Verse 6

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֖ל אֶל־הָעָ֑ם יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשָׂה֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֔ן וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר הֶעֱלָ֛ה אֶת־אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *šəmûʾēl* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *YHWH* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *ʾet*-*mōšeh* *wə-ʾet*-*ʾahărōn* *wa-ʾăšer* *heʿĕlāh* *ʾet*-*ʾăbōtêkem* *mē-ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*ʾel*-*hā-ʿām*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the people", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he made", "*ʾet*-*mōšeh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Moses", "*wə-ʾet*-*ʾahărōn*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Aaron", "*wa-ʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative pronoun - and who", "*heʿĕlāh*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he brought up", "*ʾet*-*ʾăbōtêkem*": "direct object marker + noun masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśāh*": "made/appointed/established", "*heʿĕlāh*": "brought up/raised up/brought out" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Mic 6:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Micah.6.4", "source": "כִּ֤י הֶעֱלִתִ֙יךָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּמִבֵּ֥ית עֲבָדִ֖ים פְּדִיתִ֑יךָ וָאֶשְׁלַ֣ח לְפָנֶ֔יךָ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֖ה אַהֲרֹ֥ן וּמִרְיָֽם׃", "text": "*kî* *heʿĕlîtîkā* *mē-ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* *û-mibêt* *ʿăbādîm* *pədîtîkā* *wā-ʾešlaḥ* *lə-pānêkā* *ʾet*-*mōšeh* *ʾahărōn* *û-miryām*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*heʿĕlîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I brought you up", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*û-mibêt*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and from house of", "*ʿăbādîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slaves/servants", "*pədîtîkā*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I redeemed you", "*wā-ʾešlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1st person singular consecutive - and I sent", "*lə-pānêkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - before you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*û-miryām*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Miriam" }, "variants": { "*heʿĕlîtîkā*": "brought up/raised/lifted/elevated you", "*pədîtîkā*": "redeemed/ransomed/freed you" } }
  • Exod 6:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Exodus.6.26", "source": "ה֥וּא אַהֲרֹ֖ן וּמֹשֶׁ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם הוֹצִ֜יאוּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־צִבְאֹתָֽם׃", "text": "that *ʾAhărōn û-Mōšeh* whom *ʾāmar YHWH* to-them *hôṣîʾû ʾet-bənê Yiśrāʾēl* from-*ʾereṣ Miṣrayim* according-to-*ṣiḇʾōtām*", "grammar": { "that": "personal pronoun, 3rd masculine singular *hûʾ* - that, the same", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*û-Mōšeh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Moses", "whom": "relative pronoun *ʾăšer* - whom, to whom", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "to-them": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix *lāhem* - to them", "*hôṣîʾû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - bring out", "*ʾet-bənê Yiśrāʾēl*": "direct object marker + noun construct + proper noun - the children of Israel", "from-*ʾereṣ Miṣrayim*": "preposition + noun construct + proper noun *mē-ʾereṣ Miṣrayim* - from the land of Egypt", "according-to-*ṣiḇʾōtām*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix *ʿal-ṣiḇʾōtām* - according to their hosts/armies" }, "variants": { "*hûʾ*": "that, the same, he", "*ʾAhărōn*": "Aaron", "*Mōšeh*": "Moses", "*ʾāmar*": "said, spoke, commanded", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh, LORD, the divine name", "*hôṣîʾû*": "bring out, lead out, take out", "*bənê Yiśrāʾēl*": "children of Israel, Israelites", "*ʾereṣ Miṣrayim*": "land of Egypt, territory of Egypt", "*ṣiḇʾōtām*": "their hosts, their armies, their divisions" } }
  • Neh 9:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.9", "source": "וַתֵּ֛רֶא אֶת־עֳנִ֥י אֲבֹתֵ֖ינוּ בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְאֶת־זַעֲקָתָ֥ם שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ עַל־יַם־סֽוּף׃", "text": "And *wattēreʾ* *ʾet*-*ʿŏnî* *ʾăḇōtênû* in *Miṣrāyim*, and *ʾet*-*zaʿăqātām* *šāmaʿtā* at-*yam*-*sûp*.", "grammar": { "*wattēreʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive 2nd person masculine singular - and you saw", "*ʿŏnî*": "masculine singular construct - affliction of", "*ʾăḇōtênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person common plural suffix - our fathers", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*zaʿăqātām*": "feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their cry", "*šāmaʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you heard", "*yam*": "masculine singular construct - sea of", "*sûp*": "masculine singular - reed/end" }, "variants": { "*wattēreʾ*": "you saw/perceived/observed", "*ʿŏnî*": "affliction/suffering/misery", "*ʾăḇōtênû*": "our fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*zaʿăqātām*": "their cry/outcry/call for help", "*šāmaʿtā*": "you heard/listened to/heeded", "*yam-sûp*": "Reed Sea/Red Sea" } } 10 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.10", "source": "וַ֠תִּתֵּן אֹתֹ֨ת וּמֹֽפְתִ֜ים בְּפַרְעֹ֤ה וּבְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ וּבְכָל־עַ֣ם אַרְצ֔וֹ כִּ֣י יָדַ֔עְתָּ כִּ֥י הֵזִ֖ידוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתַּֽעַשׂ־לְךָ֥ שֵׁ֖ם כְּהַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wattittēn* *ʾōtōt* and *mōpətîm* in *Parʿōh* and in all-*ʿăḇādāyw* and in all-*ʿam* *ʾarṣô*, because *yādaʿtā* that *hēzîdû* against them, and *wattaʿaś*-for you *šēm* as *hayyôm* the *zeh*.", "grammar": { "*wattittēn*": "qal imperfect consecutive 2nd person masculine singular - and you gave", "*ʾōtōt*": "masculine plural - signs", "*mōpətîm*": "masculine plural - wonders/portents", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʿăḇādāyw*": "masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*ʾarṣô*": "feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land", "*yādaʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you knew", "*hēzîdû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person common plural - they acted presumptuously", "*wattaʿaś*": "qal imperfect consecutive 2nd person masculine singular - and you made", "*šēm*": "masculine singular - name", "*hayyôm*": "masculine singular - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this" }, "variants": { "*wattittēn*": "you gave/provided/placed", "*ʾōtōt*": "signs/tokens/symbols", "*mōpətîm*": "wonders/marvels/portents/miracles", "*ʿăḇādāyw*": "his servants/officials/slaves", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk", "*ʾarṣô*": "his land/country/territory", "*yādaʿtā*": "you knew/recognized/were aware", "*hēzîdû*": "they acted presumptuously/proudly/arrogantly", "*wattaʿaś*": "you made/created/established", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame", "*hayyôm*": "the day/today" } } 11 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.11", "source": "וְהַיָּם֙ בָּקַ֣עְתָּ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּֽעַבְר֥וּ בְתוֹךְ־הַיָּ֖ם בַּיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וְֽאֶת־רֹ֨דְפֵיהֶ֜ם הִשְׁלַ֧כְתָּ בִמְצוֹלֹ֛ת כְּמוֹ־אֶ֖בֶן בְּמַ֥יִם עַזִּֽים׃", "text": "And the *yām* *bāqaʿtā* before them, and *wayyaʿaḇrû* in midst-of the *yām* in the *yabbāšâ*, and *ʾet*-*rōdəpêhem* *hišlaḵtā* in *məṣôlōt* like-*ʾeḇen* in *mayim* *ʿazzîm*.", "grammar": { "*yām*": "masculine singular - sea", "*bāqaʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you split/divided", "*wayyaʿaḇrû*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine plural - and they passed over", "*yām*": "masculine singular - sea", "*yabbāšâ*": "feminine singular - dry land", "*rōdəpêhem*": "qal participle masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their pursuers", "*hišlaḵtā*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you threw/cast", "*məṣôlōt*": "feminine plural - depths", "*ʾeḇen*": "feminine singular - stone", "*mayim*": "masculine plural - waters", "*ʿazzîm*": "adjective masculine plural - mighty/fierce" }, "variants": { "*bāqaʿtā*": "you split/divided/cleft", "*wayyaʿaḇrû*": "they passed over/crossed/went through", "*yabbāšâ*": "dry land/dry ground", "*rōdəpêhem*": "their pursuers/those chasing them", "*hišlaḵtā*": "you threw/cast/hurled", "*məṣôlōt*": "depths/deep waters/abyss", "*ʿazzîm*": "mighty/fierce/strong/powerful" } } 12 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.12", "source": "וּבְעַמּ֣וּד עָנָ֔ן הִנְחִיתָ֖ם יוֹמָ֑ם וּבְעַמּ֥וּד אֵשׁ֙ לַ֔יְלָה לְהָאִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם אֶת־הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵֽלְכוּ־בָֽהּ׃", "text": "And in *ʿammûd* *ʿānān* *hinḥîtām* *yômām*, and in *ʿammûd* *ʾēš* *laylâ* to *ləhāʾîr* to them *ʾet*-the *dereḵ* which *yēləḵû*-in it.", "grammar": { "*ʿammûd*": "masculine singular construct - pillar of", "*ʿānān*": "masculine singular - cloud", "*hinḥîtām*": "hiphil perfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you led them", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*ʿammûd*": "masculine singular construct - pillar of", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular - fire", "*laylâ*": "masculine singular - night", "*ləhāʾîr*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to give light", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular - way/road", "*yēləḵû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will go/walk" }, "variants": { "*ʿammûd*": "pillar/column", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of clouds", "*hinḥîtām*": "you led them/guided them/directed them", "*yômām*": "by day/daytime", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*laylâ*": "night/nighttime", "*ləhāʾîr*": "to give light/illuminate/shine", "*dereḵ*": "way/road/path/journey", "*yēləḵû*": "they will go/walk/travel" } } 13 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.13", "source": "וְעַ֤ל הַר־סִינַי֙ יָרַ֔דְתָּ וְדַבֵּ֥ר עִמָּהֶ֖ם מִשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַתִּתֵּ֨ן לָהֶ֜ם מִשְׁפָּטִ֤ים יְשָׁרִים֙ וְתוֹר֣וֹת אֱמֶ֔ת חֻקִּ֥ים וּמִצְוֺ֖ת טוֹבִֽים׃", "text": "And upon *har*-*Sînay* *yāradtā* and *dabbēr* with them from *šāmāyim*, and *wattittēn* to them *mišpāṭîm* *yəšārîm* and *tôrôt* *ʾĕmet*, *ḥuqqîm* and *miṣwōt* *ṭôḇîm*.", "grammar": { "*har*": "masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*Sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*yāradtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you came down", "*dabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*šāmāyim*": "masculine plural - heavens", "*wattittēn*": "qal imperfect consecutive 2nd person masculine singular - and you gave", "*mišpāṭîm*": "masculine plural - judgments/ordinances", "*yəšārîm*": "adjective masculine plural - upright/straight", "*tôrôt*": "feminine plural construct - laws/instructions of", "*ʾĕmet*": "feminine singular - truth", "*ḥuqqîm*": "masculine plural - statutes", "*miṣwōt*": "feminine plural - commandments", "*ṭôḇîm*": "adjective masculine plural - good" }, "variants": { "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*yāradtā*": "you came down/descended", "*dabbēr*": "to speak/talk/declare", "*šāmāyim*": "heavens/sky", "*wattittēn*": "you gave/provided/granted", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/ordinances/regulations/laws", "*yəšārîm*": "upright/straight/just/right", "*tôrôt*": "laws/instructions/teachings", "*ʾĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*ḥuqqîm*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*miṣwōt*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ṭôḇîm*": "good/pleasant/beneficial" } } 14 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.14", "source": "וְאֶת־שַׁבַּ֥ת קָדְשְׁךָ֖ הוֹדַ֣עַ‪[t]‬תָ לָהֶ֑ם וּמִצְו֤וֹת וְחֻקִּים֙ וְתוֹרָ֔ה צִוִּ֣יתָ לָהֶ֔ם בְּיַ֖ד מֹשֶׁ֥ה עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾet-šabbat qodšəḵā hodaʿtā lahem wə-miṣwot wə-ḥuqqim wə-tôrāh ṣiwwîtā lahem bəyad mōšeh ʿabdəḵā", "grammar": { "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šabbat*": "construct state, feminine singular - sabbath of", "*qodšəḵā*": "noun + 2ms possessive suffix - your holiness/sanctity", "*hodaʿtā*": "hiphil perfect, 2ms - you made known", "*lahem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "*wə-miṣwot*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct - and commandments of", "*wə-ḥuqqim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and statutes", "*wə-tôrāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and law/instruction", "*ṣiwwîtā*": "piel perfect, 2ms - you commanded", "*bəyad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - by the hand of", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿabdəḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2ms possessive suffix - your servant" }, "variants": { "*šabbat qodšəḵā*": "your holy sabbath/your sabbath of holiness", "*hodaʿtā*": "made known/revealed/informed", "*miṣwot*": "commandments/precepts", "*ḥuqqim*": "statutes/decrees/ordinances", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*bəyad*": "by the hand of/through/by means of" } }
  • Ps 77:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "Psalms.77.19", "source": "ק֤וֹל רַעַמְךָ֨ ׀ בַּגַּלְגַּ֗ל הֵאִ֣ירוּ בְרָקִ֣ים תֵּבֵ֑ל רָגְזָ֖ה וַתִּרְעַ֣שׁ הָאָֽרֶץ", "text": "*qôl* *raʿamḵā* in-the-*galgal* *hēʾîrû* *ḇərāqîm* *tēḇēl* *rāḡəzāh* and-*tirʿaš* the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - voice of", "*raʿamḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your thunder", "*galgal*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed 'bə' and definite article - in the whirlwind", "*hēʾîrû*": "3rd person plural hiphil perfect - they illuminated", "*ḇərāqîm*": "masculine plural noun - lightnings", "*tēḇēl*": "feminine singular noun - world", "*rāḡəzāh*": "3rd person feminine singular qal perfect - she trembled", "*tirʿaš*": "3rd person feminine singular qal imperfect with waw-consecutive - and she shook", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*raʿamḵā*": "your thunder/your thunderous voice", "*galgal*": "whirlwind/wheel/heaven", "*hēʾîrû*": "they illuminated/they lit up/they gave light to", "*ḇərāqîm*": "lightnings/flashes", "*tēḇēl*": "world/inhabited earth", "*rāḡəzāh*": "trembled/quaked/was agitated", "*tirʿaš*": "shook/quaked/trembled", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } } 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.77.20", "source": "בַּיָּ֤ם דַּרְכֶּ֗ךָ וּֽ֭שְׁבִֽילְךָ בְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וְ֝עִקְּבוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א נֹדָֽעוּ", "text": "In-the-*yām* *darkeḵā* and-*šəḇîləḵā* in-*mayim* *rabbîm* and-*ʿiqqəḇôṯeḵā* not *nōḏāʿû*", "grammar": { "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed 'bə' and definite article - in the sea", "*darkeḵā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your way", "*šəḇîləḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your path", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with prefixed 'bə' - in waters", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many", "*ʿiqqəḇôṯeḵā*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your footprints", "*nōḏāʿû*": "3rd person plural niphal perfect - they were known" }, "variants": { "*yām*": "sea/ocean", "*darkeḵā*": "your way/your path/your journey", "*šəḇîləḵā*": "your path/your track/your course", "*mayim*": "waters/seas", "*rabbîm*": "many/great/mighty", "*ʿiqqəḇôṯeḵā*": "your footprints/your tracks/your traces", "*nōḏāʿû*": "were known/were recognized/were discovered" } }
  • Ps 78:12-72 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.12", "source": "נֶ֣גֶד אֲ֭בוֹתָם עָ֣שָׂה פֶ֑לֶא בְּאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃", "text": "In front of *neḡeḏ* their *ʾăḇôtām* he *ʿāśâ* *p̄eleʾ* in land of *bᵉʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* field of-*śᵉḏê*-*ṣōʿan*", "grammar": { "*neḡeḏ*": "preposition - in front of/in the sight of", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made/performed", "*p̄eleʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - wonder/marvel", "*bᵉʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*śᵉḏê*": "noun, masculine singular construct - field of", "*ṣōʿan*": "proper noun - Zoan" }, "variants": { "*neḡeḏ*": "in front of/in the sight of/before/in the presence of", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*p̄eleʾ*": "wonder/marvel/miracle/extraordinary act", "*śᵉḏê*": "field/country/territory/region" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.13", "source": "בָּ֣קַע יָ֭ם וַיַּֽעֲבִירֵ֑ם וַֽיַּצֶּב־מַ֥יִם כְּמוֹ־נֵ‪[c]‬ד׃", "text": "He *bāqaʿ* *yām* and he *wayyaʿăḇîrēm* and he *wayyaṣṣeḇ*-*mayim* like-*kᵉmô*-*nēḏ*", "grammar": { "*bāqaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he split/divided", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*wayyaʿăḇîrēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he caused them to pass through", "*wayyaṣṣeḇ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to stand", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*kᵉmô*": "preposition - like/as", "*nēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - heap/pile" }, "variants": { "*bāqaʿ*": "split/divided/broke open/tore", "*yām*": "sea/large body of water", "*wayyaʿăḇîrēm*": "and he caused them to pass through/led them across", "*wayyaṣṣeḇ*": "and he caused to stand/set up/established", "*nēḏ*": "heap/pile/mound/wall" } } 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.14", "source": "וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם בֶּעָנָ֣ן יוֹמָ֑ם וְכָל־הַ֝לַּ֗יְלָה בְּא֣וֹר אֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And he *wayyanḥēm* in *beʿānān* by *yômām* and all-*wᵉḵāl*-the *hallaylâ* in light of *bᵉʾôr* *ʾēš*", "grammar": { "*wayyanḥēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he led them", "*beʿānān*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with/by a cloud", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day/daily", "*wᵉḵāl*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine singular construct - and all of", "*hallaylâ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*bᵉʾôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in/with light of", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire" }, "variants": { "*wayyanḥēm*": "and he led them/guided them", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloud mass", "*yômām*": "by day/daily/daytime", "*ʾôr*": "light/illumination/brightness", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame" } } 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.15", "source": "יְבַקַּ֣ע צֻ֭רִים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת רַבָּֽה׃", "text": "He *yᵉḇaqqaʿ* *ṣûrîm* in the *bammiḏbār* and he *wayyašq* like *kitᵉhōmôt* *rabbâ*", "grammar": { "*yᵉḇaqqaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he split/broke open", "*ṣûrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rocks", "*bammiḏbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness/desert", "*wayyašq*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave drink", "*kitᵉhōmôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - like depths/deep places", "*rabbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/many/abundant" }, "variants": { "*yᵉḇaqqaʿ*": "split/broke open/cleaved/divided", "*ṣûrîm*": "rocks/cliffs/rocky places", "*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*wayyašq*": "and he gave drink/caused to drink/watered", "*tᵉhōmôt*": "depths/deep places/abysses/oceans", "*rabbâ*": "great/many/abundant/plentiful" } } 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.16", "source": "וַיּוֹצִ֣א נוֹזְלִ֣ים מִסָּ֑לַע וַיּ֖וֹרֶד כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת מָֽיִם׃", "text": "And he *wayyôṣiʾ* *nôzᵉlîm* from *missālaʿ* and he caused to run down *wayyôreḏ* like the *kannᵉhārôt* *māyim*", "grammar": { "*wayyôṣiʾ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought out", "*nôzᵉlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - flowing streams", "*missālaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from rock/cliff", "*wayyôreḏ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to run down", "*kannᵉhārôt*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - like the rivers", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters" }, "variants": { "*wayyôṣiʾ*": "and he brought out/caused to come forth/produced", "*nôzᵉlîm*": "flowing streams/flowing things/floods", "*sālaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*wayyôreḏ*": "and he caused to run down/sent down/made flow", "*nᵉhārôt*": "rivers/streams/flowing waters" } } 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.17", "source": "וַיּוֹסִ֣יפוּ ע֖‪[d]‬וֹד לַחֲטֹא־ל֑וֹ לַֽמְר֥וֹת עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּצִּיָּֽה׃", "text": "And they *wayyôsîp̄û* *ʿôḏ* to sin against-*laḥăṭōʾ*-him to rebel against *lamrôt* *ʿelyôn* in the *baṣṣiyyâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyôsîp̄û*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they continued/added", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*laḥăṭōʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sin against", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*lamrôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to rebel against/provoke", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - Most High", "*baṣṣiyyâ*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the dry/parched region" }, "variants": { "*wayyôsîp̄û*": "and they continued/added/increased/did more", "*laḥăṭōʾ*": "to sin against/offend/miss the mark", "*lamrôt*": "to rebel against/provoke/be contentious with", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest/Supreme", "*ṣiyyâ*": "dry region/parched land/desert" } } 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.18", "source": "וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֥ל בִּלְבָבָ֑ם לִֽשְׁאָל־אֹ֥כֶל לְנַפְשָֽׁם׃", "text": "And they *wayᵉnassû*-*ʾēl* in their *bilḇāḇām* to ask-*lišʾāl*-*ʾōḵel* for their *lᵉnap̄šām*", "grammar": { "*wayᵉnassû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they tested/tried", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*bilḇāḇām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their heart", "*lišʾāl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to ask/request", "*ʾōḵel*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*lᵉnap̄šām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for their appetite/desire" }, "variants": { "*wayᵉnassû*": "and they tested/tried/put to the test", "*ʾēl*": "God/mighty one/power", "*lēḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*lišʾāl*": "to ask/request/demand", "*ʾōḵel*": "food/nourishment/provisions", "*nep̄eš*": "appetite/desire/life/self/person" } } 19 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.19", "source": "וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים אָ֭מְרוּ הֲי֣וּכַל אֵ֑ל לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "And they *wayᵉḏabbᵉrû* against *bēʾlōhîm* they *ʾāmᵉrû* is *hăyûḵal* *ʾēl* to prepare *laʿărōḵ* *šulḥān* in the *bammiḏbār*", "grammar": { "*wayᵉḏabbᵉrû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they spoke", "*bēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - against God", "*ʾāmᵉrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they said", "*hăyûḵal*": "interrogative + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is able", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*laʿărōḵ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to prepare/arrange", "*šulḥān*": "noun, masculine singular - table", "*bammiḏbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*wayᵉḏabbᵉrû*": "and they spoke/talked/said", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges", "*hăyûḵal*": "is able/can/is capable", "*ʾēl*": "God/mighty one/power", "*laʿărōḵ*": "to prepare/arrange/set in order", "*šulḥān*": "table/meal/feast", "*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.20", "source": "הֵ֤ן הִכָּה־צ֨וּר ׀ וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מַיִם֮ וּנְחָלִ֢ים יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ הֲגַם־לֶ֭חֶם י֣וּכַל תֵּ֑ת אִם־יָכִ֖ין שְׁאֵ֣ר לְעַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Behold *hēn* he struck-*hikkâ*-*ṣûr* and *wayyāzûḇû* *mayim* and *ûnᵉḥālîm* *yišṭōp̄û* is also-*hăḡam*-*leḥem* he *yûḵal* *tēt* if-*ʾim*-he can prepare *yāḵîn* *šᵉʾēr* for his *lᵉʿammô*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "interjection - behold/look", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he struck", "*ṣûr*": "noun, masculine singular - rock", "*wayyāzûḇû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they gushed out", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*ûnᵉḥālîm*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine plural - and streams/wadis", "*yišṭōp̄û*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they overflow/flood", "*hăḡam*": "interrogative + adverb - is also/even", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*yûḵal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is able", "*tēt*": "qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*yāḵîn*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he can prepare", "*šᵉʾēr*": "noun, masculine singular - meat/flesh/food", "*lᵉʿammô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for his people" }, "variants": { "*hikkâ*": "struck/smote/hit", "*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*wayyāzûḇû*": "and they gushed out/flowed freely", "*nᵉḥālîm*": "streams/wadis/torrents", "*yišṭōp̄û*": "they overflow/flood/rush", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain", "*yûḵal*": "he is able/can/is capable", "*tēt*": "to give/grant/place", "*yāḵîn*": "he can prepare/provide/make ready", "*šᵉʾēr*": "meat/flesh/food" } } 21 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.21", "source": "לָכֵ֤ן ׀ שָׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֥ר וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְגַם־אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "Therefore *lāḵēn* *šāmaʿ* *YHWH* and was *wayyitʿabbār* and *wᵉʾēš* *niśśᵉqâ* in *ḇᵉyaʿăqōḇ* and also-*wᵉḡam*-anger *ʾap̄* *ʿālâ* in *ḇᵉyiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he heard", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyitʿabbār*": "waw consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he became angry", "*wᵉʾēš*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine singular - and fire", "*niśśᵉqâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was kindled", "*ḇᵉyaʿăqōḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jacob", "*wᵉḡam*": "waw conjunctive + adverb - and also/even", "*ʾap̄*": "noun, masculine singular - anger/nose", "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - arose/went up", "*ḇᵉyiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*lāḵēn*": "therefore/thus/for this reason", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened to/heeded", "*wayyitʿabbār*": "and he became angry/was furious/raged", "*niśśᵉqâ*": "was kindled/ignited/set ablaze", "*ʾap̄*": "anger/wrath/nose", "*ʿālâ*": "arose/went up/mounted" } } 22 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.22", "source": "כִּ֤י לֹ֣א הֶ֭אֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א בָ֝טְח֗וּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "Because *kî* not *lōʾ* *heʾĕmînû* in *bēʾlōhîm* and not *wᵉlōʾ* *bāṭᵉḥû* in his *bîšûʿātô*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*heʾĕmînû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they believed", "*bēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - in God", "*wᵉlōʾ*": "waw conjunctive + negative particle - and not", "*bāṭᵉḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they trusted", "*bîšûʿātô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his salvation/deliverance" }, "variants": { "*heʾĕmînû*": "they believed/had faith in/trusted", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges", "*bāṭᵉḥû*": "they trusted/relied on/were confident in", "*yᵉšûʿâ*": "salvation/deliverance/victory/help" } } 23 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.23", "source": "וַיְצַ֣ו שְׁחָקִ֣ים מִמָּ֑עַל וְדַלְתֵ֖י שָׁמַ֣יִם פָּתָֽח׃", "text": "Yet he *wayᵉṣaw* *šᵉḥāqîm* from above *mimmāʿal* and doors of *wᵉḏaltê* *šāmayim* he *pātāḥ*", "grammar": { "*wayᵉṣaw*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he commanded", "*šᵉḥāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - clouds/skies", "*mimmāʿal*": "preposition + adverb - from above", "*wᵉḏaltê*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine dual construct - and doors/gates of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heaven/sky", "*pātāḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he opened" }, "variants": { "*wayᵉṣaw*": "and he commanded/ordered/directed", "*šᵉḥāqîm*": "clouds/skies/heavens", "*mimmāʿal*": "from above/overhead/in the heights", "*ḏaltê*": "doors/gates/entrances", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*pātāḥ*": "opened/unlocked/set free" } } 24 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.24", "source": "וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וּדְגַן־שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "And he *wayyamṭēr* upon them *ʿălêhem* *mān* to *leʾěḵōl* and grain of-*ûḏᵉḡan*-*šāmayim* *nātan* to them *lāmô*", "grammar": { "*wayyamṭēr*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to rain down", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*mān*": "noun, masculine singular - manna", "*leʾěḵōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*ûḏᵉḡan*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine singular construct - and grain of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heaven/sky", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he gave", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*wayyamṭēr*": "and he caused to rain down/showered", "*mān*": "manna/what is it?/heavenly food", "*ḏāḡān*": "grain/corn/cereal", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*nātan*": "gave/granted/placed", "*lāmô*": "to them/for them" } } 25 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.25", "source": "לֶ֣חֶם אַ֭בִּירִים אָ֣כַל אִ֑ישׁ צֵידָ֬ה שָׁלַ֖ח לָהֶ֣ם לָשֹֽׂבַע׃", "text": "Bread of *leḥem* *ʾabbîrîm* *ʾāḵal* *ʾîš* *ṣêḏâ* he *šālaḥ* to them *lāhem* to *lāśōḇaʿ*", "grammar": { "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - bread of", "*ʾabbîrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - mighty ones/angels", "*ʾāḵal*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he ate", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ṣêḏâ*": "noun, feminine singular - provision/food", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sent", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lāśōḇaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to satisfaction/fullness" }, "variants": { "*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain", "*ʾabbîrîm*": "mighty ones/angels/nobles/powerful ones", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/person", "*ṣêḏâ*": "provision/food/sustenance", "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched/let go", "*śōḇaʿ*": "satisfaction/fullness/abundance" } } 26 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.26", "source": "יַסַּ֣ע קָ֭דִים בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיְנַהֵ֖ג בְּעֻזּ֣וֹ תֵימָֽן׃", "text": "He caused to blow *yassaʿ* *qāḏîm* in the *baššāmāyim* and he *wayᵉnahēḡ* in his *bᵉʿuzzô* *têmān*", "grammar": { "*yassaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he caused to blow/move", "*qāḏîm*": "noun, masculine singular - east wind", "*baššāmāyim*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - in the heaven/sky", "*wayᵉnahēḡ*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he drove/guided", "*bᵉʿuzzô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in/by his strength", "*têmān*": "noun, masculine singular - south wind" }, "variants": { "*yassaʿ*": "he caused to blow/move/depart", "*qāḏîm*": "east wind/eastern direction", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*wayᵉnahēḡ*": "and he drove/guided/led", "*ʿōz*": "strength/might/power", "*têmān*": "south wind/southern direction" } } 27 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.27", "source": "וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּעָפָ֣ר שְׁאֵ֑ר וּֽכְח֥וֹל יַ֝מִּ֗ים ע֣וֹף כָּנָֽף׃", "text": "*wə-yamṭēr* upon-them like-*ʿāphār* *šəʾēr* and-like-*ḥōl* *yammîm* *ʿōph* *kānāph*", "grammar": { "*wə-yamṭēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he caused to rain", "*ʿāphār*": "masculine singular noun in construct state - dust of", "*šəʾēr*": "masculine singular noun - flesh/meat/food", "*ḥōl*": "masculine singular construct - sand of", "*yammîm*": "masculine plural noun - seas", "*ʿōph*": "masculine singular noun - flying creatures/birds", "*kānāph*": "masculine singular noun - wing" }, "variants": { "*šəʾēr*": "flesh/meat/kinsman/food", "*ʿōph*": "birds/flying creatures", "*kānāph*": "wing/extremity/edge" } } 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.28", "source": "וַ֭יַּפֵּל בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ סָ֝בִ֗יב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*wə-yappēl* in-*qereb* *maḥănēhū* *sābîb* *lə-miškənōtāyw*", "grammar": { "*wə-yappēl*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he caused to fall", "*qereb*": "masculine singular noun in construct state - midst of", "*maḥănēhū*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his camp", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*lə-miškənōtāyw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to/for his dwelling places" }, "variants": { "*qereb*": "midst/among/within", "*sābîb*": "round about/surrounding/on all sides" } } 29 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.29", "source": "וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַיִּשְׂבְּע֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד וְ֝תַֽאֲוָתָ֗ם יָבִ֥א לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾklû* *wə-yiśbəʿû* *məʾōd* *wə-taʾăwātām* *yābīʾ* to-them", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾklû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they ate", "*wə-yiśbəʿû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they were satisfied/filled", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wə-taʾăwātām*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their desire/craving", "*yābīʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he brought/would bring" }, "variants": { "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*taʾăwātām*": "desire/craving/longing" } } 30 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.30", "source": "לֹא־זָ֥רוּ מִתַּאֲוָתָ֑ם ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם׃", "text": "not-*zārû* from-*taʾăwātām* *ʿōd* *ʾoklām* in-*pîhem*", "grammar": { "*zārû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were estranged/alienated", "*taʾăwātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their desire/craving", "*ʿōd*": "adverb - still/yet/while", "*ʾoklām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their food", "*pîhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth" }, "variants": { "*zārû*": "turned aside/estranged/alienated", "*taʾăwātām*": "desire/craving/longing", "*ʿōd*": "still/yet/while/again" } } 31 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.31", "source": "וְאַ֤ף אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ עָ֘לָ֤ה בָהֶ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶ֑ם וּבַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִכְרִֽיעַ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾaph* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʿālāh* in-them *wə-yaharōg* among-*mišmannêhem* and-*baḥûrê* *yiśrāʾēl* *hikrîaʿ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾaph*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct noun - and anger of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - rose/went up", "*wə-yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he killed/slew", "*mišmannêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fat ones", "*baḥûrê*": "masculine plural construct noun - chosen/young men of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hikrîaʿ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to bow down/brought down" }, "variants": { "*ʾaph*": "nose/anger/wrath", "*mišmannêhem*": "fat ones/stout ones/strongest ones", "*baḥûrê*": "chosen men/young men", "*hikrîaʿ*": "made to bow/brought down/struck down" } } 32 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.32", "source": "בְּכָל־זֹ֥את חָֽטְאוּ־ע֑וֹד וְלֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "in-all-this *ḥāṭəʾû*-*ʿōd* and-not-*heʾĕmînû* in-*niphləʾōtāyw*", "grammar": { "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they sinned", "*ʿōd*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*heʾĕmînû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural - they believed/trusted", "*niphləʾōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wonders/wonderful acts" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "sinned/missed the mark/failed", "*heʾĕmînû*": "believed/trusted/had faith in", "*niphləʾōtāyw*": "wonders/miracles/marvelous deeds" } } 33 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.33", "source": "וַיְכַל־בַּהֶ֥בֶל יְמֵיהֶ֑ם וּ֝שְׁנוֹתָ֗ם בַּבֶּהָלָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yəkal* in-*hahebel* *yəmêhem* and-*šənōtām* in-*bahehālāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəkal*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he consumed/finished", "*hahebel*": "article + masculine singular noun - the vanity/futility", "*yəmêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their days", "*šənōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their years", "*bahehālāh*": "preposition + article + feminine singular noun - in the terror/sudden terror" }, "variants": { "*yəkal*": "consumed/finished/brought to an end", "*hahebel*": "vanity/breath/emptiness/futility", "*bahehālāh*": "terror/sudden terror/dismay/alarm" } } 34 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.34", "source": "אִם־הֲרָגָ֥ם וּדְרָשׁ֑וּהוּ וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל׃", "text": "if-*hărāgām* *ûdərāšûhû* *wə-šābû* *wə-šiḥărû*-*ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hărāgām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he killed them", "*ûdərāšûhû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they sought him", "*wə-šābû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - and they returned/repented", "*wə-šiḥărû*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd masculine plural - and they sought earnestly", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity" }, "variants": { "*hărāgām*": "killed them/slew them", "*dərāšûhû*": "sought him/inquired of him/consulted him", "*šābû*": "returned/repented/turned back", "*šiḥărû*": "sought early/sought earnestly/diligently sought" } } 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.35", "source": "וַֽ֭יִּזְכְּרוּ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים צוּרָ֑ם וְאֵ֥ל עֶ֝לְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yizkərû* that-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ṣûrām* and-*ʾēl* *ʿelyōn* *gōʾălām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yizkərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they remembered", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ṣûrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*ʿelyōn*": "masculine singular adjective - high/most high", "*gōʾălām*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their redeemer" }, "variants": { "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/their stronghold/their refuge", "*ʿelyōn*": "Most High/highest", "*gōʾălām*": "their redeemer/their kinsman-redeemer" } } 36 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.36", "source": "וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ בְּפִיהֶ֑ם וּ֝בִלְשׁוֹנָ֗ם יְכַזְּבוּ־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəphattûhû* with-*pîhem* and-with-*lišōnām* *yəkazzəbû*-to-him", "grammar": { "*wə-yəphattûhû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix with waw consecutive - and they deceived/enticed him", "*pîhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*lišōnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*yəkazzəbû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they lied/deceived" }, "variants": { "*yəphattûhû*": "deceived him/enticed him/seduced him", "*yəkazzəbû*": "lied/deceived/dealt falsely" } } 37 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.37", "source": "וְ֭לִבָּם לֹא־נָכ֣וֹן עִמּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א נֶ֝אֶמְנ֗וּ בִּבְרִיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "and-*libbām* not-*nākōn* with-him and-not *neʾemnû* in-*bərîtō*", "grammar": { "*libbām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*nākōn*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - established/firm/faithful", "*neʾemnû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were faithful/trustworthy", "*bərîtō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his covenant" }, "variants": { "*libbām*": "their heart/mind/inner self", "*nākōn*": "established/firm/steadfast/faithful", "*neʾemnû*": "were faithful/were steadfast/were trustworthy" } } 38 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.38", "source": "וְה֤וּא רַח֨וּם ׀ יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָוֺן֮ וְֽלֹא־יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית וְ֭הִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָ֝עִיר כָּל־חֲמָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "and-he *raḥûm* *yəkappēr* *ʿāwōn* and-not-*yašḥît* *wə-hirbāh* *ləhāšîb* *ʾappō* and-not-*yāʿîr* all-*ḥămātō*", "grammar": { "*raḥûm*": "masculine singular adjective - compassionate/merciful", "*yəkappēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he atones for/covers/forgives", "*ʿāwōn*": "masculine singular noun - iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*yašḥît*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he destroys/ruins", "*wə-hirbāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he multiplied/increased", "*ləhāšîb*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - to turn back/return", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*yāʿîr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he arouses/stirs up", "*ḥămātō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wrath" }, "variants": { "*raḥûm*": "compassionate/merciful", "*yəkappēr*": "atones for/covers/forgives", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for guilt", "*yašḥît*": "destroys/ruins/brings to ruin", "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/increased/did much", "*ləhāšîb*": "to turn back/to return/to withdraw", "*ḥămātō*": "his wrath/his rage/his hot anger" } } 39 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.39", "source": "וַ֭יִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂ֣ר הֵ֑מָּה ר֥וּחַ ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ וְלֹ֣א יָשֽׁוּב׃", "text": "*wə-yizkōr* that-*bāśār* *hēmmāh* *rûaḥ* *hōlēk* and-not *yāšûb*", "grammar": { "*wə-yizkōr*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he remembered", "*bāśār*": "masculine singular noun - flesh", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/breath/spirit", "*hōlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going/walking/passing away", "*yāšûb*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he returns" }, "variants": { "*bāśār*": "flesh/body/mankind", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*hōlēk*": "going/passing away/departing", "*yāšûb*": "returns/comes back" } } 40 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.40", "source": "כַּ֭מָּה יַמְר֣וּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר יַ֝עֲצִיב֗וּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃", "text": "how-many *yamrûhû* in-the-*midbār* *yaʿăṣîbûhû* in-*yəšîmōn*", "grammar": { "*yamrûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they rebelled against him/provoked him", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with article - the wilderness/desert", "*yaʿăṣîbûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they grieved him/pained him", "*yəšîmōn*": "masculine singular noun - desert/wasteland" }, "variants": { "*yamrûhû*": "rebelled against him/provoked him/disobeyed him", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*yaʿăṣîbûhû*": "grieved him/pained him/hurt him", "*yəšîmōn*": "desert/wasteland/wilderness" } } 41 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.41", "source": "וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֵ֑ל וּקְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִתְווּ׃", "text": "*wə-yāšûbû* *wə-ynassû* *ʾēl* and-*qədōš* *yiśrāʾēl* *hitwû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšûbû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they returned/turned back", "*wə-ynassû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tested/tried", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*qədōš*": "masculine singular adjective construct - holy one of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hitwû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural - they marked out/limited" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāšûbû*": "returned/turned back/again", "*wə-ynassû*": "tested/tried/put to the proof", "*qədōš*": "holy one/sacred one", "*hitwû*": "marked out/limited/set bounds for" } } 42 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.42", "source": "לֹא־זָכְר֥וּ אֶת־יָד֑וֹ י֝֗וֹם אֲ‍ֽשֶׁר־פָּדָ֥ם מִנִּי־צָֽר׃", "text": "not-*zākrû* *ʾet*-*yādō* *yōm* that-*pādām* from-*ṣār*", "grammar": { "*zākrû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they remembered", "*yādō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*yōm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*pādām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he redeemed them", "*ṣār*": "masculine singular noun - adversary/enemy" }, "variants": { "*yādō*": "his hand/his power", "*pādām*": "redeemed them/ransomed them/rescued them", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/distress" } } 43 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.43", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם בְּ֭מִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מוֹפְתָ֗יו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃", "text": "which-*śām* in-*miṣrayim* *ʾōtōtāyw* and-*mōphətāyw* in-*śədēh*-*ṣōʿan*", "grammar": { "*śām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he placed/set", "*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his signs", "*mōphətāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wonders/portents", "*śədēh*": "masculine singular construct - field of", "*ṣōʿan*": "proper name - Zoan" }, "variants": { "*śām*": "placed/set/established", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "his signs/his tokens/his omens", "*mōphətāyw*": "his wonders/his portents/his miracles", "*śədēh*": "field/countryside/territory" } } 44 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.44", "source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃", "text": "*wə-yahăphōk* to-*dām* *yəʾōrêhem* and-*nōzlêhem* not-*yištāyûn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yahăphōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned/changed", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers/streams", "*nōzlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flowing streams", "*yištāyûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - they could drink" }, "variants": { "*yahăphōk*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "their rivers/their Nile streams/their canals", "*nōzlêhem*": "their flowing streams/their brooks/their water courses", "*yištāyûn*": "could drink/would drink" } } 45 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.45", "source": "יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ* among-them *ʿārōb* *wə-yōʾklēm* and-*ṣəphardēaʿ* *wə-tašḥîtēm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ʿārōb*": "masculine singular noun - swarm/flies", "*wə-yōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and they devoured them", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "feminine singular noun (collective) - frogs", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and it/they destroyed them" }, "variants": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "sent/let loose/sent forth", "*ʿārōb*": "swarm/flies/mixture of insects", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "frogs (collective)", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "destroyed them/brought ruin upon them" } } 46 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.46", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לֶחָסִ֣יל יְבוּלָ֑ם וִֽ֝יגִיעָ֗ם לָאַרְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yittēn* to-*ḥāsîl* *yəbûlām* and-*yəgîʿām* to-the-*ʾarbeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave", "*ḥāsîl*": "masculine singular noun - locust/caterpillar", "*yəbûlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their produce", "*yəgîʿām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their labor/toil", "*ʾarbeh*": "masculine singular noun with article - the locust" }, "variants": { "*ḥāsîl*": "locust/caterpillar/devourer", "*yəbûlām*": "their produce/their crops/their yield", "*yəgîʿām*": "their labor/their toil/fruit of their labor", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper" } } 47 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.47", "source": "יַהֲרֹ֣ג בַּבָּרָ֣ד גַּפְנָ֑ם וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃", "text": "*yaharōg* with-the-*bārād* *gaphnām* and-*šiqmōtām* with-the-*ḥănāmal*", "grammar": { "*yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he killed/destroyed", "*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail", "*gaphnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine", "*šiqmōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sycamore trees", "*ḥănāmal*": "masculine singular noun with article - the frost/sleet" }, "variants": { "*yaharōg*": "killed/destroyed/slew", "*gaphnām*": "their vine/their vineyard", "*šiqmōtām*": "their sycamore trees/their fig-mulberry trees", "*ḥănāmal*": "frost/sleet/hail" } } 48 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.48", "source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַבָּרָ֣ד בְּעִירָ֑ם וּ֝מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם לָרְשָׁפִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yasgēr* to-the-*bārād* *bəʿîrām* and-*miqnêhem* to-*rəšāphîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over/gave up", "*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail", "*bəʿîrām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cattle/beasts", "*miqnêhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their livestock/cattle", "*rəšāphîm*": "masculine plural noun - flames/fiery bolts/thunderbolts" }, "variants": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/gave up/shut up", "*bəʿîrām*": "their cattle/their beasts/their livestock", "*miqnêhem*": "their livestock/their cattle/their possessions", "*rəšāphîm*": "flames/fiery bolts/lightning/thunderbolts" } } 49 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.49", "source": "יְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֨ם ׀ חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ*-against-them *ḥărōn* *ʾappō* *ʿebrāh* and-*zaʿam* and-*ṣārāh* *mišlaḥat* *malʾăkê* *rāʿîm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ḥărōn*": "masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostrils", "*ʿebrāh*": "feminine singular noun - fury/wrath/overflow", "*zaʿam*": "masculine singular noun - indignation/anger", "*ṣārāh*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble", "*mišlaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - sending/deputation of", "*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct - messengers/angels of", "*rāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*ḥărōn*": "burning/heat/fierceness", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath/his nose", "*ʿebrāh*": "fury/wrath/rage/overflow", "*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/denouncement", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/affliction", "*mišlaḥat*": "sending/deputation/discharge", "*malʾăkê rāʿîm*": "messengers of evil/evil angels/angels of destruction" } } 50 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.50", "source": "יְפַלֵּ֥ס נָתִ֗יב לְאַ֫פּ֥וֹ לֹא־חָשַׂ֣ךְ מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם לַדֶּ֥בֶר הִסְגִּֽיר׃", "text": "*yəphallēs* *nātîb* for-*ʾappō* not-*ḥāśak* from-*māwet* *naphšām* and-*ḥayyātām* to-the-*deber* *hisgîr*", "grammar": { "*yəphallēs*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he leveled/made a path", "*nātîb*": "masculine singular noun - path/way", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he withheld/spared", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - death", "*naphšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their soul/life", "*ḥayyātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*deber*": "masculine singular noun with article - the pestilence/plague", "*hisgîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he delivered over/gave up" }, "variants": { "*yəphallēs*": "leveled/made a path/prepared", "*nātîb*": "path/way/track", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath", "*ḥāśak*": "withheld/spared/kept back", "*naphšām*": "their soul/their life/themselves", "*ḥayyātām*": "their life/their living creatures", "*deber*": "pestilence/plague/disease", "*hisgîr*": "delivered over/gave up/surrendered" } } 51 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.51", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם רֵאשִׁ֥ית א֝וֹנִ֗ים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yak* all-*bəkōr* in-*miṣrayim* *rēʾšît* *ʾônîm* in-*ʾohŏlê*-*ḥām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he smote/struck", "*bəkōr*": "masculine singular noun - firstborn", "*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - beginning/first of", "*ʾônîm*": "masculine plural noun - strength/vigor/manly vigor", "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ḥām*": "proper name - Ham" }, "variants": { "*wə-yak*": "smote/struck/hit", "*bəkōr*": "firstborn", "*rēʾšît*": "beginning/first/firstfruits", "*ʾônîm*": "strength/vigor/manly vigor/reproductive power", "*ʾohŏlê*": "tents/dwelling places", "*ḥām*": "Ham (progenitor of Egypt)" } } 52 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.52", "source": "וַיַּסַּ֣ע כַּצֹּ֣אן עַמּ֑וֹ וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֥ם כַּ֝עֵ֗דֶר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yassaʿ* like-the-*ṣōʾn* *ʿammō* *wə-ynahăgēm* like-the-*ʿēder* in-the-*midbār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yassaʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he set out/made to journey", "*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular noun with article - the flock/sheep", "*ʿammō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə-ynahăgēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he led them", "*ʿēder*": "masculine singular noun with article - the flock/herd", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with article - the wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*wə-yassaʿ*": "set out/made to journey/removed", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle", "*wə-ynahăgēm*": "led them/guided them/drove them", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd/drove" } } 53 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.53", "source": "וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם לָ֭בֶטַח וְלֹ֣א פָחָ֑דוּ וְאֶת־א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם כִּסָּ֥ה הַיָּֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yanḥēm* to-*labeṭaḥ* and-not *pāḥādû* and-*ʾet*-*ʾôyəbêhem* *kissāh* the-*yām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yanḥēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he led them", "*labeṭaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - to security/safety", "*pāḥādû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they feared/were afraid", "*ʾôyəbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*kissāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he covered", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with article - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wə-yanḥēm*": "led them/guided them", "*labeṭaḥ*": "to security/safely/without fear", "*pāḥādû*": "feared/were afraid/were in dread", "*ʾôyəbêhem*": "their enemies/their foes" } } 54 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.54", "source": "וַ֭יְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּב֣וּל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַר־זֶ֝֗ה קָנְתָ֥ה יְמִינֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəbîʾēm* to-*gəbûl* *qodšō* *har*-this *qāntāh* *yəmînō*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəbîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he brought them", "*gəbûl*": "masculine singular construct - border/territory of", "*qodšō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his holiness/sanctuary", "*har*": "masculine singular noun - mountain/hill", "*qāntāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she acquired/bought", "*yəmînō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəbîʾēm*": "brought them/caused them to come", "*gəbûl*": "border/territory/region", "*qodšō*": "his holiness/his sanctuary/his holy place", "*qāntāh*": "acquired/bought/purchased", "*yəmînō*": "his right hand/his strength" } } 55 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.55", "source": "וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֨ם ׀ גּוֹיִ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶ֣בֶל נַחֲלָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yəgāreš* from *pənêhem* *gôyim* *wə-yapîlēm* in *ḥeḇel naḥălâ* *wə-yaškēn* in *ʾohŏlêhem* *šiḇṭê yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəgāreš*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he drove out", "*pənêhem*": "from before them - preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles - masculine plural noun", "*wə-yapîlēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he made them fall/allotted them", "*ḥeḇel naḥălâ*": "measuring line of inheritance/portion - construct relationship", "*wə-yaškēn*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he caused to dwell", "*ʾohŏlêhem*": "in their tents - preposition with masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*šiḇṭê yiśrāʾēl*": "tribes of Israel - construct relationship" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəgāreš*": "drove out/expelled/banished", "*yapîlēm*": "caused them to fall/cast them down/allotted to them", "*ḥeḇel naḥălâ*": "measured inheritance/allotted portion/territory divided by measuring line", "*wə-yaškēn*": "caused to dwell/settled/made to inhabit" } } 56 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.56", "source": "וַיְנַסּ֣וּ וַ֭יַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן וְ֝עֵדוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א שָׁמָֽרוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yənassû* *wə-yamrû* *ʾeṯ-ʾĕlōhîm ʿelyôn* *wə-ʿēḏôṯāyw* *lōʾ šāmārû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yənassû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tested/tempted", "*wə-yamrû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they rebelled/provoked", "*ʾeṯ-ʾĕlōhîm*": "direct object marker + God - masculine plural noun (intensive plural)", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High - masculine singular adjective, divine epithet", "*wə-ʿēḏôṯāyw*": "and his testimonies - feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ šāmārû*": "not they kept - Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with negative particle" }, "variants": { "*wə-yənassû*": "tested/tempted/tried", "*wə-yamrû*": "rebelled against/were contentious with/defied/provoked", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges", "*ʿēḏôṯāyw*": "testimonies/decrees/statutes/ordinances" } } 57 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.57", "source": "וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yissōḡû* *wə-yiḇgəḏû* *ka-ʾăḇôṯām* *nehpəḵû* *kə-qešeṯ rəmîyâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yissōḡû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they turned back", "*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they acted treacherously", "*ka-ʾăḇôṯām*": "like their fathers - preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*nehpəḵû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were turned/turned themselves", "*kə-qešeṯ*": "like a bow - preposition + feminine singular noun", "*rəmîyâ*": "deceitful/slack/treacherous - feminine singular adjective" }, "variants": { "*wə-yissōḡû*": "turned back/turned away/retreated", "*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "acted treacherously/dealt faithlessly/betrayed", "*nehpəḵû*": "were turned/turned themselves/were transformed", "*qešeṯ rəmîyâ*": "deceitful bow/treacherous bow/unreliable bow" } } 58 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.58", "source": "וַיַּכְעִיס֥וּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָ֑ם וּ֝בִפְסִילֵיהֶ֗ם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû* in *bāmôṯām* *û-ḇipsîlêhem* *yaqnîʾûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they provoked him to anger", "*bāmôṯām*": "in their high places - preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*û-ḇipsîlêhem*": "and with their carved images - conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "provoked him to anger/vexed him/made him indignant", "*bāmôṯām*": "high places/cult platforms/sacred heights", "*pəsîlêhem*": "carved images/idols/graven images", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "made him jealous/moved him to jealousy/provoked his zeal" } } 59 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.59", "source": "שָׁמַ֣ע אֱ֭לֹהִים וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר וַיִּמְאַ֥ס מְ֝אֹ֗ד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*šāmaʿ ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-yiṯʿabbār* *wə-yimʾas məʾōḏ* in *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he heard", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God - masculine plural noun (intensive plural)", "*wə-yiṯʿabbār*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he became furious", "*wə-yimʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he rejected/despised", "*məʾōḏ*": "exceedingly/greatly - adverb of intensity", "*b-yiśrāʾēl*": "in/against Israel - preposition + proper noun" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/heeded", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges", "*wə-yiṯʿabbār*": "became furious/was enraged/was deeply angry", "*wə-yimʾas*": "rejected/despised/disdained/refused" } } 60 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.60", "source": "וַ֭יִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן שִׁל֑וֹ אֹ֝֗הֶל שִׁכֵּ֥ן בָּאָדָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiṭṭōš miškan šilô* *ʾōhel šikkēn bā-ʾāḏām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he abandoned/forsook", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place of - construct form of masculine singular noun", "*šilô*": "Shiloh - proper noun, location", "*ʾōhel*": "tent - masculine singular noun", "*šikkēn*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to dwell/pitched", "*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/in mankind - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "abandoned/forsook/rejected", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place/abode", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/tabernacle/dwelling", "*šikkēn*": "caused to dwell/pitched/established", "*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/among mankind/among humanity" } } 61 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.61", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לַשְּׁבִ֣י עֻזּ֑וֹ וְֽתִפְאַרְתּ֥וֹ בְיַד־צָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yittēn la-šəḇî ʿuzzô* *wə-ṯiḇʾartô* in *yaḏ-ṣār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave/delivered", "*la-šəḇî*": "to captivity - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun", "*ʿuzzô*": "his strength/might - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*wə-ṯiḇʾartô*": "and his glory/beauty - conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*yaḏ-ṣār*": "hand of adversary - construct relationship" }, "variants": { "*wə-yittēn*": "gave/delivered/handed over", "*šəḇî*": "captivity/imprisonment", "*ʿuzzô*": "his strength/his might/his power/his ark (metonymy)", "*ṯiḇʾartô*": "his glory/his beauty/his splendor", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor" } } 62 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.62", "source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַחֶ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְנַחֲלָת֗וֹ הִתְעַבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yasgēr la-ḥereḇ ʿammô* *û-ḇənaḥălāṯô hiṯʿabbār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over", "*la-ḥereḇ*": "to the sword - preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun", "*ʿammô*": "his people - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇənaḥălāṯô*": "and against his inheritance - conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*hiṯʿabbār*": "Hithpael perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was furious" }, "variants": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/handed over/surrendered", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/warfare/destruction", "*ʿammô*": "his people/his nation/his folk", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance/his possession/his people", "*hiṯʿabbār*": "was furious/was enraged/was angry" } } 63 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.63", "source": "בַּחוּרָ֥יו אָֽכְלָה־אֵ֑שׁ וּ֝בְתוּלֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א הוּלָּֽלוּ׃", "text": "*baḥûrāyw ʾāḵəlâ-ʾēš* *û-ḇəṯûlōṯāyw lōʾ hûllālû*", "grammar": { "*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ʾāḵəlâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - consumed/devoured", "*ʾēš*": "fire - feminine singular noun", "*û-ḇəṯûlōṯāyw*": "and his virgins - conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*hûllālû*": "Pual perfect 3rd common plural - were praised/were given in marriage" }, "variants": { "*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men/his chosen ones/his youth", "*ʾāḵəlâ-ʾēš*": "fire consumed/fire devoured", "*ḇəṯûlōṯāyw*": "his virgins/his maidens/his young women", "*hûllālû*": "were praised/were given in marriage/were celebrated with wedding songs" } } 64 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.64", "source": "כֹּ֭הֲנָיו בַּחֶ֣רֶב נָפָ֑לוּ וְ֝אַלְמְנֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִבְכֶּֽינָה׃", "text": "*kōhănāyw ba-ḥereḇ nāp̄ālû* *wə-ʾalmənoṯāyw lōʾ ṯiḇkênâ*", "grammar": { "*kōhănāyw*": "his priests - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ba-ḥereḇ*": "by the sword - preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun", "*nāp̄ālû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they fell", "*wə-ʾalmənoṯāyw*": "and his widows - conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*ṯiḇkênâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - they would weep" }, "variants": { "*kōhănāyw*": "his priests/his ministers", "*ba-ḥereḇ*": "by the sword/in battle", "*nāp̄ālû*": "fell/died/were slain", "*ʾalmənoṯāyw*": "his widows/widows of his people", "*lōʾ ṯiḇkênâ*": "did not weep/could not weep/were not lamented for" } } 65 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.65", "source": "וַיִּקַ֖ץ כְּיָשֵׁ֥ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן מִיָּֽיִן׃", "text": "*wə-yiqaṣ kə-yāšēn ʾăḏōnāy* *kə-gibbôr miṯrônēn mi-yāyin*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqaṣ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he awoke", "*kə-yāšēn*": "like one sleeping - preposition + Qal active participle masculine singular", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/Master - divine name with 1st person plural possessive suffix", "*kə-gibbôr*": "like a mighty man - preposition + masculine singular noun", "*miṯrônēn*": "Hithpoel participle masculine singular - shouting/rejoicing", "*mi-yāyin*": "from wine - preposition + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiqaṣ*": "awoke/aroused/was awakened", "*kə-yāšēn*": "like one sleeping/like a sleeper", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "the Lord/my Lord/my Master", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*miṯrônēn*": "shouting/rejoicing/exulting", "*mi-yāyin*": "from wine/because of wine/overcome by wine" } } 66 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.66", "source": "וַיַּךְ־צָרָ֥יו אָח֑וֹר חֶרְפַּ֥ת ע֝וֹלָ֗ם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yak-ṣārāyw ʾāḥôr* *ḥerpaṯ ʿôlām nāṯan lāmô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/on their back - adverb", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "reproach of/disgrace of - construct form of feminine singular noun", "*ʿôlām*": "everlasting/perpetual - masculine singular noun", "*nāṯan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave/put", "*lāmô*": "to them - preposition with archaic 3rd masculine plural suffix" }, "variants": { "*wə-yak*": "struck/smote/defeated", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/his enemies/his foes", "*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/on their backs/retreating", "*ḥerpaṯ ʿôlām*": "perpetual reproach/everlasting disgrace/eternal shame", "*lāmô*": "to them/upon them/against them" } } 67 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.67", "source": "וַ֭יִּמְאַס בְּאֹ֣הֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף וּֽבְשֵׁ֥בֶט אֶ֝פְרַ֗יִם לֹ֣א בָחָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yimʾas bə-ʾōhel yôsēp̄* *û-ḇəšēḇeṭ ʾep̄rayim lōʾ ḇāḥār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yimʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he rejected", "*bə-ʾōhel*": "in the tent of - preposition + masculine singular construct", "*yôsēp̄*": "Joseph - proper noun", "*û-ḇəšēḇeṭ*": "and in the tribe of - conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "Ephraim - proper noun", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*ḇāḥār*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he chose" }, "variants": { "*wə-yimʾas*": "rejected/refused/despised", "*ʾōhel yôsēp̄*": "tent of Joseph/dwelling of Joseph/tribe of Joseph", "*šēḇeṭ*": "tribe/clan/rod", "*lōʾ ḇāḥār*": "did not choose/refused to select" } } 68 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.68", "source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט יְהוּדָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֥ר צִ֝יּ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵֽב׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇḥar ʾeṯ-šēḇeṭ yəhûḏâ* *ʾeṯ-har ṣîyôn ʾăšer ʾāhēḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose", "*ʾeṯ-šēḇeṭ*": "direct object marker + tribe of - masculine singular construct", "*yəhûḏâ*": "Judah - proper noun", "*ʾeṯ-har*": "direct object marker + mountain of - masculine singular construct", "*ṣîyôn*": "Zion - proper noun", "*ʾăšer*": "which/that - relative pronoun", "*ʾāhēḇ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he loved" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected", "*šēḇeṭ yəhûḏâ*": "tribe of Judah/clan of Judah", "*har ṣîyôn*": "Mount Zion/hill of Zion/mountain of Zion", "*ʾāhēḇ*": "loved/cherished/desired" } } 69 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.69", "source": "וַיִּ֣בֶן כְּמוֹ־רָ֭מִים מִקְדָּשׁ֑וֹ כְּ֝אֶ֗רֶץ יְסָדָ֥הּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇen kəmô-rāmîm miqdāšô* *kə-ʾereṣ yəsāḏāh lə-ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇen*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he built", "*kəmô-rāmîm*": "like heights/like high places - preposition + masculine plural noun", "*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*kə-ʾereṣ*": "like the earth - preposition + feminine singular noun", "*yəsāḏāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he founded it", "*lə-ʿôlām*": "for eternity/forever - preposition + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇen*": "built/constructed/established", "*kəmô-rāmîm*": "like high places/like heights/like heaven's heights", "*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary/his holy place/his temple", "*yəsāḏāh*": "founded it/established it/settled it", "*lə-ʿôlām*": "forever/eternally/for all time" } } 70 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.70", "source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר בְּדָוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֑וֹ וַ֝יִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ מִֽמִּכְלְאֹ֥ת צֹֽאן׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇḥar bə-ḏāwiḏ ʿaḇdô* *wə-yiqqāḥēhû mi-mmikləʾōṯ ṣōʾn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose", "*bə-ḏāwiḏ*": "in David - preposition + proper noun", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him", "*mi-mmikləʾōṯ*": "from sheepfolds - preposition + feminine plural noun", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock - feminine singular collective noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/fetched him/brought him", "*mikləʾōṯ*": "sheepfolds/pens/enclosures", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small cattle" } } 71 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.71", "source": "מֵאַחַ֥ר עָל֗וֹת הֱבִ֫יא֥וֹ לִ֭רְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹ֣ב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mē-ʾaḥar ʿālôṯ hĕḇîʾô* *lirʿôṯ bə-yaʿăqōḇ ʿammô* *û-ḇəyiśrāʾēl naḥălāṯô*", "grammar": { "*mē-ʾaḥar*": "from after/from following - preposition + adverb", "*ʿālôṯ*": "nursing ewes - feminine plural noun", "*hĕḇîʾô*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he brought him", "*lirʿôṯ*": "to shepherd - Qal infinitive construct with preposition", "*bə-yaʿăqōḇ*": "in Jacob - preposition + proper noun", "*ʿammô*": "his people - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇəyiśrāʾēl*": "and in Israel - conjunction + preposition + proper noun", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance - feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*mē-ʾaḥar ʿālôṯ*": "from following the nursing ewes/from tending the mother sheep", "*hĕḇîʾô*": "brought him/led him/took him", "*lirʿôṯ*": "to shepherd/to pasture/to tend", "*yaʿăqōḇ ʿammô*": "Jacob his people/his people Jacob", "*yiśrāʾēl naḥălāṯô*": "Israel his inheritance/his inheritance Israel" } } 72 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.72", "source": "וַ֭יִּרְעֵם כְּתֹ֣ם לְבָב֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנ֖וֹת כַּפָּ֣יו יַנְחֵֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yirʿēm kə-ṯōm ləḇāḇô* *û-ḇiṯḇûnôṯ kappāyw yanḥēm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirʿēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he shepherded them", "*kə-ṯōm*": "according to integrity of - preposition + masculine singular construct", "*ləḇāḇô*": "his heart - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇiṯḇûnôṯ*": "and with skillfulness of - conjunction + preposition + feminine plural construct", "*kappāyw*": "his hands/his palms - dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*yanḥēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he guided them" }, "variants": { "*wə-yirʿēm*": "shepherded them/pastured them/tended them", "*ṯōm ləḇāḇô*": "integrity of his heart/wholeness of his heart/blamelessness of his heart", "*ṯḇûnôṯ kappāyw*": "skillfulness of his hands/understanding of his hands/discernment of his palms", "*yanḥēm*": "guided them/led them/directed them" } }
  • Ps 99:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.99.6", "source": "מֹ֘שֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹ֨ן ׀ בְּֽכֹהֲנָ֗יו וּ֖שְׁמוּאֵל בְּקֹרְאֵ֣י שְׁמ֑וֹ קֹרִ֥אים אֶל־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְה֣וּא יַעֲנֵֽם׃", "text": "*mōšeh* *wə-ʾahărōn* among-*kōhănāyw* *û-šəmûʾēl* among-*qōrəʾê* *šəmô* *qōrîʾîm* to-*YHWH* *wə-hûʾ* *yaʿănēm*", "grammar": { "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wə-ʾahărōn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Aaron", "*kōhănāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix, with preposition *bə* - among his priests", "*û-šəmûʾēl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Samuel", "*qōrəʾê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct with preposition *bə* - among those calling upon", "*šəmô*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name", "*qōrîʾîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - calling", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name, with preposition *ʾel* - to YHWH", "*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - and he", "*yaʿănēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he answered them" }, "variants": { "*kōhănāyw*": "priests/officiants", "*qōrəʾê*": "those who call/invoke/call upon", "*qōrîʾîm*": "calling/crying out to", "*yaʿănēm*": "answered/responded to them" } }
  • Ps 105:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.26", "source": "שָׁ֭לַח מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֑וֹ אַ֝הֲרֹ֗ן אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּֽחַר־בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šālaḥ* *Mōšeh* *ʿabdō* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾăšer* *bāḥar*-in-him", "grammar": { "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he sent", "*Mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*ʿabdō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - his servant", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper name - Aaron", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - whom", "*bāḥar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he chose" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*ʿabdō*": "his servant/slave", "*bāḥar*": "chose/selected/elected" } }
  • Ps 105:41 : 41 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.41", "source": "פָּ֣תַח צ֭וּר וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מָ֑יִם הָ֝לְכ֗וּ בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת נָהָֽר׃", "text": "*pātaḥ* *ṣūr* *wa-yyāzūbū* *māyim* *hālkū* in-the-*ṣiyyōt* *nāhār*", "grammar": { "*pātaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he opened", "*ṣūr*": "noun, masculine singular - rock", "*wa-yyāzūbū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3mp - and they flowed", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*hālkū*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they went", "*ṣiyyōt*": "noun, feminine plural - dry places", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river" }, "variants": { "*pātaḥ*": "opened/unlocked/released", "*ṣūr*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*wa-yyāzūbū*": "and they flowed/gushed/streamed", "*māyim*": "waters/liquid", "*hālkū*": "went/flowed/ran", "*ṣiyyōt*": "dry places/deserts/parched regions", "*nāhār*": "river/stream/flow" } }
  • Isa 63:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.7", "source": "חַֽסְדֵ֨י יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אַזְכִּיר֙ תְּהִלֹּ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה כְּעַ֕ל כֹּ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־גְּמָלָ֖נוּ יְהוָ֑ה וְרַב־טוּב֙ לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־גְּמָלָ֥ם כְּֽרַחֲמָ֖יו וּכְרֹ֥ב חֲסָדָֽיו׃", "text": "*ḥasdê* *YHWH* I will *ʾazkîr*, *tĕhillōt* *YHWH*, according to all which *gĕmālānû* *YHWH*, and *rab-ṭûb* to *bêt* *yiśrāʾēl*, which *gĕmālām* according to his *raḥămāyw* and according to *rōb* his *ḥăsādāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ḥasdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - lovingkindnesses of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾazkîr*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will mention/remember/proclaim", "*tĕhillōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - praises of", "*kĕʿal*": "preposition kaf + preposition al - according to", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾăšer-gĕmālānû*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - which he has bestowed on us", "*wĕrab-ṭûb*": "conjunction waw + adjective, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - and abundance of goodness", "*lĕbêt*": "preposition lamed + noun, masculine singular construct - to the house of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾăšer-gĕmālām*": "relative pronoun + Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - which he has bestowed on them", "*kĕraḥămāyw*": "preposition kaf + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - according to his compassions", "*ûḵĕrōb*": "conjunction waw + preposition kaf + noun, masculine singular construct - and according to abundance of", "*ḥăsādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his lovingkindnesses" }, "variants": { "*ḥasdê*": "lovingkindnesses/mercies/steadfast love", "*ʾazkîr*": "I will mention/I will remember/I will proclaim/I will recount", "*tĕhillōt*": "praises/acts worthy of praise", "*gĕmālānû*": "he has bestowed on us/he has done for us/he has dealt with us", "*rab-ṭûb*": "abundance of goodness/great goodness/much good", "*gĕmālām*": "he has bestowed on them/he has done for them/he has dealt with them", "*raḥămāyw*": "his compassions/his mercies/his sympathy", "*ḥăsādāyw*": "his lovingkindnesses/his mercies/his steadfast love" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַךְ־עַמִּ֣י הֵ֔מָּה בָּנִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְשַׁקֵּ֑רוּ וַיְהִ֥י לָהֶ֖ם לְמוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃", "text": "And he *yōʾmer*, surely *ʿammî* *hēmmāh*, *bānîm* not *yĕšaqqērû*, and he *wayĕhî* for them as *môšîaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - surely/only/indeed", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - children/sons", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yĕšaqqērû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will deal falsely", "*wayĕhî*": "conjunction waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he became", "*lāhem*": "preposition lamed with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them", "*lĕmôšîaʿ*": "preposition lamed + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - as a savior" }, "variants": { "*yōʾmer*": "he said/he thought/he commanded", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*yĕšaqqērû*": "they will deal falsely/they will deceive/they will be faithless", "*môšîaʿ*": "savior/deliverer/rescuer" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.9", "source": "בְּֽכָל־צָרָתָ֣ם ׀ *לא **ל֣וֹ צָ֗ר וּמַלְאַ֤ךְ פָּנָיו֙ הֽוֹשִׁיעָ֔ם בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ וּבְחֶמְלָת֖וֹ ה֣וּא גְאָלָ֑ם וַֽיְנַטְּלֵ֥ם וַֽיְנַשְּׂאֵ֖ם כָּל־יְמֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "In all their *ṣārātām* [*lōʾ*/*lô*] *ṣār* and *malʾaḵ* of his *pānāyw* *hôšîʿām*, in his *ʾahăbātô* and in his *ḥemlātô* *hûʾ* *gĕʾālām*; and he *wayĕnaṭṭĕlēm* and he *wayĕnaśśĕʾēm* all *yĕmê* *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*bĕḵāl*": "preposition bet + noun, masculine singular construct - in all", "*ṣārātām*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their distresses", "*lōʾ/lô*": "negative particle/preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - not/to him", "*ṣār*": "adjective, masculine singular - distress/adversary", "*ûmalʾaḵ*": "conjunction waw + noun, masculine singular construct - and messenger/angel of", "*pānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*hôšîʿām*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - saved them", "*bĕʾahăbātô*": "preposition bet + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his love", "*ûbĕḥemlātô*": "conjunction waw + preposition bet + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and in his compassion", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*gĕʾālām*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - redeemed them", "*wayĕnaṭṭĕlēm*": "conjunction waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he lifted them", "*wayĕnaśśĕʾēm*": "conjunction waw + Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he carried them", "*kāl-yĕmê*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural construct - all days of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/forever" }, "variants": { "*ṣārātām*": "their distresses/their troubles/their afflictions", "*lōʾ/lô*": "Text shows both readings: *lōʾ* (written) = 'not' / *lô* (read) = 'to him'", "*ṣār*": "distress/adversary/enemy/narrow", "*malʾaḵ*": "messenger/angel/representative", "*pānāyw*": "his face/his presence/his person", "*hôšîʿām*": "saved them/delivered them/rescued them", "*ʾahăbātô*": "his love/his affection", "*ḥemlātô*": "his compassion/his pity/his mercy", "*gĕʾālām*": "redeemed them/rescued them/acted as kinsman for them", "*yĕnaṭṭĕlēm*": "lifted them/raised them/carried them", "*yĕnaśśĕʾēm*": "carried them/bore them/supported them", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/forever/ancient time" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.10", "source": "וְהֵ֛מָּה מָר֥וּ וְעִצְּב֖וּ אֶת־ר֣וּחַ קָדְשׁ֑וֹ וַיֵּהָפֵ֥ךְ לָהֶ֛ם לְאוֹיֵ֖ב ה֥וּא נִלְחַם־בָּֽם׃", "text": "And *hēmmāh* *mārû* and *ʿiṣṣĕbû* *ʾet-rûaḥ* his *qodeš*; and he *wayyēhāpēḵ* for them to *ʾôyēb*, *hûʾ* *nilḥam* against them.", "grammar": { "*wĕhēmmāh*": "conjunction waw + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - and they", "*mārû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - rebelled", "*wĕʿiṣṣĕbû*": "conjunction waw + Piel perfect, 3rd person common plural - and grieved", "*ʾet-rûaḥ*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct - the spirit of", "*qodšô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his holiness", "*wayyēhāpēḵ*": "conjunction waw + Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he was turned", "*lāhem*": "preposition lamed with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them", "*lĕʾôyēb*": "preposition lamed + Qal participle, masculine singular - to an enemy", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*nilḥam-bām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + preposition bet with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - fought against them" }, "variants": { "*mārû*": "rebelled/were disobedient/were defiant", "*ʿiṣṣĕbû*": "grieved/pained/hurt/made sad", "*rûaḥ qodšô*": "his holy spirit/his spirit of holiness", "*yēhāpēḵ*": "was turned/was changed/was transformed", "*ʾôyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*nilḥam*": "fought/waged war" } } 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.11", "source": "וַיִּזְכֹּ֥ר יְמֵֽי־עוֹלָ֖ם מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַמּ֑וֹ אַיֵּ֣ה ׀ הַֽמַּעֲלֵ֣ם מִיָּ֗ם אֵ֚ת רֹעֵ֣י צֹאנ֔וֹ אַיֵּ֛ה הַשָּׂ֥ם בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ אֶת־ר֥וּחַ קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And he *wayyizkōr* *yĕmê*-*ʿôlām*, *mōšeh* his *ʿammô*. Where is *hammaʿălēm* from *yām* *ʾēt* *rōʿê* his *ṣōʾnô*? Where is *haśśām* within *qirbô* *ʾet-rûaḥ* his *qodšô*?", "grammar": { "*wayyizkōr*": "conjunction waw + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he remembered", "*yĕmê-ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine plural construct + noun, masculine singular - days of old", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿammô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*ʾayyēh*": "interrogative adverb - where", "*hammaʿălēm*": "article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - the one bringing them up", "*miyyām*": "preposition min + noun, masculine singular - from the sea", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*rōʿê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - shepherds of", "*ṣōʾnô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his flock", "*haśśām*": "article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the one who put", "*bĕqirbô*": "preposition bet + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - within him/in his midst", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*qodšô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his holiness" }, "variants": { "*yizkōr*": "remembered/recalled/brought to mind", "*yĕmê-ʿôlām*": "days of old/ancient days/days of eternity", "*hammaʿălēm*": "the one bringing them up/the one causing them to ascend", "*rōʿê*": "shepherds/pastors/keepers", "*śām*": "put/placed/established", "*qirbô*": "his midst/within him/among them", "*rûaḥ qodšô*": "his holy spirit/his spirit of holiness" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.12", "source": "מוֹלִיךְ֙ לִימִ֣ין מֹשֶׁ֔ה זְר֖וֹעַ תִּפְאַרְתּ֑וֹ בּ֤וֹקֵֽעַ מַ֙יִם֙ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֔ם לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת ל֖וֹ שֵׁ֥ם עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*môlîḵ* at the right of *mōšeh* *zĕrôaʿ* his *tipʾartô*, *bôqēaʿ* *mayim* from *pĕnêhem*, to *laʿăśôt* for him *šēm* *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*môlîḵ*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - causing to go/leading", "*lîmîn*": "preposition lamed + noun, feminine singular construct - at the right of", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*zĕrôaʿ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - arm of", "*tipʾartô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his glory", "*bôqēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - cleaving/dividing", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*mippĕnêhem*": "preposition min + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from before them", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition lamed + Qal infinitive construct - to make", "*lô*": "preposition lamed with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for himself", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - everlasting/eternity" }, "variants": { "*môlîḵ*": "leading/causing to go/guiding", "*zĕrôaʿ*": "arm/strength/power", "*tipʾartô*": "his glory/his beauty/his splendor", "*bôqēaʿ*": "cleaving/dividing/splitting", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/renown", "*ʿôlām*": "everlasting/eternal/perpetual" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.13", "source": "מוֹלִיכָ֖ם בַּתְּהֹמ֑וֹת כַּסּ֥וּס בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר לֹ֥א יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ׃", "text": "*môlîḵām* in the *tĕhōmôt*, like the *sûs* in the *midbār* they did not *yikkāšēlû*.", "grammar": { "*môlîḵām*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - leading them", "*battĕhōmôt*": "preposition bet + article + noun, feminine plural - in the deeps", "*kassûs*": "preposition kaf + article + noun, masculine singular - like the horse", "*bammidbār*": "preposition bet + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yikkāšēlû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they stumbled" }, "variants": { "*môlîḵām*": "leading them/guiding them/causing them to go", "*tĕhōmôt*": "deeps/depths/abysses", "*sûs*": "horse/steed", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*yikkāšēlû*": "stumbled/fell/tottered" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.14", "source": "כַּבְּהֵמָה֙ בַּבִּקְעָ֣ה תֵרֵ֔ד ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה תְּנִיחֶ֑נּוּ כֵּ֚ן נִהַ֣גְתָּ עַמְּךָ֔ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לְךָ֖ שֵׁ֥ם תִּפְאָֽרֶת׃", "text": "Like the *bĕhēmāh* in the *biqʿāh* *tērēd*, *rûaḥ* *YHWH* *tĕnîḥennû*; thus *nihagtā* your *ʿammĕḵā*, to *laʿăśôt* for yourself *šēm* *tipʾāret*.", "grammar": { "*kabbĕhēmāh*": "preposition kaf + article + noun, feminine singular - like the cattle", "*babbiqʿāh*": "preposition bet + article + noun, feminine singular - in the valley", "*tērēd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - goes down", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*tĕnîḥennû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - causes it to rest", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*nihagtā*": "Piel perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you led", "*ʿammĕḵā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition lamed + Qal infinitive construct - to make", "*lĕḵā*": "preposition lamed with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for yourself", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*tipʾāret*": "noun, feminine singular - beauty/glory" }, "variants": { "*bĕhēmāh*": "cattle/beast/animal", "*biqʿāh*": "valley/plain", "*tērēd*": "goes down/descends", "*tĕnîḥennû*": "causes it to rest/gives it rest/makes it settle", "*nihagtā*": "you led/you guided/you drove", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/renown", "*tipʾāret*": "beauty/glory/splendor" } }
  • Hos 12:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.12.13", "source": "וַיִּבְרַ֥ח יַעֲקֹ֖ב שְׂדֵ֣ה אֲרָ֑ם וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּאִשָּׁ֔ה וּבְאִשָּׁ֖ה שָׁמָֽר׃", "text": "*way-yibraḥ* *yaʿăqōb* *śĕdēh* *ʾărām* *way-yaʿăbōd* *yiśrāʾēl* for-*ʾiššâ* *û-bĕ-ʾiššâ* *šāmār*", "grammar": { "*way-yibraḥ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he fled", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*śĕdēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - field of", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram", "*way-yaʿăbōd*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he served", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife", "*û-bĕ*": "conjunction + preposition - and for", "*ʾiššâ*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife", "*šāmār*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he kept/guarded/watched" }, "variants": { "*yibraḥ*": "fled/escaped", "*śĕdēh*": "field/country/territory", "*yaʿăbōd*": "served/worked/labored", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife", "*šāmār*": "kept/watched/tended/guarded" } }