Joshua 9:4

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Joshua.9.4", "source": "וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ גַם־הֵ֙מָּה֙ בְּעָרְמָ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ וַיִּקְח֞וּ שַׂקִּ֤ים בָּלִים֙ לַחֲמ֣וֹרֵיהֶ֔ם וְנֹאד֥וֹת יַ֙יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים וּמְבֻקָּעִ֖ים וּמְצֹרָרִֽים", "text": "And-they-*yaʿăśû* also-they in-*ʿormâ* and-they-*yēlḵû* and-they-*yiṣṭayyārû* and-they-*yiqqəḥû* *śaqqîm* *bālîm* for-*ḥămôrê*-them and-*nōʾḏôṯ* *yayin* *bālîm* and-*məḇuqqāʿîm* and-*məṣōrārîm*", "grammar": { "*yaʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they acted/did", "*ʿormâ*": "feminine singular noun - craftiness/cunning/deception", "*yēlḵû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they went", "*yiṣṭayyārû*": "Hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they disguised themselves as envoys", "*yiqqəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they took", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural - sacks/bags", "*bālîm*": "masculine plural adjective - worn out/old", "*ḥămôrê*": "masculine plural construct - donkeys of", "*nōʾḏôṯ*": "masculine plural - skins/bottles", "*yayin*": "masculine singular - wine", "*məḇuqqāʿîm*": "Pual participle masculine plural - torn/split", "*məṣōrārîm*": "Pual participle masculine plural - bound up/mended" }, "variants": { "*ʿormâ*": "craftiness/cunning/shrewdness/deception", "*yiṣṭayyārû*": "they disguised themselves/presented themselves as ambassadors", "*bālîm*": "worn out/old/tattered", "*məḇuqqāʿîm*": "torn/split/cracked", "*məṣōrārîm*": "patched/mended/bound up" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיַּעֲשׂ֤וּ גַם־הֵ֙מָּה֙ בְּעָרְמָ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ וַיִּצְטַיָּ֑רוּ וַיִּקְח֞וּ שַׂקִּ֤ים בָּלִים֙ לַחֲמ֣וֹרֵיהֶ֔ם וְנֹאד֥וֹת יַ֙יִן֙ בָּלִ֔ים וּמְבֻקָּעִ֖ים וּמְצֹרָרִֽים

Transliteration

And-they-yaʿăśû also-they in-ʿormâ and-they-yēlḵû and-they-yiṣṭayyārû and-they-yiqqəḥû śaqqîm bālîm for-ḥămôrê-them and-nōʾḏôṯ yayin bālîm and-məḇuqqāʿîm and-məṣōrārîm

Grammar Details

• *yaʿăśû*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they acted/did
• *ʿormâ*: feminine singular noun - craftiness/cunning/deception
• *yēlḵû*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they went
• *yiṣṭayyārû*: Hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they disguised themselves as envoys
• *yiqqəḥû*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they took
• *śaqqîm*: masculine plural - sacks/bags
• *bālîm*: masculine plural adjective - worn out/old
• *ḥămôrê*: masculine plural construct - donkeys of
• *nōʾḏôṯ*: masculine plural - skins/bottles
• *yayin*: masculine singular - wine
• *məḇuqqāʿîm*: Pual participle masculine plural - torn/split
• *məṣōrārîm*: Pual participle masculine plural - bound up/mended

Word Meanings

• *ʿormâ*: craftiness/cunning/shrewdness/deception
• *yiṣṭayyārû*: they disguised themselves/presented themselves as ambassadors
• *bālîm*: worn out/old/tattered
• *məḇuqqāʿîm*: torn/split/cracked
• *məṣōrārîm*: patched/mended/bound up

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  they also acted with cunning. They disguised themselves as messengers, taking worn-out sacks for their donkeys, old and torn wineskins that had been mended.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up;

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  They acted craftily, and went and pretended to be ambassadors, and took old sacks on their donkeys, and wine bottles, old, torn, and bound up;

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up;

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  they also did work{H6213} wilily,{H6195} and went{H3212} and made as if they had been ambassadors,{H6737} and took{H3947} old{H1087} sacks{H8242} upon their asses,{H2543} and wine -{H3196} skins,{H4997} old{H1087} and rent{H1234} and bound up,{H6887}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  They did work{H6213}{(H8799)} wilily{H6195}, and went{H3212}{(H8799)} and made as if they had been ambassadors{H6737}{(H8691)}, and took{H3947}{(H8799)} old{H1087} sacks{H8242} upon their asses{H2543}, and wine{H3196} bottles{H4997}, old{H1087}, and rent{H1234}{(H8794)}, and bound up{H6887}{(H8794)};

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  they dealte craftely, wete on their waie, and made a message, and toke olde sackes vpon their asses, and olde rente wyne botels,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And therefore they wrought craftily: for they went, and fayned themselues ambassadours, and tooke olde sackes vpon their asses, and olde bottels for wine, both rent and bound vp,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And they dyd worke wylylye, & went and made them selues embassadours, and toke olde sackes vpon their asses, & wine bottels old, both rent & boude vp:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  They did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine bottles, old, and rent, and bound up;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  they also resorted to a ruse, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks on their donkeys, and wine-skins, old and torn and bound up,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and they work, even they, with subtilty, and go, and feign to be ambassadors, and take old sacks for their asses, and wine-bottles, old, and rent, and bound up,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  they also did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine-skins, old and rent and bound up,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  they also did work wilily, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks upon their asses, and wine-skins, old and rent and bound up,

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Acting with deceit, got food together as if for a long journey; and took old food-bags for their asses, and old and cracked wine-skins kept together with cord;

• World English Bible (2000)

  they also resorted to a ruse, and went and made as if they had been ambassadors, and took old sacks on their donkeys, and wineskins, old and torn and bound up,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  they did something clever. They collected some provisions and put worn-out sacks on their donkeys, along with worn-out wineskins that were ripped and patched.

Referenced Verses

• Mark 2:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Mark.2.22", "source": "Καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς: εἰ δὲ μή ῥήσσει ὁ οἶνος ὁ νέος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται, καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπολοῦνται: ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινοὺς βλητέον.", "text": "And no one *ballei* *oinon* *neon* into *askous* *palaious*: otherwise *rhēssei* the *oinos* the *neos* the *askous*, and the *oinos* *ekcheitai*, and the *askoi* *apolountai*: but *oinon* *neon* into *askous* *kainous* must be *blēteon*.", "grammar": { "*oudeis*": "nominative, masculine, singular - no one", "*ballei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - puts/throws", "*oinon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wine", "*neon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - new/young", "*askous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - wineskins", "*palaious*": "accusative, masculine, plural - old", "*rhēssei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - bursts/tears", "*oinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wine", "*neos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - new/young", "*ekcheitai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd singular - is poured out", "*askoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - wineskins", "*apolountai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd plural - will be destroyed/ruined", "*kainous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - new/fresh", "*blēteon*": "verbal adjective, neuter, singular - must be put" }, "variants": { "*ballei*": "puts/throws/places", "*oinon neon*": "new wine/young wine", "*askous palaious*": "old wineskins", "*rhēssei*": "bursts/breaks/tears", "*ekcheitai*": "is poured out/spilled", "*apolountai*": "will be destroyed/ruined/lost", "*askous kainous*": "new wineskins/fresh wineskins", "*blēteon*": "must be put/should be put" } }
• Luke 5:37-38 : 37 { "verseID": "Luke.5.37", "source": "Καὶ οὐδεὶς βάλλει οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς· εἰ δὲ μή γε ῥήξει ὁ νέος οἶνος τοὺς ἀσκούς, καὶ αὐτὸς ἐκχυθήσεται, καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπολοῦνται.", "text": "And no one *ballei oinon neon eis askous palaious*: *ei de mē ge rhēxei ho neos oinos tous askous*, and it *ekchythēsetai*, and the *askoi apolountai*.", "grammar": { "*oudeis*": "nominative, masculine, singular - no one", "*ballei*": "present, 3rd singular, active - puts", "*oinon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wine", "*neon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - new/young", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*askous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - wineskins", "*palaious*": "accusative, masculine, plural - old", "*ei de mē ge*": "idiom - otherwise/if not so", "*rhēxei*": "future, 3rd singular, active - will burst", "*ho neos oinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the new wine", "*tous askous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - the wineskins", "*ekchythēsetai*": "future, 3rd singular, passive - will be poured out", "*hoi askoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - the wineskins", "*apolountai*": "future, 3rd plural, middle - will be destroyed/perish" }, "variants": { "*ballei*": "puts/places/pours", "*oinon*": "wine", "*neon*": "new/young/fresh", "*askous*": "wineskins/leather bottles", "*palaious*": "old/worn", "*rhēxei*": "will burst/break/rupture", "*ekchythēsetai*": "will be poured out/spilled", "*apolountai*": "will be destroyed/perish/be lost" } } 38 { "verseID": "Luke.5.38", "source": "Ἀλλὰ οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινοὺς βλητέον· καὶ ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται.", "text": "But *oinon neon eis askous kainous blēteon*: and *amphoteroi syntērountai*.", "grammar": { "*oinon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wine", "*neon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - new/young", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*askous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - wineskins", "*kainous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - new", "*blēteon*": "verbal adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - must be put", "*amphoteroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - both", "*syntērountai*": "present, 3rd plural, passive - are preserved" }, "variants": { "*neon*": "new/young/fresh", "*askous*": "wineskins/leather bottles", "*kainous*": "new/unused", "*blēteon*": "must be put/should be placed", "*amphoteroi*": "both/the two", "*syntērountai*": "are preserved/kept safe/maintained" } }
• Luke 16:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Luke.16.8", "source": "Καὶ ἐπῄνεσεν ὁ κύριος τὸν οἰκονόμον τῆς ἀδικίας, ὅτι φρονίμως ἐποίησεν: ὅτι οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου φρονιμώτεροι ὑπὲρ τοὺς υἱοὺς τοῦ φωτὸς εἰς τὴν γενεὰν ἑαυτῶν εἰσίν.", "text": "And *epēnesen* the *kyrios ton oikonomon tēs adikias*, *hoti phronimōs epoiēsen*: *hoti* the *huioi tou aiōnos toutou phronimōteroi hyper tous huious tou phōtos* into the *genean heautōn eisin*.", "grammar": { "*epēnesen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - praised/commended", "*kyrios*": "nominative singular masculine - master/lord", "*ton oikonomon*": "accusative singular masculine - the manager/steward", "*tēs adikias*": "genitive singular feminine - of unrighteousness/dishonesty", "*hoti*": "conjunction - because/that", "*phronimōs*": "adverb - shrewdly/prudently", "*epoiēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - did/acted", "*huioi*": "nominative plural masculine - sons/children", "*tou aiōnos*": "genitive singular masculine - of the age", "*toutou*": "demonstrative, genitive singular masculine - of this", "*phronimōteroi*": "comparative adjective, nominative plural masculine - more shrewd/wiser", "*hyper*": "preposition + accusative - above/beyond", "*tous huious*": "accusative plural masculine - the sons/children", "*tou phōtos*": "genitive singular neuter - of the light", "*genean*": "accusative singular feminine - generation/kind", "*heautōn*": "genitive plural reflexive pronoun - of themselves", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they are" }, "variants": { "*epēnesen*": "praised/commended/applauded", "*kyrios*": "master/lord/owner", "*oikonomon*": "manager/steward/administrator", "*adikias*": "unrighteousness/dishonesty/injustice", "*phronimōs*": "shrewdly/prudently/wisely", "*huioi*": "sons/children", "*aiōnos*": "age/era/world", "*phronimōteroi*": "more shrewd/wiser/more prudent", "*phōtos*": "light/illumination", "*genean*": "generation/kind/class" } }
• Gen 34:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Genesis.34.13", "source": "וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יַעֲקֹ֜ב אֶת־שְׁכֶ֨ם וְאֶת־חֲמ֥וֹר אָבִ֛יו בְּמִרְמָ֖ה וַיְדַבֵּ֑רוּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר טִמֵּ֔א אֵ֖ת דִּינָ֥ה אֲחֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyaʿănû* *bǝnê*-*Yaʿăqōb* *ʾet*-*Škem* *wǝʾet*-*Ḥămôr* *ʾābîw* *bǝmirmāh* *wayǝdabbērû* *ʾăšer* *ṭimmēʾ* *ʾēt* *Dînāh* *ʾăḥōtām*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿănû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they answered", "*bǝnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jacob", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Škem*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Shechem", "*wǝʾet*": "waw-conjunction + direct object marker", "*Ḥămôr*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hamor", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*bǝmirmāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with deceit", "*wayǝdabbērû*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they spoke", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - because", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he had defiled", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*Dînāh*": "proper noun, feminine singular - Dinah", "*ʾăḥōtām*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sister" }, "variants": { "*bǝmirmāh*": "with deceit/deceptively/with guile", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "had defiled/violated/dishonored" } }
• 1 Kgs 20:31-33 : 31 { "verseID": "1 Kings.20.31", "source": "‫וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָיו֮ עֲבָדָיו֒ הִנֵּֽה־נָ֣א שָׁמַ֔עְנוּ כִּ֗י מַלְכֵי֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־מַלְכֵ֥י חֶ֖סֶד הֵ֑ם נָשִׂ֣ימָה נָּא֩ שַׂקִּ֨ים בְּמָתְנֵ֜ינוּ וַחֲבָלִ֣ים בְּרֹאשֵׁ֗נוּ וְנֵצֵא֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אוּלַ֖י יְחַיֶּ֥ה אֶת־נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃‬", "text": "*wayyōʾmərû* to-him *ʿăḇāḏāyw* *hinnê-nāʾ šāmaʿnû* that *malḵê bêṯ yiśrāʾēl* that-*malḵê ḥeseḏ* they *nāśîmâ nāʾ śaqqîm* in-*moṯnênû* and-*ḥăḇālîm* in-*rōʾšēnû* and-*nēṣēʾ* to-*meleḵ yiśrāʾēl ʾûlay yəḥayyê ʾeṯ-nap̄šeḵā*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural - and they said", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*hinnê-nāʾ*": "particle of attention + particle of entreaty - behold please", "*šāmaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st plural - we have heard", "*malḵê*": "masculine plural construct - kings of", "*bêṯ yiśrāʾēl*": "construct state - house of Israel", "*malḵê ḥeseḏ*": "kings of mercy/kindness", "*nāśîmâ*": "cohortative, 1st plural - let us put", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth", "*moṯnênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st plural suffix - our loins", "*ḥăḇālîm*": "masculine plural noun - ropes", "*rōʾšēnû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st plural suffix - our heads", "*nēṣēʾ*": "cohortative, 1st plural - let us go out", "*meleḵ yiśrāʾēl*": "construct state - king of Israel", "*ʾûlay*": "adverb - perhaps", "*yəḥayyê*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will let live", "*nap̄šeḵā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your life/soul" }, "variants": { "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants, his officials", "*hinnê*": "behold, see, look", "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have heard, we learned", "*malḵê ḥeseḏ*": "kings of mercy, merciful kings, compassionate kings", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth, rough cloth (sign of mourning/submission)", "*ḥăḇālîm*": "ropes, cords", "*nēṣēʾ*": "let us go out, let us go forth", "*ʾûlay*": "perhaps, maybe, possibly", "*yəḥayyê*": "will preserve alive, will spare, will save", "*nap̄šeḵā*": "your life, your soul, your person" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Kings.20.32", "source": "‫וַיַּחְגְּרוּ֩ שַׂקִּ֨ים בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֜ם וַחֲבָלִ֣ים בְּרָאשֵׁיהֶ֗ם וַיָּבֹ֙אוּ֙ אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ עַבְדְּךָ֧ בֶן־הֲדַ֛ד אָמַ֖ר תְּחִֽי־נָ֣א נַפְשִׁ֑י וַיֹּ֛אמֶר הַעוֹדֶ֥נּוּ חַ֖י אָחִ֥י הֽוּא׃‬", "text": "*wayyaḥgərû śaqqîm* in-*moṯnêhem* and-*ḥăḇālîm* in-*rāʾšêhem* and-*wayyāḇōʾû* to-*meleḵ yiśrāʾēl* and-*wayyōʾmərû ʿaḇdəḵā ben-hăḏaḏ ʾāmar təḥî-nāʾ nap̄šî* and-*wayyōʾmer haʿôḏennû ḥay ʾāḥî hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*wayyaḥgərû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural - and they girded", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth", "*moṯnêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their loins", "*ḥăḇālîm*": "masculine plural noun - ropes", "*rāʾšêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heads", "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural - and they came", "*meleḵ yiśrāʾēl*": "construct state - king of Israel", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural - and they said", "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ben-hăḏaḏ*": "proper noun - Ben-Hadad", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*təḥî-nāʾ*": "jussive, 3rd feminine singular + particle of entreaty - let live please", "*nap̄šî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my life/soul", "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*haʿôḏennû*": "interrogative particle + adverb + 3rd masculine singular suffix - is he still?", "*ḥay*": "adjective - alive", "*ʾāḥî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my brother", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḥgərû*": "they girded, they bound, they wrapped", "*śaqqîm*": "sackcloth, rough cloth", "*ḥăḇālîm*": "ropes, cords", "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "they came, they entered, they went", "*ʿaḇdəḵā*": "your servant", "*təḥî-nāʾ*": "please let live, may it live, spare", "*nap̄šî*": "my life, my soul, me", "*haʿôḏennû*": "is he still, does he still", "*ḥay*": "alive, living", "*ʾāḥî*": "my brother" } } 33 { "verseID": "1 Kings.20.33", "source": "‫וְהָאֲנָשִׁים֩ יְנַחֲשׁ֨וּ וַֽיְמַהֲר֜וּ וַיַּחְלְט֣וּ הֲמִמֶּ֗נּוּ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אָחִ֣יךָ בֶן־הֲדַ֔ד וַיֹּ֖אמֶר בֹּ֣אוּ קָחֻ֑הוּ וַיֵּצֵ֤א אֵלָיו֙ בֶּן־הֲדַ֔ד וֽ͏ַיַּעֲלֵ֖הוּ עַל־הַמֶּרְכָּבָֽה׃‬", "text": "And-the-*ʾănāšîm yənaḥăšû* and-*waymahărû* and-*wayaḥləṭû hămimmennû* and-*wayyōʾmərû ʾāḥîḵā ben-hăḏaḏ* and-*wayyōʾmer bōʾû qāḥuhû* and-*wayyēṣēʾ* to-him *ben-hăḏaḏ* and-*wayyaʿălēhû* upon-the-*merkāḇâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*yənaḥăšû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural - they divined/interpreted omen", "*waymahărû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural - and they hastened", "*wayaḥləṭû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural - and they seized/confirmed", "*hămimmennû*": "interrogative particle + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from him?", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd plural - and they said", "*ʾāḥîḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*ben-hăḏaḏ*": "proper noun - Ben-Hadad", "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*bōʾû*": "imperative, masculine plural - come", "*qāḥuhû*": "imperative, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - take him", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went out", "*wayyaʿălēhû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he brought him up", "*merkāḇâ*": "feminine singular noun - chariot" }, "variants": { "*yənaḥăšû*": "divined, took as an omen, interpreted sign", "*waymahărû*": "hastened, hurried", "*wayaḥləṭû*": "seized opportunity, confirmed quickly, snatched", "*hămimmennû*": "was it from him, was this his intent", "*ʾāḥîḵā*": "your brother", "*bōʾû*": "come, enter", "*qāḥuhû*": "take him, bring him", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "went out, came out", "*wayyaʿălēhû*": "brought him up, lifted him up", "*merkāḇâ*": "chariot, war vehicle" } }
• Ps 119:83 : 83 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.83", "source": "כִּֽי־הָ֭יִיתִי כְּנֹ֣אד בְּקִיט֑וֹר חֻ֝קֶּ֗יךָ לֹ֣א שָׁכָֽחְתִּי׃", "text": "For *kî* I have become *hāyîṯî* like a wineskin *kənōʾḏ* in smoke *bəqîṭôr*; your statutes *ḥuqqêḵā* not *lōʾ* I have forgotten *šāḵāḥtî*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hāyîṯî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have become/I have been", "*kənōʾḏ*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - like a wineskin", "*bəqîṭôr*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - in smoke", "*ḥuqqêḵā*": "masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your statutes", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šāḵāḥtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have forgotten" }, "variants": { "*hāyîṯî*": "I have become/I have been/I am", "*nōʾḏ*": "wineskin/bottle/container made of skin", "*bəqîṭôr*": "in smoke/in vapor", "*ḥuqqêḵā*": "your statutes/your decrees/your prescribed laws", "*šāḵāḥtî*": "I have forgotten/I neglect/I ignore" } }
• Matt 9:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Matthew.9.17", "source": "Οὐδὲ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς: εἰ δὲ μή γε ῥήγνυνται οἱ ἀσκοί, καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἐκχεῖται, καὶ οἱ ἀσκοὶ ἀπολοῦνται: ἀλλὰ βάλλουσιν οἶνον νέον εἰς ἀσκοὺς καινούς, καὶ ἀμφότεροι συντηροῦνται.", "text": "Neither do they *ballousin* *oinon neon* into *askous palaious*: otherwise *rhēgnyntai* the *askoi*, and the *oinos ekcheitai*, and the *askoi apolountai*: but they *ballousin* *oinon neon* into *askous kainous*, and both *syntērountai*.", "grammar": { "*ballousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - put/place", "*oinon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - wine", "*neon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - new/young", "*askous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - wineskins", "*palaious*": "accusative, masculine, plural - old", "*rhēgnyntai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person plural - are burst/torn", "*askoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - wineskins", "*oinos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - wine", "*ekcheitai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is poured out", "*apolountai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person plural - will perish/be destroyed", "*kainous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - new/fresh", "*syntērountai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person plural - are preserved together" }, "variants": { "*ballousin*": "put/place/pour", "*oinon neon*": "new/young wine", "*askous palaious*": "old wineskins", "*rhēgnyntai*": "are burst/torn/broken", "*ekcheitai*": "is poured out/spilled", "*apolountai*": "will perish/be destroyed/be lost", "*askous kainous*": "new/fresh wineskins", "*syntērountai*": "are preserved together/are kept safe" } }
• Matt 10:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Matthew.10.16", "source": "¶Ἰδοὺ, ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω ὑμᾶς ὡς πρόβατα ἐν μέσῳ λύκων: γίνεσθε οὖν φρόνιμοι ὡς οἱ ὄφεις, καὶ ἀκέραιοι ὡς αἱ περιστεραί.", "text": "*Idou*, *egō* *apostellō* you as *probata* in *mesō* of-*lykōn*: *ginesthe* *oun* *phronimoi* as the *opheis*, and *akeraioi* as the *peristerai*.", "grammar": { "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative, 2nd singular - behold/look/see", "*egō*": "personal pronoun, nominative - I", "*apostellō*": "present active indicative, 1st singular - I send forth/send out", "*probata*": "accusative neuter plural - sheep", "*mesō*": "dative neuter singular - middle/midst", "*lykōn*": "genitive masculine plural - of wolves", "*ginesthe*": "present middle imperative, 2nd plural - become/be", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*phronimoi*": "nominative masculine plural - wise/prudent", "*opheis*": "nominative masculine plural - serpents", "*akeraioi*": "nominative masculine plural - innocent/harmless", "*peristerai*": "nominative feminine plural - doves" }, "variants": { "*Idou*": "behold/look/see", "*apostellō*": "I send forth/send out/commission", "*probata*": "sheep/flock", "*mesō*": "middle/midst/among", "*lykōn*": "wolves/predators", "*ginesthe*": "become/be/prove yourselves", "*phronimoi*": "wise/prudent/shrewd", "*opheis*": "serpents/snakes", "*akeraioi*": "innocent/harmless/unmixed", "*peristerai*": "doves/pigeons" } }