5 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.5",
"source": "הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ ס",
"text": "*hāyû* her *ṣāreyhā* to *rōʾš*, her *ʾōyəḇeyhā* *šālû*, *kî*-*YHWH* *hôḡāh* upon *rōḇ*-her *pəšāʿeyhā*; her *ʿôlāleyhā* *hāləḵû* *šəḇî* before-*ṣār*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became",
"*ṣāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her adversaries",
"*lərōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to head/chief",
"*ʾōyəḇeyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her enemies",
"*šālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they prosper",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*hôḡāh*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - he afflicted her",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - because of",
"*rōḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - abundance/multitude of",
"*pəšāʿeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her transgressions",
"*ʿôlāleyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her children",
"*hāləḵû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they went",
"*šəḇî*": "noun, masculine singular - captivity",
"*lip̄nê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before",
"*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāreyhā*": "her adversaries/her oppressors/her foes",
"*rōʾš*": "head/chief/leader",
"*ʾōyəḇeyhā*": "her enemies/her foes",
"*šālû*": "prosper/are at ease/succeed",
"*hôḡāh*": "afflicted her/caused her grief/punished her",
"*rōḇ*": "abundance/multitude/greatness",
"*pəšāʿeyhā*": "her transgressions/her rebellions/her sins",
"*ʿôlāleyhā*": "her children/her infants/her little ones",
"*šəḇî*": "captivity/exile",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.6",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מִבַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כָּל־הֲדָרָ֑הּ הָי֣וּ שָׂרֶ֗יהָ כְּאַיָּלִים֙ לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מִרְעֶ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְלֹא־כֹ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י רוֹדֵֽף׃ ס",
"text": "*wa*-*yēṣēʾ* from *baṯ*-*ṣîôn* all-her *hăḏārāh*; *hāyû* her *śāreyhā* like *ʾayyālîm* *lōʾ*-*māṣəʾû* *mirʿeh*, *wa*-*yēləḵû* without-*ḵōaḥ* before *rôḏēp̄*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa*": "conjunction - and",
"*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it goes out",
"*mibbaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from daughter of",
"*ṣîôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*hăḏārāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her splendor",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became",
"*śāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her princes",
"*kəʾayyālîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - like deer/stags",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*māṣəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they found",
"*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture",
"*yēləḵû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they go",
"*ḇəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - without",
"*ḵōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - strength",
"*lip̄nê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before",
"*rôḏēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - pursuer"
},
"variants": {
"*yēṣēʾ*": "goes out/departs/is gone",
"*baṯ-ṣîôn*": "daughter of Zion/Jerusalem",
"*hăḏārāh*": "her splendor/her glory/her beauty",
"*śāreyhā*": "her princes/her officials/her leaders",
"*ʾayyālîm*": "deer/stags/harts",
"*māṣəʾû*": "they found/they discovered",
"*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land/food",
"*yēləḵû*": "they go/they walk/they proceed",
"*ḵōaḥ*": "strength/power/might",
"*rôḏēp̄*": "pursuer/hunter/one who chases"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.7",
"source": "זָֽכְרָ֣ה יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְמֵ֤י עָנְיָהּ֙ וּמְרוּדֶ֔יהָ כֹּ֚ל מַחֲמֻדֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הָי֖וּ מִ֣ימֵי קֶ֑דֶם בִּנְפֹ֧ל עַמָּ֣הּ בְּיַד־צָ֗ר וְאֵ֤ין עוֹזֵר֙ לָ֔הּ רָא֣וּהָ צָרִ֔ים שָׂחֲק֖וּ עַ֥ל מִשְׁבַּתֶּֽהָ׃ ס",
"text": "*zāḵərāh* *yərûšālaim* *yəmê* her *ʿānəyāh* *û*-her *mərûḏeyhā*, all her *maḥămuddeyhā* which *hāyû* from *yəmê* *qeḏem*; when *binp̄ōl* her *ʿammāh* in *yaḏ*-*ṣār* *wə*-*ʾên* *ʿôzēr* to her; *rāʾûhā* *ṣārîm*, *śāḥăqû* upon her *mišbatteyhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*zāḵərāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she remembered",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of",
"*ʿānəyāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her affliction",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mərûḏeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her homelessness",
"*kōl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*maḥămuddeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her precious things",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were",
"*mîmê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from days of",
"*qeḏem*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient times/old",
"*binp̄ōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - when falling",
"*ʿammāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her people",
"*bəyaḏ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in hand of",
"*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*ʿôzēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - helper",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her",
"*rāʾûhā*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they saw her",
"*ṣārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - adversaries",
"*śāḥăqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they laughed",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*mišbatteyhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her cessations/downfall"
},
"variants": {
"*zāḵərāh*": "she remembered/she recalled",
"*yəmê*": "days of/times of",
"*ʿānəyāh*": "her affliction/her misery/her suffering",
"*mərûḏeyhā*": "her homelessness/her wanderings/her distress",
"*maḥămuddeyhā*": "her precious things/her desirable things/her treasures",
"*qeḏem*": "ancient times/old/formerly",
"*binp̄ōl*": "when falling/when collapsing/at the downfall of",
"*ʿammāh*": "her people/her nation",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe",
"*ʿôzēr*": "helper/one who aids",
"*rāʾûhā*": "they saw her/they beheld her",
"*ṣārîm*": "adversaries/enemies/foes",
"*śāḥăqû*": "they laughed/they mocked/they derided",
"*mišbatteyhā*": "her cessations/her downfall/her destruction/her ruin"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.8",
"source": "חֵ֤טְא חָֽטְאָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֖ן לְנִידָ֣ה הָיָ֑תָה כָּֽל־מְכַבְּדֶ֤יהָ הִזִּיל֙וּהָ֙ כִּי־רָא֣וּ עֶרְוָתָ֔הּ גַּם־הִ֥יא נֶאֶנְחָ֖ה וַתָּ֥שָׁב אָחֽוֹר׃ ס",
"text": "*ḥēṭə* *ḥāṭəʾāh* *yərûšālaim*, upon-*kēn* to *nîḏāh* *hāyāṯāh*; all-her *məḵabbəḏeyhā* *hizzîlûhā* *kî*-*rāʾû* her *ʿerwāṯāh*; *gam*-*hîʾ* *neʾenḥāh* *wa*-*tāšāḇ* *ʾāḥôr*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥēṭə*": "noun, masculine singular - sin",
"*ḥāṭəʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she sinned",
"*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/because of",
"*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*lənîḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to impurity/abhorrence",
"*hāyāṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she became",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*məḵabbəḏeyhā*": "piel participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her honorers",
"*hizzîlûhā*": "hifil perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they despised her",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*rāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they saw",
"*ʿerwāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness",
"*gam*": "particle - also/even",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she",
"*neʾenḥāh*": "nifal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she groaned",
"*wa*": "conjunction - and",
"*tāšāḇ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she turns back",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥēṭə ḥāṭəʾāh*": "greatly sinned/committed grave sin",
"*nîḏāh*": "impurity/filth/abhorrence/menstrual impurity",
"*məḵabbəḏeyhā*": "her honorers/those who honored her/those who respected her",
"*hizzîlûhā*": "they despised her/they held her in contempt/they degraded her",
"*ʿerwāṯāh*": "her nakedness/her shame/her private parts",
"*neʾenḥāh*": "she groaned/she sighed/she moaned",
"*tāšāḇ ʾāḥôr*": "turns backward/retreats/withdraws"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.9",
"source": "טֻמְאָתָ֣הּ בְּשׁוּלֶ֗יהָ לֹ֤א זָֽכְרָה֙ אַחֲרִיתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֣רֶד פְּלָאִ֔ים אֵ֥ין מְנַחֵ֖ם לָ֑הּ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־עָנְיִ֔י כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל אוֹיֵֽב׃ ס",
"text": "Her *ṭumʾāṯāh* in her *šûleyhā*, *lōʾ* *zāḵərāh* her *ʾaḥărîṯāh*, *wa*-*tēreḏ* *pəlāʾîm*; *ʾên* *mənaḥēm* to her; *rəʾēh* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-my *ʿānəyî*, *kî* *hiḡdîl* *ʾôyēḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her uncleanness",
"*bəšûleyhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her skirts",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*zāḵərāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she remembered",
"*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her end/future",
"*wa*": "conjunction - and",
"*tēreḏ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she came down",
"*pəlāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wonders/astonishingly",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no",
"*mənaḥēm*": "piel participle, masculine singular - comforter",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her",
"*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿānəyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my affliction",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*hiḡdîl*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he magnified himself",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭumʾāṯāh*": "her uncleanness/her impurity/her filthiness",
"*šûleyhā*": "her skirts/her hems/her garment edges",
"*zāḵərāh*": "she remembered/she considered",
"*ʾaḥărîṯāh*": "her end/her future/her outcome",
"*tēreḏ pəlāʾîm*": "came down wonderfully/fell astonishingly/descended incredibly",
"*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler",
"*rəʾēh*": "see/look/behold",
"*ʿānəyî*": "my affliction/my suffering/my misery",
"*hiḡdîl*": "magnified himself/acted proudly/boasted",
"*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.10",
"source": "יָדוֹ֙ פָּ֣רַשׂ צָ֔ר עַ֖ל כָּל־מַחֲמַדֶּ֑יהָ כִּֽי־רָאֲתָ֤ה גוֹיִם֙ בָּ֣אוּ מִקְדָּשָׁ֔הּ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּ֔יתָה לֹא־יָבֹ֥אוּ בַקָּהָ֖ל לָֽךְ׃ ס",
"text": "His *yāḏô* *pāraś* *ṣār* upon all-her *maḥămaddeyhā*; *kî*-*rāʾăṯāh* *gôyim* *bāʾû* her *miqdāšāh*, *ʾăšer* *ṣiwwîṯāh* *lōʾ*-*yāḇōʾû* in the *qāhāl* to you.",
"grammar": {
"*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*pāraś*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he spread out",
"*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*maḥămaddeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her precious things",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*rāʾăṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she saw",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they entered",
"*miqdāšāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sanctuary",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/which",
"*ṣiwwîṯāh*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you commanded",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they shall enter",
"*baqqāhāl*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the assembly",
"*lāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you"
},
"variants": {
"*pāraś*": "spread out/stretched out/extended",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe",
"*maḥămaddeyhā*": "her precious things/her desirable things/her treasures",
"*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples",
"*miqdāšāh*": "her sanctuary/her holy place/her temple",
"*ṣiwwîṯāh*": "you commanded/you ordered/you decreed",
"*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/community"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.11",
"source": "כָּל־עַמָּ֤הּ נֶאֱנָחִים֙ מְבַקְשִׁ֣ים לֶ֔חֶם נָתְנ֧וּ מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶ֛ם בְּאֹ֖כֶל לְהָשִׁ֣יב נָ֑פֶשׁ רְאֵ֤ה יְהוָה֙ וְֽהַבִּ֔יטָה כִּ֥י הָיִ֖יתִי זוֹלֵלָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "All-her *ʿammāh* *neʾĕnāḥîm* *məḇaqšîm* *leḥem*; they gave their *maḥămaddêhem* for *ʾōḵel* to *hāšîḇ* *nāp̄eš*; *rəʾēh* *YHWH* *wə*-*habbîṭāh* *kî* *hāyîṯî* *zôlēlāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*ʿammāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her people",
"*neʾĕnāḥîm*": "nifal participle, masculine plural - groaning",
"*məḇaqšîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - seeking",
"*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food",
"*nāṯənû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they gave",
"*maḥămaddêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their precious things",
"*bəʾōḵel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for food",
"*ləhāšîḇ*": "preposition + hifil infinitive construct - to restore",
"*nāp̄eš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul/life",
"*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*habbîṭāh*": "hifil imperative, masculine singular with paragogic he - look",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*hāyîṯî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have become",
"*zôlēlāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - worthless/glutton"
},
"variants": {
"*neʾĕnāḥîm*": "groaning/sighing/moaning",
"*məḇaqšîm*": "seeking/searching for/looking for",
"*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance",
"*maḥămaddêhem*": "their precious things/their treasures/their valuable possessions",
"*ʾōḵel*": "food/nourishment",
"*ləhāšîḇ nāp̄eš*": "to restore life/to revive/to sustain themselves",
"*habbîṭāh*": "look/observe/consider",
"*zôlēlāh*": "worthless/despised/glutton/contemptible"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.12",
"source": "ל֣וֹא אֲלֵיכֶם֮ כָּל־עֹ֣בְרֵי דֶרֶךְ֒ הַבִּ֣יטוּ וּרְא֔וּ אִם־יֵ֤שׁ מַכְאוֹב֙ כְּמַכְאֹבִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֥ר עוֹלַ֖ל לִ֑י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹגָ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה בְּי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃ ס",
"text": "*lôʾ* to you all-*ʿōḇərê* *dereḵ*, *habbîṭû* *û*-*rəʾû* if-*yēš* *maḵʾôḇ* like my *maḵʾōḇî* *ʾăšer* *ʿôlal* to me, *ʾăšer* *hôḡāh* *YHWH* in *yôm* *ḥărôn* his *ʾappô*.",
"grammar": {
"*lôʾ*": "negative particle/exclamation - Is it nothing",
"*ʾălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*ʿōḇərê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those passing by",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - way",
"*habbîṭû*": "hifil imperative, masculine plural - look",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*rəʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - see",
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if",
"*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is",
"*maḵʾôḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - pain",
"*kəmaḵʾōḇî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - like my pain",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*ʿôlal*": "polal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was done",
"*lî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - to me",
"*hôḡāh*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he afflicted",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of",
"*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning of",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger"
},
"variants": {
"*lôʾ ʾălêḵem*": "Is it nothing to you?/Does it not concern you?",
"*ʿōḇərê dereḵ*": "passersby/travelers/those who pass along the way",
"*habbîṭû*": "look/observe/consider",
"*maḵʾôḇ*": "pain/sorrow/suffering",
"*ʿôlal*": "was done/was inflicted/was brought",
"*hôḡāh*": "afflicted/made sorrowful/punished",
"*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "his fierce anger/his burning wrath/his intense fury"
}
}