Numbers 31:19

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Numbers.31.19", "source": "וְאַתֶּ֗ם חֲנ֛וּ מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים כֹּל֩ הֹרֵ֨ג נֶ֜פֶשׁ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ נֹגֵ֣עַ בֶּֽחָלָ֗ל תִּֽתְחַטְּא֞וּ בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י אַתֶּ֖ם וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾattem* *ḥănû* outside to-the-*maḥăneh* seven *yāmîm*; all *hōrēg* *nepeš* and all *nōgēaʿ* in-the-*ḥālāl* *titḥaṭṭəʾû* in-the-*yôm* the-third and-in-the-*yôm* the-seventh, you and-your-*šəbîkem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ḥănû*": "imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - encamp/remain", "*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - camp", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*hōrēg*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - killing/slaying", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/person/life", "*nōgēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - touching", "*ḥālāl*": "masculine singular noun - slain/corpse", "*titḥaṭṭəʾû*": "Hithpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - purify yourselves", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*šəbîkem*": "masculine plural noun construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your captives" }, "variants": { "*ḥănû*": "encamp/remain/dwell", "*nepeš*": "soul/person/life/being", "*titḥaṭṭəʾû*": "purify yourselves/cleanse yourselves/decontaminate yourselves", "*ḥālāl*": "slain/corpse/dead body" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאַתֶּ֗ם חֲנ֛וּ מִח֥וּץ לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים כֹּל֩ הֹרֵ֨ג נֶ֜פֶשׁ וְכֹ֣ל ׀ נֹגֵ֣עַ בֶּֽחָלָ֗ל תִּֽתְחַטְּא֞וּ בַּיּ֤וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י אַתֶּ֖ם וּשְׁבִיכֶֽם׃

Transliteration

And ʾattem ḥănû outside to-the-maḥăneh seven yāmîm; all hōrēg nepeš and all nōgēaʿ in-the-ḥālāl titḥaṭṭəʾû in-the-yôm the-third and-in-the-yôm the-seventh, you and-your-šəbîkem.

Grammar Details

• *ʾattem*: 2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you
• *ḥănû*: imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - encamp/remain
• *maḥăneh*: masculine singular noun with definite article - camp
• *yāmîm*: masculine plural noun - days
• *hōrēg*: Qal participle, masculine singular - killing/slaying
• *nepeš*: feminine singular noun - soul/person/life
• *nōgēaʿ*: Qal participle, masculine singular - touching
• *ḥālāl*: masculine singular noun - slain/corpse
• *titḥaṭṭəʾû*: Hithpael imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - purify yourselves
• *yôm*: masculine singular noun - day
• *šəbîkem*: masculine plural noun construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your captives

Word Meanings

• *ḥănû*: encamp/remain/dwell
• *nepeš*: soul/person/life/being
• *titḥaṭṭəʾû*: purify yourselves/cleanse yourselves/decontaminate yourselves
• *ḥālāl*: slain/corpse/dead body

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  You must remain outside the camp for seven days. Anyone who has killed someone or touched a dead body must purify themselves on the third day and on the seventh day, both you and your captives.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And do ye abide without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify both yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And remain outside the camp seven days; whoever has killed any person and whoever has touched any slain, purify both yourselves and your captives on the third day and on the seventh day.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And do ye abide without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify both yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And encamp{H2583} ye without{H2351} the camp{H4264} seven{H7651} days:{H3117} whosoever hath killed{H2026} any person,{H5315} and whosoever hath touched{H5060} any slain,{H2491} purify{H2398} yourselves on the third{H7992} day{H3117} and on the seventh{H7637} day,{H3117} ye and your captives.{H7628}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And do ye abide{H2583}{(H8798)} without{H2351} the camp{H4264} seven{H7651} days{H3117}: whosoever hath killed{H2026}{(H8802)} any person{H5315}, and whosoever hath touched{H5060}{(H8802)} any slain{H2491}, purify{H2398}{(H8691)} both yourselves and your captives{H7628} on the third{H7992} day{H3117}, and on the seventh{H7637} day{H3117}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And lodge without the hoste.vij. dayes all that haue killed any persone and all that haue twiched any dead body and purifye both youre selues and youre presoners the.iij. daye and the.vij.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And lodge ye without the hoost, all yt haue slayne any man, or touched the slayne, that on the thirde and seuenth daie ye maie purifie yor selues and those whom ye haue taken presoners.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And ye shal remaine without the host seuen dayes, all that haue killed any person, and all that haue touched any dead, and purifie both your selues and your prisoners the third day and the seuenth.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And ye shall remayne without the hoast seuen dayes, all that haue kylled any person, and all that haue touched any dead body, and purifie both your selues and your prisoners the thirde day and the seuenth.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And do ye abide without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify [both] yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Encamp you outside of the camp seven days: whoever has killed any person, and whoever has touched any slain, purify yourselves on the third day and on the seventh day, you and your captives.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And ye, encamp ye at the outside of the camp seven days -- any who hath slain a person, and any who hath come against a pierced one, ye cleanse yourselves on the third day, and on the seventh day -- ye and your captives;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And encamp ye without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify yourselves on the third day and on the seventh day, ye and your captives.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And encamp ye without the camp seven days: whosoever hath killed any person, and whosoever hath touched any slain, purify yourselves on the third day and on the seventh day, ye and your captives.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  You yourselves will have to keep outside the tent-circle for seven days, anyone of you who has put any person to death or come near a dead body; and on the third day and on the seventh day make yourselves and your prisoners clean.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "Encamp outside of the camp seven days: whoever has killed any person, and whoever has touched any slain, purify yourselves on the third day and on the seventh day, you and your captives.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Purification After Battle“Any of you who has killed anyone or touched any of the dead, remain outside the camp for seven days; purify yourselves and your captives on the third day, and on the seventh day.

Referenced Verses

• Num 5:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Numbers.5.2", "source": "צַ֚ו אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וִֽישַׁלְּחוּ֙ מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כָּל־צָר֖וּעַ וְכָל־זָ֑ב וְכֹ֖ל טָמֵ֥א לָנָֽפֶשׁ׃", "text": "*ṣaw* *ʾet*-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wîšalləḥû* from-the-*maḥăneh* every-*ṣārûaʿ* and-every-*zāḇ* and-every *ṭāmēʾ* to-the-*nepeš*", "grammar": { "*ṣaw*": "Piel imperative, masculine singular - command", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular", "*wîšalləḥû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd plural with waw conjunctive - and they shall send out", "*maḥăneh*": "masculine singular with definite article - the camp", "*ṣārûaʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - leprous/having skin disease", "*zāḇ*": "masculine singular - one having a discharge", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular - soul/body/person/life" }, "variants": { "*ṣaw*": "command/order", "*wîšalləḥû*": "send away/expel/dismiss", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment", "*ṣārûaʿ*": "leprous person/one with skin disease", "*zāḇ*": "one having discharge/flux/issue", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/defiled/impure", "*nepeš*": "soul/dead body/corpse/person" } }
• Num 19:11-22 : 11 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.11", "source": "הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּמֵ֖ת לְכָל־נֶ֣פֶשׁ אָדָ֑ם וְטָמֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃", "text": "*ha-nnōḡēaʿ* *bə-mēṯ* *lə-ḵāl*-*nep̄eš* *ʾāḏām* *wə-ṭāmēʾ* *šiḇʿaṯ* *yāmîm*", "grammar": { "*ha-nnōḡēaʿ*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - the one touching", "*bə-mēṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on a dead body", "*lə-ḵāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - for any", "*nep̄eš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - soul of", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*wə-ṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall be unclean", "*šiḇʿaṯ*": "number, feminine singular construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days" }, "variants": { "*nōḡēaʿ*": "touching/one who touches", "*mēṯ*": "dead/corpse/dead person", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/person/self", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/mankind/human being", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled" } } 12 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.12", "source": "ה֣וּא יִתְחַטָּא־ב֞וֹ בַּיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֛י וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י יִטְהָ֑ר וְאִם־לֹ֨א יִתְחַטָּ֜א בַּיּ֧וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֛י וּבַיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י לֹ֥א יִטְהָֽר׃", "text": "*hûʾ* *yiṯḥaṭṭā*-*ḇô* *ba-yyôm* *ha-ššəlîšî* *û-ḇa-yyôm* *ha-ššəḇîʿî* *yiṭhār* *wə-ʾim*-*lōʾ* *yiṯḥaṭṭāʾ* *ba-yyôm* *ha-ššəlîšî* *û-ḇa-yyôm* *ha-ššəḇîʿî* *lōʾ* *yiṭhār*", "grammar": { "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*yiṯḥaṭṭā*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall purify himself", "*ḇô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with it", "*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the day", "*ha-ššəlîšî*": "definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular - the third", "*û-ḇa-yyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and on the day", "*ha-ššəḇîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular - the seventh", "*yiṭhār*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be clean", "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + particle - and if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiṯḥaṭṭāʾ*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he purifies himself", "*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the day", "*ha-ššəlîšî*": "definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular - the third", "*û-ḇa-yyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and on the day", "*ha-ššəḇîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular - the seventh", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yiṭhār*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be clean" }, "variants": { "*yiṯḥaṭṭā*": "purify himself/cleanse himself/make himself pure", "*yiṭhār*": "be clean/be pure/be cleansed" } } 13 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.13", "source": "כָּֽל־הַנֹּגֵ֡עַ בְּמֵ֣ת בְּנֶפֶשׁ֩ הָאָדָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־יָמ֜וּת וְלֹ֣א יִתְחַטָּ֗א אֶת־מִשְׁכַּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ טִמֵּ֔א וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּי֩ מֵ֨י נִדָּ֜ה לֹא־זֹרַ֤ק עָלָיו֙ טָמֵ֣א יִהְיֶ֔ה ע֖וֹד טֻמְאָת֥וֹ בֽוֹ׃", "text": "*kāl*-*ha-nnōḡēaʿ* *bə-mēṯ* *bə-nep̄eš* *hā-ʾāḏām* *ʾăšer*-*yāmûṯ* *wə-lōʾ* *yiṯḥaṭṭāʾ* *ʾeṯ*-*miškan* *YHWH* *ṭimmēʾ* *wə-niḵrəṯâ* *ha-nnep̄eš* *ha-hîʾ* *mi-YYiśrāʾēl* *kî* *mê* *niddâ* *lōʾ*-*zōraq* *ʿālāyw* *ṭāmēʾ* *yihyeh* *ʿôḏ* *ṭumʾāṯô* *ḇô*", "grammar": { "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*ha-nnōḡēaʿ*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - the one touching", "*bə-mēṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on a dead body", "*bə-nep̄eš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - on the soul of", "*hā-ʾāḏām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yāmûṯ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - dies", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yiṯḥaṭṭāʾ*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he purifies himself", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*miškan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tabernacle of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has defiled", "*wə-niḵrəṯâ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and she shall be cut off", "*ha-nnep̄eš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the soul/person", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - that", "*mi-YYiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - from Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*niddâ*": "noun, feminine singular - separation/impurity", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*zōraq*": "verb, pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was sprinkled", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean", "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet", "*ṭumʾāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his uncleanness", "*ḇô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him" }, "variants": { "*nōḡēaʿ*": "touching/one who touches", "*mēṯ*": "dead/corpse/dead person", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/life/person/self", "*yāmûṯ*": "dies/will die", "*yiṯḥaṭṭāʾ*": "purify himself/cleanse himself", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "defiled/made unclean", "*niḵrəṯâ*": "be cut off/be removed/be excluded", "*mê* *niddâ*": "water of separation/water of impurity/water for purification", "*zōraq*": "sprinkled/thrown/scattered", "*ṭumʾâ*": "uncleanness/impurity/defilement" } } 14 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.14", "source": "זֹ֚את הַתּוֹרָ֔ה אָדָ֖ם כִּֽי־יָמ֣וּת בְּאֹ֑הֶל כָּל־הַבָּ֤א אֶל־הָאֹ֙הֶל֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּאֹ֔הֶל יִטְמָ֖א שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃", "text": "*zōʾṯ* *ha-ttôrâ* *ʾāḏām* *kî*-*yāmûṯ* *bə-ʾōhel* *kāl*-*ha-bbāʾ* *ʾel*-*hā-ʾōhel* *wə-ḵāl*-*ʾăšer* *bā-ʾōhel* *yiṭmāʾ* *šiḇʿaṯ* *yāmîm*", "grammar": { "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this is", "*ha-ttôrâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the law/instruction", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*kî*": "conjunction - when", "*yāmûṯ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he dies", "*bə-ʾōhel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in a tent", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of/every", "*ha-bbāʾ*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - the one coming", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into", "*hā-ʾōhel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the tent", "*wə-ḵāl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and all of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*bā-ʾōhel*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the tent", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall be unclean", "*šiḇʿaṯ*": "number, feminine singular construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days" }, "variants": { "*tôrâ*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction", "*yāmûṯ*": "dies/will die", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling", "*bāʾ*": "coming/entering/one who comes", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean/become impure" } } 15 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.15", "source": "וְכֹל֙ כְּלִ֣י פָת֔וּחַ אֲשֶׁ֛ר אֵין־צָמִ֥יד פָּתִ֖יל עָלָ֑יו טָמֵ֖א הֽוּא׃", "text": "*wə-ḵōl* *kəlî* *p̄āṯûaḥ* *ʾăšer* *ʾên*-*ṣāmîḏ* *pāṯîl* *ʿālāyw* *ṭāmēʾ* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and every", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine singular - vessel/utensil", "*p̄āṯûaḥ*": "adjective, masculine singular - open", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*ṣāmîḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - cover/lid", "*pāṯîl*": "noun, masculine singular - cord/thread/string", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - it/he" }, "variants": { "*kəlî*": "vessel/container/utensil", "*p̄āṯûaḥ*": "open/uncovered", "*ṣāmîḏ* *pāṯîl*": "binding cord/tied cover/bound lid", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled" } } 16 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.16", "source": "וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֜ע עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶ֗ה בּֽ͏ַחֲלַל־חֶ֙רֶב֙ א֣וֹ בְמֵ֔ת אֽוֹ־בְעֶ֥צֶם אָדָ֖ם א֣וֹ בְקָ֑בֶר יִטְמָ֖א שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-ḵōl* *ʾăšer*-*yiggaʿ* *ʿal*-*pənê* *ha-śśāḏeh* *ba-ḥălal*-*ḥereḇ* *ʾô* *ḇə-mēṯ* *ʾô*-*ḇə-ʿeṣem* *ʾāḏām* *ʾô* *ḇə-qāḇer* *yiṭmāʾ* *šiḇʿaṯ* *yāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and anyone", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yiggaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - touches", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on", "*pənê*": "noun, common plural construct - face/surface of", "*ha-śśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field", "*ba-ḥălal*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - on one slain by", "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ḇə-mēṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on a dead body", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ḇə-ʿeṣem*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - on a bone of", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ḇə-qāḇer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - on a grave", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall be unclean", "*šiḇʿaṯ*": "number, feminine singular construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days" }, "variants": { "*yiggaʿ*": "touch/make contact with", "*pənê* *ha-śśāḏeh*": "surface of the field/open field/open country", "*ḥălal*": "slain/wounded/pierced", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/cutting instrument", "*mēṯ*": "dead/corpse", "*ʿeṣem*": "bone/skeleton", "*qāḇer*": "grave/tomb/burial place", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean/become impure" } } 17 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.17", "source": "וְלָֽקְחוּ֙ לַטָּמֵ֔א מֵעֲפַ֖ר שְׂרֵפַ֣ת הַֽחַטָּ֑את וְנָתַ֥ן עָלָ֛יו מַ֥יִם חַיִּ֖ים אֶל־כֶּֽלִי׃", "text": "*wə-lāqəḥû* *la-ṭṭāmēʾ* *mē-ʿăp̄ar* *śərêp̄aṯ* *ha-ḥaṭṭāʾṯ* *wə-nāṯan* *ʿālāyw* *mayim* *ḥayyîm* *ʾel*-*kelî*", "grammar": { "*wə-lāqəḥû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they shall take", "*la-ṭṭāmēʾ*": "preposition + definite article + adjective, masculine singular - for the unclean", "*mē-ʿăp̄ar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the ashes of", "*śərêp̄aṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - burning of", "*ha-ḥaṭṭāʾṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sin offering/purification", "*wə-nāṯan*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall put", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living/fresh", "*ʾel*": "preposition - into", "*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular - vessel/container" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "take/get/fetch", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure person", "*ʿăp̄ar*": "dust/ashes/earth", "*śərêp̄â*": "burning/fire", "*ḥaṭṭāʾṯ*": "sin offering/purification offering", "*nāṯan*": "put/place/give", "*mayim* *ḥayyîm*": "living water/fresh water/flowing water", "*kelî*": "vessel/container/utensil" } } 18 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.18", "source": "וְלָקַ֨ח אֵז֜וֹב וְטָבַ֣ל בַּמַּיִם֮ אִ֣ישׁ טָהוֹר֒ וְהִזָּ֤ה עַל־הָאֹ֙הֶל֙ וְעַל־כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֔ים וְעַל־הַנְּפָשׁ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָֽיוּ־שָׁ֑ם וְעַל־הַנֹּגֵ֗עַ בַּעֶ֙צֶם֙ א֣וֹ בֶֽחָלָ֔ל א֥וֹ בַמֵּ֖ת א֥וֹ בַקָּֽבֶר׃", "text": "*wə-lāqaḥ* *ʾēzôḇ* *wə-ṭāḇal* *ba-mmayim* *ʾîš* *ṭāhôr* *wə-hizzâ* *ʿal*-*hā-ʾōhel* *wə-ʿal*-*kāl*-*ha-kkēlîm* *wə-ʿal*-*ha-nnəp̄āšôṯ* *ʾăšer* *hāyû*-*šām* *wə-ʿal*-*ha-nnōḡēaʿ* *ba-ʿeṣem* *ʾô* *ḇe-ḥālāl* *ʾô* *ḇa-mmēṯ* *ʾô* *ḇa-qqāḇer*", "grammar": { "*wə-lāqaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall take", "*ʾēzôḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - hyssop", "*wə-ṭāḇal*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall dip", "*ba-mmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the water", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - clean/pure", "*wə-hizzâ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall sprinkle", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on", "*hā-ʾōhel*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the tent", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and on", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ha-kkēlîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the vessels", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and on", "*ha-nnəp̄āšôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the persons", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd common plural - were", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and on", "*ha-nnōḡēaʿ*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - the one touching", "*ba-ʿeṣem*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - on the bone", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ḇe-ḥālāl*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the slain", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ḇa-mmēṯ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the dead", "*ʾô*": "conjunction - or", "*ḇa-qqāḇer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the grave" }, "variants": { "*ʾēzôḇ*": "hyssop/herb used for purification", "*ṭāḇal*": "dip/immerse", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean/pure/ceremonially clean", "*hizzâ*": "sprinkle/spatter", "*nep̄āšôṯ*": "persons/souls/living beings", "*nōḡēaʿ*": "touching/one who touches", "*ʿeṣem*": "bone/skeleton", "*ḥālāl*": "slain/wounded/pierced", "*mēṯ*": "dead/corpse", "*qāḇer*": "grave/tomb/burial place" } } 19 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.19", "source": "וְהִזָּ֤ה הַטָּהֹר֙ עַל־הַטָּמֵ֔א בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֖י וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י וְחִטְּאוֹ֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וְכִבֶּ֧ס בְּגָדָ֛יו וְרָחַ֥ץ בַּמַּ֖יִם וְטָהֵ֥ר בָּעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "*wə-hizzâ* *ha-ṭṭāhōr* *ʿal*-*ha-ṭṭāmēʾ* *ba-yyôm* *ha-ššəlîšî* *û-ḇa-yyôm* *ha-ššəḇîʿî* *wə-ḥiṭṭəʾô* *ba-yyôm* *ha-ššəḇîʿî* *wə-ḵibbes* *bəḡāḏāyw* *wə-rāḥaṣ* *ba-mmayim* *wə-ṭāhēr* *bā-ʿāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-hizzâ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall sprinkle", "*ha-ṭṭāhōr*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the clean person", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on", "*ha-ṭṭāmēʾ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the unclean person", "*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the day", "*ha-ššəlîšî*": "definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular - the third", "*û-ḇa-yyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and on the day", "*ha-ššəḇîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular - the seventh", "*wə-ḥiṭṭəʾô*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he shall purify him", "*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the day", "*ha-ššəḇîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular - the seventh", "*wə-ḵibbes*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall wash", "*bəḡāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his clothes", "*wə-rāḥaṣ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall wash", "*ba-mmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the water", "*wə-ṭāhēr*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he shall be clean", "*bā-ʿāreḇ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the evening" }, "variants": { "*hizzâ*": "sprinkle/spatter", "*ṭāhōr*": "clean/pure person", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure person", "*ḥiṭṭēʾ*": "purify/cleanse/make clean", "*kibbes*": "wash/cleanse (garments)", "*rāḥaṣ*": "wash/bathe", "*ṭāhēr*": "be clean/be pure/be cleansed" } } 20 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.20", "source": "וְאִ֤ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־יִטְמָא֙ וְלֹ֣א יִתְחַטָּ֔א וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִתּ֣וֹךְ הַקָּהָ֑ל כִּי֩ אֶת־מִקְדַּ֨שׁ יְהוָ֜ה טִמֵּ֗א מֵ֥י נִדָּ֛ה לֹא־זֹרַ֥ק עָלָ֖יו טָמֵ֥א הֽוּא׃", "text": "*wə-ʾîš* *ʾăšer*-*yiṭmāʾ* *wə-lōʾ* *yiṯḥaṭṭāʾ* *wə-niḵrəṯâ* *ha-nnep̄eš* *ha-hîʾ* *mi-ttôḵ* *ha-qqāhāl* *kî* *ʾeṯ*-*miqdaš* *YHWH* *ṭimmēʾ* *mê* *niddâ* *lōʾ*-*zōraq* *ʿālāyw* *ṭāmēʾ* *hûʾ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - becomes unclean", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yiṯḥaṭṭāʾ*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - purifies himself", "*wə-niḵrəṯâ*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and shall be cut off", "*ha-nnep̄eš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the soul/person", "*ha-hîʾ*": "definite article + pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - that", "*mi-ttôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the midst of", "*ha-qqāhāl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the assembly/congregation", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*miqdaš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sanctuary of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has defiled", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*niddâ*": "noun, feminine singular - separation/impurity", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*zōraq*": "verb, pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was sprinkled", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he" }, "variants": { "*yiṭmāʾ*": "become unclean/be defiled", "*yiṯḥaṭṭāʾ*": "purify himself/cleanse himself", "*niḵrəṯâ*": "be cut off/be removed/be excluded", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/person/life", "*tôḵ*": "midst/middle", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/community", "*miqdaš*": "sanctuary/holy place", "*ṭimmēʾ*": "defiled/made unclean", "*mê* *niddâ*": "water of separation/water of impurity/water for purification", "*zōraq*": "sprinkled/thrown/scattered", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled" } } 21 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.21", "source": "וְהָיְתָ֥ה לָּהֶ֖ם לְחֻקַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם וּמַזֵּ֤ה מֵֽי־הַנִּדָּה֙ יְכַבֵּ֣ס בְּגָדָ֔יו וְהַנֹּגֵ֙עַ֙ בְּמֵ֣י הַנִּדָּ֔ה יִטְמָ֖א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "*wə-hāyəṯâ* *lāhem* *lə-ḥuqqaṯ* *ʿôlām* *û-mazzeh* *mê*-*ha-nniddâ* *yəḵabbēs* *bəḡāḏāyw* *wə-ha-nnōḡēaʿ* *bə-mê* *ha-nniddâ* *yiṭmāʾ* *ʿaḏ*-*hā-ʿāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyəṯâ*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it shall be", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lə-ḥuqqaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - for a statute of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - everlasting/perpetuity", "*û-mazzeh*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - and he who sprinkles", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*ha-nniddâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the separation/impurity", "*yəḵabbēs*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall wash", "*bəḡāḏāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his clothes", "*wə-ha-nnōḡēaʿ*": "conjunction + definite article + verb, qal participle, masculine singular - and he who touches", "*bə-mê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - on the waters of", "*ha-nniddâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the separation/impurity", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall be unclean", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*hā-ʿāreḇ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evening" }, "variants": { "*ḥuqqaṯ* *ʿôlām*": "perpetual statute/everlasting ordinance", "*mazzeh*": "one who sprinkles/sprinkler", "*mê* *ha-nniddâ*": "water of separation/water of impurity/water for purification", "*kabbes*": "wash/cleanse (garments)", "*nōḡēaʿ*": "touching/one who touches", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean/become impure" } } 22 { "verseID": "Numbers.19.22", "source": "וְכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּע־בּ֥וֹ הַטָּמֵ֖א יִטְמָ֑א וְהַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַנֹּגַ֖עַת תִּטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃ פ", "text": "*wə-ḵōl* *ʾăšer*-*yiggaʿ*-*bô* *ha-ṭṭāmēʾ* *yiṭmāʾ* *wə-ha-nnep̄eš* *ha-nnōḡaʿaṯ* *tiṭmāʾ* *ʿaḏ*-*hā-ʿāreḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and everything", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*yiggaʿ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - touches", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - on it", "*ha-ṭṭāmēʾ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the unclean person", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall be unclean", "*wə-ha-nnep̄eš*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the person", "*ha-nnōḡaʿaṯ*": "definite article + verb, qal participle, feminine singular - the one touching", "*tiṭmāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - shall be unclean", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*hā-ʿāreḇ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evening" }, "variants": { "*yiggaʿ*": "touch/make contact with", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure person", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean/become impure", "*nep̄eš*": "soul/person/life", "*nōḡaʿaṯ*": "touching/one who touches (feminine)", "*tiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean/become impure (feminine)" } }
• 1 Chr 22:8 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.22.8", "source": "וַיְהִ֨י עָלַ֤י דְּבַר־יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר דָּ֤ם לָרֹב֙ שָׁפַ֔כְתָּ וּמִלְחָמ֥וֹת גְּדֹל֖וֹת עָשִׂ֑יתָ לֹֽא־תִבְנֶ֥ה בַ֙יִת֙ לִשְׁמִ֔י כִּ֚י דָּמִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים שָׁפַ֥כְתָּ אַ֖רְצָה לְפָנָֽי׃", "text": "And *wayᵊhî* upon me *dᵊbar*-*YHWH* *lēʾmōr*, *dām* in abundance *šāpaktā* and *milḥāmôt* *gᵊdōlôt* *ʿāśîtā*; not-you shall build house for *šᵊmî*, because *dāmîm* *rabbîm* *šāpaktā* *ʾarṣâ* before me.", "grammar": { "*wayᵊhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came", "*dᵊbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*šāpaktā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have shed", "*milḥāmôt*": "noun, feminine plural - wars", "*gᵊdōlôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - great", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have made/done", "*šᵊmî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - blood/bloodshed", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/much", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular + directional he - to the ground", "*lᵊpānāy*": "preposition + noun, common plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - before me" }, "variants": { "*dām lārōb*": "blood in abundance/much blood/excessive bloodshed", "*milḥāmôt gᵊdōlôt*": "great wars/major battles/significant conflicts", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*šāpaktā ʾarṣâ*": "shed to the ground/poured out to earth/spilled onto land" } }