3 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.3",
"source": "כֹּ֣ל ׀ מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ",
"text": "Any *mafreseth* *parsâ* and-*šōsaʿat* *šesaʿ* *pərāsōt* *maʿălat* *gērâ* among-the-*bəhēmâ* it *tōʾḵēlū*",
"grammar": {
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - any/all of",
"*mafreseth*": "Hifil participle, feminine singular - dividing/having divided",
"*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof",
"*wə-šōsaʿat*": "waw conjunction + Qal participle, feminine singular - and cleaving/splitting",
"*šesaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - cleft/division",
"*pərāsōt*": "feminine plural noun - hooves",
"*maʿălat*": "Hifil participle, feminine singular - bringing up/chewing",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*ba-bəhēmâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - among the beasts/cattle",
"*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it/that",
"*tōʾḵēlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat"
},
"variants": {
"*mafreseth parsâ*": "parts the hoof/has split hooves",
"*šōsaʿat šesaʿ pərāsōt*": "completely splits the hoof/has wholly divided hooves",
"*maʿălat gērâ*": "brings up the cud/chews the cud/ruminates"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.4",
"source": "אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖י הַפַּרְסָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֠גָּמָל כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֨ה גֵרָ֜ה ה֗וּא וּפַרְסָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מַפְרִ֔יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "Yet this not *tōʾḵəlū* from-*maʿălê* the-*gērâ* and-from-*mafrîsê* the-*parsâ* the-*gāmāl* for-*maʿălēh* *gērâ* he and-*parsâ* not-he *mafrîs* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*ʾaḵ*": "restrictive adverb - yet/but/however",
"*lōʾ tōʾḵəlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat",
"*mi-maʿălê*": "preposition + Hifil participle, masculine plural construct - from those bringing up",
"*ha-gērâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the cud",
"*ū-mi-mafrîsê*": "waw conjunction + preposition + Hifil participle, masculine plural construct - and from those dividing",
"*ha-parsâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the hoof",
"*ha-gāmāl*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the camel",
"*kî-maʿălēh*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for bringing up",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof",
"*ʾênennū*": "negative particle + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he/it is not",
"*mafrîs*": "Hifil participle, masculine singular - dividing/splitting",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*gāmāl*": "camel",
"*maʿălēh gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates",
"*mafrîs*": "parts/divides/splits",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.5",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֗ן כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֤ה גֵרָה֙ ה֔וּא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א יַפְרִ֑יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-the-*šāfān* for-*maʿălēh* *gērâ* he and-*parsâ* not *yafrîs* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-šāfān*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the hyrax/rock badger",
"*kî-maʿălēh*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for bringing up",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof",
"*lōʾ yafrîs*": "negative particle + Hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he does not divide/split",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*šāfān*": "hyrax/rock badger/coney",
"*maʿălēh gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates",
"*yafrîs*": "divides/parts/splits [the hoof]"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.6",
"source": "וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת כִּֽי־מַעֲלַ֤ת גֵּרָה֙ הִ֔וא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֑יסָה טְמֵאָ֥ה הִ֖וא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-the-*ʾarnebeth* for-*maʿălat* *gērâ* she and-*parsâ* not *hifrîsâ* *ṭəmēʾâ* she to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾarnebeth*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the hare/rabbit",
"*kî-maʿălat*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, feminine singular - for bringing up",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular independent pronoun - she/it",
"*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof",
"*lōʾ hifrîsâ*": "negative particle + Hifil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has not divided/split",
"*ṭəmēʾâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - unclean/impure",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular independent pronoun - she/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾarnebeth*": "hare/rabbit",
"*maʿălat gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates",
"*hifrîsâ*": "has divided/parted/split [the hoof]"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.7",
"source": "וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֜ה ה֗וּא וְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה וְה֖וּא גֵּרָ֣ה לֹֽא־יִגָּ֑ר טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-the-*ḥăzîr* for-*mafrîs* *parsâ* he and-*šōsaʿ* *šesaʿ* *parsâ* and-he *gērâ* not-*yiggār* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ʾet-ha-ḥăzîr*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the pig/swine",
"*kî-mafrîs*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for dividing/parting",
"*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*wə-šōsaʿ*": "waw conjunction + Qal participle, masculine singular - and splitting",
"*šesaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - cleft/division",
"*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof",
"*wə-hūʾ*": "waw conjunction + 3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - and he/it",
"*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud",
"*lōʾ-yiggār*": "negative particle + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does not chew/bring up",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure",
"*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥăzîr*": "pig/swine/boar",
"*mafrîs parsâ*": "divides the hoof/has split hooves",
"*šōsaʿ šesaʿ parsâ*": "completely splits the hoof/has wholly divided hooves",
"*yiggār*": "chews/brings up/ruminates"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.8",
"source": "מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם",
"text": "From-*bəśārām* not *tōʾḵēlū* and-in-*niḇlātām* not *tiggāʿū* *ṭəmēʾîm* they to-you",
"grammar": {
"*mi-bəśārām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their flesh/meat",
"*lōʾ tōʾḵēlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat",
"*ū-ḇə-niḇlātām*": "waw conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and in their carcass/dead body",
"*lōʾ tiggāʿū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not touch",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - unclean/impure",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat/their body",
"*niḇlātām*": "their carcass/their dead body/their corpse",
"*tiggāʿū*": "you touch/you contact/you handle"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.9",
"source": "אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת בַּמַּ֗יִם בַּיַּמִּ֛ים וּבַנְּחָלִ֖ים אֹתָ֥ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ",
"text": "This *tōʾḵəlū* from-all which in-the-*mayim* all which-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*mayim* in-the-*yammîm* and-in-the-*nəḥālîm* them *tōʾḵēlū*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾet-zeh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of",
"*ʾăšer-lō*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - which has",
"*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin",
"*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale",
"*ba-mayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*ba-yammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the seas",
"*ū-ḇa-nəḥālîm*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and in the streams/rivers",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*tōʾḵēlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat"
},
"variants": {
"*mayim*": "waters/water",
"*sənapîr*": "fin",
"*qaśqeśet*": "scale",
"*yammîm*": "seas/oceans",
"*nəḥālîm*": "streams/rivers/wadis"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.10",
"source": "וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים֙ וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם",
"text": "And-all which not-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*yammîm* and-in-the-*nəḥālîm* from-all *šereṣ* the-*mayim* and-from-all *nefeš* the-*ḥayyâ* which in-the-*mayim* *šeqeṣ* they to-you",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ḵōl*": "waw conjunction + noun, construct state - and all of",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ʾên-lō*": "negative particle of existence + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has not",
"*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin",
"*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale",
"*ba-yammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the seas",
"*ū-ḇa-nəḥālîm*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and in the streams/rivers",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of",
"*ha-mayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the waters",
"*ū-mi-kōl*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, construct state - and from all of",
"*nefeš*": "feminine singular noun, construct state - living creature of",
"*ha-ḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the living",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/teeming creature/creeping thing",
"*nefeš ha-ḥayyâ*": "living creature/living being/living thing",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.11",
"source": "וְשֶׁ֖קֶץ יִהְי֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וְאֶת־נִבְלָתָ֖ם תְּשַׁקֵּֽצוּ",
"text": "And-*šeqeṣ* *yihyū* to-you from-*bəśārām* not *tōʾḵēlū* and-their-*niḇlātām* *təšaqqēṣū*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-šeqeṣ*": "waw conjunction + masculine singular noun - and detestable thing/abomination",
"*yihyū*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall be",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you",
"*mi-bəśārām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their flesh/meat",
"*lōʾ tōʾḵēlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat",
"*wə-ʾet-niḇlātām*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their carcass/dead body",
"*təšaqqēṣū*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall detest/abhor"
},
"variants": {
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing",
"*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat/their body",
"*niḇlātām*": "their carcass/their dead body/their corpse",
"*təšaqqēṣū*": "detest/abhor/regard as abominable"
}
}