23 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.23",
"source": "וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And all *šereṣ* of the *ʿôp* which has four *raglayim*, *šeqeṣ* *hûʾ* to you.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + construct noun, 'and all/every'",
"*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun in construct, 'swarming thing/creeping thing'",
"*hāʿôp*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the flying creature/bird'",
"*ʾăšer-lô*": "relative pronoun + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'which has'",
"*ʾarbaʿ*": "numeral, 'four'",
"*raglayim*": "feminine dual noun, 'feet/legs'",
"*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun, 'detestable thing/abomination'",
"*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it (is)'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'"
},
"variants": {
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, crawling creature",
"*ʿôp*": "flying creature, bird, winged insect",
"*raglayim*": "feet, legs (dual form)",
"*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing, abomination, ritually unclean"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.24",
"source": "וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And by *ʾēlleh* you shall *tiṭṭammāʾû*, all *hannōgēaʿ* with their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*ûləʾēlleh*": "conjunction + preposition + demonstrative pronoun, 'and by these'",
"*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall become unclean'",
"*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bənibəlâtām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with their carcass'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "become unclean, be defiled, be ritually impure",
"*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.25",
"source": "וְכָל־הַנֹּשֵׂ֖א מִנִּבְלָתָ֑ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And all *hannōśēʾ* from their *nəbēlâ* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and shall be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵol*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'",
"*hannōśēʾ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one carrying/bearing'",
"*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'",
"*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'",
"*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*nōśēʾ*": "one carrying, one bearing, one who lifts",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "wash, cleanse, launder",
"*bəgādîm*": "clothes, garments, vestments",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.26",
"source": "לְֽכָל־הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִוא֩ מַפְרֶ֨סֶת פַּרְסָ֜ה וְשֶׁ֣סַע ׀ אֵינֶ֣נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת וְגֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃",
"text": "For all the *bəhēmâ* which *hîʾ* *mapreset* *parsâ* but *šesaʿ* is not *šōsaʿat* and *gērâ* is not *maʿălâ*, *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you; all *hannōgēaʿ* with them shall *yiṭmāʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ləḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'for all/every'",
"*habbəhēmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun, 'the animal/beast/cattle'",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun, 'it/she'",
"*mapreset*": "hiphil participle feminine singular, 'dividing/splitting'",
"*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'hoof'",
"*wəšesaʿ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun, 'and cleft/split'",
"*ʾênennâ*": "negative particle + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'is not'",
"*šōsaʿat*": "qal participle feminine singular, 'cleaving/dividing'",
"*wəgērâ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun, 'and cud'",
"*maʿălâ*": "hiphil participle feminine singular, 'bringing up/raising'",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun, 'they'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'"
},
"variants": {
"*bəhēmâ*": "animal, beast, cattle, livestock",
"*mapreset parsâ*": "having divided hooves, having split hooves",
"*šesaʿ*": "cleft, division, split",
"*šōsaʿat*": "cleaving, splitting completely",
"*gērâ*": "cud (food brought up to be chewed again)",
"*maʿălâ*": "bringing up, raising, elevating (referring to rumination)",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.27",
"source": "וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכָל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "And all *hôlēḵ* upon its *kappāyw* among all the *ḥayyâ* *hahōleḵet* upon four, *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you; all *hannōgēaʿ* with their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'",
"*hôlēḵ*": "qal participle masculine singular, 'walking/going'",
"*ʿal-kappāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon its paws'",
"*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'among all'",
"*haḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun, 'the living thing/beast'",
"*hahōleḵet*": "definite article + qal participle feminine singular, 'the walking/going'",
"*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + numeral, 'upon four (legs)'",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'",
"*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun, 'they'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bənibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with their carcass'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*hôlēḵ*": "walking, going, moving",
"*kappāyw*": "paws, hands, palms (dual form)",
"*ḥayyâ*": "living thing, animal, beast, creature",
"*hahōleḵet*": "the one walking, moving creature",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.28",
"source": "וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה לָכֶֽם׃ ס",
"text": "And *hannōśēʾ* *ʾet-nibəlātām* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and shall be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*; *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you.",
"grammar": {
"*wəhannōśēʾ*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'and the one carrying/bearing'",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*nibəlātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'their carcass'",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'",
"*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'",
"*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun (emphatic form), 'they'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'"
},
"variants": {
"*nōśēʾ*": "one carrying, one bearing, one who lifts",
"*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse",
"*yəḵabbēs*": "wash, cleanse, launder",
"*bəgādîm*": "clothes, garments, vestments",
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled (plural)"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.29",
"source": "וְזֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ הַטָּמֵ֔א בַּשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ הַחֹ֥לֶד וְהָעַכְבָּ֖ר וְהַצָּ֥ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "And this to you the *ṭāmēʾ* among the *šereṣ* *haššōrēṣ* upon the *ʾāreṣ*: the *ḥōled* and the *ʿaḵbār* and the *ṣāb* to its *mîn*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəzeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular, 'and this'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*haṭṭāmēʾ*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular, 'the unclean'",
"*baššereṣ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'among the swarming thing'",
"*haššōrēṣ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the swarming/teaming'",
"*ʿal-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'upon the earth/ground'",
"*haḥōled*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the mole/weasel'",
"*wəhāʿaḵbār*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the mouse'",
"*wəhaṣṣāb*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the lizard/tortoise'",
"*ləmînēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled",
"*šereṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, small moving creature",
"*šōrēṣ*": "swarming, teaming, moving in large numbers",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth, ground, land",
"*ḥōled*": "mole, weasel, rat (uncertain identification)",
"*ʿaḵbār*": "mouse, rat",
"*ṣāb*": "lizard, tortoise (uncertain identification)",
"*mîn*": "kind, species, category"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.30",
"source": "וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה וְהַכֹּ֖חַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹ֖מֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃",
"text": "And the *ʾănāqâ* and the *kōaḥ* and the *ləṭāʾâ* and the *ḥōmeṭ* and the *tinšāmet*.",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāʾănāqâ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the gecko/ferret'",
"*wəhakkōaḥ*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the monitor lizard/chameleon'",
"*wəhalləṭāʾâ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the lizard'",
"*wəhaḥōmeṭ*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the sand lizard/snail'",
"*wəhattinšāmet*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the chameleon/mole'"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾănāqâ*": "gecko, ferret, shrew (uncertain identification)",
"*kōaḥ*": "monitor lizard, chameleon, type of lizard (uncertain identification)",
"*ləṭāʾâ*": "lizard, type of reptile",
"*ḥōmeṭ*": "sand lizard, snail, type of reptile (uncertain identification)",
"*tinšāmet*": "chameleon, mole, type of reptile (uncertain identification)"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Leviticus.11.31",
"source": "אֵ֛לֶּה הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם בְּכָל־הַשָּׁ֑רֶץ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּהֶ֛ם בְּמֹתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "*ʾēlleh* the *ṭəmēʾîm* to you among all the *šāreṣ*; all *hannōgēaʿ* with them in their *môt* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun plural, 'these'",
"*haṭṭəmēʾîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural, 'the unclean ones'",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'",
"*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'among all'",
"*haššāreṣ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the swarming thing'",
"*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'",
"*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'",
"*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'",
"*bəmōtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'in their death/when they are dead'",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'",
"*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'"
},
"variants": {
"*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled (plural)",
"*šāreṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, small moving creature",
"*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with",
"*môt*": "death, dying, deadness",
"*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled",
"*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset"
}
}