Judges 5:20

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Judges.5.20", "source": "מִן־שָׁמַ֖יִם נִלְחָ֑מוּ הַכּֽוֹכָבִים֙ מִמְּסִלּוֹתָ֔ם נִלְחֲמ֖וּ עִם־סִיסְרָֽא׃", "text": "From heavens they-*lacham*, the-stars from-their-courses they-*lacham* with-*Sisera*", "grammar": { "מִן־שָׁמַ֖יִם": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - from heavens", "נִלְחָ֑מוּ": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fought", "הַכּֽוֹכָבִים֙": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the stars", "מִמְּסִלּוֹתָ֔ם": "preposition מן + noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their courses/orbits", "נִלְחֲמ֖וּ": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fought", "עִם־סִיסְרָֽא": "preposition + proper name - with Sisera" }, "variants": { "*lacham*": "fight/do battle" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

מִן־שָׁמַ֖יִם נִלְחָ֑מוּ הַכּֽוֹכָבִים֙ מִמְּסִלּוֹתָ֔ם נִלְחֲמ֖וּ עִם־סִיסְרָֽא׃

Transliteration

From heavens they-lacham, the-stars from-their-courses they-lacham with-Sisera

Grammar Details

• מִן־שָׁמַ֖יִם: preposition + noun, masculine plural - from heavens
• נִלְחָ֑מוּ: Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fought
• הַכּֽוֹכָבִים֙: definite article + noun, masculine plural - the stars
• מִמְּסִלּוֹתָ֔ם: preposition מן + noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their courses/orbits
• נִלְחֲמ֖וּ: Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they fought
• עִם־סִיסְרָֽא: preposition + proper name - with Sisera

Word Meanings

• *lacham*: fight/do battle

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  From the heavens the stars fought; from their courses, they fought against Sisera.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  From heaven{H8064} fought{H3898} the stars,{H3556} From their courses{H4546} they fought{H3898} against Sisera.{H5516}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  They fought{H3898}{(H8738)} from heaven{H8064}; the stars{H3556} in their courses{H4546} fought{H3898}{(H8738)} against Sisera{H5516}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  From heaue were they foughte agaynst, the starres in their courses foughte with Sissera.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  They fought from heauen, euen the starres in their courses fought against Sisera.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  They fought from heauen, euen the starres in their courses fought agaynst Sisara.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  They fought from heaven; the stars in their courses fought against Sisera.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  From the sky the stars fought, From their courses they fought against Sisera.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  From the heavens they fought: The stars from their highways fought with Sisera.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  From heaven fought the stars, From their courses they fought against Sisera.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  From heaven fought the stars, From their courses they fought against Sisera.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The stars from heaven were fighting; from their highways they were fighting against Sisera.

• World English Bible (2000)

  From the sky the stars fought. From their courses, they fought against Sisera.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  From the sky the stars fought, from their paths in the heavens they fought against Sisera.

Referenced Verses

• Josh 10:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י בְּנֻסָ֣ם ׀ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הֵ֞ם בְּמוֹרַ֤ד בֵּית־חוֹרֹן֙ וַֽיהוָ֡ה הִשְׁלִ֣יךְ עֲלֵיהֶם֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֧וֹת מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם עַד־עֲזֵקָ֖ה וַיָּמֻ֑תוּ רַבִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁר־מֵ֙תוּ֙ בְּאַבְנֵ֣י הַבָּרָ֔ד מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָרְג֛וּ בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בֶּחָֽרֶב", "text": "And *wayəhî* in *nusām* from before *yiśrāʾēl*, they in descent of *bêt-ḥôrōn*, and *YHWH* *hišlîḵ* upon-them stones *gəḏōlôt* from-*haššāmayim* until-*ʿăzēqāh*, and *wayyāmutû*; many who-*mētû* by stones of *habbārāḏ* than which *hārəgû* sons of *yiśrāʾēl* with *heḥāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened", "*nusām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fleeing", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bêt-ḥôrōn*": "proper noun - Beth-horon", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hišlîḵ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil stem - he threw down", "*gəḏōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - large", "*haššāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens", "*ʿăzēqāh*": "proper noun - Azekah", "*wayyāmutû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they died", "*mētû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they died", "*habbārāḏ*": "noun with definite article - the hail", "*hārəgû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they killed", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*heḥāreḇ*": "noun with definite article - the sword" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*nusām*": "their fleeing/escaping/running away", "*hišlîḵ*": "he threw down/cast down/hurled", "*gəḏōlôt*": "large/great/huge", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky", "*wayyāmutû*": "and they died/perished", "*mētû*": "they died/perished", "*habbārāḏ*": "the hail/hailstones", "*hārəgû*": "they killed/slew/slaughtered", "*heḥāreḇ*": "the sword/weapon" } }
• Judg 4:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Judges.4.15", "source": "וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת־סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת־כָּל־הָרֶ֧כֶב וְאֶת־כָּל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה לְפִי־חֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֣י בָרָ֑ק וַיֵּ֧רֶד סִֽיסְרָ֛א מֵעַ֥ל הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה וַיָּ֥נָס בְּרַגְלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wa-yāhom Yahweh ʾet-sîsərāʾ wə-ʾet-kol-hārekeb wə-ʾet-kol-hammaḥăneh ləpî-ḥereb lipnê bārāq wa-yēred sîsərāʾ mēʿal hammerkābâ wa-yānos bəraglāyw*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāhom*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he confused/routed", "*Yahweh*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾet-sîsərāʾ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Sisera", "*wə-ʾet-kol-hārekeb*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + definite article + noun - and all the chariots", "*wə-ʾet-kol-hammaḥăneh*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + definite article + noun - and all the camp/army", "*ləpî-ḥereb*": "preposition + construct noun + noun - by edge of sword", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct noun - before/in front of", "*bārāq*": "proper noun - Barak", "*wa-yēred*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he got down", "*sîsərāʾ*": "proper noun - Sisera", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*hammerkābâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the chariot", "*wa-yānos*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he fled", "*bəraglāyw*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on his feet" }, "variants": { "*wa-yāhom*": "confused/routed/threw into panic", "*ləpî-ḥereb*": "by edge of sword/with the sword/to the mouth of the sword", "*wa-yēred*": "got down/descended/alighted", "*wa-yānos*": "fled/ran away/escaped", "*bəraglāyw*": "on foot/on his feet" } }
• 1 Sam 7:10 : 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.7.10", "source": "וַיְהִ֤י שְׁמוּאֵל֙ מַעֲלֶ֣ה הָעוֹלָ֔ה וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים נִגְּשׁ֔וּ לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיַּרְעֵ֣ם יְהוָ֣ה ׀ בְּקוֹל־גָּ֠דוֹל בַּיּ֨וֹם הַה֤וּא עַל־פְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ וַיְהֻמֵּ֔ם וַיִּנָּגְפ֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayhî* *šĕmûʾēl* *maʿălê* the-*ʿôlâ* and-*pĕlištîm* *niggĕšû* to-the-*milḥāmâ* with-*yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyarʿēm* *YHWH* with-voice-*gādôl* in-the-day the-that upon-*pĕlištîm* and *wayhummēm* and *wayyinnāgĕpû* before *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayhî*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*maʿălê*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular construct - offering up", "*niggĕšû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they drew near", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war", "*wayyarʿēm*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he thundered", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great/loud", "*wayhummēm*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were confused", "*wayyinnāgĕpû*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they were struck/defeated" }, "variants": { "*maʿălê*": "offering up/causing to ascend/lifting up", "*niggĕšû*": "drew near/approached/came close to", "*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war/fighting", "*wayyarʿēm*": "thundered/roared/made a loud noise", "*gādôl*": "great/loud/mighty", "*wayhummēm*": "were confused/were thrown into panic/were discomfited", "*wayyinnāgĕpû*": "were struck/were defeated/were smitten" } }
• Ps 77:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.77.17", "source": "רָ֘א֤וּךָ מַּ֨יִם ׀ אֱ‍ֽלֹהִ֗ים רָא֣וּךָ מַּ֣יִם יָחִ֑ילוּ אַ֝֗ף יִרְגְּז֥וּ תְהֹמֽוֹת", "text": "*rāʾûḵā* *mayim* *ʾĕlōhîm* *rāʾûḵā* *mayim* *yāḥîlû* also *yirggəzû* *ṯəhōmôṯ*", "grammar": { "*rāʾûḵā*": "3rd person plural qal perfect + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - they saw you", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with singular meaning - God", "*yāḥîlû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they writhe/tremble", "*yirggəzû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they quake/tremble", "*ṯəhōmôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - depths/deeps" }, "variants": { "*rāʾûḵā*": "they saw you/they perceived you", "*mayim*": "waters/seas", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*yāḥîlû*": "they trembled/they writhed/they were in anguish", "*yirggəzû*": "they quaked/they trembled/they were troubled", "*ṯəhōmôṯ*": "depths/deeps/abysses" } } 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.77.18", "source": "זֹ֤רְמוּ מַ֨יִם ׀ עָב֗וֹת ק֭וֹל נָתְנ֣וּ שְׁחָקִ֑ים אַף־חֲ֝צָצֶ֗יךָ יִתְהַלָּֽכוּ", "text": "*zōrəmû* *mayim* *ʿāḇôṯ* *qôl* *nāṯənû* *šəḥāqîm* also-*ḥăṣāṣeḵā* *yiṯhallāḵû*", "grammar": { "*zōrəmû*": "3rd person plural qal perfect - they poured down", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*ʿāḇôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - clouds/thick clouds", "*qôl*": "masculine singular noun - voice/sound", "*nāṯənû*": "3rd person plural qal perfect - they gave", "*šəḥāqîm*": "masculine plural noun - skies/clouds", "*ḥăṣāṣeḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your arrows", "*yiṯhallāḵû*": "3rd person plural hithpael imperfect - they walked about" }, "variants": { "*zōrəmû*": "they poured down/they streamed/they flooded", "*mayim*": "waters/seas", "*ʿāḇôṯ*": "thick clouds/dark clouds", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*nāṯənû*": "they gave/they uttered/they produced", "*šəḥāqîm*": "skies/clouds/heavens", "*ḥăṣāṣeḵā*": "your arrows/your lightning bolts", "*yiṯhallāḵû*": "they walked about/they went back and forth/they flashed" } }