Verse 18

{ "verseID": "1 Samuel.23.18", "source": "וַיִּכְרְת֧וּ שְׁנֵיהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב דָּוִד֙ בַּחֹ֔רְשָׁה וִיהוֹנָתָ֖ן הָלַ֥ךְ לְבֵיתֽוֹ", "text": "And *wayyikrᵊtû* *šᵊnêhem* *bᵊrît* before *YHWH*; and *wayyēšeb* *Dāwid* in the *ḥōrᵊšāh* and *wîhônātān* *hālak* to his house", "grammar": { "*wayyikrᵊtû*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they cut", "*šᵊnêhem*": "numeral dual construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - both of them", "*bᵊrît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*wayyēšeb*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he remained", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular", "*baḥōrᵊšāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the thicket/wood", "*wîhônātān*": "waw-conjunctive + proper noun, masculine singular - and Jonathan", "*hālak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house" }, "variants": { "*wayyikrᵊtû*": "and they cut/and they made/and they established", "*šᵊnêhem*": "both of them/the two of them", "*bᵊrît*": "covenant/agreement/pact", "*lipnê*": "before/in the presence of/in front of", "*wayyēšeb*": "and he remained/and he stayed/and he dwelled", "*baḥōrᵊšāh*": "in the thicket/in the wood/in the forest", "*hālak*": "went/walked/returned" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • 1 Sam 18:3 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.3", "source": "וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִ֑ית בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ אֹת֖וֹ כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And *wa-yikrōt* *Yəhônātān* and *Dāwid* *bərît*, in *ʾahăbātô* *ʾōtô* as *napšô*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yikrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he cut/made", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*wə-Dāwid*": "conjunction + proper noun - and David", "*bərît*": "feminine singular noun - covenant", "*bə-ʾahăbātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - in/because of his love", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3ms suffix - him", "*kə-napšô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - as his own soul/self" }, "variants": { "*kārat bərît*": "cut/make a covenant", "*ʾahăbâ*": "love/affection/devotion", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person/being" } }
  • 1 Sam 20:42 : 42 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.42", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן לְדָוִ֖ד לֵ֣ךְ לְשָׁל֑וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּ שְׁנֵ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ בְּשֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֞ה יִֽהְיֶ֣ה ׀ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעִ֛י וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yəhônātān* to *Dāwid*, *lēk* to *šālôm*; that *nišbaʿnû* *šənênû* *ʾănaḥnû* in *šēm* *YHWH* *lēʾmōr*, *YHWH* *yihyeh* between me and between you and between my *zarʿî* and between your *zarʿăkā* until-*ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lēk*": "qal imperative ms - go", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*nišbaʿnû*": "niphal perfect 1cp - we have sworn", "*šənênû*": "numeral, masculine dual + 1cp suffix - our two/both of us", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "personal pronoun 1cp - we", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will be", "*zarʿî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1cs suffix - my seed/offspring", "*zarʿăkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2ms suffix - your seed/offspring", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*lēk ləšālôm*": "go in peace (formal farewell)", "*šēm YHWH*": "name of the LORD (idiom for authority/presence)", "*zarʿî*": "my seed/my offspring/my descendants", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity" } }
  • 2 Sam 21:7 : 7 { "verseID": "2Samuel.21.7", "source": "וַיַּחְמֹ֣ל הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ עַל־מְפִי־בֹ֖שֶׁת בֶּן־יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בֶּן־שָׁא֑וּל עַל־שְׁבֻעַ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֵּֽינֹתָ֔ם בֵּ֣ין דָּוִ֔ד וּבֵ֖ין יְהוֹנָתָ֥ן בֶּן־שָׁאֽוּל", "text": "But *wayyaḥmōl* the-*melek* on-*Mĕpî-bōšet* *ben*-*Yĕhônātān* *ben*-*Šāʾûl*, because-of-*šĕbûʿat* *YHWH* *ʾăšer* *bênôtām*, between *Dāwid* and-between *Yĕhônātān* *ben*-*Šāʾûl*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaḥmōl*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he spared", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*Mĕpî-bōšet*": "proper noun - Mephibosheth", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yĕhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*šĕbûʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - oath of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*bênôtām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - between them", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḥmōl*": "spared/had compassion on/pitied", "*šĕbûʿat*": "oath/vow/pledge" } }
  • 2 Sam 9:1 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.9.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד הֲכִ֣י יֶשׁ־ע֔וֹד אֲשֶׁ֥ר נוֹתַ֖ר לְבֵ֣ית שָׁא֑וּל וְאֶעֱשֶׂ֤ה עִמּוֹ֙ חֶ֔סֶד בַּעֲב֖וּר יְהוֹנָתָֽן׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* Q *yēš-ʿôd* *ʾăšer* *nôtar* *lə-bêt* *Šāʾûl* *wə-ʾeʿĕśeh* *ʿimmô* *ḥesed* *baʿăbûr* *Yəhônātān*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "Q": "interrogative particle - is there?", "*yēš-ʿôd*": "existential particle + adverb - still remains", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*nôtar*": "niphal perfect 3ms - is left/remains", "*lə-bêt*": "preposition + noun construct - to/for the house of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*wə-ʾeʿĕśeh*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 1cs cohortative - that I may do", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him", "*ḥesed*": "noun ms - lovingkindness/covenant faithfulness", "*baʿăbûr*": "preposition + noun - for the sake of", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan" }, "variants": { "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/covenant faithfulness/mercy/loyal love", "*baʿăbûr*": "because of/for the sake of/on account of" } }
  • 1 Sam 20:12-17 : 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּֽי־אֶחְקֹ֣ר אֶת־אָבִ֗י כָּעֵ֤ת ׀ מָחָר֙ הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֔ית וְהִנֵּה־ט֖וֹב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְלֹֽא־אָז֙ אֶשְׁלַ֣ח אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֖יתִי אֶת־אָזְנֶֽךָ", "text": "And *amar* *Yehonatan* to *David*, \"*YHWH Elohei Yisrael*, when *echqor* *av* my about this time tomorrow or the third day, and behold, *tov* toward *David*, and not then *eshlach* to you and *galiti* *ozen* your?\"", "grammar": { "*amar*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*Yehonatan*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*David*": "proper noun - David", "*YHWH Elohei Yisrael*": "divine name + noun masculine plural construct + proper noun - YHWH God of Israel", "*echqor*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will sound out", "*av*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my father", "*tov*": "adjective masculine singular - good", "*eshlach*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will send", "*galiti*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I have uncovered", "*ozen*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ear" }, "variants": { "*amar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*echqor*": "I will sound out/I will investigate/I will examine", "*tov*": "good/favorable/well-disposed", "*eshlach*": "I will send/I will dispatch", "*galiti*": "I have uncovered/I have revealed/I have disclosed", "*ozen*": "ear/hearing" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.13", "source": "כֹּֽה־יַעֲשֶׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה לִֽיהוֹנָתָ֜ן וְכֹ֣ה יֹסִ֗יף כִּֽי־יֵיטִ֨ב אֶל־אָבִ֤י אֶת־הָֽרָעָה֙ עָלֶ֔יךָ וְגָלִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־אָזְנֶ֔ךָ וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֖יךָ וְהָלַכְתָּ֣ לְשָׁל֑וֹם וִיהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר הָיָ֖ה עִם־אָבִֽי", "text": "So *ya'aseh* *YHWH* to *Yehonatan* and so *yosif* if *yeitiv* to *av* my the *ra'ah* against you and not *galiti* *ozen* your and *shilachtikha* and *halakhta* to *shalom*. And *yehi* *YHWH* with you as *hayah* with *av* my.", "grammar": { "*ya'aseh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he do", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*Yehonatan*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*yosif*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he add", "*yeitiv*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - seems good", "*av*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my father", "*ra'ah*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the evil/harm", "*galiti*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I will uncover", "*ozen*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your ear", "*shilachtikha*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will send you away", "*halakhta*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will go", "*shalom*": "noun masculine singular - peace", "*yehi*": "Qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - may he be", "*hayah*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he was" }, "variants": { "*ya'aseh*": "may do/let do", "*yosif*": "may add/add further/do more", "*yeitiv*": "seems good/pleases/is pleasing", "*ra'ah*": "evil/harm/calamity", "*galiti*": "I will uncover/I will reveal/I will disclose", "*ozen*": "ear/hearing", "*shilachtikha*": "I will send you away/I will let you go", "*halakhta*": "you will go/you will walk/you will depart", "*shalom*": "peace/safety/welfare", "*yehi*": "may he be/let him be", "*hayah*": "he was/he has been" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.14", "source": "וְלֹ֖א אִם־עוֹדֶ֣נִּי חָ֑י וְלֹֽא־תַעֲשֶׂ֧ה עִמָּדִ֛י חֶ֥סֶד יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א אָמֽוּת׃", "text": "And *lōʾ* if-*ʿôdennî* *ḥāy* and *lōʾ*-*taʿăśeh* with-me *ḥesed* *YHWH* and *lōʾ* *ʾāmût*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not', here in oath formula creating positive assertion", "*ʿôdennî*": "adverb with 1st person singular suffix - 'yet/still I'", "*ḥāy*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'living/alive'", "*taʿăśeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'you will do/show'", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'lovingkindness/covenant loyalty'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*ʾāmût*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - 'I will die'" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ*": "not/certainly (in oath formula)", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/covenant loyalty/steadfast love/mercy", "*ʿôdennî*": "while I am still/yet I am" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.15", "source": "וְלֹֽא־תַכְרִ֧ת אֶֽת־חַסְדְּךָ֛ מֵעִ֥ם בֵּיתִ֖י עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם וְלֹ֗א בְּהַכְרִ֤ת יְהוָה֙ אֶת־אֹיְבֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אִ֕ישׁ מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "And *lōʾ*-*takrit* *ʾet*-*ḥasdekā* from-with *bêtî* until-*ʿôlām*; and *lōʾ* in-*hakrit* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*ʾōyebê* *dāwid*, *ʾîš* from-upon *penê* *hāʾădāmâ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not', here in oath formula creating positive assertion", "*takrit*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'you will cut off'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥasdekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your lovingkindness'", "*bêtî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'my house'", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - 'forever/perpetuity'", "*hakrit*": "verb, Hiphil infinitive construct - 'cutting off'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*ʾōyebê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'enemies of'", "*dāwid*": "proper name - 'David'", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - 'each man/everyone'", "*penê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'face of'", "*hāʾădāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the ground/land'" }, "variants": { "*lōʾ*": "not/certainly (in oath formula)", "*ḥasdekā*": "your lovingkindness/your covenant loyalty/your steadfast love", "*takrit*": "you will cut off/destroy/remove", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*hakrit*": "when cuts off/when destroys/when removes", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/everyone", "*penê*": "face of/surface of", "*hāʾădāmâ*": "the ground/the earth/the land" } } 16 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.16", "source": "וַיִּכְרֹ֥ת יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן עִם־בֵּ֣ית דָּוִ֑ד וּבִקֵּ֣שׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִיַּ֖ד אֹיְבֵ֥י דָוִֽד׃", "text": "And *wayyikrōt* *yehônātān* with-*bêt* *dāwid*; and *biqqēš* *YHWH* from-*yad* *ʾōyebê* *dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wayyikrōt*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he cut (covenant)'", "*yehônātān*": "proper name - 'Jonathan'", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'", "*dāwid*": "proper name - 'David'", "*biqqēš*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he required/sought'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'hand of'", "*ʾōyebê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'enemies of'" }, "variants": { "*wayyikrōt*": "and he cut/made (covenant with)", "*bêt*": "house/household/family of", "*biqqēš*": "sought/required/demanded", "*yad*": "hand/power/agency" } } 17 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.17", "source": "וַיּ֤וֹסֶף יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ לְהַשְׁבִּ֣יעַ אֶת־דָּוִ֔ד בְּאַהֲבָת֖וֹ אֹת֑וֹ כִּֽי־אַהֲבַ֥ת נַפְשׁ֖וֹ אֲהֵבֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyôsep* *yehônātān* *lehaškpîaʿ* *ʾet*-*dāwid* in-*ʾahăbâtô* *ʾōtô*; for-*ʾahăbat* *napšô* *ʾăhēbô*", "grammar": { "*wayyôsep*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he added/continued'", "*yehônātān*": "proper name - 'Jonathan'", "*lehaškpîaʿ*": "preposition with Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to make swear'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dāwid*": "proper name - 'David'", "*ʾahăbâtô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his love'", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'him'", "*ʾahăbat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'love of'", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his soul'", "*ʾăhēbô*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'he loved him'" }, "variants": { "*wayyôsep*": "and he added/continued/proceeded", "*lehaškpîaʿ*": "to cause to swear/to make take an oath", "*ʾahăbâtô*": "his love for", "*napšô*": "his soul/life/self", "*ʾăhēbô*": "he loved him" } }