Judges 9:45

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Judges.9.45", "source": "וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ נִלְחָ֣ם בָּעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ הָרָ֑ג וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ מֶֽלַח׃ פ", "text": "And-*waʾăḇîmeleḵ* *nilḥām* against-the-*ʿîr* all the-*yôm* the-that and-*wayyilkōḏ* *ʾet*-the-*ʿîr* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʿām* that-in-her *hārāḡ* and-*wayyittōṣ* *ʾet*-the-*ʿîr* and-*wayyizrāʿehā* *melaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*waʾăḇîmeleḵ*": "conjunction + proper name - and Abimelech", "*nilḥām*": "niphal perfect 3ms - he fought", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*yôm*": "masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*wayyilkōḏ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he captured", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*hārāḡ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he killed", "*wayyittōṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he tore down", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*wayyizrāʿehā*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms with 3fs suffix - and he sowed it", "*melaḥ*": "masculine singular - salt" }, "variants": { "*wayyizrāʿehā melaḥ*": "sowed it with salt (symbolic act of making land infertile/cursed)" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַאֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ נִלְחָ֣ם בָּעִ֗יר כֹּ֚ל הַיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וַיִּלְכֹּד֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וְאֶת־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖הּ הָרָ֑ג וַיִּתֹּץ֙ אֶת־הָעִ֔יר וַיִּזְרָעֶ֖הָ מֶֽלַח׃ פ

Transliteration

And-waʾăḇîmeleḵ nilḥām against-the-ʿîr all the-yôm the-that and-wayyilkōḏ ʾet-the-ʿîr and-ʾet-the-ʿām that-in-her hārāḡ and-wayyittōṣ ʾet-the-ʿîr and-wayyizrāʿehā melaḥ.

Grammar Details

• *waʾăḇîmeleḵ*: conjunction + proper name - and Abimelech
• *nilḥām*: niphal perfect 3ms - he fought
• *ʿîr*: feminine singular with definite article - the city
• *yôm*: masculine singular with definite article - the day
• *wayyilkōḏ*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he captured
• *ʿām*: masculine singular with definite article - the people
• *hārāḡ*: qal perfect 3ms - he killed
• *wayyittōṣ*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he tore down
• *wayyizrāʿehā*: waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms with 3fs suffix - and he sowed it
• *melaḥ*: masculine singular - salt

Word Meanings

• *wayyizrāʿehā melaḥ*: sowed it with salt (symbolic act of making land infertile/cursed)

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Abimelech fought against the city all that day, captured it, killed its inhabitants, tore it down, and sowed it with salt.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that was therein, and beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, killed the people who were in it, and tore down the city, and sowed it with salt.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that was therein, and beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Abimelech{H40} fought{H3898} against the city{H5892} all that day;{H3117} and he took{H3920} the city,{H5892} and slew{H2026} the people{H5971} that were therein: and he beat down{H5422} the city,{H5892} and sowed{H2232} it with salt.{H4417}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And Abimelech{H40} fought{H3898}{(H8738)} against the city{H5892} all that day{H3117}; and he took{H3920}{(H8799)} the city{H5892}, and slew{H2026}{(H8804)} the people{H5971} that was therein, and beat down{H5422}{(H8799)} the city{H5892}, and sowed{H2232}{(H8799)} it with salt{H4417}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The foughte Abimelech agaynst the cite all ye same daye, and wanne it, and slewe the people that was there in, and brake downe ye cite, and sowed salt theron.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And when Abimelech had fought against the citie all that day, he tooke the citie, and slewe the people that was therein, and destroyed the citie and sowed salt in it.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And when Abimelech had fought against the citie al that day, he toke it, and slue the people that was therin, and destroyed the citie, and sowed salte in it.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that [was] therein, and beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and killed the people who were therein: and he beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and Abimelech hath fought against the city all that day, and captureth the city, and the people who `are' in it he hath slain, and he breaketh down the city, and soweth it `with' salt.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that were therein: and he beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that were therein: and he beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And all that day Abimelech was fighting against the town; and he took it, and put to death the people who were in it, and had the town pulled down and covered with salt.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and killed the people who were therein: and he beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Abimelech fought against the city all that day. He captured the city and killed all the people in it. Then he leveled the city and spread salt over it.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Kgs 3:25 : 25 { "verseID": "2Kings.3.25", "source": "וְהֶעָרִ֣ים יַהֲרֹ֡סוּ וְכָל־חֶלְקָ֣ה ט֠וֹבָה יַשְׁלִ֨יכוּ אִישׁ־אַבְנ֜וֹ וּמִלְא֗וּהָ וְכָל־מַעְיַן־מַ֤יִם יִסְתֹּ֙מוּ֙ וְכָל־עֵֽץ־ט֣וֹב יַפִּ֔ילוּ עַד־הִשְׁאִ֧יר אֲבָנֶ֛יהָ בַּקִּ֖יר חֲרָ֑שֶׂת וַיָּסֹ֥בּוּ הַקַּלָּעִ֖ים וַיַּכּֽוּהָ׃", "text": "And-the-cities *yahărōsû* and-every-*ḥelqāh ṭôbāh* *yašlîkû* each-man-his-stone and-*milʾûhā*, and-every-spring-of-water *yistōmû* and-every-*ʿēṣ-ṭôb* *yappîlû* until-leaving its-stones in-*qîr Ḥărāśet*; *wa-yāsōbbû ha-qallāʿîm* *wa-yakkûhā*.", "grammar": { "*wĕ-he-ʿārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine plural noun - and the cities", "*yahărōsû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they tore down", "*ḥelqāh*": "feminine singular construct - portion/plot of", "*ṭôbāh*": "feminine singular adjective - good", "*yašlîkû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they cast", "*ʾîš-ʾabnô*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - each man his stone", "*milʾûhā*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - they filled it", "*maʿyan-mayim*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun - spring of water", "*yistōmû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they stopped up", "*ʿēṣ-ṭôb*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular adjective - good tree", "*yappîlû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they felled", "*ʿad-hišʾîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - until leaving", "*ʾăbāneyhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its stones", "*ba-qîr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in the wall", "*Ḥărāśet*": "proper name - Kir Hareseth", "*wa-yāsōbbû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they surrounded", "*ha-qallāʿîm*": "definite article + masculine plural participle - the slingers", "*wa-yakkûhā*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they struck it" }, "variants": { "*yahărōsû*": "tore down/demolished/destroyed", "*ḥelqāh ṭôbāh*": "good field/fertile plot", "*yašlîkû*": "cast/threw/hurled", "*milʾûhā*": "filled it/covered it", "*yistōmû*": "stopped up/blocked/filled in", "*yappîlû*": "felled/cut down", "*wa-yāsōbbû*": "surrounded/encircled", "*ha-qallāʿîm*": "the slingers/stone throwers" } }
• Deut 29:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.23", "source": "וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֔ם עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה כָּ֖כָה לָאָ֣רֶץ הַזֹּ֑את מֶ֥ה חֳרִ֛י הָאַ֥ף הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*ʾāmᵉrû* all-the-*gôyim*: For-what *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* thus to-the-*ʾāreṣ* the-*zōʾt*? What *ḥŏrî* the-*ʾap̄* the-*gādôl* the-*zeh*?", "grammar": { "*ʾāmᵉrû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural consecutive - and they will say", "*gôyim*": "noun masculine plural - nations", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he did", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective feminine singular - this", "*ḥŏrî*": "noun masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾap̄*": "noun masculine singular - nose/anger", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*ʿāśāh*": "did/made/accomplished", "*ḥŏrî*": "burning/heat/fierceness", "*ʾap̄*": "anger/nose/wrath" } }
• 1 Kgs 12:25 : 25 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.25", "source": "וַיִּ֨בֶן יָרָבְעָ֧ם אֶת־שְׁכֶ֛ם בְּהַ֥ר אֶפְרָיִם‪[t]‬ וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב בָּ֑הּ וַיֵּצֵ֣א מִשָּׁ֔ם וַיִּ֖בֶן אֶת־פְּנוּאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayyiben* *yārābĕʿām* *ʾet*-*šĕkem* in *har* *ʾeprayim* and *wayyēšeb* in it; and *wayyēṣēʾ* from there and *wayyiben* *ʾet*-*pĕnûʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiben*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he built", "*yārābĕʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šĕkem*": "proper name - Shechem", "*har*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the mountain/hill", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper name - Ephraim", "*wayyēšeb*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he dwelt", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out", "*pĕnûʾēl*": "proper name - Penuel" }, "variants": { "*wayyiben*": "and he built/constructed/fortified", "*har*": "the mountain/hill/hill country", "*wayyēšeb*": "and he dwelt/lived/resided", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "and he went out/left/departed" } }
• Ps 107:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Psalms.107.34", "source": "אֶ֣רֶץ פְּ֭רִי לִמְלֵחָ֑ה מֵ֝רָעַ֗ת יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ", "text": "*ʾereṣ* *pᵊrî* to-*mᵊlēḥâ* from-*rāʿat* *yōšᵊbê* in-her", "grammar": { "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*pᵊrî*": "noun, masculine singular - fruit/fruitfulness", "*mᵊlēḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to saltiness/salt marsh", "*rāʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct with prefixed preposition min - from evil/wickedness of", "*yōšᵊbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of" }, "variants": { "*ʾereṣ*": "land of/country of", "*pᵊrî*": "fruit/fruitfulness/fertility", "*mᵊlēḥâ*": "saltiness/salt marsh/barren land", "*rāʿat*": "evil/wickedness/wrongdoing", "*yōšᵊbê*": "dwellers of/inhabitants of/those who live in" } }
• Ezek 47:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.47.11", "source": "בִּצֹּאתָ֧יו וּגְבָאָ֛יו וְלֹ֥א יֵרָפְא֖וּ לְמֶ֥לַח נִתָּֽנוּ", "text": "In-*biṣṣōʾtāyw* and-*gəbāʾāyw* and-not *yērāpəʾû* to-*melaḥ* *nittānû*", "grammar": { "*biṣṣōʾtāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its swamps/marshes", "*gəbāʾāyw*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its pools/puddles", "*yērāpəʾû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will be healed", "*melaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - salt", "*nittānû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they are given" }, "variants": { "*biṣṣōʾtāyw*": "its swamps/its marshes/its muddy places", "*gəbāʾāyw*": "its pools/its puddles/its stagnant waters", "*yērāpəʾû*": "they will be healed/they will be made fresh", "*melaḥ*": "salt/saltiness", "*nittānû*": "they are given/they are assigned/they are consigned" } }
• Zeph 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.2.9", "source": "לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃", "text": "Therefore *ḥay-ʾānî nəʾum YHWH ṣəḇāʾôth ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl kî-môʾāḇ kisdōm tihyeh ûḇənê ʿammôn kaʿămōrâ mimšaq ḥārûl ûmiḵrē-melaḥ ûšəmāmâ ʿad-ʿôlām šəʾērîth ʿammî yəḇāzzûm wəyeter gôyî yinḥālûm*", "grammar": { "*ḥay-ʾānî*": "adjective + 1st person singular independent pronoun - as I live", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "noun, masculine plural - of hosts", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî-môʾāḇ*": "conjunction + proper noun - that Moab", "*kisdōm*": "preposition + proper noun - like Sodom", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be", "*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*kaʿămōrâ*": "preposition + proper noun - like Gomorrah", "*mimšaq*": "noun, masculine singular - possession of", "*ḥārûl*": "noun, masculine singular - nettles", "*ûmiḵrē-melaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - and pit of salt", "*ûšəmāmâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and desolation", "*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - forever", "*šəʾērîth*": "noun, feminine singular construct - remnant of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*yəḇāzzûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will plunder them", "*wəyeter*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and remainder of", "*gôyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my nation", "*yinḥālûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will inherit them" }, "variants": { "*ḥay-ʾānî*": "as I live/by my life", "*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "of hosts/of armies", "*mimšaq*": "possession/breeding place", "*ḥārûl*": "nettles/weeds/thorns", "*miḵrē-melaḥ*": "pit of salt/salt mine", "*šəmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*yəḇāzzûm*": "plunder them/spoil them/take as prey", "*yinḥālûm*": "inherit them/possess them/take as possession" } }
• Jas 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "James.2.13", "source": "Ἡ γὰρ κρίσις ἀνίλεως, τῷ μὴ ποιήσαντι ἔλεος· καὶ κατακαυχᾶται ἔλεος κρίσεως.", "text": "The *gar krisis anileōs*, to the one not *poiēsanti eleos*; and *katakaychatai eleos kriseōs*.", "grammar": { "Ἡ *krisis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the judgment", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*anileōs*": "nominative, neuter, singular, adjective - without mercy", "τῷ μὴ *poiēsanti*": "dative, masculine, singular, aorist active participle - to the one not having shown", "*eleos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - mercy", "*katakaychatai*": "present, middle, indicative, 3rd person singular - triumphs over/boasts against", "*eleos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - mercy", "*kriseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of judgment" }, "variants": { "*krisis*": "judgment/verdict/decision", "*anileōs*": "without mercy/merciless", "*poiēsanti eleos*": "having shown mercy/having acted mercifully", "*katakaychatai*": "triumphs over/boasts against/rejoices against", "*eleos*": "mercy/compassion", "*kriseōs*": "judgment/verdict/decision" } }