Matthew 5:21

KJV1611 – Modern English

You have heard that it was said to those of old, 'You shall not murder,' and whoever murders will be in danger of the judgment:

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

¶Ἠκούσατε ὅτι ἐρρέθη τοῖς ἀρχαίοις, Οὐ φονεύσεις· ὃς δʼ ἂν φονεύσῃ ἔνοχος ἔσται τῇ κρίσει:

Transliteration

Ēkousate that errethē to-the archaiois, Not phoneuseis; who d' an phoneusē enochos estai to-the krisei:

Grammar Details

• *Ēkousate*: aorist active indicative, 2nd person plural - you heard
• *errethē*: aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - it was said
• *archaiois*: dative masculine plural - to ancients/ancestors
• *phoneuseis*: future active indicative, 2nd person singular - you will murder
• *d'*: postpositive conjunction (contracted) - but/and
• *an*: modal particle with subjunctive - ever/possibly
• *phoneusē*: aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might murder
• *enochos*: nominative masculine singular - liable/guilty
• *estai*: future middle indicative, 3rd person singular - will be
• *krisei*: dative feminine singular - to judgment

Word Meanings

• *Ēkousate*: heard/understood/learned
• *errethē*: was said/was spoken
• *archaiois*: ancients/ancestors/those of old
• *phoneuseis*: will murder/kill
• *phoneusē*: might murder/kill
• *enochos*: liable/guilty/answerable
• *krisei*: judgment/tribunal/court

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder,’ and whoever murders will be subject to judgment.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Ye have heard{G191} that{G3754} it was said{G4483} to them of old time,{G744} Thou shalt{G5407} not{G3756} kill;{G5407} and{G1161} whosoever{G3739} shall{G302} kill{G5407} shall be{G2071} in danger{G1777} of the judgment:{G2920}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Ye have heard{G191}{(G5656)} that{G3754} it was said{G4483}{(G5681)} by them of old time{G744}, Thou shalt{G5407} not{G3756} kill{G5407}{(G5692)}; and{G1161} whosoever{G3739}{G302} shall kill{G5407}{(G5661)} shall be{G2071}{(G5704)} in danger{G1777} of the judgment{G2920}:

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Ye have herde howe it was sayd vnto the of ye olde tyme: Thou shalt not kyll. For whoso ever kylleth shall be in daunger of iudgemet.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Ye haue herde, how it was sayde to the of the olde tyme: Thou shalt not kyll. For whosoeuer kylleth, shall be in daunger of iudgement.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Ye haue heard that it was sayd vnto them of the olde time, Thou shalt not kill: for whosoeuer killeth shalbe culpable of iudgement.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Ye haue hearde, that it was sayde to them of the olde tyme, thou shalt not kyll: who so euer kylleth, shalbe in daunger of iudgement.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ ‹Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:›

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  "You have heard that it was said to the ancient ones, 'You shall not murder;' and 'Whoever shall murder shall be in danger of the judgment.'

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `Ye heard that it was said to the ancients: Thou shalt not kill, and whoever may kill shall be in danger of the judgment;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Ye have heard that it was said to them of old time, Thou shalt not kill; and whosoever shall kill shall be in danger of the judgment:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  You have knowledge that it was said in old times, You may not put to death; and, Whoever puts to death will be in danger of being judged:

• World English Bible (2000)

  "You have heard that it was said to the ancient ones, 'You shall not murder;' and 'Whoever shall murder shall be in danger of the judgment.'

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Anger and Murder“You have heard that it was said to an older generation,‘Do not murder,’ and‘whoever murders will be subjected to judgment.’

Referenced Verses

• Deut 5:17 : 17 You shall not kill.
• Exod 20:13 : 13 You shall not murder.
• Matt 5:27 : 27 You have heard that it was said to those of old, 'You shall not commit adultery:'
• Matt 5:33 : 33 Again, you have heard that it was said to those of old, 'You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform your oaths to the Lord:'
• Matt 5:43 : 43 You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.'
• Num 35:30-34 : 30 Whoever kills any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the testimony of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die. 31 Moreover you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, who is guilty of death: but he shall surely be put to death. 32 And you shall take no ransom for him that is fled to the city of his refuge, that he may return to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest. 33 So you shall not pollute the land where you are: for blood defiles the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed in it, but by the blood of him who shed it. 34 Therefore do not defile the land which you shall inhabit, where I dwell: for I the LORD dwell among the children of Israel.
• Gen 9:5-6 : 5 And surely for your blood, the blood of your lives, I will demand an account; at the hand of every beast I will demand it, and at the hand of man; at the hand of every man's brother I will demand the life of man. 6 Whoever sheds man's blood, by man his blood shall be shed; for in the image of God He made man.
• Exod 21:12-14 : 12 He who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death. 13 However, if he did not lie in wait, but God delivered him into his hand, then I will appoint a place for you where he may flee. 14 But if a man acts presumptuously against his neighbor, to kill him with guile, you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.
• Num 35:12 : 12 And they shall be for you cities for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer may not die, until he stands before the congregation in judgment.
• Num 35:16-21 : 16 And if he strikes him with an iron instrument, so that he dies, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. 17 And if he strikes him with throwing a stone, by which he may die, and he dies, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. 18 Or if he strikes him with a wooden hand weapon, by which he may die, and he dies, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death. 19 The avenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meets him, he shall slay him. 20 But if he pushes him out of hatred, or hurls at him by lying in wait so that he dies; 21 Or in enmity strikes him with his hand, so that he dies, he who struck him shall surely be put to death; for he is a murderer: the avenger of blood shall slay the murderer, when he meets him.
• Matt 5:38 : 38 You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth:'
• Deut 21:7-9 : 7 And they shall answer and say, Our hands have not shed this blood, neither have our eyes seen it. 8 Be merciful, O LORD, to Your people Israel, whom You have redeemed, and do not place innocent blood upon Your people of Israel's charge. And the blood shall be forgiven them. 9 So shall you put away the guilt of innocent blood from among you, when you do what is right in the sight of the LORD.
• 1 Kgs 2:5-6 : 5 Moreover, you know also what Joab the son of Zeruiah did to me, and what he did to the two captains of the hosts of Israel, to Abner the son of Ner, and to Amasa the son of Jether, whom he killed, and shed the blood of war in peace, and put the blood of war on his belt that was about his loins, and in his shoes on his feet. 6 Do therefore according to your wisdom, and do not let his gray head go down to the grave in peace.
• 1 Kgs 2:31-32 : 31 And the king said unto him, Do as he has said, and strike him down and bury him, that you may take away the innocent blood which Joab shed, from me and from the house of my father. 32 And the Lord will return his blood upon his own head, who struck down two men more righteous and better than he, and killed them with the sword, my father David not knowing of it: namely, Abner the son of Ner, captain of the army of Israel, and Amasa the son of Jether, captain of the army of Judah.
• Job 8:8-9 : 8 For inquire, I pray you, of the former age, and prepare yourself to the search of their fathers: 9 (For we are but of yesterday, and know nothing, because our days on earth are a shadow:) 10 Will they not teach you, and tell you, and speak words from their heart?
• 2 Sam 20:18 : 18 She continued, In former times, they used to say, Let them ask counsel at Abel; and so they resolved disputes.
• Deut 16:18 : 18 Judges and officers you shall make for yourself in all your gates, which the LORD your God gives you, throughout your tribes: and they shall judge the people with just judgment.