Num 21:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.1",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע הַכְּנַעֲנִ֤י מֶֽלֶךְ־עֲרָד֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַנֶּ֔גֶב כִּ֚י בָּ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל דֶּ֖רֶךְ הָאֲתָרִ֑ים וַיִּלָּ֙חֶם֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּ֥שְׁבְּ ׀ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ שֶֽׁבִי׃",
"text": "And *wə-yišma'* the *kəna'ănî* *meleḵ*-*'ărād* *yōšēḇ* the *negeḇ* that *bā'* *yiśrā'ēl* *dereḵ* the *'ătārîm* and *wə-yillāḥem* in-*yiśrā'ēl* and *wə-yišb* from-him *šeḇî*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yišma'*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he heard",
"*kəna'ănî*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the Canaanite",
"*meleḵ*-*'ărād*": "construct relationship - king of Arad",
"*yōšēḇ*": "qal active participle masculine singular - dwelling/inhabitant of",
"*negeḇ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the south/Negev",
"*bā'*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came/had come",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*dereḵ*": "construct noun - way of/road of",
"*'ătārîm*": "definite noun, plural - the Atharim (possibly spies or scouts)",
"*wə-yillāḥem*": "conjunctive waw + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he fought",
"*wə-yišb*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took captive",
"*šeḇî*": "noun, masculine singular - captivity/prisoners"
},
"variants": {
"*kəna'ănî*": "Canaanite people/Canaanite person",
"*negeḇ*": "south/southern region/Negev desert",
"*'ătārîm*": "Atharim (place name)/the scouts/the spies",
"*dereḵ*": "way/road/direction"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.2",
"source": "וַיִּדַּ֨ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל נֶ֛דֶר לַֽיהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אִם־נָתֹ֨ן תִּתֵּ֜ן אֶת־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ בְּיָדִ֔י וְהֽ͏ַחֲרַמְתִּ֖י אֶת־עָרֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yiddar* *yiśrā'ēl* *neder* to-*YHWH* and *wə-yō'mar* if-*nātōn tittēn* *'et*-the *'ām* the-*zeh* in-*yādî* and *wə-haḥăramtî* *'et*-*'ārêhem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiddar*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he vowed",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*neder*": "noun, masculine singular - vow/pledge",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*wə-yō'mar*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*nātōn tittēn*": "infinitive absolute + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - surely give/indeed give (emphatic)",
"*'et*": "direct object marker",
"*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this",
"*yādî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my hand",
"*wə-haḥăramtî*": "conjunctive waw + hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will utterly destroy",
"*'ārêhem*": "noun feminine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their cities"
},
"variants": {
"*neder*": "vow/pledge/promise",
"*nātōn tittēn*": "surely give/indeed give/certainly deliver",
"*haḥăramtî*": "utterly destroy/devote to destruction/dedicate to destruction",
"*yādî*": "my hand/my power/my control"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.3",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֨ע יְהוָ֜ה בְּק֣וֹל יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וַיַּחֲרֵ֥ם אֶתְהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־עָרֵיהֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֥א שֵׁם־הַמָּק֖וֹם חָרְמָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wə-yišma'* *YHWH* in-*qôl* *yiśrā'ēl* and *wə-yittēn* *'et*-the-*kəna'ănî* and *wə-yaḥărēm* *'eṯhem* and *wə-'eṯ*-*'ārêhem* and *wə-yiqrā'* *šēm*-the-*māqôm* *ḥormâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yišma'*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he heard",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice of",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wə-yittēn*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*kəna'ănî*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the Canaanite",
"*wə-yaḥărēm*": "conjunctive waw + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he utterly destroyed",
"*'eṯhem*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*'ārêhem*": "noun feminine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their cities",
"*wə-yiqrā'*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of",
"*māqôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the place",
"*ḥormâ*": "proper noun - Hormah"
},
"variants": {
"*qôl*": "voice/speech/request",
"*yaḥărēm*": "utterly destroyed/devoted to destruction/dedicated to destruction",
"*ḥormâ*": "Hormah [means 'destruction']"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.4",
"source": "וַיִּסְע֞וּ מֵהֹ֤ר הָהָר֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יַם־ס֔וּף לִסְבֹ֖ב אֶת־אֶ֣רֶץ אֱד֑וֹם וַתִּקְצַ֥ר נֶֽפֶשׁ־הָעָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃",
"text": "And *wə-yis'û* from-*hōr* the-*hāhār* *dereḵ* *yam*-*sûp̄* *lisbōḇ* *'eṯ*-*'ereṣ* *'ĕḏôm* and *wə-tiqṣar* *nep̄eš*-the-*'ām* in-the-*dāreḵ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yis'û*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they journeyed/traveled",
"*hōr*": "proper noun - Hor",
"*hāhār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the mountain",
"*dereḵ*": "noun masculine singular construct - way of/by way of",
"*yam*-*sûp̄*": "construct relationship - Sea of Reeds/Red Sea",
"*lisbōḇ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go around",
"*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*'ĕḏôm*": "proper noun - Edom",
"*wə-tiqṣar*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and it was short/impatient",
"*nep̄eš*": "noun, feminine singular construct - soul of",
"*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*dāreḵ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the way/journey"
},
"variants": {
"*hōr hāhār*": "Mount Hor (literally 'Hor the mountain')",
"*yam-sûp̄*": "Sea of Reeds/Red Sea",
"*lisbōḇ*": "to go around/to circle/to bypass",
"*tiqṣar nep̄eš*": "became impatient/grew discouraged/became short-tempered (idiom)"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.5",
"source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר הָעָ֗ם בֵּֽאלֹהִים֮ וּבְמֹשֶׁה֒ לָמָ֤ה הֶֽעֱלִיתֻ֙נוּ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם לָמ֖וּת בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְאֵ֣ין מַ֔יִם וְנַפְשֵׁ֣נוּ קָ֔צָה בַּלֶּ֖חֶם הַקְּלֹקֵֽל׃",
"text": "And *wə-yəḏabbēr* the-*'ām* against-*'ĕlōhîm* and-against-*mōšeh* why *he'ĕlîṯûnû* from-*miṣrayim* to-*lāmûṯ* in-the-*miḏbār* for *'ên* *leḥem* and-*'ên* *mayim* and-*nap̄šēnû* *qāṣâ* in-the-*leḥem* the-*qəlōqēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəḏabbēr*": "conjunctive waw + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke",
"*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*he'ĕlîṯûnû*": "hiphil perfect 2nd masculine plural + 1st common plural suffix - you brought us up",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lāmûṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to die",
"*miḏbār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the wilderness/desert",
"*'ên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food",
"*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water",
"*nap̄šēnû*": "noun feminine singular + 1st person common plural suffix - our soul",
"*qāṣâ*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - loathes/detests",
"*leḥem*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the bread/food",
"*qəlōqēl*": "definite adjective, masculine singular - the worthless/miserable"
},
"variants": {
"*bə-'ĕlōhîm*": "against God/with God",
"*qəlōqēl*": "worthless/miserable/insubstantial/light",
"*qāṣâ*": "loathes/detests/is disgusted with",
"*he'ĕlîṯûnû*": "you brought us up/you made us ascend"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.6",
"source": "וַיְשַׁלַּ֨ח יְהוָ֜ה בָּעָ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַנְּחָשִׁ֣ים הַשְּׂרָפִ֔ים וַֽיְנַשְּׁכ֖וּ אֶת־הָעָ֑ם וַיָּ֥מָת עַם־רָ֖ב מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And *wə-yšallaḥ* *YHWH* among-the-*'ām* *'ēṯ* the-*nəḥāšîm* the-*śərāp̄îm* and *wə-yənaššəḵû* *'eṯ*-the-*'ām* and *wə-yāmāṯ* *'am*-*rāḇ* from-*yiśrā'ēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yšallaḥ*": "conjunctive waw + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*'ēṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*nəḥāšîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the serpents",
"*śərāp̄îm*": "definite adjective, masculine plural - the fiery/burning",
"*wə-yənaššəḵû*": "conjunctive waw + piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they bit",
"*'eṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*wə-yāmāṯ*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and died",
"*'am*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of",
"*rāḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/many",
"*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*nəḥāšîm*": "serpents/snakes",
"*śərāp̄îm*": "fiery/burning/poisonous/seraphim",
"*'am-rāḇ*": "many people/a great number of people"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.7",
"source": "וַיָּבֹא֩ הָעָ֨ם אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֜ה וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ חָטָ֗אנוּ כִּֽי־דִבַּ֤רְנוּ בַֽיהוָה֙ וָבָ֔ךְ הִתְפַּלֵּל֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְיָסֵ֥ר מֵעָלֵ֖ינוּ אֶת־הַנָּחָ֑שׁ וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֥ל מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּעַ֥ד הָעָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wə-yāḇō'* the-*'ām* to-*mōšeh* and *wə-yō'mərû* *ḥāṭā'nû* for-*dibbarnû* against-*YHWH* and-against-*ḵā* *hiṯpallēl* to-*YHWH* and-*yāsēr* from-upon-us *'eṯ*-the-*nāḥāš* and *wə-yiṯpallēl* *mōšeh* for the-*'ām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāḇō'*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came",
"*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*wə-yō'mərû*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ḥāṭā'nû*": "qal perfect 1st common plural - we have sinned",
"*dibbarnû*": "piel perfect 1st common plural - we have spoken",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you",
"*hiṯpallēl*": "hitpael imperative masculine singular - pray",
"*yāsēr*": "hiphil jussive 3rd masculine singular - may he remove",
"*nāḥāš*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the serpent",
"*wə-yiṯpallēl*": "conjunctive waw + hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he prayed",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*'ām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*ḇə-YHWH*": "against YHWH/with YHWH",
"*hiṯpallēl*": "pray/intercede",
"*bə'aḏ*": "for/on behalf of",
"*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake [singular used collectively]"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.8",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ שָׂרָ֔ף וְשִׂ֥ים אֹת֖וֹ עַל־נֵ֑ס וְהָיָה֙ כָּל־הַנָּשׁ֔וּךְ וְרָאָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ וָחָֽי׃",
"text": "And *wə-yō'mer* *YHWH* to-*mōšeh* *'ăśēh* to-you *śārāp̄* and *wə-śîm* *'ōṯô* upon-*nēs* and *wə-hāyâ* all-the-*nāšûḵ* and *wə-rā'â* *'ōṯô* and-*wā-ḥāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yō'mer*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*'ăśēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - make",
"*śārāp̄*": "noun, masculine singular - fiery serpent",
"*wə-śîm*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperative masculine singular - and set/place",
"*'ōṯô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - it",
"*nēs*": "noun, masculine singular - pole/standard",
"*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunctive waw + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it shall be",
"*nāšûḵ*": "definite niphal participle masculine singular - the bitten one",
"*wə-rā'â*": "conjunctive waw + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sees",
"*'ōṯô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - it",
"*wā-ḥāy*": "conjunctive waw + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he shall live"
},
"variants": {
"*śārāp̄*": "fiery serpent/burning one/seraph",
"*nēs*": "pole/standard/banner",
"*nāšûḵ*": "bitten one/snakebitten person"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Numbers.21.9",
"source": "וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מֹשֶׁה֙ נְחַ֣שׁ נְחֹ֔שֶׁת וַיְשִׂמֵ֖הוּ עַל־הַנֵּ֑ס וְהָיָ֗ה אִם־נָשַׁ֤ךְ הַנָּחָשׁ֙ אֶת־אִ֔ישׁ וְהִבִּ֛יט אֶל־נְחַ֥שׁ הַנְּחֹ֖שֶׁת וָחָֽי׃",
"text": "And *wə-ya'aś* *mōšeh* *nəḥaš* *nəḥōšeṯ* and *wə-yśimēhû* upon-the-*nēs* and *wə-hāyâ* if-*nāšaḵ* the-*nāḥāš* *'eṯ*-*'îš* and *wə-hibîṭ* to-*nəḥaš* the-*nəḥōšeṯ* and-*wā-ḥāy*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ya'aś*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made",
"*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses",
"*nəḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - serpent of",
"*nəḥōšeṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*wə-yśimēhû*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he placed it",
"*nēs*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the pole/standard",
"*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunctive waw + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was",
"*nāšaḵ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - bit",
"*nāḥāš*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the serpent",
"*'îš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person",
"*wə-hibîṭ*": "conjunctive waw + hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he looked",
"*nəḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - serpent of",
"*nəḥōšeṯ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the bronze/copper",
"*wā-ḥāy*": "conjunctive waw + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he lived"
},
"variants": {
"*nəḥaš nəḥōšeṯ*": "bronze serpent (wordplay in Hebrew)",
"*nēs*": "pole/standard/banner",
"*hibîṭ*": "looked/gazed/looked intently"
}
}