Judges 5:28

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Judges.5.28", "source": "בְּעַד֩ הַחַלּ֨וֹן נִשְׁקְפָ֧ה וַתְּיַבֵּ֛ב אֵ֥ם סִֽיסְרָ֖א בְּעַ֣ד הֽ͏ָאֶשְׁנָ֑ב מַדּ֗וּעַ בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ רִכְבּוֹ֙ לָב֔וֹא מַדּ֣וּעַ אֶֽחֱר֔וּ פַּעֲמֵ֖י מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "Through the-window she-*shaqaph* and-she-*yabab* mother-of *Sisera* through the-lattice: Why *bosh* his-chariot to-come? Why they-*achar* steps-of his-chariots?", "grammar": { "בְּעַד֩": "preposition - through", "הַחַלּ֨וֹן": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the window", "נִשְׁקְפָ֧ה": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she looked out", "וַתְּיַבֵּ֛ב": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she cried/wailed", "אֵ֥ם": "noun, feminine singular construct - mother of", "*Sisera*": "proper name, masculine - Sisera", "בְּעַ֣ד": "preposition - through", "הֽ͏ָאֶשְׁנָ֑ב": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the lattice/window", "מַדּ֗וּעַ": "interrogative - why", "בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - delays/tarries", "רִכְבּוֹ֙": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariot", "לָב֔וֹא": "preposition ל + Qal infinitive construct - to come", "מַדּ֣וּעַ": "interrogative - why", "אֶֽחֱר֔וּ": "Piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they delayed/tarried", "פַּעֲמֵ֖י": "noun, feminine plural construct - steps/hoofbeats of", "מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots" }, "variants": { "*shaqaph*": "look out/down/through", "*yabab*": "cry/wail", "*bosh*": "delay/tarry/be ashamed", "*achar*": "delay/tarry/hesitate" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

בְּעַד֩ הַחַלּ֨וֹן נִשְׁקְפָ֧ה וַתְּיַבֵּ֛ב אֵ֥ם סִֽיסְרָ֖א בְּעַ֣ד הֽ͏ָאֶשְׁנָ֑ב מַדּ֗וּעַ בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ רִכְבּוֹ֙ לָב֔וֹא מַדּ֣וּעַ אֶֽחֱר֔וּ פַּעֲמֵ֖י מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו׃

Transliteration

Through the-window she-shaqaph and-she-yabab mother-of Sisera through the-lattice: Why bosh his-chariot to-come? Why they-achar steps-of his-chariots?

Grammar Details

• בְּעַד֩: preposition - through
• הַחַלּ֨וֹן: definite article + noun, masculine singular - the window
• נִשְׁקְפָ֧ה: Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she looked out
• וַתְּיַבֵּ֛ב: waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she cried/wailed
• אֵ֥ם: noun, feminine singular construct - mother of
• *Sisera*: proper name, masculine - Sisera
• בְּעַ֣ד: preposition - through
• הֽ͏ָאֶשְׁנָ֑ב: definite article + noun, masculine singular - the lattice/window
• מַדּ֗וּעַ: interrogative - why
• בֹּשֵׁ֤שׁ: Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - delays/tarries
• רִכְבּוֹ֙: noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariot
• לָב֔וֹא: preposition ל + Qal infinitive construct - to come
• מַדּ֣וּעַ: interrogative - why
• אֶֽחֱר֔וּ: Piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they delayed/tarried
• פַּעֲמֵ֖י: noun, feminine plural construct - steps/hoofbeats of
• מַרְכְּבוֹתָֽיו: noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots

Word Meanings

• *shaqaph*: look out/down/through
• *yabab*: cry/wail
• *bosh*: delay/tarry/be ashamed
• *achar*: delay/tarry/hesitate

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Through the window peered Sisera's mother; behind the lattice she cried out, 'Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why is the clatter of his chariots delayed?'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? why tarry the wheels of his chariots?

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  The mother of Sisera looked out of a window, and cried through the lattice, 'Why is his chariot so long in coming? why do the wheels of his chariots delay?'

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? why tarry the wheels of his chariots?

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Through the window{H2474} she looked{H8259} forth, and cried,{H2980} The mother{H517} of Sisera cried{H2980} through the lattice,{H822} Why is his chariot{H7393} so long{H954} in coming?{H935} Why tarry{H309} the wheels{H6471} of his chariots?{H4818}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  The mother{H517} of Sisera{H5516} looked{H8259}{(H8738)} out at a window{H2474}, and cried{H2980}{(H8762)} through the lattice{H822}, Why is his chariot{H7393} so long{H954}{(H8765)} in coming{H935}{(H8800)}? why tarry{H309}{(H8765)} the wheels{H6471} of his chariots{H4818}?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  His mother loked out at the wyndowe, & cried piteously thorow the trallace: Why tarieth his charet out so loge, that he cometh not? Wherfore do the wheles of his charet make so longe tarienge?

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The mother of Sisera looked out at a windowe, and cryed thorowe the lattesse, Why is his charet so long a comming? why tary the wheeles of his charets?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The mother of Sisara loked out at a wyndowe, and cryed thorowe the lattesse: Why is his charret so long a commyng? Why tary the wheeles of his charettes?

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  The mother of Sisera looked out at a window, and cried through the lattice, Why is his chariot [so] long in coming? why tarry the wheels of his chariots?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Through the window she looked forth, and cried, The mother of Sisera [cried] through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why do the wheels of his chariots wait?

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Through the window she hath looked out -- Yea, she crieth out -- the mother of Sisera, Through the lattice: Wherefore is his chariot delaying to come? Wherefore tarried have the steps of his chariot?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Through the window she looked forth, and cried, The mother of Sisera `cried' through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why tarry the wheels of his chariots?

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Through the window she looked forth, and cried, The mother of Sisera [cried] through the lattice, Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why tarry the wheels of his chariots?

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Looking out from the window she gave a cry, the mother of Sisera was crying out through the window, Why is his carriage so long in coming? When will the noise of his wheels be sounding?

• World English Bible (2000)

  "Through the window she looked out, and cried: Sisera's mother looked through the lattice. 'Why is his chariot so long in coming? Why do the wheels of his chariots wait?'

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Through the window she looked; Sisera’s mother cried out through the lattice:‘Why is his chariot so slow to return? Why are the hoofbeats of his chariot-horses delayed?’

Referenced Verses

• Judg 4:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Judges.4.15", "source": "וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֧כֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֣י בָרָ֑ק וַיֵּ֧רֶד סִֽיסְרָ֛א מֵעַ֥ל הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה וַיָּ֥נָס בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wa-yāhom Yahweh ʾet-sîsərāʾ wə-ʾet-kol-hārekeb wə-ʾet-kol-hammaḥăneh ləpî-ḥereb lipnê bārāq wa-yēred sîsərāʾ mēʿal hammerkābâ wa-yānos bəraglāyw*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāhom*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he confused/routed", "*Yahweh*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾet-sîsərāʾ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sisera", "*wə-ʾet-kol-hārekeb*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + definite article + noun - and all the chariots", "*wə-ʾet-kol-hammaḥăneh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + definite article + noun - and all the camp/army", "*ləpî-ḥereb*": "preposition + construct noun + noun - by edge of sword", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct noun - before/in front of", "*bārāq*": "proper noun - Barak", "*wa-yēred*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he got down", "*sîsərāʾ*": "proper noun - Sisera", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*hammerkābâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the chariot", "*wa-yānos*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he fled", "*bəraglāyw*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on his feet" }, "variants": { "*wa-yāhom*": "confused/routed/threw into panic", "*ləpî-ḥereb*": "by edge of sword/with the sword/to the mouth of the sword", "*wa-yēred*": "got down/descended/alighted", "*wa-yānos*": "fled/ran away/escaped", "*bəraglāyw*": "on foot/on his feet" } }
• 2 Kgs 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Kings.1.2", "source": "וַיִּפֹּ֨ל אֲחַזְיָ֜ה בְּעַ֣ד הַשְּׂבָכָ֗ה בַּעֲלִיָּ֛תוֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּשֹׁמְר֖וֹן וַיָּ֑חַל וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָכִ֗ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ לְכ֣וּ דִרְשׁ֗וּ בְּבַ֤עַל זְבוּב֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י עֶקְר֔וֹן אִם־אֶחְיֶ֖ה מֵחֳלִ֥י זֶֽה׃ ס", "text": "*wə-yippōl* *ʾĂḥazyāh* *bəʿad* *ha-śəbākāh* *bə-ʿăliyyātô* *ʾăsher* *bə-Shōmərôn* *wə-yāḥal* *wə-yishlaḥ* *malʾākîm* *wə-yōʾmer* *ʾălêhem* *ləkû* *dirshû* *bə-Baʿal zəbûb* *ʾĕlōhê* *ʿEqrôn* *ʾim-ʾeḥyeh* *mē-ḥŏlî* *zeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yippōl*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and fell", "*ʾĂḥazyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahaziah", "*bəʿad*": "preposition - through", "*ha-śəbākāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the lattice", "*bə-ʿăliyyātô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - in his upper chamber", "*ʾăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*bə-Shōmərôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Samaria", "*wə-yāḥal*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became sick", "*wə-yishlaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and sent", "*malʾākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ləkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go", "*dirshû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - inquire/seek", "*bə-Baʿal zəbûb*": "preposition + proper noun compound - of Baal-zebub", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - god of", "*ʿEqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron", "*ʾim-ʾeḥyeh*": "conditional particle + qal imperfect, 1st singular - if I will recover", "*mē-ḥŏlî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from illness", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*bəʿad*": "through/around/behind", "*śəbākāh*": "lattice/network/grating", "*yāḥal*": "became sick/was injured", "*dirshû*": "inquire/seek/consult", "*Baʿal zəbûb*": "lord of flies/Baal of Ekron", "*ʾeḥyeh*": "recover/live/survive" } }
• Prov 7:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Proverbs.7.6", "source": "כִּ֭י בְּחַלּ֣וֹן בֵּיתִ֑י בְּעַ֖ד אֶשְׁנַבִּ֣י נִשְׁקָֽפְתִּי׃", "text": "For in *ḥallôn* of my *bêṯî*, through my *ʾešnabbî* I *nišqāp̄tî*.", "grammar": { "*ḥallôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - window", "*bêṯî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my house", "*ʾešnabbî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my lattice", "*nišqāp̄tî*": "verb, nifal perfect, 1st person singular - I looked down/out" }, "variants": { "*ʾešnabbî*": "lattice/window", "*nišqāp̄tî*": "looked out/looked down/observed" } }
• Song 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Song of Songs.2.9", "source": "דּוֹמֶ֤ה דוֹדִי֙ לִצְבִ֔י א֖וֹ לְעֹ֣פֶר הָֽאַיָּלִ֑ים הִנֵּה־זֶ֤ה עוֹמֵד֙ אַחַ֣ר כָּתְלֵ֔נוּ מַשְׁגִּ֙יחַ֙ מִן־הַֽחֲלֹּנ֔וֹת מֵצִ֖יץ מִן־הֽ͏ַחֲרַכִּֽים׃", "text": "*dômeh* *dôdî* to-*ṣəbî* *ʾô* to-*ʿōper* the-*ʾayyālîm* behold-this *ʿômēd* behind *kātlēnû* *mašgîaḥ* from-the-*ḥallônôt* *mēṣîṣ* from-the-*ḥărakkîm*", "grammar": { "*dômeh*": "masculine singular participle qal - resembling/similar", "*dôdî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my beloved", "*ṣəbî*": "masculine singular noun with prefix *lə* (to) - to gazelle", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ʿōper*": "masculine singular construct noun with prefix *lə* (to) - to young one of", "*ʾayyālîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the stags/deer", "*ʿômēd*": "masculine singular participle qal - standing", "*kātlēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix and preposition *ʾaḥar* - behind our wall", "*mašgîaḥ*": "masculine singular participle hiphil - looking/peering", "*ḥallônôt*": "masculine plural noun with definite article and preposition *min* - from the windows", "*mēṣîṣ*": "masculine singular participle hiphil - glancing/peeping", "*ḥărakkîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article and preposition *min* - from the lattices" }, "variants": { "*dôdî*": "my beloved/my love/my friend", "*ṣəbî*": "gazelle/deer/roe", "*ʿōper ha-ʾayyālîm*": "young stag/fawn/young deer", "*mašgîaḥ*": "looking/peering/gazing", "*mēṣîṣ*": "glancing/peeping/peering", "*ḥărakkîm*": "lattices/lattice windows/crevices" } }
• Song 8:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Song of Songs.8.14", "source": "בְּרַ֣ח ׀ דּוֹדִ֗י וּֽדְמֵה־לְךָ֤ לִצְבִי֙ א֚וֹ לְעֹ֣פֶר הָֽאַיָּלִ֔ים עַ֖ל הָרֵ֥י בְשָׂמִֽים׃", "text": "*bĕraḥ* *dôdî* and-*dĕmēh*-to-you to-*ṣĕbî* or to-*ʿōper* the-*ʾayyālîm* upon *hārê* *bĕśāmîm*", "grammar": { "*bĕraḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - flee/hasten", "*dôdî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my beloved", "*dĕmēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - be like", "*lĕḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to yourself", "*ṣĕbî*": "masculine singular noun - gazelle", "*ʿōper*": "masculine singular construct noun - young one of", "*ʾayyālîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the deer/stags", "*hārê*": "masculine plural construct noun - mountains of", "*bĕśāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - spices/balsam" }, "variants": { "*bĕraḥ*": "flee/hasten away/run", "*dôdî*": "my beloved/my lover", "*dĕmēh-lĕḵā*": "be like/make yourself like/resemble", "*ṣĕbî*": "gazelle/deer", "*ʿōper*": "young/fawn", "*ʾayyālîm*": "deer/stags/harts", "*hārê bĕśāmîm*": "mountains of spices/mountains of balsam/fragrant hills" } }
• Jas 5:7 : 7 { "verseID": "James.5.7", "source": "Μακροθυμήσατε οὖν, ἀδελφοί, ἕως τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ Κυρίου. Ἰδοὺ, ὁ γεωργὸς ἐκδέχεται τὸν τίμιον καρπὸν τῆς γῆς, μακροθυμῶν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ, ἕως ἂν λάβῃ ὑετὸν πρώϊμον καὶ ὄψιμον.", "text": "*Makrothymēsate oun, adelphoi, heōs tēs parousias tou Kyriou. Idou*, the *geōrgos ekdechetai ton timion karpon tēs gēs, makrothymōn ep'* it, *heōs an labē hyeton prōimon kai opsimon*.", "grammar": { "*Makrothymēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - be patient", "*oun*": "conjunction - therefore", "*adelphoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*heōs*": "preposition - until", "*tēs parousias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - the coming/arrival", "*tou Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of the Lord", "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look", "*geōrgos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - farmer", "*ekdechetai*": "present middle, 3rd singular - waits for/expects", "*ton timion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the precious/valuable", "*karpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - fruit/crop", "*tēs gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the earth/land", "*makrothymōn*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being patient", "*ep'*": "preposition + dative - for/over", "*heōs an*": "conjunction combination - until", "*labē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - he might receive", "*hyeton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - rain", "*prōimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - early", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*opsimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - late" }, "variants": { "*Makrothymēsate*": "be patient/longsuffering/enduring", "*adelphoi*": "brothers/siblings (can include sisters in broader usage)", "*parousias*": "coming/arrival/presence", "*geōrgos*": "farmer/husbandman/tiller of soil", "*ekdechetai*": "waits for/expects/awaits eagerly", "*timion karpon*": "precious fruit/valuable crop", "*makrothymōn*": "being patient/waiting with patience", "*hyeton prōimon kai opsimon*": "early and late rain (referring to autumn and spring rains in Palestinian agricultural cycle)" } }