9{
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.9",
"source": "טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ ס",
"text": "Her *ṭumʾāṯāh* in her *šûleyhā*, *lōʾ* *zāḵərāh* her *ʾaḥărîṯāh*, *wa*-*tēreḏ* *pəlāʾîm*; *ʾên* *mənaḥēm* to her; *rəʾēh* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-my *ʿānəyî*, *kî* *hiḡdîl* *ʾôyēḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her uncleanness",
"*bəšûleyhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her skirts",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*zāḵərāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she remembered",
"*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her end/future",
"*wa*": "conjunction - and",
"*tēreḏ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she came down",
"*pəlāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wonders/astonishingly",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her",
"*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿānəyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my affliction",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*hiḡdîl*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he magnified himself",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "her uncleanness/her impurity/her filthiness",
"*šûleyhā*": "her skirts/her hems/her garment edges",
"*zāḵərāh*": "she remembered/she considered",
"*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "her end/her future/her outcome",
"*tēreḏ pəlāʾîm*": "came down wonderfully/fell astonishingly/descended incredibly",
"*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler",
"*rəʾēh*": "see/look/behold",
"*ʿānəyî*": "my affliction/my suffering/my misery",
"*hiḡdîl*": "magnified himself/acted proudly/boasted",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.10",
"source": "יָדוֹ֙ פָּ֣רַשׂ צָ֔ר עַ֖ל כָּל־מַחֲמַדֶּ֑יהָ כִּֽי־רָאֲתָ֤ה גוֹיִם֙ בָּ֣אוּ מִקְדָּשָׁ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֔יתָה לֹא־יָבֹ֥אוּ בַקָּהָ֖ל לָֽךְ׃ ס",
"text": "His *yāḏô* *pāraś* *ṣār* upon all-her *maḥămaddeyhā*; *kî*-*rāʾăṯāh* *gôyim* *bāʾû* her *miqdāšāh*, *ʾăšer* *ṣiwwîṯāh* *lōʾ*-*yāḇōʾû* in the *qāhāl* to you.",
"grammar": {
"*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*pāraś*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spread out",
"*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*maḥămaddeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her precious things",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*rāʾăṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she saw",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they entered",
"*miqdāšāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sanctuary",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/which",
"*ṣiwwîṯāh*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you commanded",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they shall enter",
"*baqqāhāl*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the assembly",
"*lāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you"
},
"variants": {
"*pāraś*": "spread out/stretched out/extended",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe",
"*maḥămaddeyhā*": "her precious things/her desirable things/her treasures",
"*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples",
"*miqdāšāh*": "her sanctuary/her holy place/her temple",
"*ṣiwwîṯāh*": "you commanded/you ordered/you decreed",
"*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/community"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.11",
"source": "כָּל־עַמָּ֤הּ נֶאֱנָחִים֙ מְבַקְשִׁ֣ים לֶ֔חֶם נָתְנ֧וּ מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶ֛ם בְּאֹ֖כֶל לְהָשִׁ֣יב נָ֑פֶשׁ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטָה כִּ֥י הָיִ֖יתִי זוֹלֵלָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "All-her *ʿammāh* *neʾĕnāḥîm* *məḇaqšîm* *leḥem*; they gave their *maḥămaddêhem* for *ʾōḵel* to *hāšîḇ* *nāp̄eš*; *rəʾēh* *YHWH* *wə*-*habbîṭāh* *kî* *hāyîṯî* *zôlēlāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*ʿammāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her people",
"*neʾĕnāḥîm*": "nifal participle, masculine plural - groaning",
"*məḇaqšîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - seeking",
"*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food",
"*nāṯənû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they gave",
"*maḥămaddêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their precious things",
"*bəʾōḵel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for food",
"*ləhāšîḇ*": "preposition + hifil infinitive construct - to restore",
"*nāp̄eš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul/life",
"*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*habbîṭāh*": "hifil imperative, masculine singular with paragogic he - look",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*hāyîṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have become",
"*zôlēlāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - worthless/glutton"
},
"variants": {
"*neʾĕnāḥîm*": "groaning/sighing/moaning",
"*məḇaqšîm*": "seeking/searching for/looking for",
"*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance",
"*maḥămaddêhem*": "their precious things/their treasures/their valuable possessions",
"*ʾōḵel*": "food/nourishment",
"*ləhāšîḇ nāp̄eš*": "to restore life/to revive/to sustain themselves",
"*habbîṭāh*": "look/observe/consider",
"*zôlēlāh*": "worthless/despised/glutton/contemptible"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.12",
"source": "ל֣וֹא אֲלֵיכֶם֮ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶרֶךְ֒ הַבִּ֣יטוּ וּרְא֔וּ אִם־יֵ֤שׁ מַכְאוֹב֙ כְּמַכְאֹבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹלַ֖ל לִ֑י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹגָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס",
"text": "*lôʾ* to you all-*ʿōḇərê* *dereḵ*, *habbîṭû* *û*-*rəʾû* if-*yēš* *maḵʾôḇ* like my *maḵʾōḇî* *ʾăšer* *ʿôlal* to me, *ʾăšer* *hôḡāh* *YHWH* in *yôm* *ḥărôn* his *ʾappô*.",
"grammar": {
"*lôʾ*": "negative particle/exclamation - Is it nothing",
"*ʾălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*ʿōḇərê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those passing by",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - way",
"*habbîṭû*": "hifil imperative, masculine plural - look",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*rəʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - see",
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is",
"*maḵʾôḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - pain",
"*kəmaḵʾōḇî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - like my pain",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*ʿôlal*": "polal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was done",
"*lî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me",
"*hôḡāh*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he afflicted",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of",
"*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning of",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger"
},
"variants": {
"*lôʾ ʾălêḵem*": "Is it nothing to you?/Does it not concern you?",
"*ʿōḇərê dereḵ*": "passersby/travelers/those who pass along the way",
"*habbîṭû*": "look/observe/consider",
"*maḵʾôḇ*": "pain/sorrow/suffering",
"*ʿôlal*": "was done/was inflicted/was brought",
"*hôḡāh*": "afflicted/made sorrowful/punished",
"*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "his fierce anger/his burning wrath/his intense fury"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.13",
"source": "מִמָּר֛וֹם שָֽׁלַח־אֵ֥שׁ בְּעַצְמֹתַ֖י וַיִּרְדֶּ֑נָּה פָּרַ֨שׂ רֶ֤שֶׁת לְרַגְלַי֙ הֱשִׁיבַ֣נִי אָח֔וֹר נְתָנַ֙נִי֙ שֹֽׁמֵמָ֔ה כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם דָּוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "From *mārôm* he *šālaḥ*-*ʾēš* in my *ʿaṣmōṯay* *wa*-*yirdennāh*; he *pāraś* *rešeṯ* for my *raḡlay*, *hĕšîḇanî* *ʾāḥôr*; he *nəṯānanî* *šōmēmāh*, all-the *yôm* *dāwāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*mimmārôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from height",
"*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sent",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire",
"*bəʿaṣmōṯay*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural with 1st singular suffix - in my bones",
"*wa*": "conjunction - and",
"*yirdennāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - he subdued it",
"*pāraś*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spread",
"*rešeṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - net",
"*ləraḡlay*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual with 1st singular suffix - for my feet",
"*hĕšîḇanî*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - he turned me back",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward",
"*nəṯānanî*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - he made me",
"*šōmēmāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - desolate",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*hayyôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the day",
"*dāwāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - faint"
},
"variants": {
"*mārôm*": "height/above/heaven",
"*šālaḥ-ʾēš*": "sent fire/cast fire",
"*ʿaṣmōṯay*": "my bones/my skeleton",
"*yirdennāh*": "subdued it/overpowered it/made it prevail",
"*pāraś rešeṯ*": "spread a net/laid a snare",
"*raḡlay*": "my feet/my legs",
"*hĕšîḇanî ʾāḥôr*": "turned me back/made me retreat",
"*nəṯānanî šōmēmāh*": "made me desolate/rendered me devastated",
"*dāwāh*": "faint/sick/ill"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.14",
"source": "נִשְׂקַד֩ עֹ֨ל פְּשָׁעַ֜י בְּיָד֗וֹ יִשְׂתָּֽרְג֛וּ עָל֥וּ עַל־צַוָּארִ֖י הִכְשִׁ֣יל כֹּחִ֑י נְתָנַ֣נִי אֲדֹנָ֔י בִּידֵ֖י לֹא־אוּכַ֥ל קֽוּם׃ ס",
"text": "*niśqaḏ* *ʿōl* my *pəšāʿay* by his *yāḏô*, *yiśtārəḡû* *ʿālû* upon-my *ṣawwārî*, *hiḵšîl* my *kōḥî*; *nəṯānanî* *ʾăḏōnāy* into *yəḏê* *lōʾ*-*ʾûḵal* *qûm*.",
"grammar": {
"*niśqaḏ*": "nifal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it was bound",
"*ʿōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - yoke of",
"*pəšāʿay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my transgressions",
"*bəyāḏô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - by his hand",
"*yiśtārəḡû*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd plural - they intertwine themselves",
"*ʿālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they went up",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*ṣawwārî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my neck",
"*hiḵšîl*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made to stumble",
"*kōḥî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my strength",
"*nəṯānanî*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - he gave me",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my Lord",
"*bîḏê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - into hands of",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ʾûḵal*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I am able",
"*qûm*": "qal infinitive construct - to rise"
},
"variants": {
"*niśqaḏ*": "was bound/was fastened/was tied",
"*ʿōl*": "yoke/burden",
"*pəšāʿay*": "my transgressions/my rebellions/my sins",
"*yiśtārəḡû*": "intertwine themselves/entwine/are woven together",
"*ʿālû*": "went up/mounted/ascended",
"*ṣawwārî*": "my neck",
"*hiḵšîl*": "made to stumble/weakened/caused to fail",
"*kōḥî*": "my strength/my power",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/my Lord/the Lord",
"*lōʾ-ʾûḵal qûm*": "I cannot rise/I am unable to stand"
}
}