wə-kāl-ʿammô*": "conjunction + noun construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and all his people",
"*la-mmôʿēd*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - at the appointed time/place",
"*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before",
"*hā-ʿărābâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the Arabah/plain",
"*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - and he",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - knew",
"*kî-ʾōrēb*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - that (there was) an ambush",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for him",
"*mēʾaḥărê*": "preposition + noun - behind",
"*hā-ʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city"
},
"variants": {
"*kirʾôt*": "when seeing/when he saw",
"*wa-yəmahărû*": "and they hurried/hastened/made haste",
"*la-mmôʿēd*": "at the appointed time/at the designated place/at the set time",
"*hā-ʿărābâ*": "the Arabah/the plain/the desert",
"*ʾōrēb*": "ambush/ambushers/those lying in wait"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.15",
"source": "וַיִּנָּֽגְע֛וּ יְהוֹשֻׁ֥עַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לִפְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ דֶּ֥רֶךְ הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃",
"text": "And *wayyinnāgəʿû* *Yəhôšuaʿ* and-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* before-them and-*wayyānusû* *dereḵ* the-*midbār*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyinnāgəʿû*": "Niphal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were smitten/defeated/repulsed",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular collective - Israel",
"*wayyānusû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fled",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - way/road/path of",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the wilderness/desert"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyinnāgəʿû*": "were defeated/pretended to be beaten/feigned defeat",
"*dereḵ*": "way/road/path/direction",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.16",
"source": "וַיִּזָּעֲק֗וּ כָּל־הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּעַ֔י לִרְדֹּ֖ף אַחֲרֵיהֶ֑ם וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיִּנָּתְק֖וּ מִן־הָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "And *wayyizzāʿăqû* all-the-*ʿām* who in-*hāʿay* to-*lirdōp̄* after-them and-*wayyirdəp̄û* after *Yəhôšuaʿ* and-*wayyinnātəqû* from-the-*ʿîr*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyizzāʿăqû*": "Niphal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were called together/summoned",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*hāʿay*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai",
"*lirdōp̄*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - to pursue",
"*wayyirdəp̄û*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued",
"*wayyinnātəqû*": "Niphal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were drawn away/separated",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyizzāʿăqû*": "were summoned/were called out/were mustered",
"*ʿām*": "people/population/folk",
"*wayyinnātəqû*": "were drawn away/were separated/were pulled away"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.17",
"source": "וְלֹֽא־נִשְׁאַ֣ר אִ֗ישׁ בָּעַי֙ וּבֵ֣ית אֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־יָצְא֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הָעִיר֙ פְּתוּחָ֔ה וַֽיִּרְדְּפ֖וּ אַחֲרֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And-not-*nišʾar* *ʾîš* in-*hāʿay* and-*bêt* *ʾēl* who not-*yāṣəʾû* after *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*wayyaʿazḇû* [direct object marker]-the-*ʿîr* *pətuḥâ* and-*wayyirdəp̄û* after *Yiśrāʾēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was left/remained",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person",
"*hāʿay*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʾēl*": "proper noun - El/Bethel",
"*yāṣəʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they went out",
"*wayyaʿazḇû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they left/abandoned",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*pətuḥâ*": "Qal passive participle, feminine singular - opened/open",
"*wayyirdəp̄û*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued"
},
"variants": {
"*nišʾar*": "remained/was left/stayed behind",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/anyone",
"*bêt ʾēl*": "Bethel (place name)/house of El",
"*wayyaʿazḇû*": "left/abandoned/forsook",
"*pətuḥâ*": "open/opened/unguarded"
}
}
18{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.18",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ נְ֠טֵה בַּכִּיד֤וֹן אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָֽדְךָ֙ אֶל־הָעַ֔י כִּ֥י בְיָדְךָ֖ אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּה וַיֵּ֧ט יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּכִּיד֥וֹן אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָד֖וֹ אֶל־הָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Yəhôšuaʿ* *nəṭēh* with-the-*kîdôn* which-in-your-hand to-*hāʿay* for in-your-hand *ʾettənennâ* and-*wayyēṭ* *Yəhôšuaʿ* with-the-*kîdôn* which-in-his-hand to-the-*ʿîr*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua",
"*nəṭēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - stretch out/extend",
"*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the javelin/spear",
"*hāʿay*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai",
"*ʾettənennâ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - I will give it",
"*wayyēṭ*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stretched out",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city"
},
"variants": {
"*nəṭēh*": "stretch out/extend/point",
"*kîdôn*": "javelin/spear/lance",
"*ʾettənennâ*": "I will give it/I will deliver it/I will place it"
}
}
19{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.19",
"source": "וְהָאוֹרֵ֡ב קָם֩ מְהֵרָ֨ה מִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹ וַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙ כִּנְט֣וֹת יָד֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָעִ֖יר וַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָ וַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּ וַיַּצִּ֥יתוּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר בָּאֵֽשׁ׃",
"text": "And-the-*ʾôrēḇ* *qām* *məhērâ* from-*məqômô* and-*wayyāruṣû* when-*kinṭôt* his-hand and-*wayyāḇōʾû* the-*ʿîr* and-*wayyilkədûhā* and-*wayəmahărû* and-*wayyaṣṣîtû* [direct object marker]-the-*ʿîr* with-the-*ʾēš*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾôrēḇ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one lying in ambush/the ambusher",
"*qām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - arose/stood up",
"*məhērâ*": "adverb - quickly/hastily",
"*məqômô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his place",
"*wayyāruṣû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they ran",
"*kinṭôt*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - when stretching out",
"*wayyāḇōʾû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they entered",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*wayyilkədûhā*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they captured it",
"*wayəmahărû*": "Piel waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they hastened",
"*wayyaṣṣîtû*": "Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they set",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the fire"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾôrēḇ*": "ambusher/one lying in ambush/ambuscade",
"*qām*": "arose/stood up/got up",
"*məhērâ*": "quickly/hastily/speedily",
"*kinṭôt*": "when stretching out/as he extended",
"*wayyilkədûhā*": "captured it/seized it/took it",
"*wayəmahărû*": "hastened/hurried/did quickly",
"*wayyaṣṣîtû*": "set on fire/kindled/ignited"
}
}
20{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.20",
"source": "וַיִּפְנ֣וּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ הָעַ֨י אַחֲרֵיהֶ֜ם וַיִּרְא֗וּ וְהִנֵּ֨ה עָלָ֜ה עֲשַׁ֤ן הָעִיר֙ הַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָה וְלֹא־הָיָ֨ה בָהֶ֥ם יָדַ֛יִם לָנ֖וּס הֵ֣נָּה וָהֵ֑נָּה וְהָעָם֙ הַנָּ֣ס הַמִּדְבָּ֔ר נֶהְפַּ֖ךְ אֶל־הָרוֹדֵֽף׃",
"text": "And-*wayyip̄nû* *ʾanšê* *hāʿay* behind-them and-*wayyirʾû* and-*hinnēh* *ʿālâ* *ʿăšan* the-*ʿîr* the-*šāmayəmâ* and-not-*hāyâ* in-them *yādayim* to-*lānûs* here and-here and-the-*ʿām* the-*nās* the-*midbār* *nehpaḵ* to-the-*rôdēp̄*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyip̄nû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they turned",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hāʿay*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai",
"*wayyirʾû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they saw",
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/lo",
"*ʿālâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went up",
"*ʿăšan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - smoke of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*šāmayəmâ*": "noun, masculine dual with directional heh - toward the heavens",
"*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed",
"*yādayim*": "noun, feminine dual - hands/power/ability",
"*lānûs*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - to flee",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people",
"*nās*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one fleeing",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the wilderness",
"*nehpaḵ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was turned",
"*rôdēp̄*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one pursuing"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyip̄nû*": "turned/looked back/faced around",
"*ʾanšê*": "men of/people of/warriors of",
"*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see",
"*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/rose",
"*ʿăšan*": "smoke/vapor",
"*šāmayəmâ*": "toward the heavens/skyward",
"*yādayim*": "hands/power/ability/strength",
"*lānûs*": "to flee/to escape",
"*nās*": "fleeing/escaping",
"*nehpaḵ*": "was turned/turned about/changed direction",
"*rôdēp̄*": "pursuer/one pursuing/chaser"
}
}
21{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.21",
"source": "וִיהוֹשֻׁ֨עַ וְכָֽל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל רָא֗וּ כִּֽי־לָכַ֤ד הָֽאֹרֵב֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְכִ֥י עָלָ֖ה עֲשַׁ֣ן הָעִ֑יר וַיָּשֻׁ֕בוּ וַיַּכּ֖וּ אֶת־אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃",
"text": "And-*Yəhôšuaʿ* and-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *rāʾû* that-*lāḵad* the-*ʾōrēḇ* [direct object marker]-the-*ʿîr* and-that *ʿālâ* *ʿăšan* the-*ʿîr* and-*wayyāšuḇû* and-*wayyakkû* [direct object marker]-*ʾanšê* *hāʿāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular collective - Israel",
"*rāʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they saw",
"*lāḵad*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - captured/seized",
"*ʾōrēḇ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one lying in ambush",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*ʿālâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went up",
"*ʿăšan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - smoke of",
"*wayyāšuḇû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned",
"*wayyakkû*": "Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they struck",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hāʿāy*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʾû*": "saw/perceived/noticed",
"*lāḵad*": "captured/seized/took",
"*ʾōrēḇ*": "ambusher/one lying in ambush",
"*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/rose",
"*ʿăšan*": "smoke/vapor",
"*wayyāšuḇû*": "returned/turned back/turned around",
"*wayyakkû*": "struck/smote/attacked"
}
}
22{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.22",
"source": "וְאֵ֨לֶּה יָצְא֤וּ מִן־הָעִיר֙ לִקְרָאתָ֔ם וַיִּֽהְי֤וּ לְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בַּתָּ֔וֶךְ אֵ֥לֶּה מִזֶּ֖ה וְאֵ֣לֶּה מִזֶּ֑ה וַיַּכּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם עַד־בִּלְתִּ֥י הִשְׁאִֽיר־ל֖וֹ שָׂרִ֥יד וּפָלִֽיט׃",
"text": "And-*ʾēlleh* *yāṣəʾû* from-the-*ʿîr* to-*liqrātām* and-*wayyihyû* to-*Yiśrāʾēl* in-the-*tāweḵ* *ʾēlleh* from-this and-*ʾēlleh* from-this and-*wayyakkû* them until-*biltî* *hišʾîr*-to-him *śārîd* and-*pālîṭ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural - these",
"*yāṣəʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they went out",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*liqrātām*": "preposition with infinitive construct and 3rd masculine plural suffix - to meet them",
"*wayyihyû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they were",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular collective - Israel",
"*tāweḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the midst",
"*wayyakkû*": "Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they struck",
"*biltî*": "conjunction - not",
"*hišʾîr*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to leave",
"*śārîd*": "noun, masculine singular - survivor",
"*pālîṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - escapee"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾēlleh*": "these/those",
"*yāṣəʾû*": "went out/came out/emerged",
"*liqrātām*": "to meet them/to encounter them",
"*tāweḵ*": "midst/middle/between",
"*wayyakkû*": "struck/smote/attacked",
"*biltî*": "not/without",
"*hišʾîr*": "to leave/to let remain",
"*śārîd*": "survivor/remnant/one remaining",
"*pālîṭ*": "escapee/fugitive/one who escapes"
}
}
23{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.23",
"source": "וְאֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ הָעַ֖י תָּ֣פְשׂוּ חָ֑י וַיַּקְרִ֥בוּ אֹת֖וֹ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃",
"text": "And-[direct object marker]-*meleḵ* *hāʿay* *tāp̄śû* *ḥāy* and-*wayyaqriḇû* him to-*Yəhôšuaʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*hāʿay*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai",
"*tāp̄śû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they seized",
"*ḥāy*": "adjective, masculine singular - alive/living",
"*wayyaqriḇû*": "Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they brought near",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua"
},
"variants": {
"*tāp̄śû*": "seized/captured/caught",
"*ḥāy*": "alive/living/life",
"*wayyaqriḇû*": "brought near/brought/presented"
}
}
24{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.24",
"source": "וַיְהִ֣י כְּכַלּ֣וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל לַהֲרֹג֩ אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י הָעַ֜י בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְדָפ֣וּם בּ֔וֹ וַֽיִּפְּל֥וּ כֻלָּ֛ם לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב עַד־תֻּמָּ֑ם וַיָּשֻׁ֤בוּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הָעַ֔י וַיַּכּ֥וּ אֹתָ֖הּ לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And-*wayəhî* when-*kəḵallôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* to-*lahărōg* [direct object marker]-all-*yōšḇê* *hāʿay* in-the-*śādeh* in-the-*midbār* which *rədāp̄ûm* in-it and-*wayyippəlû* all-of-them to-*pî*-*ḥereḇ* until-*tummām* and-*wayyāšuḇû* all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *hāʿay* and-*wayyakkû* it to-*pî*-*ḥāreḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened",
"*kəḵallôt*": "Piel infinitive construct with preposition - when finishing",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular collective - Israel",
"*lahărōg*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - to kill",
"*yōšḇê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*hāʿay*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the wilderness",
"*rədāp̄ûm*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they pursued them",
"*wayyippəlû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fell",
"*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of/edge of",
"*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*tummām*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their completion/until they were finished",
"*wayyāšuḇû*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they returned",
"*wayyakkû*": "Hiphil waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they struck",
"*ḥāreḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass",
"*kəḵallôt*": "when finishing/when completed/when ended",
"*lahărōg*": "to kill/to slay",
"*yōšḇê*": "inhabitants of/dwellers in/residents of",
"*śādeh*": "field/open country/land",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*rədāp̄ûm*": "pursued them/chased them",
"*wayyippəlû*": "fell/were slain",
"*pî-ḥereḇ*": "edge of the sword/by the sword",
"*tummām*": "their completion/until they were finished/to their end",
"*wayyāšuḇû*": "returned/turned back",
"*wayyakkû*": "struck/smote/attacked"
}
}
25{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.25",
"source": "וַיְהִי֩ כָל־הַנֹּ֨פְלִ֜ים בַּיּ֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ מֵאִ֣ישׁ וְעַד־אִשָּׁ֔ה שְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר אָ֑לֶף כֹּ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֥י הָעָֽי׃",
"text": "And-*wayəhî* all-the-*nōp̄əlîm* in-the-*yôm* the-that from-*ʾîš* and-unto-*ʾiššâ* *šənêm* *ʿāśār* *ʾālep̄* all *ʾanšê* *hāʿāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "Qal waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was",
"*nōp̄əlîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones falling",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman",
"*šənêm*": "number, masculine dual construct - two of",
"*ʿāśār*": "number, masculine singular - ten",
"*ʾālep̄*": "noun, masculine singular - thousand",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*hāʿāy*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it was/and there were",
"*nōp̄əlîm*": "fallen ones/those who fell/casualties",
"*ʾîš*": "man/male",
"*ʾiššâ*": "woman/female",
"*šənêm ʿāśār ʾālep̄*": "twelve thousand"
}
}
26{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.26",
"source": "וִיהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ לֹֽא־הֵשִׁ֣יב יָד֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָטָ֖ה בַּכִּיד֑וֹן עַ֚ד אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶחֱרִ֔ים אֵ֖ת כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָעָֽי׃",
"text": "And-*Yəhôšuaʿ* not-*hēšîḇ* his-hand which *nāṭâ* with-the-*kîdôn* until which *heḥĕrîm* [direct object marker] all-*yōšḇê* *hāʿāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua",
"*hēšîḇ*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he brought back/withdrew",
"*nāṭâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he stretched out",
"*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the javelin/spear",
"*heḥĕrîm*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he utterly destroyed/devoted to destruction",
"*yōšḇê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*hāʿāy*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ai"
},
"variants": {
"*hēšîḇ*": "brought back/withdrew/pulled back",
"*nāṭâ*": "stretched out/extended/held out",
"*kîdôn*": "javelin/spear/lance",
"*heḥĕrîm*": "utterly destroyed/devoted to destruction/annihilated",
"*yōšḇê*": "inhabitants of/dwellers in/residents of"
}
}
27{
"verseID": "Joshua.8.27",
"source": "רַ֣ק הַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וּשְׁלַל֙ הָעִ֣יר הַהִ֔יא בָּזְז֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּדְבַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה אֶת־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃",
"text": "Only the-*bəhēmâ* and-*šəlal* the-*ʿîr* the-that *bāzəzû* to-themselves *Yiśrāʾēl* according-to-*dəḇar* *YHWH* which *ṣiwwâ* [direct object marker]-*Yəhôšuaʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*bəhēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cattle/livestock",
"*šəlal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - spoil of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*bāzəzû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they plundered",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular collective - Israel",
"*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded",
"*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua"
},
"variants": {
"*bəhēmâ*": "cattle/livestock/animals",
"*šəlal*": "spoil/plunder/booty",
"*bāzəzû*": "plundered/took as spoil/looted",
"*dəḇar*": "word/command/instruction",
"*ṣiwwâ*": "commanded/ordered/instructed"
}
}