Judges 10:18

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Judges.10.18", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָעָ֜ם שָׂרֵ֤י גִלְעָד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד", "text": "*wə-yōʾmərû* *hā-ʿām* *śārê* *ḡilʿāḏ* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû* who *hā-ʾîš* which *yāḥēl* *lə-hillāḥēm* in-*bənê* *ʿammôn* *yihyeh* to-*rōʾš* to-all *yōšəḇê* *ḡilʿāḏ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they said", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - princes/officials of", "*ḡilʿāḏ*": "proper noun - Gilead", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his neighbor/companion", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*yāḥēl*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - he will begin", "*lə-hillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will be", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head/chief", "*yōšəḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*ḡilʿāḏ*": "proper noun - Gilead" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōʾmərû*": "they said/they spoke", "*yāḥēl*": "he will begin/he will start/he will undertake", "*lə-hillāḥēm*": "to fight/to wage war", "*rōʾš*": "head/chief/leader" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיֹּאמְר֨וּ הָעָ֜ם שָׂרֵ֤י גִלְעָד֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן יִֽהְיֶ֣ה לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד

Transliteration

wə-yōʾmərû hā-ʿām śārê ḡilʿāḏ ʾîš to-rēʿēhû who hā-ʾîš which yāḥēl lə-hillāḥēm in-bənê ʿammôn yihyeh to-rōʾš to-all yōšəḇê ḡilʿāḏ

Grammar Details

• *wə-yōʾmərû*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they said
• *hā-ʿām*: definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people
• *śārê*: noun, masculine plural construct - princes/officials of
• *ḡilʿāḏ*: proper noun - Gilead
• *ʾîš*: noun, masculine singular - man/each
• *rēʿēhû*: noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his neighbor/companion
• *hā-ʾîš*: definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man
• *yāḥēl*: hiphil imperfect 3ms - he will begin
• *lə-hillāḥēm*: preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight
• *bənê* *ʿammôn*: sons of Ammon
• *yihyeh*: qal imperfect 3ms - he will be
• *rōʾš*: noun, masculine singular - head/chief
• *yōšəḇê*: qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of

Word Meanings

• *wə-yōʾmərû*: they said/they spoke
• *yāḥēl*: he will begin/he will start/he will undertake
• *lə-hillāḥēm*: to fight/to wage war
• *rōʾš*: head/chief/leader

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The people, the leaders of Gilead, said to one another, 'Who is the man who will begin the fight against the Ammonites? He shall be the leader for all the inhabitants of Gilead.'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the people and princes of Gilead said one to another, What man is he that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And the people and leaders of Gilead said to one another, Who is the man that will begin the fight against the children of Ammon? He shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the people and princes of Gilead said one to another, What man is he that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the people,{H5971} the princes{H8269} of Gilead,{H1568} said{H559} one{H376} to another,{H7453} What man{H376} is he that will begin{H2490} to fight{H3898} against the children{H1121} of Ammon?{H5983} he shall be head{H7218} over all the inhabitants{H3427} of Gilead.{H1568}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the people{H5971} and princes{H8269} of Gilead{H1568} said{H559}{(H8799)} one{H376} to another{H7453}, What man{H376} is he that will begin{H2490}{(H8686)} to fight{H3898}{(H8736)} against the children{H1121} of Ammon{H5983}? he shall be head{H7218} over all the inhabitants{H3427}{(H8802)} of Gilead{H1568}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And ye people of the chefest of Gilead sayde amoge them selues: Who so euer begynneth to fight agaynst the children of Ammon, shalbe heade ouer all them that dwell in Gilead.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And the people and princes of Gilead said one to another, Whosoeuer will beginne the battell against the children of Ammon, the same shal be head ouer all the inhabitants of Gilead.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And the people and lordes of Gilead sayde eche to other: whosoeuer will beginne the battell agaynst the children of Ammon, the same shalbe head ouer all the inhabitauntes of Gilead.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the people [and] princes of Gilead said one to another, What man [is he] that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The people, the princes of Gilead, said one to another, What man is he who will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And the people -- heads of Gilead -- say one unto another, `Who `is' the man that doth begin to fight against the Bene-Ammon? he is for head to all inhabitants of Gilead.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the people, the princes of Gilead, said one to another, What man is he that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the people, the princes of Gilead, said one to another, What man is he that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And the people of Israel said to one another, Who will be the first to make an attack on the children of Ammon? We will make him head over all Gilead.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The people, the princes of Gilead, said one to another, "What man is he who will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? He shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The leaders of Gilead said to one another,“Who is willing to lead the charge against the Ammonites? He will become the leader of all who live in Gilead!”

Referenced Verses

• Judg 11:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Judges.11.11", "source": "וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ יִפְתָּח֙ עִם־זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיָּשִׂ֨ימוּ הָעָ֥ם אוֹת֛וֹ עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְרֹ֣אשׁ וּלְקָצִ֑ין וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יִפְתָּ֧ח אֶת־כָּל־דְּבָרָ֛יו לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה בַּמִּצְפָּֽה׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyēleḵ* *Yiptach* with-*ziqnê* *Gil'ād* and *wayyāśîmû* *hā'ām* him over-them to-*rō'š* and-to-*qāṣîn* and *wayədabbēr* *Yiptach* 'et-all-*dəḇārāyw* before *YHWH* in-*hammişpâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyēleḵ*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he went", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*wayyāśîmû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they placed/appointed", "*hā'ām*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*rō'š*": "noun, masculine singular - head/chief", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - commander/leader", "*wayədabbēr*": "verb, Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he spoke", "*dəḇārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his words", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hammişpâ*": "article + proper noun - the Mizpah" }, "variants": { "*wayyāśîmû*": "placed/appointed/made/established", "*rō'š*": "head/chief/leader/commander", "*qāṣîn*": "commander/leader/chief/officer" } }
• Judg 12:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Judges.12.7", "source": "וַיִּשְׁפֹּ֥ט יִפְתָּ֛ח אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֑ים וַיָּ֗מָת יִפְתָּח֙ הַגִּלְעָדִ֔י וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּעָרֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד", "text": "And *wayyišpōṭ* *yip̄tāḥ* *ʾeṯ*-*yiśrāʾēl* six *šānîm* and *wayyāmāṯ* *yip̄tāḥ* *haggilʿāḏî* and *wayyiqqāḇēr* in-*bəʿārê* *gilʿāḏ*", "grammar": { "*wayyišpōṭ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he judged", "*yip̄tāḥ*": "proper noun - Jephthah", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šānîm*": "feminine plural noun - years", "*wayyāmāṯ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*haggilʿāḏî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Gileadite", "*wayyiqqāḇēr*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he was buried", "*bəʿārê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in cities of", "*gilʿāḏ*": "proper noun - Gilead" }, "variants": { "*wayyišpōṭ*": "judged/governed/led/delivered", "*wayyiqqāḇēr*": "was buried/was interred", "*bəʿārê*": "in the cities of/in the towns of" } }
• 1 Sam 17:25 : 25 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.25", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַרְּאִיתֶם֙ הָאִ֤ישׁ הָֽעֹלֶה֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֛י לְחָרֵ֥ף אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עֹלֶ֑ה וְֽ֠הָיָה הָאִ֨ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יַכֶּ֜נּוּ יַעְשְׁרֶ֥נּוּ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ עֹ֣שֶׁר גָּד֗וֹל וְאֶת־בִּתּוֹ֙ יִתֶּן־ל֔וֹ וְאֵת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו יַעֲשֶׂ֥ה חָפְשִׁ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ha-rəʾîtem* *hā-ʾîš* *hā-ʿōleh* *ha-zeh* *kî* *lə-ḥārēp* *ʾet* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʿōleh* *wə-hāyâ* *hā-ʾîš* *ʾăšer* *yakkennû* *yaʿšərennû* *ha-melek* *ʿōšer* *gādôl* *wə-ʾet* *bittô* *yitten* *lô* *wə-ʾēt* *bêt* *ʾābîw* *yaʿăśeh* *ḥopšî* *bə-yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*ʾîš*": "noun ms construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ha-rəʾîtem*": "interrogative particle + qal perfect 2mp - have you seen", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*hā-ʿōleh*": "definite article + qal participle ms - the one coming up", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun ms - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lə-ḥārēp*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to reproach", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿōleh*": "qal participle ms - coming up", "*wə-hāyâ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and it will be", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun ms - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yakkennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will strike him", "*yaʿšərennû*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he will enrich him", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun ms - the king", "*ʿōšer*": "noun ms - riches", "*gādôl*": "adjective ms - great", "*wə-ʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bittô*": "noun fs + 3ms suffix - his daughter", "*yitten*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will give", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*bêt*": "noun ms construct - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun ms + 3ms suffix - his father", "*yaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will make", "*ḥopšî*": "adjective ms - free", "*bə-yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*lə-ḥārēp*": "to taunt/reproach/defy", "*yaʿšərennû*": "will enrich him/will make him wealthy", "*ʿōšer gādôl*": "great wealth/riches", "*yaʿăśeh ḥopšî*": "will make free/will exempt from taxes and service" } }
• Isa 3:1-8 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.1", "source": "כִּי֩ הִנֵּ֨ה הָאָד֜וֹן יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֗וֹת מֵסִ֤יר מִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ וּמִ֣יהוּדָ֔ה מַשְׁעֵ֖ן וּמַשְׁעֵנָ֑ה כֹּ֚ל מִשְׁעַן־לֶ֔חֶם וְכֹ֖ל מִשְׁעַן־מָֽיִם", "text": "For *hinnēh* the *ʾādôn* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *mēsîr* from-*Yərûšālaim* and-from-*Yəhûdāh* *mašʿēn* and-*mašʿēnāh*, all *mišʿan*-*leḥem* and-all *mišʿan*-*māyim*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/that", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*hāʾādôn*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the lord/master", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - hosts/armies", "*mēsîr*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - removing/taking away", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*mašʿēn*": "noun, masculine singular - support/stay", "*mašʿēnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - support/stay", "*kōl*": "noun, construct - all/every", "*mišʿan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - supply/support of", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*ʾādôn*": "lord/master/ruler", "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh/Jehovah", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/battalions", "*mēsîr*": "removing/taking away/turning aside", "*mašʿēn*": "support/stay/staff", "*mašʿēnāh*": "feminine form of support/stay/staff", "*mišʿan*": "supply/support/sustenance", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*māyim*": "water/waters/liquid" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.2", "source": "גִּבּ֖וֹר וְאִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה שׁוֹפֵ֥ט וְנָבִ֖יא וְקֹסֵ֥ם וְזָקֵֽן", "text": "*gibbôr* and-*ʾîš* *milḥāmāh*; *šôpēṭ* and-*nābîʾ* and-*qōsēm* and-*zāqēn*", "grammar": { "*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior/hero", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*šôpēṭ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - judge", "*nābîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - prophet", "*qōsēm*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - diviner/soothsayer", "*zāqēn*": "noun, masculine singular - elder/old man" }, "variants": { "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero/champion", "*ʾîš*": "man/male/husband", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*šôpēṭ*": "judge/one who judges", "*nābîʾ*": "prophet/seer/spokesperson", "*qōsēm*": "diviner/soothsayer/one who practices divination", "*zāqēn*": "elder/old man/aged one" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.3", "source": "שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וּנְשׂ֣וּא פָנִ֑ים וְיוֹעֵ֛ץ וַחֲכַ֥ם חֲרָשִׁ֖ים וּנְב֥וֹן לָֽחַשׁ", "text": "*śar*-*ḥămišîm* and-*nəśûʾ* *pānîm* and-*yôʿēṣ* and-*ḥăkam* *ḥărāšîm* and-*nəbôn* *lāḥaš*", "grammar": { "*śar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - captain/chief of", "*ḥămišîm*": "number - fifty", "*nəśûʾ*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - lifted up/exalted", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face/countenance", "*yôʿēṣ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - counselor/adviser", "*ḥăkam*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - wise/skilled", "*ḥărāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - craftsmen/artisans/engravers", "*nəbôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - understanding/discerning", "*lāḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular - whisper/charm/spell" }, "variants": { "*śar*": "captain/chief/prince/leader", "*ḥămišîm*": "fifty (as a military unit)", "*nəśûʾ pānîm*": "one of dignity/respected person/honored one", "*yôʿēṣ*": "counselor/adviser/consultant", "*ḥăkam ḥărāšîm*": "skilled craftsman/expert artisan/master of crafts", "*nəbôn lāḥaš*": "skilled in enchantment/eloquent speaker/expert in incantation" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.4", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֥י נְעָרִ֖ים שָׂרֵיהֶ֑ם וְתַעֲלוּלִ֖ים יִמְשְׁלוּ־בָֽם", "text": "And-*nātattî* *nəʿārîm* *śārêhem* and-*taʿălûlîm* *yimšəlû*-in-them", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will give/set/place", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - youths/boys/lads", "*śārêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their princes/officials", "*taʿălûlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - children/capricious ones", "*yimšəlû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will rule/govern", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in/against them" }, "variants": { "*nātattî*": "I will give/set/appoint/make", "*nəʿārîm*": "youths/boys/lads/immature ones", "*śārêhem*": "their princes/officials/rulers", "*taʿălûlîm*": "children/capricious ones/childish ones/mockers", "*yimšəlû*": "they will rule/govern/dominate/control" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.5", "source": "וְנִגַּ֣שׂ הָעָ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּאִ֖ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ יִרְהֲב֗וּ הַנַּ֙עַר֙ בַּזָּקֵ֔ן וְהַנִּקְלֶ֖ה בַּנִּכְבָּֽד", "text": "And-*niggaś* the-*ʿām*, *ʾîš* against-*ʾîš* and-*ʾîš* against-*rēʿēhû*; *yirhabû* the-*naʿar* against-the-*zāqēn*, and-the-*niqleh* against-the-*nikbād*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*niggaś*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be oppressed", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*bə*": "preposition - against/in", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*yirhabû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will behave insolently", "*hanaʿar*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the youth", "*bazzāqēn*": "preposition with definite noun, masculine singular - against the elder", "*hanniqleh*": "definite Niphal participle, masculine singular - the despised/dishonored one", "*bannikbād*": "preposition with definite Niphal participle, masculine singular - against the honored one" }, "variants": { "*niggaś*": "will be oppressed/tyrannized/pressured", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*ʾîš*": "man/each/one", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/companion/fellow", "*yirhabû*": "they will behave insolently/storm against/be arrogant", "*naʿar*": "youth/boy/lad", "*zāqēn*": "elder/old man/aged one", "*niqleh*": "despised/dishonored/lightly esteemed", "*nikbād*": "honored/respected/esteemed" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.6", "source": "כִּֽי־יִתְפֹּ֨שׂ אִ֤ישׁ בְּאָחִיו֙ בֵּ֣ית אָבִ֔יו שִׂמְלָ֣ה לְכָ֔ה קָצִ֖ין תִּֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑נוּ וְהַמַּכְשֵׁלָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את תַּ֥חַת יָדֶֽךָ", "text": "When-*yitpōś* *ʾîš* on-*ʾāḥîw* of-*bêt* *ʾābîw*: '*śimlāh* to-you, *qāṣîn* *tihyeh*-to-us, and-the-*makšēlāh* the-*zōʾt* under *yādekā*'", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when/because", "*yitpōś*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will seize/grasp", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - a man", "*bə*": "preposition - on/at", "*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his father", "*śimlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cloak/outer garment", "*lekā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - ruler/commander", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will be", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st person common plural suffix - to us", "*hamakšēlāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ruin/stumbling", "*hazzōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - this", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand" }, "variants": { "*yitpōś*": "will seize/grasp/take hold of", "*ʾîš*": "man/someone/each", "*ʾāḥîw*": "his brother/kinsman/relative", "*bêt ʾābîw*": "his father's house/family", "*śimlāh*": "cloak/outer garment/clothing", "*qāṣîn*": "ruler/commander/chief", "*tihyeh*": "you will be/become/exist as", "*makšēlāh*": "ruin/stumbling/downfall", "*zōʾt*": "this/this one", "*yād*": "hand/power/control" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.7", "source": "יִשָּׂא֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֤וּא ׀ לֵאמֹר֙ לֹא־אֶהְיֶ֣ה חֹבֵ֔שׁ וּבְבֵיתִ֕י אֵ֥ין לֶ֖חֶם וְאֵ֣ין שִׂמְלָ֑ה לֹ֥א תְשִׂימֻ֖נִי קְצִ֥ין עָֽם", "text": "*yiśśāʾ* in-the-*yôm* the-*hû* *lēʾmōr*: Not-*ʾehyeh* *ḥōbēš*, and-in-*bêtî* *ʾên* *leḥem* and-*ʾên* *śimlāh*; not *təśîmunî* *qəṣîn* *ʿām*", "grammar": { "*yiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will lift up/raise/answer", "*bayyôm*": "preposition with definite noun, masculine singular - in the day", "*hahû*": "definite demonstrative, masculine singular - that", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾehyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be", "*ḥōbēš*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who binds up/healer", "*bəbêtî*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - in my house", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*śimlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cloak/outer garment", "*təśîmunî*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - you will make me", "*qəṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - ruler/commander", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*yiśśāʾ*": "he will lift up/raise/answer/respond", "*yôm*": "day/time/period", "*hû*": "that/the same", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ʾehyeh*": "I will be/become/exist as", "*ḥōbēš*": "one who binds up/healer/one who bandages wounds", "*bêt*": "house/home/household", "*ʾên*": "there is not/there isn't/no", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*śimlāh*": "cloak/outer garment/clothing", "*təśîmunî*": "you (plural) will make me/set me/appoint me", "*qəṣîn*": "ruler/commander/chief", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.8", "source": "כִּ֤י כָשְׁלָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וִיהוּדָ֖ה נָפָ֑ל כִּֽי־לְשׁוֹנָ֤ם וּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶם֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה לַמְר֖וֹת עֵנֵ֥י כְבוֹדֽוֹ", "text": "For *kāšəlāh* *Yərûšālaim* and-*Yəhûdāh* *nāpāl*; for-*ləšônām* and-*maʿalləlêhem* against-*YHWH*, to-*mamrôt* *ʿênê* *kəbôdô*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kāšəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has stumbled/staggered", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun, feminine - Jerusalem", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*nāpāl*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has fallen", "*ləšônām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*maʿalləlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their deeds/practices", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against/toward", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ləmamrôt*": "preposition with Hiphil infinitive construct - to rebel against/to defy", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*kəbôdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his glory" }, "variants": { "*kāšəlāh*": "has stumbled/staggered/tottered", "*nāpāl*": "has fallen/collapsed/been brought down", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*maʿalləlîm*": "deeds/practices/doings", "*mamrôt*": "to rebel against/to defy/to provoke", "*ʿênayim*": "eyes/sight/presence", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/splendor" } }
• Isa 34:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.12", "source": "חֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃", "text": "*ḥōrêhā* *wĕʾên*-*šām* *mĕlûkâ* *yiqrāʾû* *wĕkāl*-*śārêhā* *yihyû* *ʾāpes*", "grammar": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its nobles", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + negative particle - and there is not", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "feminine singular noun - kingdom/kingship", "*yiqrāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will call", "*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and all of", "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its princes/officials", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be", "*ʾāpes*": "masculine singular noun - nothing/end" }, "variants": { "*ḥōrêhā*": "its nobles/its freemen/its nobility", "*ʾên*": "there is not/there is no", "*šām*": "there", "*mĕlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty", "*yiqrāʾû*": "they will call/they will proclaim/they will invite", "*śārêhā*": "its princes/its officials/its chiefs", "*yihyû*": "they will be/they will become", "*ʾāpes*": "nothing/nonexistence/end/cessation" } }
• Judg 1:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Judges.1.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י אַחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַֽיִּשְׁאֲלוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּיהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מִ֣י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֧נוּ אֶל־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֛י בַּתְּחִלָּ֖ה לְהִלָּ֥חֶם בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* after *môt* *Yəhôšuaʿ* and *wayyišʾălû* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* in *YHWH* *lēʾmōr*: Who *yaʿăleh* for us against the *Kənaʿănî* in the *battəḥillâ* to *ləhillāḥēm* with him?", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/happened", "*môt*": "construct noun, masculine singular - death of", "*Yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*wayyišʾălû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd common plural - and they inquired/asked", "*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - sons of/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*yaʿăleh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*Kənaʿănî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Canaanite", "*battəḥillâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the beginning/first", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*wayyišʾălû*": "they asked/inquired/consulted", "*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/ascend/attack", "*battəḥillâ*": "at first/in the beginning/initially" } }
• Judg 11:5-8 : 5 { "verseID": "Judges.11.5", "source": "וַיְהִ֕י כַּאֲשֶׁר־נִלְחֲמ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן עִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ זִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד לָקַ֥חַת אֶת־יִפְתָּ֖ח מֵאֶ֥רֶץ טֽוֹב׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when-*nilḥămû* *bənê*-*'Ammôn* with-*Yiśrā'ēl* and *wayyēləḵû* *ziqnê* *Gil'ād* to-*lāqaḥat* 'et-*Yiptach* from-*'ereṣ* *Ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and it came to pass", "*nilḥămû*": "verb, Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they fought", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*wayyēləḵû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they went", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*lāqaḥat*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct - to take/fetch", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Ṭôb*": "proper noun - Tob" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it came to pass/and it happened", "*nilḥămû*": "fought/made war/battled", "*wayyēləḵû*": "went/walked/proceeded", "*lāqaḥat*": "to take/to fetch/to bring" } } 6 { "verseID": "Judges.11.6", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ לְיִפְתָּ֔ח לְכָ֕ה וְהָיִ֥יתָה לָּ֖נוּ לְקָצִ֑ין וְנִֽלָּחֲמָ֖ה בִּבְנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mərû* to-*Yiptach* *ləḵâ* and *hāyîtâ* to-us to-*qāṣîn* and *nillāḥămâ* against-*bənê* *'Ammôn*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mərû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they said", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*ləḵâ*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - come/go", "*hāyîtâ*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be", "*qāṣîn*": "noun, masculine singular - leader/commander/chief", "*nillāḥămâ*": "verb, Niphal imperfect 1st person plural cohortative - let us fight", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*ləḵâ*": "come/go/proceed", "*qāṣîn*": "leader/commander/chief/ruler", "*nillāḥămâ*": "let us fight/let us make war/let us battle" } } 7 { "verseID": "Judges.11.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יִפְתָּח֙ לְזִקְנֵ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד הֲלֹ֤א אַתֶּם֙ שְׂנֵאתֶ֣ם אוֹתִ֔י וַתְּגָרְשׁ֖וּנִי מִבֵּ֣ית אָבִ֑י וּמַדּ֜וּעַ בָּאתֶ֤ם אֵלַי֙ עַ֔תָּה כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צַ֥ר לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mer* *Yiptach* to-*ziqnê* *Gil'ād* *hălō'* you *śənē'tem* me and *wattəgārəšûnî* from-*bêt* *'ābî* and-*maddûa'* *bā'tem* to-me *'attâ* when *ṣar* to-you", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he said", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*hălō'*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - did not", "*śənē'tem*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you hated", "*wattəgārəšûnî*": "verb, Piel imperfect 2nd masculine plural consecutive + 1st person singular suffix - and you drove me out", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*'ābî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my father", "*maddûa'*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*bā'tem*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have come", "*'attâ*": "adverb - now", "*ṣar*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it is distressing" }, "variants": { "*śənē'tem*": "hated/despised/rejected", "*wattəgārəšûnî*": "drove me out/expelled me/cast me out", "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/adversity/calamity" } } 8 { "verseID": "Judges.11.8", "source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ זִקְנֵ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶל־יִפְתָּ֗ח לָכֵן֙ עַתָּה֙ שַׁ֣בְנוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ֣ עִמָּ֔נוּ וְנִלְחַמְתָּ֖ בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהָיִ֤יתָ לָּ֙נוּ֙ לְרֹ֔אשׁ לְכֹ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י גִלְעָֽד׃", "text": "And *wayyō'mərû* *ziqnê* *Gil'ād* to-*Yiptach* *lāḵēn* *'attâ* *šaḇnû* to-you and *hālaḵtā* with-us and *niləḥamtā* against-*bənê* *'Ammôn* and *hāyîtā* to-us to-*rō'š* to-all *yōšəḇê* *Gil'ād*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mərû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural consecutive - and they said", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*Yiptach*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Jephthah", "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*'attâ*": "adverb - now", "*šaḇnû*": "verb, Qal perfect 1st person plural - we have returned", "*hālaḵtā*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will go", "*niləḥamtā*": "verb, Niphal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will fight", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*'Ammôn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ammon", "*hāyîtā*": "verb, Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you will be", "*rō'š*": "noun, masculine singular - head/chief", "*yōšəḇê*": "verb, Qal participle masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*Gil'ād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead" }, "variants": { "*lāḵēn*": "therefore/for this reason/accordingly", "*šaḇnû*": "we have returned/we have come back/we have turned", "*rō'š*": "head/chief/leader/commander" } }