Ruth 4:2

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Ruth.4.2", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֞ח עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁבוּ־פֹ֑ה וַיֵּשֵֽׁבוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yiqqaḥ* ten *ʾănāšîm* from-*ziknê* the-*ʿîr* *wa-yōʾmer* *šəbû*-here *wa-yēšēbû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*ziknê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*šəbû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - sit down", "*wa-yēšēbû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they sat down" }, "variants": { "*ziknê*": "elders/older men/city officials", "*ʿîr*": "city/town/village" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּקַּ֞ח עֲשָׂרָ֧ה אֲנָשִׁ֛ים מִזִּקְנֵ֥י הָעִ֖יר וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שְׁבוּ־פֹ֑ה וַיֵּשֵֽׁבוּ׃

Transliteration

wa-yiqqaḥ ten ʾănāšîm from-ziknê the-ʿîr wa-yōʾmer šəbû-here wa-yēšēbû

Grammar Details

• *wa-yiqqaḥ*: conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took
• *ʾănāšîm*: noun, masculine plural - men
• *ziknê*: noun, masculine plural construct - elders of
• *ʿîr*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city
• *wa-yōʾmer*: conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said
• *šəbû*: Qal imperative, masculine plural - sit down
• *wa-yēšēbû*: conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they sat down

Word Meanings

• *ziknê*: elders/older men/city officials
• *ʿîr*: city/town/village

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Boaz took ten men from the elders of the city and said, 'Sit here,' and they sat down.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And he took ten men from the elders of the city and said, 'Sit down here.' And they sat down.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  & he toke ten men of the Elders of ye cite, & sayde: Syt you downe here. And they sat the downe.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then he tooke ten men of the Elders of the citie, and sayd, Sit ye downe here; they sate downe.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he toke ten men of the elders of the citie, and said: sit ye downe here. And they sat downe.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit you down here. They sat down.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And he taketh ten men of the elders of the city, and saith, `Sit down here;' and they sit down.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Then he got ten of the responsible men of the town, and said, Be seated here. And they took their seats.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He took ten men of the elders of the city, and said, "Sit down here." They sat down.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Boaz chose ten of the village leaders and said,“Sit down here!” So they sat down.

Referenced Verses

• Prov 31:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.31.23", "source": "נוֹדָ֣ע בַּשְּׁעָרִ֣ים בַּעְלָ֑הּ בְּ֝שִׁבְתּ֗וֹ עִם־זִקְנֵי־אָֽרֶץ", "text": "*nôdāʿ* *baššĕʿārîm* *baʿlāh* *bĕšibtô* *ʿim*-*ziqnê*-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*nôdāʿ*": "verb, Niphal participle masculine singular - known/recognized", "*baššĕʿārîm*": "preposition *bĕ* + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the gates", "*baʿlāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her husband", "*bĕšibtô*": "preposition *bĕ* + Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - when he sits", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ziqnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - elders of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth" }, "variants": { "*nôdāʿ*": "known/recognized/distinguished/respected", "*šĕʿārîm*": "gates/city gates (place of public assembly and judgment)", "*baʿlāh*": "her husband/lord/master", "*šibtô*": "his sitting/when he takes his seat", "*ziqnê*-*ʾāreṣ*": "elders of the land/leaders of the community" } }
• 1 Kgs 21:8 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.8", "source": "וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב סְפָרִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אַחְאָ֔ב וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּחֹתָמ֑וֹ וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח *הספרים **סְפָרִ֗ים אֶל־הַזְקֵנִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַֽחֹרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעִיר֔וֹ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים אֶת־נָבֽוֹת׃", "text": "*wa-tiktōb* *səpārîm* in-*šēm* *ʾaḥʾāb* *wa-taḥtōm* with-*ḥōtāmô* *wa-tišlaḥ* *səpārîm* to-the-*zəqēnîm* and-to-the-*ḥōrîm* who in-*ʿîrô* the-*yōšəbîm* with-*nābôt*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tiktōb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she wrote", "*səpārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - letters/documents", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*wa-taḥtōm*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she sealed", "*ḥōtāmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his seal", "*wa-tišlaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she sent", "*zəqēnîm*": "adjective/noun, masculine plural - elders", "*ḥōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - nobles/free men", "*ʿîrô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his city", "*yōšəbîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal - dwelling/living", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth" }, "variants": { "*səpārîm*": "letters/documents/scrolls", "*ḥōtāmô*": "his seal/his signet", "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/older men", "*ḥōrîm*": "nobles/free men/officials", "*yōšəbîm*": "dwelling/living/sitting" } }
• Lam 5:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Lamentations.5.14", "source": "זְקֵנִים֙ מִשַּׁ֣עַר שָׁבָ֔תוּ בַּחוּרִ֖ים מִנְּגִינָתָֽם׃", "text": "*zəqēnîm* from-*šaʿar* *šāḇāṯû*, *baḥûrîm* from-*nəḡînāṯām*", "grammar": { "*zəqēnîm*": "noun masculine plural - elders", "*šaʿar*": "noun masculine singular - gate", "*šāḇāṯû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they ceased", "*baḥûrîm*": "noun masculine plural - young men", "*nəḡînāṯām*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their music" }, "variants": { "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/old men", "*šaʿar*": "gate/entrance (place of judicial proceedings and public assembly)", "*šāḇāṯû*": "they ceased/stopped/desisted", "*nəḡînāṯām*": "their music/song/melody" } }
• Acts 6:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Acts.6.12", "source": "Συνεκίνησάν τε τὸν λαὸν, καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ τοὺς γραμματεῖς, καὶ ἐπιστάντες, συνήρπασαν αὐτόν, καὶ ἤγαγον εἰς τὸ συνέδριον,", "text": "*Synekinēsan* *te* the *laon*, and the *presbyterous*, and the *grammateis*, and *epistantes*, *synērpasan* him, and *ēgagon* to the *synedrion*,", "grammar": { "*Synekinēsan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - stirred up/incited", "*te*": "conjunction, connective - and/also", "*laon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - people", "*presbyterous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - elders", "*grammateis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - scribes", "*epistantes*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - coming upon/approaching suddenly", "*synērpasan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - seized violently/arrested", "*ēgagon*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd person, plural - led/brought", "*synedrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - council/Sanhedrin" }, "variants": { "*Synekinēsan*": "stirred up/incited/aroused", "*laon*": "people/population/nation", "*presbyterous*": "elders/older men", "*grammateis*": "scribes/writers/experts in law", "*epistantes*": "coming upon/approaching suddenly/confronting", "*synērpasan*": "seized violently/arrested/snatched", "*ēgagon*": "led/brought/took", "*synedrion*": "council/Sanhedrin/assembly" } }
• Exod 18:21-22 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.18.21", "source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה תֶחֱזֶ֣ה מִכָּל־הָ֠עָם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֜יִל יִרְאֵ֧י אֱלֹהִ֛ים אַנְשֵׁ֥י אֱמֶ֖ת שֹׂ֣נְאֵי בָ֑צַע וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ עֲלֵהֶ֗ם שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃", "text": "And-you *teḥĕzeh* from-all-*hāʿām* *ʾanšê*-*ḥayil* *yirʾê* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾanšê* *ʾĕmet* *śōnəʾê* *bāṣaʿ* *wə*-*śamtā* over-them *śārê* *ʾălāpîm* *śārê* *mēʾôt* *śārê* *ḥămiššîm* and-*śārê* *ʿăśārōt*", "grammar": { "*teḥĕzeh*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall select/see", "*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾanšê*-*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine plural construct with noun - men of ability", "*yirʾê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - fearers of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth", "*śōnəʾê*": "participle, masculine plural construct - haters of", "*bāṣaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - unjust gain", "*wə*-*śamtā*": "conjunction with perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall set", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - rulers of", "*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thousands", "*mēʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hundreds", "*ḥămiššîm*": "numeral, common plural - fifties", "*ʿăśārōt*": "noun, feminine plural - tens" }, "variants": { "*teḥĕzeh*": "select/provide/look out/see", "*ʾanšê*-*ḥayil*": "men of ability/capable men/men of valor", "*bāṣaʿ*": "unjust gain/dishonest profit/covetousness" } } 22 { "verseID": "Exodus.18.22", "source": "וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת־הָעָם֮ בְּכָל־עֵת֒ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדֹל֙ יָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְכָל־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵ֑ם וְהָקֵל֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אִתָּֽךְ׃", "text": "*wə*-*šāpəṭû* *ʾet*-*hāʿām* in-all-*ʿēt* *wə*-*hāyāh* all-*haddābār* *haggādōl* *yābîʾû* to-you and-all-*haddābār* *haqqāṭōn* *yišpəṭû*-they *wə*-*hāqēl* from-upon-you *wə*-*nāśəʾû* with-you", "grammar": { "*wə*-*šāpəṭû*": "conjunction with perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall judge", "*hāʿām*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time", "*wə*-*hāyāh*": "conjunction with perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it shall be", "*haddābār*": "article with noun, masculine singular - the matter", "*haggādōl*": "article with adjective, masculine singular - the great", "*yābîʾû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, hiphil form - they shall bring", "*haqqāṭōn*": "article with adjective, masculine singular - the small", "*yišpəṭû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall judge", "*wə*-*hāqēl*": "conjunction with imperative, masculine singular, hiphil form - and make it lighter", "*wə*-*nāśəʾû*": "conjunction with perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they shall bear" }, "variants": { "*hāqēl*": "make lighter/ease/relieve", "*nāśəʾû*": "they shall bear/carry/lift" } }
• Exod 21:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.21.8", "source": "אִם־רָעָה בְּעֵינֵי אֲדֹנֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר־לא לוֹ יְעָדָהּ וְהֶפְדָּהּ לְעַם נָכְרִי לֹא־יִמְשֹׁל לְמָכְרָהּ בְּבִגְדוֹ־בָהּ", "text": "*ʾim-rāʿāh* *bə-ʿênê* *ʾadōnêhā* *ʾasher-lô* *yəʿādāh* *wə-hephdāh* *lə-ʿam* *nokrî* *lō-yimshōl* *lə-mokrāh* *bə-bigdô-bāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾim-rāʿāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - if she is displeasing", "*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition *bə* + feminine dual construct noun - in the eyes of", "*ʾadōnêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her master", "*ʾasher-lô*": "relative pronoun + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - who for himself", "*yəʿādāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he designated her", "*wə-hephdāh*": "conjunction *wə* + hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - then he shall let her be redeemed", "*lə-ʿam*": "preposition *lə* + masculine singular noun - to a people", "*nokrî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreign", "*lō-yimshōl*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shall not have power", "*lə-mokrāh*": "preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - to sell her", "*bə-bigdô-bāh*": "preposition *bə* + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix + preposition *bə* with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in his dealing treacherously with her" }, "variants": { "*rāʿāh*": "is displeasing/is evil/is bad", "*yəʿādāh*": "designated her/appointed her/betrothed her", "*hephdāh*": "let her be redeemed/allow her redemption", "*lə-ʿam nokrî*": "to a foreign people/to strangers", "*yimshōl*": "have power/have authority/have right", "*bə-bigdô-bāh*": "in his dealing treacherously with her/in his breaking faith with her" } }
• Deut 29:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.10", "source": "טַפְּכֶ֣ם נְשֵׁיכֶ֔ם וְגֵ֣רְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֖ר בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֶ֑יךָ מֵחֹטֵ֣ב עֵצֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד שֹׁאֵ֥ב מֵימֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*Ṭappᵉḵem* *nᵉšêḵem* and-*gērḵā* that in-*qereb* *maḥăneḵā*; from-*ḥōṭēb* *ʿēṣeḵā* unto *šōʾēb* *mêmeḵā*.", "grammar": { "*Ṭappᵉḵem*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your little ones", "*nᵉšêḵem*": "noun feminine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your wives", "*gērḵā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your stranger/foreigner", "*qereb*": "noun masculine singular construct - midst of", "*maḥăneḵā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your camp", "*ḥōṭēb*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - one cutting/chopping", "*ʿēṣeḵā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your wood", "*šōʾēb*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - one drawing", "*mêmeḵā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your water" }, "variants": { "*Ṭappᵉḵem*": "your little ones/children/dependents", "*gērḵā*": "your stranger/sojourner/resident alien", "*ḥōṭēb*": "cutter/chopper/gatherer of" } }
• Deut 31:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.28", "source": "הַקְהִ֧ילוּ אֵלַ֛י אֶת־כָּל־זִקְנֵ֥י שִׁבְטֵיכֶ֖ם וְשֹׁטְרֵיכֶ֑ם וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֵ֚ת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וְאָעִ֣ידָה בָּ֔ם אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Haqhîlû* to-me *ʾet*-all-*ziqnê* *šibṭêkem* *wĕ*-*šōṭrêkem*, *wa*-*ʾădabbĕrāh* in-*ʾoznêhem* *ʾēt* the-*dĕbārîm* the-*hāʾēlleh*, *wĕ*-*ʾāʿîdāh* against-them *ʾet*-the-*haššāmayim* *wĕ*-*ʾet*-the-*hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*haqhîlû*": "hiphil imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - assemble/gather", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "substantive - all of", "*ziqnê*": "masculine plural construct noun - elders of", "*šibṭêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your tribes", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*šōṭrêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your officers", "*wa*": "consecutive conjunction", "*ʾădabbĕrāh*": "piel cohortative, 1st person singular - let me speak", "*bĕʾoznêhem*": "preposition with feminine plural noun and 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their ears", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*haddĕbārîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the words", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article with demonstrative adjective - these", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾāʿîdāh*": "hiphil cohortative, 1st person singular - let me call to witness", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article with noun - the heavens", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article with noun - the earth" }, "variants": { "*haqhîlû*": "assemble/gather/convene", "*ziqnê*": "elders/old men/leaders", "*šōṭrêkem*": "officers/officials/scribes", "*ʾădabbĕrāh*": "speak/declare/utter", "*ʾāʿîdāh*": "call to witness/testify/warn", "*bām*": "against them/with them/by them" } }