Deuteronomy 2:14

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.2.14", "source": "וְהַיָּמִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣כְנוּ ׀ מִקָּדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֗עַ עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֙רְנוּ֙ אֶת־נַ֣חַל זֶ֔רֶד שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַדּ֜וֹר אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ מִקֶּ֣רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And the *yāmîm* that-*hālakʾnū* from *qādēš barnēaʿ* until that-*ʿābarnū* *ʾet*-*naḥal* *zered* *šelōšîm* and *šemōneh* *šānāh* until-*tōm* all-the *dôr* *ʾanšê* the *milḥāmāh* from *qereb* the *maḥăneh* as that *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to them", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days", "*hālakʾnū*": "qal perfect 1st person plural - we walked", "*qādēš barnēaʿ*": "proper noun - Kadesh-barnea", "*ʿābarnū*": "qal perfect 1st person plural - we crossed over", "*naḥal*": "noun masculine singular construct - valley/brook of", "*zered*": "proper noun - Zered", "*šelōšîm*": "cardinal number - thirty", "*šemōneh*": "cardinal number - eight", "*šānāh*": "noun feminine singular - year", "*tōm*": "qal infinitive construct - finishing/completing", "*dôr*": "noun masculine singular - generation", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun feminine singular - war", "*qereb*": "noun masculine singular construct - midst of", "*maḥăneh*": "noun masculine singular - camp", "*nišbaʿ*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - swore", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*yāmîm*": "days/time/period", "*hālakʾnū*": "walked/went/traveled", "*ʿābarnū*": "crossed over/passed through/traversed", "*šānāh*": "year/period of time", "*tōm*": "completion/end/finishing", "*dôr*": "generation/age/period", "*ʾanšê*": "men/people/persons", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/fighting", "*qereb*": "midst/inner part/among", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment/company", "*nišbaʿ*": "swore/promised under oath/took an oath" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהַיָּמִ֞ים אֲשֶׁר־הָלַ֣כְנוּ ׀ מִקָּדֵ֣שׁ בַּרְנֵ֗עַ עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־עָבַ֙רְנוּ֙ אֶת־נַ֣חַל זֶ֔רֶד שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַדּ֜וֹר אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ מִקֶּ֣רֶב הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נִשְׁבַּ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה לָהֶֽם׃

Transliteration

And the yāmîm that-hālakʾnū from qādēš barnēaʿ until that-ʿābarnū ʾet-naḥal zered šelōšîm and šemōneh šānāh until-tōm all-the dôr ʾanšê the milḥāmāh from qereb the maḥăneh as that nišbaʿ YHWH to them

Grammar Details

• *yāmîm*: noun masculine plural - days
• *hālakʾnū*: qal perfect 1st person plural - we walked
• *qādēš barnēaʿ*: proper noun - Kadesh-barnea
• *ʿābarnū*: qal perfect 1st person plural - we crossed over
• *naḥal*: noun masculine singular construct - valley/brook of
• *zered*: proper noun - Zered
• *šelōšîm*: cardinal number - thirty
• *šemōneh*: cardinal number - eight
• *šānāh*: noun feminine singular - year
• *tōm*: qal infinitive construct - finishing/completing
• *dôr*: noun masculine singular - generation
• *ʾanšê*: noun masculine plural construct - men of
• *milḥāmāh*: noun feminine singular - war
• *qereb*: noun masculine singular construct - midst of
• *maḥăneh*: noun masculine singular - camp
• *nišbaʿ*: niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - swore
• *YHWH*: proper noun - LORD/Yahweh

Word Meanings

• *yāmîm*: days/time/period
• *hālakʾnū*: walked/went/traveled
• *ʿābarnū*: crossed over/passed through/traversed
• *šānāh*: year/period of time
• *tōm*: completion/end/finishing
• *dôr*: generation/age/period
• *ʾanšê*: men/people/persons
• *milḥāmāh*: war/battle/fighting
• *qereb*: midst/inner part/among
• *maḥăneh*: camp/encampment/company
• *nišbaʿ*: swore/promised under oath/took an oath

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  The time we traveled from Kadesh-barnea until we crossed the Zered Valley was thirty-eight years, until the entire generation of fighting men had perished from the camp, as the LORD had sworn to them.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And the space in which we came from Kash-barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were wasted out from among the host, as the LORD sware unto them.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And the time we took to come from Kadesh-barnea until we crossed the brook Zered was thirty-eight years, until all the generation of the men of war perished from the camp, as the LORD swore to them.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And the space in which we came from Kadeshbarnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, was thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were wasted out from among the host, as the LORD sware unto them.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the days{H3117} in which we came{H1980} from Kadesh-barnea,{H6947} until we were come over{H5674} the brook{H5158} Zered,{H2218} were thirty{H7970} and eight{H8083} years;{H8141} until all the generation{H1755} of the men{H582} of war{H4421} were consumed{H8552} from the midst{H7130} of the camp,{H4264} as Jehovah{H3068} sware{H7650} unto them.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the space{H3117} in which we came{H1980}{(H8804)} from Kadeshbarnea{H6947}, until we were come over{H5674}{(H8804)} the brook{H5158} Zered{H2218}, was thirty{H7970} and eight{H8083} years{H8141}; until all the generation{H1755} of the men{H582} of war{H4421} were wasted out{H8552}{(H8800)} from among{H7130} the host{H4264}, as the LORD{H3068} sware{H7650}{(H8738)} unto them.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  The space in which we came from Cades bernea vntill we were come ouer the ryuer Zared was.xxxviij. yeres: vntill all the generacion of the men of warre were wasted out of the host as the Lorde sware vnto the.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The tyme that we were goinge fro Cades Barnea, tyll we came ouer the ryuer Sared, was eight & thirtye yeares: tyll all the men of warre were waysted out of the hoost, as the LORDE sware vnto them.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The space also wherein we came from Kadesh-barnea, vntill we were come ouer the riuer Zered, was eight and thirtie yeeres, vntill all the generation of the men of warre were wasted out from among the hoste, as the Lord sware vnto them.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The space in whiche we came from Cades Barnea, vntill we were come ouer the riuer Zared, was thirtie and eyght yeres, vntyll all the generation of the men of warre were wasted out from a mong the hoast, as the Lorde sware vnto them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And the space in which we came from Kadeshbarnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, [was] thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were wasted out from among the host, as the LORD sware unto them.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The days in which we came from Kadesh-barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, were thirty-eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the midst of the camp, as Yahweh swore to them.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `And the days which we have walked from Kadesh-Barnea until that we have passed over the brook Zered, `are' thirty and eight years, till the consumption of all the generation of the men of battle from the midst of the camp, as Jehovah hath sworn to them;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the days in which we came from Kadesh-barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, were thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the midst of the camp, as Jehovah sware unto them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the days in which we came from Kadesh-barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, were thirty and eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the midst of the camp, as Jehovah sware unto them.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Thirty-eight years had gone by from the time when we came away from Kadesh-barnea till we went over the stream Zered; by that time all the generation of the men of war among us were dead, as the Lord had said.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The days in which we came from Kadesh Barnea, until we were come over the brook Zered, were thirty-eight years; until all the generation of the men of war were consumed from the midst of the camp, as Yahweh swore to them.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Now the length of time it took for us to go from Kadesh Barnea to the crossing of Wadi Zered was thirty-eight years, time for all the military men of that generation to die, just as the LORD had vowed to them.

Referenced Verses

• Num 26:64-65 : 64 { "verseID": "Numbers.26.64", "source": "וּבְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ לֹא־הָ֣יָה אִ֔ישׁ מִפְּקוּדֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְאַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵ֑ן אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּקְד֛וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּמִדְבַּ֥ר סִינָֽי׃", "text": "*û-bəʾēlleh* not-*hāyâ* *ʾîš* from-*pəqûdê* *mōšeh* and *ʾahărōn* *ha-kōhēn*, who *pāqdû* *ʾet*-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* in *midbar* *sînay*.", "grammar": { "*û-bəʾēlleh*": "conjunction + preposition + demonstrative pronoun, plural - and among these", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he was/there was", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/anyone", "*pəqûdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - numbered ones of/census of", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ha-kōhēn*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the priest", "*pāqdû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they counted/numbered/registered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai" }, "variants": { "*pəqûdê*": "those counted by/those registered by/the census of", "*pāqdû*": "they counted/mustered/registered/enrolled" } } 65 { "verseID": "Numbers.26.65", "source": "כִּֽי־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם מ֥וֹת יָמֻ֖תוּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְלֹא־נוֹתַ֤ר מֵהֶם֙ אִ֔ישׁ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃ ס", "text": "For-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* to them, *môt* *yāmutû* in *ha-midbār*, and not-*nôtar* from them *ʾîš*, *kî ʾim*-*kālēb* *ben*-*yəpunneh* and *yəhôšuaʿ* *ben*-*nûn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*môt*": "infinitive absolute - dying", "*yāmutû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will die", "*ha-midbār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wilderness", "*nôtar*": "niphal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - was left/remained", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/anyone", "*kî ʾim*": "conjunction phrase - except/but only", "*kālēb*": "proper noun - Caleb", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*yəpunneh*": "proper noun - Jephunneh", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*nûn*": "proper noun - Nun" }, "variants": { "*môt yāmutû*": "dying they shall die/they will surely die/they must die", "*nôtar*": "remained/was left/survived" } }
• Deut 1:34-35 : 34 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.34", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־ק֣וֹל דִּבְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְצֹ֖ף וַיִּשָּׁבַ֥ע לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "And *wayyišmaʿ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*qōl* *dibrêkem*; and *wayyiqṣōp* and *wayyiššābaʿ* *lēʾmōr*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he heard", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice/sound of", "*dibrêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your words", "*wayyiqṣōp*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he was angry", "*wayyiššābaʿ*": "niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he swore", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - saying" }, "variants": { "*wayyišmaʿ*": "and he heard/listened/heeded", "*qōl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*dibrêkem*": "your words/statements/speech", "*wayyiqṣōp*": "and he became angry/was enraged/was wrathful", "*wayyiššābaʿ*": "and he swore/took an oath/pledged" } } 35 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.35", "source": "אִם־יִרְאֶ֥ה אִישׁ֙ בָּאֲנָשִׁ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה הַדּ֥וֹר הָרָ֖ע הַזֶּ֑ה אֵ֚ת הָאָ֣רֶץ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁבַּ֔עְתִּי לָתֵ֖ת לַאֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "If *yirʾeh* *ʾîš* among *hāʾănāšîm* *hāʾēlleh*, *haddōr* *hārāʿ* *hazzeh*, *ʾēt* *hāʾāreṣ* *haṭṭōbāh* which *nišbaʿtî* to *lātēt* to your *ʾăbōtêkem*.", "grammar": { "*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will see", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*hāʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the men", "*hāʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective, plural - these", "*haddōr*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the generation", "*hārāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil/bad", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land", "*haṭṭōbāh*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the good", "*nišbaʿtî*": "niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I swore", "*lātēt*": "qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾăbōtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers" }, "variants": { "*yirʾeh*": "he will see/perceive/experience", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/anyone", "*haddōr*": "generation/age/period", "*hārāʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*haṭṭōbāh*": "good/pleasant/favorable", "*nišbaʿtî*": "I swore/took an oath/pledged", "*ʾăbōtêkem*": "your fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } }
• Num 13:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Numbers.13.26", "source": "וַיֵּלְכ֡וּ וַיָּבֹאוּ֩ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֧ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶל־מִדְבַּ֥ר פָּארָ֖ן קָדֵ֑שָׁה וַיָּשִׁ֨יבוּ אוֹתָ֤ם דָּבָר֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה וַיַּרְא֖וּם אֶת־פְּרִ֥י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wa-yēləkû* *wa-yābōʾû* *ʾel*-*mōšeh* *wə-ʾel*-*ʾahărōn* *wə-ʾel*-*kol*-*ʿădat* *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʾel*-*midbar* *pāʾrān* *qādēšâ* *wa-yāšîbû* *ʾôtām* *dābār* *wə-ʾet*-*kol*-*hā-ʿēdâ* *wa-yarʾûm* *ʾet*-*pərî* *hā-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēləkû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*wa-yābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʿădat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - congregation of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*pāʾrān*": "proper noun - Paran", "*qādēšâ*": "proper noun + directional heh - to Kadesh", "*wa-yāšîbû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they brought back", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/report", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hā-ʿēdâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the congregation", "*wa-yarʾûm*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they showed them", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pərî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land" }, "variants": { "*ʿădat*": "congregation/assembly/community", "*yāšîbû*": "brought back/returned/answered", "*dābār*": "word/report/matter", "*yarʾûm*": "showed them/caused them to see" } }
• Deut 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.2", "source": "אַחַ֨ד עָשָׂ֥ר יוֹם֙ מֵֽחֹרֵ֔ב דֶּ֖רֶךְ הַר־שֵׂעִ֑יר עַ֖ד קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ", "text": "Eleven *yôm* from-*ḥōrēḇ* *dereḵ* *har*-*śēʿîr* unto *qādēš barnēaʿ*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*ḥōrēḇ*": "proper noun with prefix מֵֽ (from) - Horeb", "*dereḵ*": "construct state - way/path of", "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*śēʿîr*": "proper noun - Seir", "*qādēš barnēaʿ*": "proper noun - Kadesh-barnea" }, "variants": { "*dereḵ*": "way/path/route/journey", "*har*": "mountain/hill/hill country" } }
• Deut 1:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.19", "source": "וַנִּסַּ֣ע מֵחֹרֵ֗ב וַנֵּ֡לֶךְ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הַמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַגָּדוֹל֩ וְהַנּוֹרָ֨א הַה֜וּא אֲשֶׁ֣ר רְאִיתֶ֗ם דֶּ֚רֶךְ הַ֣ר הֽ͏ָאֱמֹרִ֔י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֛ה יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ אֹתָ֑נוּ וַנָּבֹ֕א עַ֖ד קָדֵ֥שׁ בַּרְנֵֽעַ", "text": "And-*nissa'* from-*Ḥōrēb* and-*nēlek* *ʾēt* all-the-*midbār* the-*gādôl* and-the-*nôrā'* the-*hû'* which *rəʾîtem*, *derek* *har* the-*ʾĕmōrî*, as-which *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* *ʾōtānû*; and-*nābō'* until *Qādēš Barnēa'*.", "grammar": { "*nissa'*": "1st person plural imperfect consecutive, qal form of *ns'* - 'journey/set out'", "*Ḥōrēb*": "proper noun - geographical location", "*nēlek*": "1st person plural imperfect consecutive, qal form of *hlk* - 'go/walk'", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'wilderness/desert'", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - 'great/large'", "*nôrā'*": "niphal participle masculine singular with definite article - 'fearful/terrible'", "*hû'*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun with definite article - 'that'", "*rəʾîtem*": "2nd person masculine plural perfect, qal form of *r'h* - 'see'", "*derek*": "construct form - 'way of/path of'", "*har*": "construct form - 'mountain of'", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun with definite article - 'the Amorite'", "*ṣiwwāh*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect, piel form of *ṣwh* - 'command'", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - 'our God'", "*ʾōtānû*": "direct object marker with 1st person plural suffix - 'us'", "*nābō'*": "1st person plural imperfect consecutive, qal form of *bw'* - 'come/arrive'", "*Qādēš Barnēa'*": "proper noun - geographical location" }, "variants": { "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*nôrā'*": "fearful/terrible/awesome/dreadful", "*derek*": "way/path/road/journey", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "Amorite/Amorites (people group)", "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordered/instructed" } }
• Ps 95:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.95.11", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥עְתִּי בְאַפִּ֑י אִם־יְ֝בֹא֗וּן אֶל־מְנוּחָתִֽי", "text": "*ʾăšer*-*nišbaʿtî* in-my-*ʾap* if-*yĕbōʾûn* to-my-*mĕnûḥâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*nišbaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular, niphal - I swore", "*ʾap*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition bet - in my anger", "*yĕbōʾûn*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, qal with paragogic nun (oath formula) - they shall enter", "*mĕnûḥâ*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition el - to my rest" }, "variants": { "*ʾăšer*": "which/that/when", "*nišbaʿtî*": "I swore/I took an oath", "*ʾap*": "anger/nose/face", "*yĕbōʾûn*": "they shall enter/they shall come (in negative oath: they shall not enter)", "*mĕnûḥâ*": "rest/resting place/comfort" } }
• Ezek 20:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.15", "source": "וְגַם־אֲנִ֗י נָשָׂ֧אתִי יָדִ֛י לָהֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר לְבִלְתִּי֩ הָבִ֨יא אוֹתָ֜ם אֶל־הָאָ֣רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־נָתַ֗תִּי זָבַ֤ת חָלָב֙ וּדְבַ֔שׁ צְבִ֥י הִ֖יא לְכָל־הָאֲרָצֽוֹת", "text": "And also *ʾănî* *nāśāʾtî* *yādî* to them in the *midbar*, to not *hābîʾ* them to the *ʾāreṣ* which *nātattî*, *zābat ḥālāb* and *dəbaš*, *ṣəbî* *hîʾ* to all the *ʾărāṣôt*", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction, connective - and", "*gam*": "adverb - also, moreover", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I lifted/raised", "*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ba-midbar*": "preposition with definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*ləbiltî*": "preposition + negative particle - to not, so as not to", "*hābîʾ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾel-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which, that", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I gave", "*zābat*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - flowing with", "*ḥālāb*": "noun, masculine singular - milk", "*û-dəbaš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and honey", "*ṣəbî*": "noun, masculine singular - glory, beauty", "*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - it (is)", "*lə-kāl-hāʾărāṣôt*": "preposition + construct noun + definite article + noun, feminine plural - to all the lands" }, "variants": { "*nāśāʾtî yādî*": "lifted my hand (idiom for swearing an oath)", "*midbar*": "wilderness, desert, uninhabited land", "*zābat ḥālāb û-dəbaš*": "flowing with milk and honey (idiom for fertile land)", "*ṣəbî*": "glory, beauty, ornament, gazelle" } }
• 1 Cor 10:5 : 5 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.5", "source": "Ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἐν τοῖς πλείοσιν αὐτῶν εὐδόκησεν ὁ Θεός: κατεστρώθησαν γὰρ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ.", "text": "*All'* not with the *pleiosin* of them *eudokēsen* the *Theos*: *katestrōthēsan* *gar* in the *erēmō*", "grammar": { "*All'*": "strong adversative particle - but/however", "*pleiosin*": "dative, masculine, plural, comparative - more/greater number", "*eudokēsen*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person singular - was pleased/took pleasure in", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*katestrōthēsan*": "aorist passive, 3rd person plural - they were scattered/overthrown/cast down", "*gar*": "explanatory particle - for/because", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*pleiosin*": "most/majority/greater part", "*eudokēsen*": "was pleased with/took pleasure in/was favorable to", "*katestrōthēsan*": "were overthrown/scattered/fell dead/were strewn about", "*erēmō*": "wilderness/desert/desolate place" } }
• Heb 3:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.8", "source": "Μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ, κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ:", "text": "*Mē* *sklērynēte* the *kardias* of you, *hōs* in the *parapikrasmō*, *kata* the *hēmeran* of the *peirasmou* in the *erēmō*:", "grammar": { "*Mē*": "negative particle with subjunctive - not/do not", "*sklērynēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might harden", "*kardias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*hōs*": "adverb - as/like", "*parapikrasmō*": "dative, masculine, singular - provocation/rebellion/embitterment", "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - during/according to", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*peirasmou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of testing/temptation", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*Mē*": "not/do not", "*sklērynēte*": "harden/make stubborn/make insensitive", "*kardias*": "hearts/inner selves/minds", "*parapikrasmō*": "provocation/rebellion/bitter contention", "*kata*": "during/at/according to", "*peirasmou*": "testing/temptation/trial", "*erēmō*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited region" } } 9 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.9", "source": "Οὗ ἐπείρασαν με οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν, ἐδοκιμασάν με, καὶ εἶδον τὰ ἔργα μου", "text": "Where *epeirasan* me the *pateres* of you, *edokimasan* me, and *eidon* the *erga* of me", "grammar": { "*Οὗ*": "relative adverb - where/when", "*epeirasan*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person plural - they tested/tempted", "*pateres*": "nominative, masculine, plural - fathers/ancestors", "*edokimasan*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person plural - they proved/tested", "*eidon*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person plural - they saw", "*erga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds" }, "variants": { "*Οὗ*": "where/when/in which place", "*epeirasan*": "tested/tempted/tried", "*pateres*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*edokimasan*": "tested/proved/examined", "*eidon*": "saw/observed/perceived", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions" } } 10 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.10", "source": "τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη. ⋄Διὸ προσώχθισα τῇ γενεᾷ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ εἶπον, Ἀεὶ πλανῶνται τῇ καρδίᾳ· αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰς ὁδούς μου.", "text": "*tessarakonta* *etē*. *Dio* *prosōchthisa* the *genea* *ekeinē*, and *eipon*, *Aei* *planōntai* the *kardia*; *autoi* *de* not *egnōsan* the *hodous* of me.", "grammar": { "*tessarakonta*": "numeral - forty", "*etē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - years", "*Dio*": "conjunction - therefore/for this reason", "*prosōchthisa*": "aorist indicative, 1st person singular - I was displeased/angry", "*genea*": "dative, feminine, singular - generation", "*ekeinē*": "demonstrative pronoun, dative, feminine, singular - that", "*eipon*": "aorist indicative, 1st person singular - I said", "*Aei*": "adverb - always/continually", "*planōntai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they are led astray/wander", "*kardia*": "dative, feminine, singular - heart", "*autoi*": "personal pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - they", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*egnōsan*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person plural - they knew", "*hodous*": "accusative, feminine, plural - ways/roads/paths" }, "variants": { "*etē*": "years/periods of time", "*Dio*": "therefore/for this reason/wherefore", "*prosōchthisa*": "was angry with/was displeased with/was provoked", "*genea*": "generation/age/race", "*eipon*": "said/spoke/declared", "*Aei*": "always/continually/constantly", "*planōntai*": "go astray/wander/are deceived", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*egnōsan*": "knew/understood/recognized", "*hodous*": "ways/paths/roads/manner of life" } } 11 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.11", "source": "Ὡς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου, Εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου.)", "text": "*Hōs* *ōmosa* in the *orgē* of me, *Ei* *eiseleusontai* into the *katapausin* of me.)", "grammar": { "*Hōs*": "adverb - as/so that", "*ōmosa*": "aorist indicative, 1st person singular - I swore", "*orgē*": "dative, feminine, singular - anger/wrath", "*Ei*": "conditional particle (in oaths, negative meaning) - not/surely not", "*eiseleusontai*": "future indicative, 3rd person plural - they will enter", "*katapausin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - rest/resting place" }, "variants": { "*Hōs*": "as/so that/just as", "*ōmosa*": "swore/took an oath", "*orgē*": "anger/wrath/indignation", "*Ei*": "in Hebraic oath formula 'Ei' means 'They shall not' (not 'if')", "*eiseleusontai*": "will enter/shall come into", "*katapausin*": "rest/resting place/cessation from labor" } } 12 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.12", "source": "Βλέπετε, ἀδελφοί, μήποτε ἔσται ἔν τινι ὑμῶν καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας, ἐν τῷ ἀποστῆναι ἀπὸ Θεοῦ ζῶντος.", "text": "*Blepete*, *adelphoi*, *mēpote* *estai* in *tini* of you *kardia* *ponēra* *apistias*, in the *apostēnai* from *Theou* *zōntos*.", "grammar": { "*Blepete*": "present imperative, 2nd person plural - see/take heed/beware", "*adelphoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*mēpote*": "conjunction - lest/perhaps/that not", "*estai*": "future indicative, 3rd person singular - will be", "*tini*": "indefinite pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - anyone/someone", "*kardia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - heart", "*ponēra*": "nominative, feminine, singular - evil/wicked", "*apistias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of unbelief/faithlessness", "*apostēnai*": "aorist infinitive - to depart/withdraw", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*zōntos*": "present participle, genitive, masculine, singular - living" }, "variants": { "*Blepete*": "take heed/beware/see to it", "*adelphoi*": "brothers/siblings/brethren", "*mēpote*": "lest/in case/that not", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*ponēra*": "evil/wicked/malicious", "*apistias*": "unbelief/unfaithfulness/lack of trust", "*apostēnai*": "to depart/withdraw/fall away", "*zōntos*": "living/alive/life-giving" } } 13 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.13", "source": "Ἀλλὰ παρακαλεῖτε ἑαυτοὺς καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν, ἄχρις οὗ τὸ Σήμερον καλεῖται· ἵνα μὴ σκληρυνθῇ τις ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας.", "text": "*Alla* *parakaleite* *heautous* *kath' hekastēn* *hēmeran*, *achris hou* the *Sēmeron* *kaleitai*; *hina* *mē* *sklērynthē* *tis* from you *apatē* of the *hamartias*.", "grammar": { "*Alla*": "adversative conjunction - but/rather", "*parakaleite*": "present imperative, 2nd person plural - exhort/encourage", "*heautous*": "reflexive pronoun, accusative, masculine, plural - yourselves/one another", "*kath' hekastēn*": "preposition + adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - according to each", "*hēmeran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - day", "*achris hou*": "conjunction phrase - until which/as long as", "*Sēmeron*": "adverb used as noun - Today", "*kaleitai*": "present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is called/named", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*sklērynthē*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might be hardened", "*tis*": "indefinite pronoun, nominative, masculine, singular - anyone/someone", "*apatē*": "dative, feminine, singular - by deceit/deception", "*hamartias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of sin" }, "variants": { "*Alla*": "but/rather/on the contrary", "*parakaleite*": "encourage/exhort/comfort", "*heautous*": "yourselves/one another/each other", "*kath' hekastēn*": "each/daily/every", "*hēmeran*": "day/daytime", "*achris hou*": "until/as long as/while", "*kaleitai*": "is called/named/designated", "*hina*": "so that/in order that/that", "*sklērynthē*": "be hardened/become stubborn/grow insensitive", "*apatē*": "deceit/deception/delusion", "*hamartias*": "sin/wrongdoing/missing the mark" } } 14 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.14", "source": "Μέτοχοι γὰρ γεγόναμεν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐάνπερ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς ὑποστάσεως μέχρι τέλους βεβαίαν κατάσχωμεν·", "text": "*Metochoi* *gar* *gegonamen* of the *Christou*, *eanper* the *archēn* of the *hypostaseōs* *mechri* *telous* *bebaian* *kataschōmen*;", "grammar": { "*Metochoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - partakers/participants", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*gegonamen*": "perfect indicative, 1st person plural - we have become", "*Christou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Christ", "*eanper*": "conditional conjunction - if indeed/if only", "*archēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - beginning/foundation", "*hypostaseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of assurance/confidence/substance", "*mechri*": "preposition + genitive - until/as far as", "*telous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - end/conclusion", "*bebaian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - firm/steadfast", "*kataschōmen*": "aorist subjunctive, 1st person plural - we might hold fast" }, "variants": { "*Metochoi*": "partakers/participants/partners", "*gegonamen*": "have become/have been made", "*eanper*": "if indeed/if truly/provided that", "*archēn*": "beginning/starting point/foundation", "*hypostaseōs*": "assurance/confidence/substance/essence/reality", "*mechri*": "until/as far as/up to", "*telous*": "end/completion/goal", "*bebaian*": "firm/steadfast/secure", "*kataschōmen*": "hold fast/maintain firmly/keep secure" } } 15 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.15", "source": "Ἐν τῷ λέγεσθαι, Σήμερον ἐὰν τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ἀκούσητε, μὴ σκληρύνητε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν, ὡς ἐν τῷ παραπικρασμῷ.", "text": "In the *legesthai*, *Sēmeron* *ean* the *phōnēs* of him *akousēte*, *mē* *sklērynēte* the *kardias* of you, *hōs* in the *parapikrasmō*.", "grammar": { "*legesthai*": "present passive infinitive - to be said/spoken", "*Sēmeron*": "adverb - today/this day", "*ean*": "conditional conjunction - if", "*phōnēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of voice/sound", "*akousēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might hear", "*mē*": "negative particle with subjunctive - not/do not", "*sklērynēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might harden", "*kardias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*hōs*": "adverb - as/like", "*parapikrasmō*": "dative, masculine, singular - provocation/rebellion" }, "variants": { "*legesthai*": "to be said/to be spoken/to be told", "*Sēmeron*": "today/this day/now", "*phōnēs*": "voice/sound/utterance", "*akousēte*": "hear/listen to/heed", "*sklērynēte*": "harden/make stubborn/make insensitive", "*kardias*": "hearts/inner selves/minds", "*parapikrasmō*": "provocation/rebellion/bitter contention" } } 16 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.16", "source": "Τίνες γὰρ, ἀκούσαντες, παρεπίκραναν: ἀλλʼ οὐ πάντες οἱ ἐξελθόντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου διὰ Μωϋσέως.", "text": "*Tines* *gar*, *akousantes*, *parepikranan*: *all'* not *pantes* the ones *exelthontes* from *Aigyptou* *dia* *Mōyseōs*.", "grammar": { "*Tines*": "interrogative pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - who?/which ones?", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*akousantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having heard", "*parepikranan*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person plural - they provoked/rebelled", "*all'*": "adversative conjunction - but", "*pantes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - all", "*exelthontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having gone out/departed", "*Aigyptou*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Egypt", "*dia*": "preposition + genitive - through/by means of", "*Mōyseōs*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Moses" }, "variants": { "*Tines*": "who?/which ones?/who were they?", "*akousantes*": "having heard/when they heard", "*parepikranan*": "provoked/rebelled/embittered", "*pantes*": "all/everyone/the whole group", "*exelthontes*": "having gone out/departed/having exited", "*dia*": "through/by means of/with the help of" } } 17 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.17", "source": "Τίσιν δὲ προσώχθισεν τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη; οὐχὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήσασιν, ὧν τὰ κῶλα ἔπεσεν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ;", "text": "With *tisin* *de* *prosōchthisen* *tessarakonta* *etē*? *ouchi* with the ones *hamartēsasin*, of whom the *kōla* *epesen* in the *erēmō*?", "grammar": { "*tisin*": "interrogative pronoun, dative, masculine, plural - with whom?", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*prosōchthisen*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person singular - he was displeased/angry", "*tessarakonta*": "numeral - forty", "*etē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - years", "*ouchi*": "negative interrogative particle - not?", "*hamartēsasin*": "aorist active participle, dative, masculine, plural - with those who sinned", "*kōla*": "nominative, neuter, plural - bodies/limbs/corpses", "*epesen*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person singular - fell", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*tisin*": "with whom?/against whom?/toward whom?", "*prosōchthisen*": "was angry/was displeased/was provoked", "*etē*": "years/periods of time", "*ouchi*": "not?/wasn't it?/was it not?", "*hamartēsasin*": "those who sinned/those who did wrong", "*kōla*": "bodies/corpses/limbs", "*epesen*": "fell/dropped/lay down", "*erēmō*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited place" } } 18 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.18", "source": "Τίσιν δὲ ὤμοσεν μὴ εἰσελεύσεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ, εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἀπειθήσασιν;", "text": "To *tisin* *de* *ōmosen* *mē* *eiseleusesthai* into the *katapausin* of him, *ei mē* to the ones *apeithēsasin*?", "grammar": { "*tisin*": "interrogative pronoun, dative, masculine, plural - to whom?", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*ōmosen*": "aorist indicative, 3rd person singular - he swore", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*eiseleusesthai*": "future infinitive - to enter", "*katapausin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - rest/resting place", "*ei mē*": "exceptive phrase - except/if not", "*apeithēsasin*": "aorist active participle, dative, masculine, plural - to those who disobeyed" }, "variants": { "*tisin*": "to whom?/for whom?/against whom?", "*ōmosen*": "swore/took an oath", "*eiseleusesthai*": "to enter/to go into", "*katapausin*": "rest/resting place/cessation from labor", "*ei mē*": "except/if not/but only", "*apeithēsasin*": "those who disobeyed/those who were unbelieving/those who rebelled" } } 19 { "verseID": "Hebrews.3.19", "source": "Καὶ βλέπομεν ὅτι οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν εἰσελθεῖν διʼ ἀπιστίαν.", "text": "And *blepomen* that not *ēdynēthēsan* *eiselthein* *di'* *apistian*.", "grammar": { "*blepomen*": "present indicative, 1st person plural - we see", "*ēdynēthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they were able", "*eiselthein*": "aorist infinitive - to enter", "*di'*": "preposition + accusative - because of/through", "*apistian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - unbelief/faithlessness" }, "variants": { "*blepomen*": "we see/we observe/we perceive", "*ēdynēthēsan*": "they were able/they could/they had power", "*eiselthein*": "to enter/to go in", "*di'*": "because of/through/on account of", "*apistian*": "unbelief/lack of faith/unfaithfulness" } }
• Jude 1:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Jude.1.5", "source": "Ὑπομνῆσαι δὲ ὑμᾶς βούλομαι, εἰδότας ὑμᾶς ἅπαξ τοῦτο, ὅτι ὁ Κύριος, λαὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου σώσας, τὸ δεύτερον τοὺς μὴ πιστεύσαντας ἀπώλεσεν.", "text": "*Hypomnēsai de hymas boulomai*, *eidotas hymas hapax touto*, that the *Kyrios*, *laon ek gēs Aigyptou sōsas*, *to deuteron tous mē pisteusantas apōlesen*.", "grammar": { "*Hypomnēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to remind", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*hymas*": "accusative, plural - you", "*boulomai*": "present middle indicative, 1st person singular - I wish/desire", "*eidotas*": "perfect active participle, accusative, masculine, plural - knowing", "*hapax*": "adverb - once", "*touto*": "accusative, neuter, singular - this", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*laon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - people", "*ek gēs Aigyptou*": "prepositional phrase with genitive - out of the land of Egypt", "*sōsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having saved", "*to deuteron*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the second (time)", "*tous mē pisteusantas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - those not having believed", "*apōlesen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - destroyed" }, "variants": { "*Hypomnēsai*": "remind/call to remembrance", "*boulomai*": "wish/desire/want", "*eidotas*": "knowing/having known", "*hapax*": "once/once for all", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/Master", "*laon*": "people/nation", "*sōsas*": "saved/delivered/rescued", "*to deuteron*": "the second time/afterward/subsequently", "*pisteusantas*": "having believed/trusted", "*apōlesen*": "destroyed/ruined/killed" } }
• Ps 106:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.26", "source": "וַיִשָּׂ֣א יָד֣וֹ לָהֶ֑ם לְהַפִּ֥יל א֝וֹתָ֗ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wayyiśśā'* *yādō* to-them to-*ləhappîl* them in-*midbar*", "grammar": { "*wayyiśśā'*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he lifted up", "*yādō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his hand", "*ləhappîl*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to make fall", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine, singular - wilderness" }, "variants": { "*wayyiśśā'*": "and he lifted up/raised/swore (by raising hand)", "*yādō*": "his hand/power/strength", "*ləhappîl*": "to make fall/cause to fall/overthrow", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } }
• Num 14:28-35 : 28 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.28", "source": "אֱמֹ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם חַי־אָ֙נִי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה אִם־לֹ֕א כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּרְתֶּ֖ם בְּאָזְנָ֑י כֵּ֖ן אֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾĕmōr ʾălēhem ḥay-ʾănî nəʾum-YHWH ʾim-lōʾ kaʾăšer dibbartem bəʾoznāy kēn ʾeʿĕśeh lākem*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕmōr*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal form of *ʾmr* - say", "*ʾălēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ḥay*": "masculine singular adjective - living/alive", "*ʾănî*": "1st singular personal pronoun - I", "*nəʾum*": "masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional particle + negative (oath formula for affirmative statement) - surely", "*kaʾăšer*": "compound preposition - according to what/as", "*dibbartem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Piel form of *dbr* - you have spoken", "*bəʾoznāy*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 1st singular suffix - in my ears", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "imperfect, 1st singular, Qal form of *ʿśh* - I will do", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕmōr ʾălēhem*": "say to them/tell them", "*ḥay-ʾănî nəʾum-YHWH*": "as I live, says YHWH/as surely as I live, declaration of YHWH", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "surely/certainly/indeed (oath formula)", "*kaʾăšer dibbartem bəʾoznāy*": "as you have spoken in my ears/just as you have said in my hearing", "*kēn ʾeʿĕśeh lākem*": "so will I do to you/thus I will act toward you" } } 29 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.29", "source": "בַּמִּדְבָּ֣ר הַ֠זֶּה יִפְּל֨וּ פִגְרֵיכֶ֜ם וְכָל־פְּקֻדֵיכֶם֙ לְכָל־מִסְפַּרְכֶ֔ם מִבֶּ֛ן עֶשְׂרִ֥ים שָׁנָ֖ה וָמָ֑עְלָה אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֲלִֽינֹתֶ֖ם עָלָֽי׃", "text": "*bammidbār hazzeh yippəlû pigrêkem wə-kol-pəqudêkem lə-kol-misparkem mibben ʿeśrîm šānāh wāmāʿlāh ʾăšer hălînōtem ʿālāy*", "grammar": { "*bammidbār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the wilderness", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*yippəlû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal form of *npl* - they will fall", "*pigrêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your corpses", "*wə-kol*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and all of", "*pəqudêkem*": "masculine plural passive participle + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your numbered ones", "*lə-kol*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - according to all of", "*misparkem*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your count/number", "*mibben*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from son of", "*ʿeśrîm*": "cardinal number - twenty", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*wāmāʿlāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and upward", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*hălînōtem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Hiphil form of *lwn* - you have murmured", "*ʿālāy*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - against me" }, "variants": { "*yippəlû pigrêkem*": "your carcasses shall fall/your dead bodies will fall/your corpses will drop", "*pəqudêkem*": "your numbered ones/those who were counted/those registered", "*lə-kol-misparkem*": "according to your whole number/by your full count", "*mibben ʿeśrîm šānāh wāmāʿlāh*": "from twenty years old and upward/from the age of twenty and above", "*hălînōtem ʿālāy*": "you have murmured against me/you have complained against me" } } 30 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.30", "source": "אִם־אַתֶּם֙ תָּבֹ֣אוּ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לְשַׁכֵּ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בָּ֑הּ כִּ֚י אִם־כָּלֵ֣ב בֶּן־יְפֻנֶּ֔ה וִיהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בִּן־נֽוּן׃", "text": "*ʾim-ʾattem tābōʾû ʾel-hāʾāreṣ ʾăšer nāśāʾtî ʾet-yādî ləšakkēn ʾetkem bāh kî ʾim-kālēb ben-yəpunneh wîhôšuaʿ bin-nûn*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conditional particle (in negative oath) - if", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural personal pronoun - you", "*tābōʾû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *bwʾ* - you will come/enter", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*nāśāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Qal form of *nśʾ* - I lifted up", "*ʾet-yādî*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*ləšakkēn*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct of *škn* - to settle/cause to dwell", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*kî ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - but/except", "*kālēb*": "proper noun - Caleb", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*yəpunneh*": "proper noun - Jephunneh", "*wîhôšuaʿ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Joshua", "*bin*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*nûn*": "proper noun - Nun" }, "variants": { "*ʾim-ʾattem tābōʾû*": "you shall not enter/you will not come (oath formula)", "*nāśāʾtî ʾet-yādî*": "I lifted up my hand/I swore (gesture of oath-taking)", "*ləšakkēn ʾetkem bāh*": "to cause you to dwell in it/to settle you in it/to have you inhabit it", "*kî ʾim*": "except/but only" } } 31 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.31", "source": "וְטַ֨פְּכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֲמַרְתֶּ֖ם לָבַ֣ז יִהְיֶ֑ה וְהֵבֵיאתִ֣י אֹתָ֔ם וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מְאַסְתֶּ֖ם בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*wə-ṭappəkem ʾăšer ʾămartem lābaz yihyeh wəhēbêʾtî ʾōtām wəyādəʿû ʾet-hāʾāreṣ ʾăšer məʾastem bāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ṭappəkem*": "conjunction + masculine singular collective noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - and your little ones", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom/that", "*ʾămartem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *ʾmr* - you said", "*lābaz*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for plunder", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal form of *hyh* - he/it will be", "*wəhēbêʾtî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st singular, Hiphil form of *bwʾ* - and I will bring", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*wəyādəʿû*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd plural, Qal form of *ydʿ* - and they will know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*məʾastem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *mʾs* - you rejected", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*ṭappəkem*": "your little ones/your children/your small children", "*lābaz yihyeh*": "would become plunder/will be prey/will be victims", "*wəhēbêʾtî*": "I will bring/I shall lead in", "*wəyādəʿû*": "and they will know/they shall experience/they will be acquainted with", "*məʾastem bāh*": "you have rejected/despised/refused" } } 32 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.32", "source": "וּפִגְרֵיכֶ֖ם אַתֶּ֑ם יִפְּל֖וּ בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*û-pigrêkem ʾattem yippəlû bammidbār hazzeh*", "grammar": { "*û-pigrêkem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - and your corpses", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural personal pronoun - you", "*yippəlû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal form of *npl* - they will fall", "*bammidbār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the wilderness", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*û-pigrêkem ʾattem*": "but as for you, your corpses/your carcasses, even yours", "*yippəlû*": "shall fall/will drop/will lie dead", "*bammidbār hazzeh*": "in this wilderness/in this desert" } } 33 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.33", "source": "וּ֠בְנֵיכֶם יִהְי֨וּ רֹעִ֤ים בַּמִּדְבָּר֙ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אֶת־זְנוּתֵיכֶ֑ם עַד־תֹּ֥ם פִּגְרֵיכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*û-bənêkem yihyû rōʿîm bammidbār ʾarbāʿîm šānāh wənāśəʾû ʾet-zənûtêkem ʿad-tōm pigrêkem bammidbār*", "grammar": { "*û-bənêkem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - and your sons", "*yihyû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, Qal form of *hyh* - they will be", "*rōʿîm*": "masculine plural participle, Qal form of *rʿh* - shepherds/wandering", "*bammidbār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the wilderness", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*wənāśəʾû*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd plural, Qal form of *nśʾ* - and they will bear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zənûtêkem*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your harlotries/unfaithfulness", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*tōm*": "masculine singular construct - completion of", "*pigrêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your corpses", "*bammidbār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/wandering/moving about as nomads", "*wənāśəʾû ʾet-zənûtêkem*": "and shall bear your unfaithfulness/will carry your infidelities/will suffer for your prostitutions", "*zənûtêkem*": "your harlotries/your unfaithfulness/your infidelities", "*ʿad-tōm pigrêkem*": "until the completion of your corpses/until your carcasses are consumed/until your dead bodies perish" } } 34 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.34", "source": "בְּמִסְפַּ֨ר הַיָּמִ֜ים אֲשֶׁר־תַּרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־הָאָרֶץ֮ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יוֹם֒ י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֞ה י֣וֹם לַשָּׁנָ֗ה תִּשְׂאוּ֙ אֶת־עֲוֺנֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־תְּנוּאָתִֽי׃", "text": "*bəmispar hayyāmîm ʾăšer-tartem ʾet-hāʾāreṣ ʾarbāʿîm yôm yôm laššānāh yôm laššānāh tiśʾû ʾet-ʿăwōnōtêkem ʾarbāʿîm šānāh wîdaʿtem ʾet-tənûʾātî*", "grammar": { "*bəmispar*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - by number of", "*hayyāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the days", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*tartem*": "perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *twr* - you spied out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*yôm laššānāh*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - day for the year", "*yôm laššānāh*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - day for the year", "*tiśʾû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *nśʾ* - you will bear", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your iniquities", "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*wîdaʿtem*": "conjunction + perfect, 2nd masculine plural, Qal form of *ydʿ* - and you will know", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*tənûʾātî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my opposition/alienation" }, "variants": { "*bəmispar hayyāmîm*": "according to the number of days/by the count of days", "*tartem*": "you spied out/you explored/you searched", "*yôm laššānāh yôm laššānāh*": "a day for a year, a day for a year (repetition for emphasis)", "*tiśʾû ʾet-ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "you shall bear your iniquities/you will carry your punishments", "*ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "your iniquities/your guilt/your punishment", "*tənûʾātî*": "my alienation/my opposition/my hostility/my rejection" } } 35 { "verseID": "Numbers.14.35", "source": "אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֮ דִּבַּרְתִּי֒ אִם־לֹ֣א ׀ זֹ֣את אֽ͏ֶעֱשֶׂ֗ה לְכָל־הָעֵדָ֤ה הָֽרָעָה֙ הַזֹּ֔את הַנּוֹעָדִ֖ים עָלָ֑י בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר הַזֶּ֛ה יִתַּ֖מּוּ וְשָׁ֥ם יָמֻֽתוּ", "text": "I *YHWH* *dibbartī* if-not this *ʾeʿĕśeh* to-all-the-*ʿēdāh* the-*rāʿāh* the-this, the-*nôʿādîm* against-me; in-the-*midbār* the-this *yittammû* and-there *yāmutû*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*dibbartī*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I have spoken", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will do", "*ʿēdāh*": "feminine singular construct - congregation/assembly", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular adjective - evil/wicked", "*nôʿādîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - those who gather/assemble", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - wilderness/desert", "*yittammû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will be consumed/perish", "*yāmutû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will die" }, "variants": { "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh/Jehovah - divine name", "*dibbartī*": "spoken/declared/promised", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "do/execute/perform/fulfill", "*ʿēdāh*": "congregation/assembly/community", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wicked/harmful", "*nôʿādîm*": "assembled against/gathered together against", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*yittammû*": "be consumed/perish/come to an end", "*yāmutû*": "die/perish" } }
• Num 32:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Numbers.32.11", "source": "אִם־יִרְא֨וּ הָאֲנָשִׁ֜ים הָעֹלִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֗יִם מִבֶּ֨ן עֶשְׂרִ֤ים שָׁנָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה אֵ֚ת הָאֲדָמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר נִשְׁבַּ֛עְתִּי לְאַבְרָהָ֥ם לְיִצְחָ֖ק וּֽלְיַעֲקֹ֑ב כִּ֥י לֹא־מִלְא֖וּ אַחֲרָֽי׃", "text": "If *yir'u* the-*'anashim* the-*'olim* from-*Mitsrayim* from-son-of twenty *shanah* and-upward *'et* the-*'adamah* which *nishba'ti* to-*'Avraham* to-*Yitshaq* and-to-*Ya'aqov*; for not *mil'u* after-me.", "grammar": { "*yir'u*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will see (oath formula with 'if' = negative)", "*'anashim*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*'olim*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural - coming up/ascending", "*Mitsrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*shanah*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'adamah*": "noun, feminine singular - ground/land/soil", "*nishba'ti*": "verb, nifal perfect, 1st singular - I swore", "*'Avraham*": "proper noun - Abraham", "*Yitshaq*": "proper noun - Isaac", "*Ya'aqov*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*mil'u*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd plural - they fulfilled" }, "variants": { "*yir'u*": "see/perceive/experience (with oath formula = shall surely not see)", "*'anashim*": "men/individuals/people", "*'olim*": "coming up/ascending/going up", "*shanah*": "year/age", "*'adamah*": "ground/land/soil/earth", "*nishba'ti*": "swore/took an oath/vowed", "*mil'u*": "fulfilled/completed/followed fully" } }
• Deut 1:46 : 46 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.46", "source": "וַתֵּשְׁב֥וּ בְקָדֵ֖שׁ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים כַּיָּמִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּֽם׃", "text": "And *wattēšbū* in *Qādēš* *yāmîm* *rabbîm*, like the *yāmîm* *ʾăšer* you *yəšabtem*.", "grammar": { "*wattēšbū*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 2nd person masculine plural - and you dwelled", "*Qādēš*": "proper noun - Kadesh", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*yəšabtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you dwelled" }, "variants": { "*wattēšbū*": "and you dwelled/stayed/remained", "*yāmîm*": "days/period of time", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/great", "*yəšabtem*": "you dwelled/stayed/remained" } }
• Ps 90:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.90.3", "source": "תָּשֵׁ֣ב אֱ֭נוֹשׁ עַד־דַּכָּ֑א וַ֝תֹּ֗אמֶר שׁ֣וּבוּ בְנֵי־אָדָֽם׃", "text": "You *tāšēḇ* *ʾĕnôš* to *dakkāʾ*, and you *tōʾmer* *šûḇû* *bĕnê*-*ʾāḏām*.", "grammar": { "*tāšēḇ*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you return/cause to return", "*ʾĕnôš*": "masculine singular - mankind/man", "*ʿaḏ-dakkāʾ*": "preposition + masculine singular - to dust/crushing/contrition", "*watōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you say", "*šûḇû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - return", "*bĕnê-ʾāḏām*": "masculine plural construct + proper name - sons of Adam/mankind/humans" }, "variants": { "*tāšēḇ*": "you return/you cause to return/you turn", "*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/mortals/humanity/frail humans", "*dakkāʾ*": "dust/crushing/contrition/destruction", "*šûḇû*": "return/turn back/repent", "*bĕnê-ʾāḏām*": "sons of Adam/children of mankind/humans" } }
• Ps 90:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.90.9", "source": "כִּ֣י כָל־יָ֭מֵינוּ פָּנ֣וּ בְעֶבְרָתֶ֑ךָ כִּלִּ֖ינוּ שָׁנֵ֣ינוּ כְמוֹ־הֶֽגֶה׃", "text": "For all *yāmênû* *pānû* in your *ʿeḇrāṯêḵā*; we *killînû* our *šānênû* like *hegeḥ*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḵol-yāmênû*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural + 1st plural suffix - all our days", "*pānû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - turn away/decline", "*ḇĕʿeḇrāṯêḵā*": "preposition + feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your wrath", "*killînû*": "piel perfect, 1st plural - we finish/complete/consume", "*šānênû*": "feminine plural + 1st plural suffix - our years", "*ḵĕmô-hegeḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular - like a sigh/moan/sound" }, "variants": { "*pānû*": "turn away/decline/end", "*ʿeḇrāṯêḵā*": "your wrath/your fury/your overflow of anger", "*killînû*": "we finish/we complete/we spend/we consume", "*hegeḥ*": "sigh/moan/sound/whisper/thought/meditation" } }