3 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.3",
"source": "גָּֽלְתָ֨ה יְהוּדָ֤ה מֵעֹ֙נִי֙ וּמֵרֹ֣ב עֲבֹדָ֔ה הִ֚יא יָשְׁבָ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם לֹ֥א מָצְאָ֖ה מָנ֑וֹחַ כָּל־רֹדְפֶ֥יהָ הִשִּׂיג֖וּהָ בֵּ֥ין הַמְּצָרִֽים׃ ס",
"text": "*gāləṯāh* *yəhûḏāh* from *ʿōnî* *û*-from *rōḇ* *ʿăḇōḏāh*; *hîʾ* *yāšəḇāh* among the *gôyim*, *lōʾ* *māṣəʾāh* *mānôaḥ*; all-her *rōḏp̄eyhā* *hiśśîḡûhā* between the *məṣārîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*gāləṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she went into exile",
"*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*mēʿōnî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from affliction",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mērōḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from abundance of",
"*ʿăḇōḏāh*": "noun, feminine singular - labor/servitude",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she",
"*yāšəḇāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she dwells",
"*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine plural - among the nations",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*māṣəʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she found",
"*mānôaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - rest/resting place",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*rōḏp̄eyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her pursuers",
"*hiśśîḡûhā*": "hifil perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - they overtook her",
"*bên*": "preposition - between",
"*hamməṣārîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the narrow places/straits"
},
"variants": {
"*gāləṯāh*": "went into exile/departed/was deported",
"*yəhûḏāh*": "Judah/the people of Judah",
"*ʿōnî*": "affliction/misery/poverty",
"*rōḇ*": "abundance/greatness/multitude",
"*ʿăḇōḏāh*": "labor/service/servitude/slavery",
"*yāšəḇāh*": "dwells/sits/resides/remains",
"*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*mānôaḥ*": "rest/resting place/place of repose",
"*rōḏp̄eyhā*": "her pursuers/those who chase her/her persecutors",
"*hiśśîḡûhā*": "they overtook her/they caught up with her/they reached her",
"*məṣārîm*": "narrow places/straits/distress/confined spaces"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.4",
"source": "דַּרְכֵ֨י צִיּ֜וֹן אֲבֵל֗וֹת מִבְּלִי֙ בָּאֵ֣י מוֹעֵ֔ד כָּל־שְׁעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ שֽׁוֹמֵמִ֔ין כֹּהֲנֶ֖יהָ נֶאֱנָחִ֑ים בְּתוּלֹתֶ֥יהָ נּוּג֖וֹת וְהִ֥יא מַר־לָֽהּ׃ ס",
"text": "The *darḵê* *ṣîôn* *ʾăḇēlôṯ* without *bāʾê* *môʿēḏ*; all-her *šəʿāreyhā* *šômēmîn*; her *kōhăneyhā* *neʾĕnāḥîm*; her *bəṯûlōṯeyhā* *nûḡôṯ*, *wə*-*hîʾ* *mar*-to her.",
"grammar": {
"*darḵê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - roads/ways of",
"*ṣîôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*ʾăḇēlôṯ*": "qal participle, feminine plural - mourning",
"*mibblî*": "preposition + noun - without/from lack of",
"*bāʾê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those coming to",
"*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time/festival",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*šəʿāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her gates",
"*šômēmîn*": "qal participle, masculine plural - desolate",
"*kōhăneyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her priests",
"*neʾĕnāḥîm*": "nifal participle, masculine plural - groaning",
"*bəṯûlōṯeyhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her virgins",
"*nûḡôṯ*": "nifal participle, feminine plural - grieving",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she",
"*mar*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter",
"*lāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her"
},
"variants": {
"*darḵê*": "roads/ways/paths",
"*ṣîôn*": "Zion/Jerusalem",
"*ʾăḇēlôṯ*": "mourning/lamenting/in grief",
"*bāʾê môʿēḏ*": "festival-goers/pilgrims/those coming to the appointed feasts",
"*šəʿāreyhā*": "her gates/her entryways",
"*šômēmîn*": "desolate/deserted/ruined",
"*kōhăneyhā*": "her priests/her temple servants",
"*neʾĕnāḥîm*": "groaning/sighing/mourning",
"*bəṯûlōṯeyhā*": "her virgins/her young women",
"*nûḡôṯ*": "grieving/mourning/afflicted",
"*mar*": "bitter/bitterness/grief"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.5",
"source": "הָי֨וּ צָרֶ֤יהָ לְרֹאשׁ֙ אֹיְבֶ֣יהָ שָׁל֔וּ כִּֽי־יְהוָ֥ה הוֹגָ֖הּ עַ֣ל רֹב־פְּשָׁעֶ֑יהָ עוֹלָלֶ֛יהָ הָלְכ֥וּ שְׁבִ֖י לִפְנֵי־צָֽר׃ ס",
"text": "*hāyû* her *ṣāreyhā* to *rōʾš*, her *ʾōyəḇeyhā* *šālû*, *kî*-*YHWH* *hôḡāh* upon *rōḇ*-her *pəšāʿeyhā*; her *ʿôlāleyhā* *hāləḵû* *šəḇî* before-*ṣār*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became",
"*ṣāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her adversaries",
"*lərōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to head/chief",
"*ʾōyəḇeyhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her enemies",
"*šālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they prosper",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD",
"*hôḡāh*": "hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - he afflicted her",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - because of",
"*rōḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - abundance/multitude of",
"*pəšāʿeyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her transgressions",
"*ʿôlāleyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her children",
"*hāləḵû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they went",
"*šəḇî*": "noun, masculine singular - captivity",
"*lip̄nê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before",
"*ṣār*": "noun, masculine singular - adversary"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣāreyhā*": "her adversaries/her oppressors/her foes",
"*rōʾš*": "head/chief/leader",
"*ʾōyəḇeyhā*": "her enemies/her foes",
"*šālû*": "prosper/are at ease/succeed",
"*hôḡāh*": "afflicted her/caused her grief/punished her",
"*rōḇ*": "abundance/multitude/greatness",
"*pəšāʿeyhā*": "her transgressions/her rebellions/her sins",
"*ʿôlāleyhā*": "her children/her infants/her little ones",
"*šəḇî*": "captivity/exile",
"*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Lamentations.1.6",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מִבַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כָּל־הֲדָרָ֑הּ הָי֣וּ שָׂרֶ֗יהָ כְּאַיָּלִים֙ לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מִרְעֶ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְלֹא־כֹ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י רוֹדֵֽף׃ ס",
"text": "*wa*-*yēṣēʾ* from *baṯ*-*ṣîôn* all-her *hăḏārāh*; *hāyû* her *śāreyhā* like *ʾayyālîm* *lōʾ*-*māṣəʾû* *mirʿeh*, *wa*-*yēləḵû* without-*ḵōaḥ* before *rôḏēp̄*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa*": "conjunction - and",
"*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it goes out",
"*mibbaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from daughter of",
"*ṣîôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of",
"*hăḏārāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her splendor",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became",
"*śāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her princes",
"*kəʾayyālîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - like deer/stags",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*māṣəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they found",
"*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture",
"*yēləḵû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they go",
"*ḇəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - without",
"*ḵōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - strength",
"*lip̄nê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before",
"*rôḏēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - pursuer"
},
"variants": {
"*yēṣēʾ*": "goes out/departs/is gone",
"*baṯ-ṣîôn*": "daughter of Zion/Jerusalem",
"*hăḏārāh*": "her splendor/her glory/her beauty",
"*śāreyhā*": "her princes/her officials/her leaders",
"*ʾayyālîm*": "deer/stags/harts",
"*māṣəʾû*": "they found/they discovered",
"*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land/food",
"*yēləḵû*": "they go/they walk/they proceed",
"*ḵōaḥ*": "strength/power/might",
"*rôḏēp̄*": "pursuer/hunter/one who chases"
}
}