Verse 5

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.11.5", "source": "וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֛ה לָכֶ֖ם בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר עַד־בֹּאֲכֶ֖ם עַד־הַמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And which *ʿāśāh* to-you in-*hammidbar* until-*bōʾăḵem* unto-*hammāqôm* *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿāśāh*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made", "*lā-*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to/for you", "*-kem*": "2nd person masculine plural suffix - you", "*ba-*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*midbar*": "noun masculine singular - wilderness/desert", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*bōʾăḵem*": "verb qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your coming", "*ʿad*": "preposition - unto/to", "*hammāqôm*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the place", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśāh*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*hammidbar*": "the wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*bōʾăḵem*": "your coming/arrival/entering", "*hammāqôm* *hazzeh*": "this place/this location/this site" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Ps 77:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.77.20", "source": "בַּיָּ֤ם דַּרְכֶּ֗ךָ וּֽ֭שְׁבִֽילְךָ בְּמַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וְ֝עִקְּבוֹתֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א נֹדָֽעוּ", "text": "In-the-*yām* *darkeḵā* and-*šəḇîləḵā* in-*mayim* *rabbîm* and-*ʿiqqəḇôṯeḵā* not *nōḏāʿû*", "grammar": { "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed 'bə' and definite article - in the sea", "*darkeḵā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your way", "*šəḇîləḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your path", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with prefixed 'bə' - in waters", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - many", "*ʿiqqəḇôṯeḵā*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your footprints", "*nōḏāʿû*": "3rd person plural niphal perfect - they were known" }, "variants": { "*yām*": "sea/ocean", "*darkeḵā*": "your way/your path/your journey", "*šəḇîləḵā*": "your path/your track/your course", "*mayim*": "waters/seas", "*rabbîm*": "many/great/mighty", "*ʿiqqəḇôṯeḵā*": "your footprints/your tracks/your traces", "*nōḏāʿû*": "were known/were recognized/were discovered" } }
  • Ps 78:14-72 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.14", "source": "וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם בֶּעָנָ֣ן יוֹמָ֑ם וְכָל־הַ֝לַּ֗יְלָה בְּא֣וֹר אֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And he *wayyanḥēm* in *beʿānān* by *yômām* and all-*wᵉḵāl*-the *hallaylâ* in light of *bᵉʾôr* *ʾēš*", "grammar": { "*wayyanḥēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he led them", "*beʿānān*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with/by a cloud", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day/daily", "*wᵉḵāl*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine singular construct - and all of", "*hallaylâ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*bᵉʾôr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in/with light of", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire" }, "variants": { "*wayyanḥēm*": "and he led them/guided them", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloud mass", "*yômām*": "by day/daily/daytime", "*ʾôr*": "light/illumination/brightness", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame" } } 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.15", "source": "יְבַקַּ֣ע צֻ֭רִים בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַ֝יַּ֗שְׁקְ כִּתְהֹמ֥וֹת רַבָּֽה׃", "text": "He *yᵉḇaqqaʿ* *ṣûrîm* in the *bammiḏbār* and he *wayyašq* like *kitᵉhōmôt* *rabbâ*", "grammar": { "*yᵉḇaqqaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he split/broke open", "*ṣûrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rocks", "*bammiḏbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness/desert", "*wayyašq*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave drink", "*kitᵉhōmôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - like depths/deep places", "*rabbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/many/abundant" }, "variants": { "*yᵉḇaqqaʿ*": "split/broke open/cleaved/divided", "*ṣûrîm*": "rocks/cliffs/rocky places", "*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*wayyašq*": "and he gave drink/caused to drink/watered", "*tᵉhōmôt*": "depths/deep places/abysses/oceans", "*rabbâ*": "great/many/abundant/plentiful" } } 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.16", "source": "וַיּוֹצִ֣א נוֹזְלִ֣ים מִסָּ֑לַע וַיּ֖וֹרֶד כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת מָֽיִם׃", "text": "And he *wayyôṣiʾ* *nôzᵉlîm* from *missālaʿ* and he caused to run down *wayyôreḏ* like the *kannᵉhārôt* *māyim*", "grammar": { "*wayyôṣiʾ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought out", "*nôzᵉlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - flowing streams", "*missālaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from rock/cliff", "*wayyôreḏ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to run down", "*kannᵉhārôt*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - like the rivers", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters" }, "variants": { "*wayyôṣiʾ*": "and he brought out/caused to come forth/produced", "*nôzᵉlîm*": "flowing streams/flowing things/floods", "*sālaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*wayyôreḏ*": "and he caused to run down/sent down/made flow", "*nᵉhārôt*": "rivers/streams/flowing waters" } } 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.17", "source": "וַיּוֹסִ֣יפוּ ע֖‪[d]‬וֹד לַחֲטֹא־ל֑וֹ לַֽמְר֥וֹת עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן בַּצִּיָּֽה׃", "text": "And they *wayyôsîp̄û* *ʿôḏ* to sin against-*laḥăṭōʾ*-him to rebel against *lamrôt* *ʿelyôn* in the *baṣṣiyyâ*", "grammar": { "*wayyôsîp̄û*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they continued/added", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*laḥăṭōʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sin against", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*lamrôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to rebel against/provoke", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - Most High", "*baṣṣiyyâ*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - in the dry/parched region" }, "variants": { "*wayyôsîp̄û*": "and they continued/added/increased/did more", "*laḥăṭōʾ*": "to sin against/offend/miss the mark", "*lamrôt*": "to rebel against/provoke/be contentious with", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest/Supreme", "*ṣiyyâ*": "dry region/parched land/desert" } } 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.18", "source": "וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֥ל בִּלְבָבָ֑ם לִֽשְׁאָל־אֹ֥כֶל לְנַפְשָֽׁם׃", "text": "And they *wayᵉnassû*-*ʾēl* in their *bilḇāḇām* to ask-*lišʾāl*-*ʾōḵel* for their *lᵉnap̄šām*", "grammar": { "*wayᵉnassû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they tested/tried", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*bilḇāḇām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their heart", "*lišʾāl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to ask/request", "*ʾōḵel*": "noun, masculine singular - food", "*lᵉnap̄šām*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for their appetite/desire" }, "variants": { "*wayᵉnassû*": "and they tested/tried/put to the test", "*ʾēl*": "God/mighty one/power", "*lēḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person", "*lišʾāl*": "to ask/request/demand", "*ʾōḵel*": "food/nourishment/provisions", "*nep̄eš*": "appetite/desire/life/self/person" } } 19 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.19", "source": "וַֽיְדַבְּר֗וּ בֵּֽאלֹ֫הִ֥ים אָ֭מְרוּ הֲי֣וּכַל אֵ֑ל לַעֲרֹ֥ךְ שֻׁ֝לְחָ֗ן בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "And they *wayᵉḏabbᵉrû* against *bēʾlōhîm* they *ʾāmᵉrû* is *hăyûḵal* *ʾēl* to prepare *laʿărōḵ* *šulḥān* in the *bammiḏbār*", "grammar": { "*wayᵉḏabbᵉrû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they spoke", "*bēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - against God", "*ʾāmᵉrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they said", "*hăyûḵal*": "interrogative + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is able", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*laʿărōḵ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to prepare/arrange", "*šulḥān*": "noun, masculine singular - table", "*bammiḏbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*wayᵉḏabbᵉrû*": "and they spoke/talked/said", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges", "*hăyûḵal*": "is able/can/is capable", "*ʾēl*": "God/mighty one/power", "*laʿărōḵ*": "to prepare/arrange/set in order", "*šulḥān*": "table/meal/feast", "*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.20", "source": "הֵ֤ן הִכָּה־צ֨וּר ׀ וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מַיִם֮ וּנְחָלִ֢ים יִ֫שְׁטֹ֥פוּ הֲגַם־לֶ֭חֶם י֣וּכַל תֵּ֑ת אִם־יָכִ֖ין שְׁאֵ֣ר לְעַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Behold *hēn* he struck-*hikkâ*-*ṣûr* and *wayyāzûḇû* *mayim* and *ûnᵉḥālîm* *yišṭōp̄û* is also-*hăḡam*-*leḥem* he *yûḵal* *tēt* if-*ʾim*-he can prepare *yāḵîn* *šᵉʾēr* for his *lᵉʿammô*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "interjection - behold/look", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he struck", "*ṣûr*": "noun, masculine singular - rock", "*wayyāzûḇû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they gushed out", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*ûnᵉḥālîm*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine plural - and streams/wadis", "*yišṭōp̄û*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they overflow/flood", "*hăḡam*": "interrogative + adverb - is also/even", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*yûḵal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is able", "*tēt*": "qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*yāḵîn*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he can prepare", "*šᵉʾēr*": "noun, masculine singular - meat/flesh/food", "*lᵉʿammô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for his people" }, "variants": { "*hikkâ*": "struck/smote/hit", "*ṣûr*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*wayyāzûḇû*": "and they gushed out/flowed freely", "*nᵉḥālîm*": "streams/wadis/torrents", "*yišṭōp̄û*": "they overflow/flood/rush", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain", "*yûḵal*": "he is able/can/is capable", "*tēt*": "to give/grant/place", "*yāḵîn*": "he can prepare/provide/make ready", "*šᵉʾēr*": "meat/flesh/food" } } 21 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.21", "source": "לָכֵ֤ן ׀ שָׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֗ה וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֥ר וְ֭אֵשׁ נִשְּׂקָ֣ה בְיַעֲקֹ֑ב וְגַם־אַ֝֗ף עָלָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "Therefore *lāḵēn* *šāmaʿ* *YHWH* and was *wayyitʿabbār* and *wᵉʾēš* *niśśᵉqâ* in *ḇᵉyaʿăqōḇ* and also-*wᵉḡam*-anger *ʾap̄* *ʿālâ* in *ḇᵉyiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he heard", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyitʿabbār*": "waw consecutive + hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he became angry", "*wᵉʾēš*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine singular - and fire", "*niśśᵉqâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was kindled", "*ḇᵉyaʿăqōḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jacob", "*wᵉḡam*": "waw conjunctive + adverb - and also/even", "*ʾap̄*": "noun, masculine singular - anger/nose", "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - arose/went up", "*ḇᵉyiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel" }, "variants": { "*lāḵēn*": "therefore/thus/for this reason", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened to/heeded", "*wayyitʿabbār*": "and he became angry/was furious/raged", "*niśśᵉqâ*": "was kindled/ignited/set ablaze", "*ʾap̄*": "anger/wrath/nose", "*ʿālâ*": "arose/went up/mounted" } } 22 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.22", "source": "כִּ֤י לֹ֣א הֶ֭אֱמִינוּ בֵּאלֹהִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א בָ֝טְח֗וּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "Because *kî* not *lōʾ* *heʾĕmînû* in *bēʾlōhîm* and not *wᵉlōʾ* *bāṭᵉḥû* in his *bîšûʿātô*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*heʾĕmînû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they believed", "*bēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - in God", "*wᵉlōʾ*": "waw conjunctive + negative particle - and not", "*bāṭᵉḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they trusted", "*bîšûʿātô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his salvation/deliverance" }, "variants": { "*heʾĕmînû*": "they believed/had faith in/trusted", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges", "*bāṭᵉḥû*": "they trusted/relied on/were confident in", "*yᵉšûʿâ*": "salvation/deliverance/victory/help" } } 23 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.23", "source": "וַיְצַ֣ו שְׁחָקִ֣ים מִמָּ֑עַל וְדַלְתֵ֖י שָׁמַ֣יִם פָּתָֽח׃", "text": "Yet he *wayᵉṣaw* *šᵉḥāqîm* from above *mimmāʿal* and doors of *wᵉḏaltê* *šāmayim* he *pātāḥ*", "grammar": { "*wayᵉṣaw*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he commanded", "*šᵉḥāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - clouds/skies", "*mimmāʿal*": "preposition + adverb - from above", "*wᵉḏaltê*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine dual construct - and doors/gates of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heaven/sky", "*pātāḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he opened" }, "variants": { "*wayᵉṣaw*": "and he commanded/ordered/directed", "*šᵉḥāqîm*": "clouds/skies/heavens", "*mimmāʿal*": "from above/overhead/in the heights", "*ḏaltê*": "doors/gates/entrances", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*pātāḥ*": "opened/unlocked/set free" } } 24 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.24", "source": "וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם מָ֣ן לֶאֱכֹ֑ל וּדְגַן־שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "And he *wayyamṭēr* upon them *ʿălêhem* *mān* to *leʾěḵōl* and grain of-*ûḏᵉḡan*-*šāmayim* *nātan* to them *lāmô*", "grammar": { "*wayyamṭēr*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to rain down", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*mān*": "noun, masculine singular - manna", "*leʾěḵōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*ûḏᵉḡan*": "waw conjunctive + noun, masculine singular construct - and grain of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heaven/sky", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he gave", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*wayyamṭēr*": "and he caused to rain down/showered", "*mān*": "manna/what is it?/heavenly food", "*ḏāḡān*": "grain/corn/cereal", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*nātan*": "gave/granted/placed", "*lāmô*": "to them/for them" } } 25 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.25", "source": "לֶ֣חֶם אַ֭בִּירִים אָ֣כַל אִ֑ישׁ צֵידָ֬ה שָׁלַ֖ח לָהֶ֣ם לָשֹֽׂבַע׃", "text": "Bread of *leḥem* *ʾabbîrîm* *ʾāḵal* *ʾîš* *ṣêḏâ* he *šālaḥ* to them *lāhem* to *lāśōḇaʿ*", "grammar": { "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - bread of", "*ʾabbîrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - mighty ones/angels", "*ʾāḵal*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he ate", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ṣêḏâ*": "noun, feminine singular - provision/food", "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he sent", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lāśōḇaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to satisfaction/fullness" }, "variants": { "*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain", "*ʾabbîrîm*": "mighty ones/angels/nobles/powerful ones", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/person", "*ṣêḏâ*": "provision/food/sustenance", "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched/let go", "*śōḇaʿ*": "satisfaction/fullness/abundance" } } 26 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.26", "source": "יַסַּ֣ע קָ֭דִים בַּשָּׁמָ֑יִם וַיְנַהֵ֖ג בְּעֻזּ֣וֹ תֵימָֽן׃", "text": "He caused to blow *yassaʿ* *qāḏîm* in the *baššāmāyim* and he *wayᵉnahēḡ* in his *bᵉʿuzzô* *têmān*", "grammar": { "*yassaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he caused to blow/move", "*qāḏîm*": "noun, masculine singular - east wind", "*baššāmāyim*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine plural - in the heaven/sky", "*wayᵉnahēḡ*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he drove/guided", "*bᵉʿuzzô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in/by his strength", "*têmān*": "noun, masculine singular - south wind" }, "variants": { "*yassaʿ*": "he caused to blow/move/depart", "*qāḏîm*": "east wind/eastern direction", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*wayᵉnahēḡ*": "and he drove/guided/led", "*ʿōz*": "strength/might/power", "*têmān*": "south wind/southern direction" } } 27 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.27", "source": "וַיַּמְטֵ֬ר עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּעָפָ֣ר שְׁאֵ֑ר וּֽכְח֥וֹל יַ֝מִּ֗ים ע֣וֹף כָּנָֽף׃", "text": "*wə-yamṭēr* upon-them like-*ʿāphār* *šəʾēr* and-like-*ḥōl* *yammîm* *ʿōph* *kānāph*", "grammar": { "*wə-yamṭēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he caused to rain", "*ʿāphār*": "masculine singular noun in construct state - dust of", "*šəʾēr*": "masculine singular noun - flesh/meat/food", "*ḥōl*": "masculine singular construct - sand of", "*yammîm*": "masculine plural noun - seas", "*ʿōph*": "masculine singular noun - flying creatures/birds", "*kānāph*": "masculine singular noun - wing" }, "variants": { "*šəʾēr*": "flesh/meat/kinsman/food", "*ʿōph*": "birds/flying creatures", "*kānāph*": "wing/extremity/edge" } } 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.28", "source": "וַ֭יַּפֵּל בְּקֶ֣רֶב מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ סָ֝בִ֗יב לְמִשְׁכְּנֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*wə-yappēl* in-*qereb* *maḥănēhū* *sābîb* *lə-miškənōtāyw*", "grammar": { "*wə-yappēl*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he caused to fall", "*qereb*": "masculine singular noun in construct state - midst of", "*maḥănēhū*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his camp", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*lə-miškənōtāyw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to/for his dwelling places" }, "variants": { "*qereb*": "midst/among/within", "*sābîb*": "round about/surrounding/on all sides" } } 29 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.29", "source": "וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ וַיִּשְׂבְּע֣וּ מְאֹ֑ד וְ֝תַֽאֲוָתָ֗ם יָבִ֥א לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾklû* *wə-yiśbəʿû* *məʾōd* *wə-taʾăwātām* *yābīʾ* to-them", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾklû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they ate", "*wə-yiśbəʿû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they were satisfied/filled", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wə-taʾăwātām*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their desire/craving", "*yābīʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he brought/would bring" }, "variants": { "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*taʾăwātām*": "desire/craving/longing" } } 30 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.30", "source": "לֹא־זָ֥רוּ מִתַּאֲוָתָ֑ם ע֝֗וֹד אָכְלָ֥ם בְּפִיהֶֽם׃", "text": "not-*zārû* from-*taʾăwātām* *ʿōd* *ʾoklām* in-*pîhem*", "grammar": { "*zārû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were estranged/alienated", "*taʾăwātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their desire/craving", "*ʿōd*": "adverb - still/yet/while", "*ʾoklām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their food", "*pîhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth" }, "variants": { "*zārû*": "turned aside/estranged/alienated", "*taʾăwātām*": "desire/craving/longing", "*ʿōd*": "still/yet/while/again" } } 31 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.31", "source": "וְאַ֤ף אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ עָ֘לָ֤ה בָהֶ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּהֲרֹג בְּמִשְׁמַנֵּיהֶ֑ם וּבַחוּרֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִכְרִֽיעַ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾaph* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʿālāh* in-them *wə-yaharōg* among-*mišmannêhem* and-*baḥûrê* *yiśrāʾēl* *hikrîaʿ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾaph*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct noun - and anger of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - rose/went up", "*wə-yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he killed/slew", "*mišmannêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fat ones", "*baḥûrê*": "masculine plural construct noun - chosen/young men of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hikrîaʿ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to bow down/brought down" }, "variants": { "*ʾaph*": "nose/anger/wrath", "*mišmannêhem*": "fat ones/stout ones/strongest ones", "*baḥûrê*": "chosen men/young men", "*hikrîaʿ*": "made to bow/brought down/struck down" } } 32 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.32", "source": "בְּכָל־זֹ֥את חָֽטְאוּ־ע֑וֹד וְלֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ בְּנִפְלְאוֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "in-all-this *ḥāṭəʾû*-*ʿōd* and-not-*heʾĕmînû* in-*niphləʾōtāyw*", "grammar": { "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they sinned", "*ʿōd*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*heʾĕmînû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural - they believed/trusted", "*niphləʾōtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wonders/wonderful acts" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭəʾû*": "sinned/missed the mark/failed", "*heʾĕmînû*": "believed/trusted/had faith in", "*niphləʾōtāyw*": "wonders/miracles/marvelous deeds" } } 33 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.33", "source": "וַיְכַל־בַּהֶ֥בֶל יְמֵיהֶ֑ם וּ֝שְׁנוֹתָ֗ם בַּבֶּהָלָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yəkal* in-*hahebel* *yəmêhem* and-*šənōtām* in-*bahehālāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəkal*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he consumed/finished", "*hahebel*": "article + masculine singular noun - the vanity/futility", "*yəmêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their days", "*šənōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their years", "*bahehālāh*": "preposition + article + feminine singular noun - in the terror/sudden terror" }, "variants": { "*yəkal*": "consumed/finished/brought to an end", "*hahebel*": "vanity/breath/emptiness/futility", "*bahehālāh*": "terror/sudden terror/dismay/alarm" } } 34 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.34", "source": "אִם־הֲרָגָ֥ם וּדְרָשׁ֑וּהוּ וְ֝שָׁ֗בוּ וְשִֽׁחֲרוּ־אֵֽל׃", "text": "if-*hărāgām* *ûdərāšûhû* *wə-šābû* *wə-šiḥărû*-*ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*hărāgām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he killed them", "*ûdərāšûhû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they sought him", "*wə-šābû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - and they returned/repented", "*wə-šiḥărû*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd masculine plural - and they sought earnestly", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity" }, "variants": { "*hărāgām*": "killed them/slew them", "*dərāšûhû*": "sought him/inquired of him/consulted him", "*šābû*": "returned/repented/turned back", "*šiḥărû*": "sought early/sought earnestly/diligently sought" } } 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.35", "source": "וַֽ֭יִּזְכְּרוּ כִּֽי־אֱלֹהִ֣ים צוּרָ֑ם וְאֵ֥ל עֶ֝לְיוֹן גֹּאֲלָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yizkərû* that-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ṣûrām* and-*ʾēl* *ʿelyōn* *gōʾălām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yizkərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they remembered", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ṣûrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*ʿelyōn*": "masculine singular adjective - high/most high", "*gōʾălām*": "Qal participle masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their redeemer" }, "variants": { "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/their stronghold/their refuge", "*ʿelyōn*": "Most High/highest", "*gōʾălām*": "their redeemer/their kinsman-redeemer" } } 36 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.36", "source": "וַיְפַתּ֥וּהוּ בְּפִיהֶ֑ם וּ֝בִלְשׁוֹנָ֗ם יְכַזְּבוּ־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəphattûhû* with-*pîhem* and-with-*lišōnām* *yəkazzəbû*-to-him", "grammar": { "*wə-yəphattûhû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix with waw consecutive - and they deceived/enticed him", "*pîhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*lišōnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*yəkazzəbû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they lied/deceived" }, "variants": { "*yəphattûhû*": "deceived him/enticed him/seduced him", "*yəkazzəbû*": "lied/deceived/dealt falsely" } } 37 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.37", "source": "וְ֭לִבָּם לֹא־נָכ֣וֹן עִמּ֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א נֶ֝אֶמְנ֗וּ בִּבְרִיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "and-*libbām* not-*nākōn* with-him and-not *neʾemnû* in-*bərîtō*", "grammar": { "*libbām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*nākōn*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - established/firm/faithful", "*neʾemnû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were faithful/trustworthy", "*bərîtō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his covenant" }, "variants": { "*libbām*": "their heart/mind/inner self", "*nākōn*": "established/firm/steadfast/faithful", "*neʾemnû*": "were faithful/were steadfast/were trustworthy" } } 38 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.38", "source": "וְה֤וּא רַח֨וּם ׀ יְכַפֵּ֥ר עָוֺן֮ וְֽלֹא־יַ֫שְׁחִ֥ית וְ֭הִרְבָּה לְהָשִׁ֣יב אַפּ֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־יָ֝עִיר כָּל־חֲמָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "and-he *raḥûm* *yəkappēr* *ʿāwōn* and-not-*yašḥît* *wə-hirbāh* *ləhāšîb* *ʾappō* and-not-*yāʿîr* all-*ḥămātō*", "grammar": { "*raḥûm*": "masculine singular adjective - compassionate/merciful", "*yəkappēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he atones for/covers/forgives", "*ʿāwōn*": "masculine singular noun - iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*yašḥît*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he destroys/ruins", "*wə-hirbāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he multiplied/increased", "*ləhāšîb*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - to turn back/return", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*yāʿîr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he arouses/stirs up", "*ḥămātō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wrath" }, "variants": { "*raḥûm*": "compassionate/merciful", "*yəkappēr*": "atones for/covers/forgives", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for guilt", "*yašḥît*": "destroys/ruins/brings to ruin", "*hirbāh*": "multiplied/increased/did much", "*ləhāšîb*": "to turn back/to return/to withdraw", "*ḥămātō*": "his wrath/his rage/his hot anger" } } 39 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.39", "source": "וַ֭יִּזְכֹּר כִּי־בָשָׂ֣ר הֵ֑מָּה ר֥וּחַ ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ וְלֹ֣א יָשֽׁוּב׃", "text": "*wə-yizkōr* that-*bāśār* *hēmmāh* *rûaḥ* *hōlēk* and-not *yāšûb*", "grammar": { "*wə-yizkōr*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he remembered", "*bāśār*": "masculine singular noun - flesh", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/breath/spirit", "*hōlēk*": "Qal participle masculine singular - going/walking/passing away", "*yāšûb*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he returns" }, "variants": { "*bāśār*": "flesh/body/mankind", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/breath/spirit", "*hōlēk*": "going/passing away/departing", "*yāšûb*": "returns/comes back" } } 40 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.40", "source": "כַּ֭מָּה יַמְר֣וּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר יַ֝עֲצִיב֗וּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃", "text": "how-many *yamrûhû* in-the-*midbār* *yaʿăṣîbûhû* in-*yəšîmōn*", "grammar": { "*yamrûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they rebelled against him/provoked him", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with article - the wilderness/desert", "*yaʿăṣîbûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they grieved him/pained him", "*yəšîmōn*": "masculine singular noun - desert/wasteland" }, "variants": { "*yamrûhû*": "rebelled against him/provoked him/disobeyed him", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*yaʿăṣîbûhû*": "grieved him/pained him/hurt him", "*yəšîmōn*": "desert/wasteland/wilderness" } } 41 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.41", "source": "וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֵ֑ל וּקְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִתְווּ׃", "text": "*wə-yāšûbû* *wə-ynassû* *ʾēl* and-*qədōš* *yiśrāʾēl* *hitwû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšûbû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they returned/turned back", "*wə-ynassû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tested/tried", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*qədōš*": "masculine singular adjective construct - holy one of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hitwû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural - they marked out/limited" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāšûbû*": "returned/turned back/again", "*wə-ynassû*": "tested/tried/put to the proof", "*qədōš*": "holy one/sacred one", "*hitwû*": "marked out/limited/set bounds for" } } 42 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.42", "source": "לֹא־זָכְר֥וּ אֶת־יָד֑וֹ י֝֗וֹם אֲ‍ֽשֶׁר־פָּדָ֥ם מִנִּי־צָֽר׃", "text": "not-*zākrû* *ʾet*-*yādō* *yōm* that-*pādām* from-*ṣār*", "grammar": { "*zākrû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they remembered", "*yādō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*yōm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*pādām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he redeemed them", "*ṣār*": "masculine singular noun - adversary/enemy" }, "variants": { "*yādō*": "his hand/his power", "*pādām*": "redeemed them/ransomed them/rescued them", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/distress" } } 43 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.43", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם בְּ֭מִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מוֹפְתָ֗יו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃", "text": "which-*śām* in-*miṣrayim* *ʾōtōtāyw* and-*mōphətāyw* in-*śədēh*-*ṣōʿan*", "grammar": { "*śām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he placed/set", "*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his signs", "*mōphətāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wonders/portents", "*śədēh*": "masculine singular construct - field of", "*ṣōʿan*": "proper name - Zoan" }, "variants": { "*śām*": "placed/set/established", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "his signs/his tokens/his omens", "*mōphətāyw*": "his wonders/his portents/his miracles", "*śədēh*": "field/countryside/territory" } } 44 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.44", "source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃", "text": "*wə-yahăphōk* to-*dām* *yəʾōrêhem* and-*nōzlêhem* not-*yištāyûn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yahăphōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned/changed", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers/streams", "*nōzlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flowing streams", "*yištāyûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - they could drink" }, "variants": { "*yahăphōk*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "their rivers/their Nile streams/their canals", "*nōzlêhem*": "their flowing streams/their brooks/their water courses", "*yištāyûn*": "could drink/would drink" } } 45 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.45", "source": "יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ* among-them *ʿārōb* *wə-yōʾklēm* and-*ṣəphardēaʿ* *wə-tašḥîtēm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ʿārōb*": "masculine singular noun - swarm/flies", "*wə-yōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and they devoured them", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "feminine singular noun (collective) - frogs", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and it/they destroyed them" }, "variants": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "sent/let loose/sent forth", "*ʿārōb*": "swarm/flies/mixture of insects", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "frogs (collective)", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "destroyed them/brought ruin upon them" } } 46 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.46", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לֶחָסִ֣יל יְבוּלָ֑ם וִֽ֝יגִיעָ֗ם לָאַרְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yittēn* to-*ḥāsîl* *yəbûlām* and-*yəgîʿām* to-the-*ʾarbeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave", "*ḥāsîl*": "masculine singular noun - locust/caterpillar", "*yəbûlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their produce", "*yəgîʿām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their labor/toil", "*ʾarbeh*": "masculine singular noun with article - the locust" }, "variants": { "*ḥāsîl*": "locust/caterpillar/devourer", "*yəbûlām*": "their produce/their crops/their yield", "*yəgîʿām*": "their labor/their toil/fruit of their labor", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper" } } 47 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.47", "source": "יַהֲרֹ֣ג בַּבָּרָ֣ד גַּפְנָ֑ם וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃", "text": "*yaharōg* with-the-*bārād* *gaphnām* and-*šiqmōtām* with-the-*ḥănāmal*", "grammar": { "*yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he killed/destroyed", "*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail", "*gaphnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine", "*šiqmōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sycamore trees", "*ḥănāmal*": "masculine singular noun with article - the frost/sleet" }, "variants": { "*yaharōg*": "killed/destroyed/slew", "*gaphnām*": "their vine/their vineyard", "*šiqmōtām*": "their sycamore trees/their fig-mulberry trees", "*ḥănāmal*": "frost/sleet/hail" } } 48 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.48", "source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַבָּרָ֣ד בְּעִירָ֑ם וּ֝מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם לָרְשָׁפִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yasgēr* to-the-*bārād* *bəʿîrām* and-*miqnêhem* to-*rəšāphîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over/gave up", "*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail", "*bəʿîrām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cattle/beasts", "*miqnêhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their livestock/cattle", "*rəšāphîm*": "masculine plural noun - flames/fiery bolts/thunderbolts" }, "variants": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/gave up/shut up", "*bəʿîrām*": "their cattle/their beasts/their livestock", "*miqnêhem*": "their livestock/their cattle/their possessions", "*rəšāphîm*": "flames/fiery bolts/lightning/thunderbolts" } } 49 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.49", "source": "יְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֨ם ׀ חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ*-against-them *ḥărōn* *ʾappō* *ʿebrāh* and-*zaʿam* and-*ṣārāh* *mišlaḥat* *malʾăkê* *rāʿîm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ḥărōn*": "masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostrils", "*ʿebrāh*": "feminine singular noun - fury/wrath/overflow", "*zaʿam*": "masculine singular noun - indignation/anger", "*ṣārāh*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble", "*mišlaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - sending/deputation of", "*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct - messengers/angels of", "*rāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*ḥărōn*": "burning/heat/fierceness", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath/his nose", "*ʿebrāh*": "fury/wrath/rage/overflow", "*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/denouncement", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/affliction", "*mišlaḥat*": "sending/deputation/discharge", "*malʾăkê rāʿîm*": "messengers of evil/evil angels/angels of destruction" } } 50 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.50", "source": "יְפַלֵּ֥ס נָתִ֗יב לְאַ֫פּ֥וֹ לֹא־חָשַׂ֣ךְ מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם לַדֶּ֥בֶר הִסְגִּֽיר׃", "text": "*yəphallēs* *nātîb* for-*ʾappō* not-*ḥāśak* from-*māwet* *naphšām* and-*ḥayyātām* to-the-*deber* *hisgîr*", "grammar": { "*yəphallēs*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he leveled/made a path", "*nātîb*": "masculine singular noun - path/way", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he withheld/spared", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - death", "*naphšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their soul/life", "*ḥayyātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*deber*": "masculine singular noun with article - the pestilence/plague", "*hisgîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he delivered over/gave up" }, "variants": { "*yəphallēs*": "leveled/made a path/prepared", "*nātîb*": "path/way/track", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath", "*ḥāśak*": "withheld/spared/kept back", "*naphšām*": "their soul/their life/themselves", "*ḥayyātām*": "their life/their living creatures", "*deber*": "pestilence/plague/disease", "*hisgîr*": "delivered over/gave up/surrendered" } } 51 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.51", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם רֵאשִׁ֥ית א֝וֹנִ֗ים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yak* all-*bəkōr* in-*miṣrayim* *rēʾšît* *ʾônîm* in-*ʾohŏlê*-*ḥām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he smote/struck", "*bəkōr*": "masculine singular noun - firstborn", "*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - beginning/first of", "*ʾônîm*": "masculine plural noun - strength/vigor/manly vigor", "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ḥām*": "proper name - Ham" }, "variants": { "*wə-yak*": "smote/struck/hit", "*bəkōr*": "firstborn", "*rēʾšît*": "beginning/first/firstfruits", "*ʾônîm*": "strength/vigor/manly vigor/reproductive power", "*ʾohŏlê*": "tents/dwelling places", "*ḥām*": "Ham (progenitor of Egypt)" } } 52 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.52", "source": "וַיַּסַּ֣ע כַּצֹּ֣אן עַמּ֑וֹ וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֥ם כַּ֝עֵ֗דֶר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yassaʿ* like-the-*ṣōʾn* *ʿammō* *wə-ynahăgēm* like-the-*ʿēder* in-the-*midbār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yassaʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he set out/made to journey", "*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular noun with article - the flock/sheep", "*ʿammō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə-ynahăgēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he led them", "*ʿēder*": "masculine singular noun with article - the flock/herd", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with article - the wilderness/desert" }, "variants": { "*wə-yassaʿ*": "set out/made to journey/removed", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle", "*wə-ynahăgēm*": "led them/guided them/drove them", "*ʿēder*": "flock/herd/drove" } } 53 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.53", "source": "וַיַּנְחֵ֣ם לָ֭בֶטַח וְלֹ֣א פָחָ֑דוּ וְאֶת־א֝וֹיְבֵיהֶ֗ם כִּסָּ֥ה הַיָּֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yanḥēm* to-*labeṭaḥ* and-not *pāḥādû* and-*ʾet*-*ʾôyəbêhem* *kissāh* the-*yām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yanḥēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he led them", "*labeṭaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - to security/safety", "*pāḥādû*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they feared/were afraid", "*ʾôyəbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*kissāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he covered", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with article - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wə-yanḥēm*": "led them/guided them", "*labeṭaḥ*": "to security/safely/without fear", "*pāḥādû*": "feared/were afraid/were in dread", "*ʾôyəbêhem*": "their enemies/their foes" } } 54 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.54", "source": "וַ֭יְבִיאֵם אֶל־גְּב֣וּל קָדְשׁ֑וֹ הַר־זֶ֝֗ה קָנְתָ֥ה יְמִינֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yəbîʾēm* to-*gəbûl* *qodšō* *har*-this *qāntāh* *yəmînō*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəbîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and he brought them", "*gəbûl*": "masculine singular construct - border/territory of", "*qodšō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his holiness/sanctuary", "*har*": "masculine singular noun - mountain/hill", "*qāntāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she acquired/bought", "*yəmînō*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəbîʾēm*": "brought them/caused them to come", "*gəbûl*": "border/territory/region", "*qodšō*": "his holiness/his sanctuary/his holy place", "*qāntāh*": "acquired/bought/purchased", "*yəmînō*": "his right hand/his strength" } } 55 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.55", "source": "וַיְגָ֤רֶשׁ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֨ם ׀ גּוֹיִ֗ם וַֽ֭יַּפִּילֵם בְּחֶ֣בֶל נַחֲלָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁכֵּ֥ן בְּ֝אָהֳלֵיהֶ֗ם שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yəgāreš* from *pənêhem* *gôyim* *wə-yapîlēm* in *ḥeḇel naḥălâ* *wə-yaškēn* in *ʾohŏlêhem* *šiḇṭê yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəgāreš*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he drove out", "*pənêhem*": "from before them - preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles - masculine plural noun", "*wə-yapîlēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he made them fall/allotted them", "*ḥeḇel naḥălâ*": "measuring line of inheritance/portion - construct relationship", "*wə-yaškēn*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he caused to dwell", "*ʾohŏlêhem*": "in their tents - preposition with masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*šiḇṭê yiśrāʾēl*": "tribes of Israel - construct relationship" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəgāreš*": "drove out/expelled/banished", "*yapîlēm*": "caused them to fall/cast them down/allotted to them", "*ḥeḇel naḥălâ*": "measured inheritance/allotted portion/territory divided by measuring line", "*wə-yaškēn*": "caused to dwell/settled/made to inhabit" } } 56 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.56", "source": "וַיְנַסּ֣וּ וַ֭יַּמְרוּ אֶת־אֱלֹהִ֣ים עֶלְי֑וֹן וְ֝עֵדוֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א שָׁמָֽרוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yənassû* *wə-yamrû* *ʾeṯ-ʾĕlōhîm ʿelyôn* *wə-ʿēḏôṯāyw* *lōʾ šāmārû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yənassû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tested/tempted", "*wə-yamrû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they rebelled/provoked", "*ʾeṯ-ʾĕlōhîm*": "direct object marker + God - masculine plural noun (intensive plural)", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High - masculine singular adjective, divine epithet", "*wə-ʿēḏôṯāyw*": "and his testimonies - feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ šāmārû*": "not they kept - Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural with negative particle" }, "variants": { "*wə-yənassû*": "tested/tempted/tried", "*wə-yamrû*": "rebelled against/were contentious with/defied/provoked", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges", "*ʿēḏôṯāyw*": "testimonies/decrees/statutes/ordinances" } } 57 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.57", "source": "וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yissōḡû* *wə-yiḇgəḏû* *ka-ʾăḇôṯām* *nehpəḵû* *kə-qešeṯ rəmîyâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yissōḡû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they turned back", "*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they acted treacherously", "*ka-ʾăḇôṯām*": "like their fathers - preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*nehpəḵû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were turned/turned themselves", "*kə-qešeṯ*": "like a bow - preposition + feminine singular noun", "*rəmîyâ*": "deceitful/slack/treacherous - feminine singular adjective" }, "variants": { "*wə-yissōḡû*": "turned back/turned away/retreated", "*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "acted treacherously/dealt faithlessly/betrayed", "*nehpəḵû*": "were turned/turned themselves/were transformed", "*qešeṯ rəmîyâ*": "deceitful bow/treacherous bow/unreliable bow" } } 58 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.58", "source": "וַיַּכְעִיס֥וּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָ֑ם וּ֝בִפְסִילֵיהֶ֗ם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû* in *bāmôṯām* *û-ḇipsîlêhem* *yaqnîʾûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they provoked him to anger", "*bāmôṯām*": "in their high places - preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*û-ḇipsîlêhem*": "and with their carved images - conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "provoked him to anger/vexed him/made him indignant", "*bāmôṯām*": "high places/cult platforms/sacred heights", "*pəsîlêhem*": "carved images/idols/graven images", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "made him jealous/moved him to jealousy/provoked his zeal" } } 59 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.59", "source": "שָׁמַ֣ע אֱ֭לֹהִים וַֽיִּתְעַבָּ֑ר וַיִּמְאַ֥ס מְ֝אֹ֗ד בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*šāmaʿ ʾĕlōhîm* *wə-yiṯʿabbār* *wə-yimʾas məʾōḏ* in *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he heard", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God - masculine plural noun (intensive plural)", "*wə-yiṯʿabbār*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he became furious", "*wə-yimʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he rejected/despised", "*məʾōḏ*": "exceedingly/greatly - adverb of intensity", "*b-yiśrāʾēl*": "in/against Israel - preposition + proper noun" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/heeded", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings/judges", "*wə-yiṯʿabbār*": "became furious/was enraged/was deeply angry", "*wə-yimʾas*": "rejected/despised/disdained/refused" } } 60 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.60", "source": "וַ֭יִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן שִׁל֑וֹ אֹ֝֗הֶל שִׁכֵּ֥ן בָּאָדָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiṭṭōš miškan šilô* *ʾōhel šikkēn bā-ʾāḏām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he abandoned/forsook", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place of - construct form of masculine singular noun", "*šilô*": "Shiloh - proper noun, location", "*ʾōhel*": "tent - masculine singular noun", "*šikkēn*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to dwell/pitched", "*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/in mankind - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "abandoned/forsook/rejected", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place/abode", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/tabernacle/dwelling", "*šikkēn*": "caused to dwell/pitched/established", "*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/among mankind/among humanity" } } 61 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.61", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לַשְּׁבִ֣י עֻזּ֑וֹ וְֽתִפְאַרְתּ֥וֹ בְיַד־צָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yittēn la-šəḇî ʿuzzô* *wə-ṯiḇʾartô* in *yaḏ-ṣār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave/delivered", "*la-šəḇî*": "to captivity - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun", "*ʿuzzô*": "his strength/might - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*wə-ṯiḇʾartô*": "and his glory/beauty - conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*yaḏ-ṣār*": "hand of adversary - construct relationship" }, "variants": { "*wə-yittēn*": "gave/delivered/handed over", "*šəḇî*": "captivity/imprisonment", "*ʿuzzô*": "his strength/his might/his power/his ark (metonymy)", "*ṯiḇʾartô*": "his glory/his beauty/his splendor", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor" } } 62 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.62", "source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַחֶ֣רֶב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְנַחֲלָת֗וֹ הִתְעַבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yasgēr la-ḥereḇ ʿammô* *û-ḇənaḥălāṯô hiṯʿabbār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over", "*la-ḥereḇ*": "to the sword - preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun", "*ʿammô*": "his people - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇənaḥălāṯô*": "and against his inheritance - conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*hiṯʿabbār*": "Hithpael perfect 3rd masculine singular - he was furious" }, "variants": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/handed over/surrendered", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/warfare/destruction", "*ʿammô*": "his people/his nation/his folk", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance/his possession/his people", "*hiṯʿabbār*": "was furious/was enraged/was angry" } } 63 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.63", "source": "בַּחוּרָ֥יו אָֽכְלָה־אֵ֑שׁ וּ֝בְתוּלֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א הוּלָּֽלוּ׃", "text": "*baḥûrāyw ʾāḵəlâ-ʾēš* *û-ḇəṯûlōṯāyw lōʾ hûllālû*", "grammar": { "*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ʾāḵəlâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - consumed/devoured", "*ʾēš*": "fire - feminine singular noun", "*û-ḇəṯûlōṯāyw*": "and his virgins - conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*hûllālû*": "Pual perfect 3rd common plural - were praised/were given in marriage" }, "variants": { "*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men/his chosen ones/his youth", "*ʾāḵəlâ-ʾēš*": "fire consumed/fire devoured", "*ḇəṯûlōṯāyw*": "his virgins/his maidens/his young women", "*hûllālû*": "were praised/were given in marriage/were celebrated with wedding songs" } } 64 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.64", "source": "כֹּ֭הֲנָיו בַּחֶ֣רֶב נָפָ֑לוּ וְ֝אַלְמְנֹתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִבְכֶּֽינָה׃", "text": "*kōhănāyw ba-ḥereḇ nāp̄ālû* *wə-ʾalmənoṯāyw lōʾ ṯiḇkênâ*", "grammar": { "*kōhănāyw*": "his priests - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ba-ḥereḇ*": "by the sword - preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun", "*nāp̄ālû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they fell", "*wə-ʾalmənoṯāyw*": "and his widows - conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*ṯiḇkênâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - they would weep" }, "variants": { "*kōhănāyw*": "his priests/his ministers", "*ba-ḥereḇ*": "by the sword/in battle", "*nāp̄ālû*": "fell/died/were slain", "*ʾalmənoṯāyw*": "his widows/widows of his people", "*lōʾ ṯiḇkênâ*": "did not weep/could not weep/were not lamented for" } } 65 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.65", "source": "וַיִּקַ֖ץ כְּיָשֵׁ֥ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י כְּ֝גִבּ֗וֹר מִתְרוֹנֵ֥ן מִיָּֽיִן׃", "text": "*wə-yiqaṣ kə-yāšēn ʾăḏōnāy* *kə-gibbôr miṯrônēn mi-yāyin*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqaṣ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he awoke", "*kə-yāšēn*": "like one sleeping - preposition + Qal active participle masculine singular", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/Master - divine name with 1st person plural possessive suffix", "*kə-gibbôr*": "like a mighty man - preposition + masculine singular noun", "*miṯrônēn*": "Hithpoel participle masculine singular - shouting/rejoicing", "*mi-yāyin*": "from wine - preposition + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiqaṣ*": "awoke/aroused/was awakened", "*kə-yāšēn*": "like one sleeping/like a sleeper", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "the Lord/my Lord/my Master", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*miṯrônēn*": "shouting/rejoicing/exulting", "*mi-yāyin*": "from wine/because of wine/overcome by wine" } } 66 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.66", "source": "וַיַּךְ־צָרָ֥יו אָח֑וֹר חֶרְפַּ֥ת ע֝וֹלָ֗ם נָ֣תַן לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yak-ṣārāyw ʾāḥôr* *ḥerpaṯ ʿôlām nāṯan lāmô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries - masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/on their back - adverb", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "reproach of/disgrace of - construct form of feminine singular noun", "*ʿôlām*": "everlasting/perpetual - masculine singular noun", "*nāṯan*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave/put", "*lāmô*": "to them - preposition with archaic 3rd masculine plural suffix" }, "variants": { "*wə-yak*": "struck/smote/defeated", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/his enemies/his foes", "*ʾāḥôr*": "backward/on their backs/retreating", "*ḥerpaṯ ʿôlām*": "perpetual reproach/everlasting disgrace/eternal shame", "*lāmô*": "to them/upon them/against them" } } 67 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.67", "source": "וַ֭יִּמְאַס בְּאֹ֣הֶל יוֹסֵ֑ף וּֽבְשֵׁ֥בֶט אֶ֝פְרַ֗יִם לֹ֣א בָחָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yimʾas bə-ʾōhel yôsēp̄* *û-ḇəšēḇeṭ ʾep̄rayim lōʾ ḇāḥār*", "grammar": { "*wə-yimʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he rejected", "*bə-ʾōhel*": "in the tent of - preposition + masculine singular construct", "*yôsēp̄*": "Joseph - proper noun", "*û-ḇəšēḇeṭ*": "and in the tribe of - conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "Ephraim - proper noun", "*lōʾ*": "not - negative particle", "*ḇāḥār*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he chose" }, "variants": { "*wə-yimʾas*": "rejected/refused/despised", "*ʾōhel yôsēp̄*": "tent of Joseph/dwelling of Joseph/tribe of Joseph", "*šēḇeṭ*": "tribe/clan/rod", "*lōʾ ḇāḥār*": "did not choose/refused to select" } } 68 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.68", "source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר אֶת־שֵׁ֣בֶט יְהוּדָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֥ר צִ֝יּ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵֽב׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇḥar ʾeṯ-šēḇeṭ yəhûḏâ* *ʾeṯ-har ṣîyôn ʾăšer ʾāhēḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose", "*ʾeṯ-šēḇeṭ*": "direct object marker + tribe of - masculine singular construct", "*yəhûḏâ*": "Judah - proper noun", "*ʾeṯ-har*": "direct object marker + mountain of - masculine singular construct", "*ṣîyôn*": "Zion - proper noun", "*ʾăšer*": "which/that - relative pronoun", "*ʾāhēḇ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he loved" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected", "*šēḇeṭ yəhûḏâ*": "tribe of Judah/clan of Judah", "*har ṣîyôn*": "Mount Zion/hill of Zion/mountain of Zion", "*ʾāhēḇ*": "loved/cherished/desired" } } 69 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.69", "source": "וַיִּ֣בֶן כְּמוֹ־רָ֭מִים מִקְדָּשׁ֑וֹ כְּ֝אֶ֗רֶץ יְסָדָ֥הּ לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇen kəmô-rāmîm miqdāšô* *kə-ʾereṣ yəsāḏāh lə-ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇen*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he built", "*kəmô-rāmîm*": "like heights/like high places - preposition + masculine plural noun", "*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*kə-ʾereṣ*": "like the earth - preposition + feminine singular noun", "*yəsāḏāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he founded it", "*lə-ʿôlām*": "for eternity/forever - preposition + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇen*": "built/constructed/established", "*kəmô-rāmîm*": "like high places/like heights/like heaven's heights", "*miqdāšô*": "his sanctuary/his holy place/his temple", "*yəsāḏāh*": "founded it/established it/settled it", "*lə-ʿôlām*": "forever/eternally/for all time" } } 70 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.70", "source": "וַ֭יִּבְחַר בְּדָוִ֣ד עַבְדּ֑וֹ וַ֝יִּקָּחֵ֗הוּ מִֽמִּכְלְאֹ֥ת צֹֽאן׃", "text": "*wə-yiḇḥar bə-ḏāwiḏ ʿaḇdô* *wə-yiqqāḥēhû mi-mmikləʾōṯ ṣōʾn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he chose", "*bə-ḏāwiḏ*": "in David - preposition + proper noun", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him", "*mi-mmikləʾōṯ*": "from sheepfolds - preposition + feminine plural noun", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock - feminine singular collective noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiḇḥar*": "chose/selected/elected", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*wə-yiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/fetched him/brought him", "*mikləʾōṯ*": "sheepfolds/pens/enclosures", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small cattle" } } 71 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.71", "source": "מֵאַחַ֥ר עָל֗וֹת הֱבִ֫יא֥וֹ לִ֭רְעוֹת בְּיַעֲקֹ֣ב עַמּ֑וֹ וּ֝בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mē-ʾaḥar ʿālôṯ hĕḇîʾô* *lirʿôṯ bə-yaʿăqōḇ ʿammô* *û-ḇəyiśrāʾēl naḥălāṯô*", "grammar": { "*mē-ʾaḥar*": "from after/from following - preposition + adverb", "*ʿālôṯ*": "nursing ewes - feminine plural noun", "*hĕḇîʾô*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he brought him", "*lirʿôṯ*": "to shepherd - Qal infinitive construct with preposition", "*bə-yaʿăqōḇ*": "in Jacob - preposition + proper noun", "*ʿammô*": "his people - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇəyiśrāʾēl*": "and in Israel - conjunction + preposition + proper noun", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance - feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*mē-ʾaḥar ʿālôṯ*": "from following the nursing ewes/from tending the mother sheep", "*hĕḇîʾô*": "brought him/led him/took him", "*lirʿôṯ*": "to shepherd/to pasture/to tend", "*yaʿăqōḇ ʿammô*": "Jacob his people/his people Jacob", "*yiśrāʾēl naḥălāṯô*": "Israel his inheritance/his inheritance Israel" } } 72 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.72", "source": "וַ֭יִּרְעֵם כְּתֹ֣ם לְבָב֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנ֖וֹת כַּפָּ֣יו יַנְחֵֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yirʿēm kə-ṯōm ləḇāḇô* *û-ḇiṯḇûnôṯ kappāyw yanḥēm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirʿēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he shepherded them", "*kə-ṯōm*": "according to integrity of - preposition + masculine singular construct", "*ləḇāḇô*": "his heart - masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*û-ḇiṯḇûnôṯ*": "and with skillfulness of - conjunction + preposition + feminine plural construct", "*kappāyw*": "his hands/his palms - dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix", "*yanḥēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he guided them" }, "variants": { "*wə-yirʿēm*": "shepherded them/pastured them/tended them", "*ṯōm ləḇāḇô*": "integrity of his heart/wholeness of his heart/blamelessness of his heart", "*ṯḇûnôṯ kappāyw*": "skillfulness of his hands/understanding of his hands/discernment of his palms", "*yanḥēm*": "guided them/led them/directed them" } }
  • Ps 105:39-41 : 39 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.39", "source": "פָּרַ֣שׂ עָנָ֣ן לְמָסָ֑ךְ וְ֝אֵ֗שׁ לְהָאִ֥יר לָֽיְלָה׃", "text": "*pāraś* *ʿānān* for-*māsāk* *wə-ʾēš* to-*hāʾīr* *lāylāh*", "grammar": { "*pāraś*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he spread", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*māsāk*": "noun, masculine singular - covering", "*wə-ʾēš*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and fire", "*hāʾīr*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to give light", "*lāylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night" }, "variants": { "*pāraś*": "spread/stretched out/extended", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloud mass", "*māsāk*": "covering/screen/curtain", "*hāʾīr*": "to give light/illuminate/shine", "*lāylāh*": "night/nighttime" } } 40 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.40", "source": "שָׁאַ֣ל וַיָּבֵ֣א שְׂלָ֑ו וְלֶ֥חֶם שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם יַשְׂבִּיעֵֽם׃", "text": "*šāʾal* *wa-yyābēʾ* *śəlāw* *wə-leḥem* *šāmayim* *yaśbīʿēm*", "grammar": { "*šāʾal*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he asked", "*wa-yyābēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he brought", "*śəlāw*": "noun, masculine singular - quail", "*wə-leḥem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and bread of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heaven", "*yaśbīʿēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3ms with 3mp suffix - he satisfied them" }, "variants": { "*šāʾal*": "asked/requested/inquired", "*wa-yyābēʾ*": "and he brought/caused to come", "*śəlāw*": "quail/game bird", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky", "*yaśbīʿēm*": "satisfied them/filled them/satiated them" } } 41 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.41", "source": "פָּ֣תַח צ֭וּר וַיָּז֣וּבוּ מָ֑יִם הָ֝לְכ֗וּ בַּצִּיּ֥וֹת נָהָֽר׃", "text": "*pātaḥ* *ṣūr* *wa-yyāzūbū* *māyim* *hālkū* in-the-*ṣiyyōt* *nāhār*", "grammar": { "*pātaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he opened", "*ṣūr*": "noun, masculine singular - rock", "*wa-yyāzūbū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3mp - and they flowed", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*hālkū*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they went", "*ṣiyyōt*": "noun, feminine plural - dry places", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river" }, "variants": { "*pātaḥ*": "opened/unlocked/released", "*ṣūr*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*wa-yyāzūbū*": "and they flowed/gushed/streamed", "*māyim*": "waters/liquid", "*hālkū*": "went/flowed/ran", "*ṣiyyōt*": "dry places/deserts/parched regions", "*nāhār*": "river/stream/flow" } }
  • Ps 106:12-48 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.12", "source": "וַיַּאֲמִ֥ינוּ בִדְבָרָ֑יו יָ֝שִׁ֗ירוּ תְּהִלָּתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayya'ămînū* in-*dəbārāyw* *yāšîrū* *təhillātō*", "grammar": { "*wayya'ămînū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they believed", "*dəbārāyw*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, masculine, plural - his words", "*yāšîrū*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they sang", "*təhillātō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his praise" }, "variants": { "*wayya'ămînū*": "and they believed/trusted/had faith in", "*dəbārāyw*": "his words/sayings/commands", "*yāšîrū*": "they sang/chanted", "*təhillātō*": "his praise/glory/commendation" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.13", "source": "מִֽ֭הֲרוּ שָׁכְח֣וּ מַעֲשָׂ֑יו לֹֽא־חִ֝כּ֗וּ לַעֲצָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*mihărū* *šākəḥū* *ma'ăśāyw* not-*ḥikkū* for-*'ăṣātō*", "grammar": { "*mihărū*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they hastened/hurried", "*šākəḥū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they forgot", "*ma'ăśāyw*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, masculine, plural - his works", "*ḥikkū*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they waited", "*'ăṣātō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his counsel" }, "variants": { "*mihărū*": "they hastened/hurried/were quick", "*šākəḥū*": "they forgot/neglected/ignored", "*ma'ăśāyw*": "his works/deeds/actions", "*ḥikkū*": "they waited/waited patiently/tarried", "*'ăṣātō*": "his counsel/advice/plan" } } 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.14", "source": "וַיִּתְאַוּ֣וּ תַ֭אֲוָה בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וַיְנַסּוּ־אֵ֝֗ל בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃", "text": "*wayyit'awwū* *ta'ăwāh* in-*midbar* *wayənassū*-*'ēl* in-*yəšîmōn*", "grammar": { "*wayyit'awwū*": "hithpael imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they lusted", "*ta'ăwāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - desire/craving", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine, singular - wilderness", "*wayənassū*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they tested", "*'ēl*": "noun, masculine, singular - God", "*yəšîmōn*": "noun, masculine, singular - desert/wilderness" }, "variants": { "*wayyit'awwū*": "and they lusted/craved/desired intensely", "*ta'ăwāh*": "lust/craving/desire/longing", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*wayənassū*": "and they tested/tried/put to the test", "*'ēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*yəšîmōn*": "desert/wilderness/wasteland" } } 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.15", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לָ֭הֶם שֶׁאֱלָתָ֑ם וַיְשַׁלַּ֖ח רָז֣וֹן בְּנַפְשָֽׁם׃", "text": "*wayyittēn* to-them *še'ĕlātām* *wayəšallaḥ* *rāzōn* in-*nafšām*", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave", "*še'ĕlātām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, singular - their request", "*wayəšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*rāzōn*": "noun, masculine, singular - leanness/wasting disease", "*nafšām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, singular - their soul" }, "variants": { "*wayyittēn*": "and he gave/granted/delivered", "*še'ĕlātām*": "their request/petition/desire", "*wayəšallaḥ*": "and he sent/dispatched/let loose", "*rāzōn*": "leanness/wasting disease/emaciation", "*nafšām*": "their soul/life/self/being" } } 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.16", "source": "וַיְקַנְא֣וּ לְ֭מֹשֶׁה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה לְ֝אַהֲרֹ֗ן קְד֣וֹשׁ יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wayəqan'ū* to-*Mōšeh* in-*maḥăneh* to-*'Ahărōn* *qədōš* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayəqan'ū*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they were envious", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine, singular - camp", "*'Ahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*qədōš*": "adjective, masculine, singular construct - holy one of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*wayəqan'ū*": "and they were envious/jealous/envied", "*Mōšeh*": "Moses", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/encampment", "*'Ahărōn*": "Aaron", "*qədōš*": "holy one/saint/consecrated one" } } 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.17", "source": "תִּפְתַּח־אֶ֭רֶץ וַתִּבְלַ֣ע דָּתָ֑ן וַ֝תְּכַ֗ס עַל־עֲדַ֥ת אֲבִירָֽם׃", "text": "*tiftaḥ*-*'ereṣ* *wattiblā'* *Dātān* *wattəkas* over-*'ădat* *'Ăbîrām*", "grammar": { "*tiftaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - opened", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*wattiblā'*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it swallowed", "*Dātān*": "proper noun - Dathan", "*wattəkas*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it covered", "*'ădat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - company of", "*'Ăbîrām*": "proper noun - Abiram" }, "variants": { "*tiftaḥ*": "opened/parted/spread wide", "*'ereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*wattiblā'*": "and it swallowed/engulfed/consumed", "*wattəkas*": "and it covered/concealed/enveloped", "*'ădat*": "company/congregation/assembly of" } } 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.18", "source": "וַתִּבְעַר־אֵ֥שׁ בַּעֲדָתָ֑ם לֶ֝הָבָ֗ה תְּלַהֵ֥ט רְשָׁעִֽים׃", "text": "*wattib'ar*-*'ēš* in-*'ădātām* *lehābāh* *təlahēṭ* *rəšā'îm*", "grammar": { "*wattib'ar*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it burned", "*'ēš*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*'ădātām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, singular - their company", "*lehābāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - flame", "*təlahēṭ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - consumed", "*rəšā'îm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - wicked ones" }, "variants": { "*wattib'ar*": "and it burned/kindled/ignited", "*'ēš*": "fire/flame", "*'ădātām*": "their company/congregation/assembly", "*lehābāh*": "flame/blaze", "*təlahēṭ*": "consumed/devoured/scorched", "*rəšā'îm*": "wicked ones/evil-doers/guilty ones" } } 19 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.19", "source": "יַעֲשׂוּ־עֵ֥גֶל בְּחֹרֵ֑ב וַ֝יִּשְׁתַּחֲו֗וּ לְמַסֵּכָֽה׃", "text": "*ya'ăśū*-*'ēgel* in-*Ḥōrēb* *wayyištaḥăwū* to-*massēkāh*", "grammar": { "*ya'ăśū*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they made", "*'ēgel*": "noun, masculine, singular - calf", "*Ḥōrēb*": "proper noun - Horeb", "*wayyištaḥăwū*": "hishtaphel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they bowed down", "*massēkāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - molten image" }, "variants": { "*ya'ăśū*": "they made/fashioned/created", "*'ēgel*": "calf/young bull", "*wayyištaḥăwū*": "and they bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshiped", "*massēkāh*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue" } } 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.20", "source": "וַיָּמִ֥ירוּ אֶת־כְּבוֹדָ֑ם בְּתַבְנִ֥ית שׁ֝֗וֹר אֹכֵ֥ל עֵֽשֶׂב׃", "text": "*wayyāmîrū* *'et*-*kəbōdām* in-*tabnît* *šōr* *'ōkēl* *'ēśeb*", "grammar": { "*wayyāmîrū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they exchanged", "*kəbōdām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, singular - their glory", "*tabnît*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - likeness of", "*šōr*": "noun, masculine, singular - ox/bull", "*'ōkēl*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - eating/consumer of", "*'ēśeb*": "noun, masculine, singular - grass/vegetation" }, "variants": { "*wayyāmîrū*": "and they exchanged/substituted/changed", "*kəbōdām*": "their glory/honor/majesty", "*tabnît*": "likeness/form/pattern/image", "*šōr*": "ox/bull/bovine", "*'ōkēl*": "eating/feeding/consuming", "*'ēśeb*": "grass/vegetation/herbs" } } 21 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.21", "source": "שָׁ֭כְחוּ אֵ֣ל מוֹשִׁיעָ֑ם עֹשֶׂ֖ה גְדֹל֣וֹת בְּמִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*šākəḥū* *'ēl* *mōšî'ām* *'ōśeh* *gədōlōt* in-*miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*šākəḥū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they forgot", "*'ēl*": "noun, masculine, singular - God", "*mōšî'ām*": "hiphil participle + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, singular - their savior", "*'ōśeh*": "qal participle, masculine, singular construct - doer of", "*gədōlōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - great things", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*šākəḥū*": "they forgot/neglected/ignored", "*'ēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*mōšî'ām*": "their savior/deliverer/rescuer", "*'ōśeh*": "doer/maker/performer", "*gədōlōt*": "great things/mighty deeds/wonders", "*miṣrāyim*": "Egypt/Mitzrayim" } } 22 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.22", "source": "נִ֭פְלָאוֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חָ֑ם נ֝וֹרָא֗וֹת עַל־יַם־סֽוּף׃", "text": "*niflā'ōt* in-*'ereṣ* *Ḥām* *nōrā'ōt* at-*yam-sūf*", "grammar": { "*niflā'ōt*": "niphal participle, feminine, plural - wonders", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - land of", "*Ḥām*": "proper noun - Ham", "*nōrā'ōt*": "niphal participle, feminine, plural - fearful/awesome things", "*yam-sūf*": "proper noun - Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" }, "variants": { "*niflā'ōt*": "wonders/marvelous works/miracles", "*'ereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*nōrā'ōt*": "fearful things/awesome deeds/terrifying acts", "*yam-sūf*": "Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" } } 23 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.23", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְֽהַשְׁמִ֫ידָ֥ם לוּלֵ֡י מֹ֘שֶׁ֤ה בְחִיר֗וֹ עָמַ֣ד בַּפֶּ֣רֶץ לְפָנָ֑יו לְהָשִׁ֥יב חֲ֝מָת֗וֹ מֵֽהַשְׁחִֽית׃", "text": "*wayyō'mer* to-*ləhašmîdām* unless *Mōšeh* *bəḥîrō* *'āmad* in-*pereṣ* before-him to-*ləhāšîb* *ḥămātō* from-*hašḥît*", "grammar": { "*wayyō'mer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ləhašmîdām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person plural suffix - to destroy them", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*bəḥîrō*": "adjective + 3rd person suffix, masculine, singular - his chosen one", "*'āmad*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - stood", "*pereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - breach/gap", "*ləhāšîb*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to turn away", "*ḥămātō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his wrath", "*hašḥît*": "hiphil infinitive construct - destroying" }, "variants": { "*wayyō'mer*": "and he said/declared/spoke", "*ləhašmîdām*": "to destroy them/annihilate them/exterminate them", "*bəḥîrō*": "his chosen one/elect/selected one", "*'āmad*": "stood/positioned himself/took a stand", "*pereṣ*": "breach/gap/broken area", "*ləhāšîb*": "to turn away/return/bring back", "*ḥămātō*": "his wrath/fury/anger", "*hašḥît*": "destroying/ruining/corrupting" } } 24 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.24", "source": "וַֽ֭יִּמְאֲסוּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חֶמְדָּ֑ה לֹֽא־הֶ֝אֱמִ֗ינוּ לִדְבָרֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyim'ăsū* in-*'ereṣ* *ḥemdāh* not-*he'ĕmînū* to-*dəbārō*", "grammar": { "*wayyim'ăsū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they despised", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - land of", "*ḥemdāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - desirability/pleasant", "*he'ĕmînū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they believed", "*dəbārō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, masculine, singular - his word" }, "variants": { "*wayyim'ăsū*": "and they despised/rejected/spurned", "*'ereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*ḥemdāh*": "desirable/pleasant/delightful", "*he'ĕmînū*": "they believed/trusted/had faith in", "*dəbārō*": "his word/promise/command" } } 25 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.25", "source": "וַיֵּרָגְנ֥וּ בְאָהֳלֵיהֶ֑ם לֹ֥א שָׁ֝מְע֗וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyērāgənū* in-*'ohŏlêhem* not *šāmə'ū* in-*qōl* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyērāgənū*": "niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they grumbled", "*'ohŏlêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their tents", "*šāmə'ū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they listened", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*wayyērāgənū*": "and they grumbled/complained/murmured", "*'ohŏlêhem*": "their tents/dwellings/tabernacles", "*šāmə'ū*": "they listened/heard/obeyed", "*qōl*": "voice/sound/noise" } } 26 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.26", "source": "וַיִשָּׂ֣א יָד֣וֹ לָהֶ֑ם לְהַפִּ֥יל א֝וֹתָ֗ם בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*wayyiśśā'* *yādō* to-them to-*ləhappîl* them in-*midbar*", "grammar": { "*wayyiśśā'*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he lifted up", "*yādō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his hand", "*ləhappîl*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to make fall", "*midbar*": "noun, masculine, singular - wilderness" }, "variants": { "*wayyiśśā'*": "and he lifted up/raised/swore (by raising hand)", "*yādō*": "his hand/power/strength", "*ləhappîl*": "to make fall/cause to fall/overthrow", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 27 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.27", "source": "וּלְהַפִּ֣יל זַ֭רְעָם בַּגּוֹיִ֑ם וּ֝לְזָרוֹתָ֗ם בָּאֲרָצֽוֹת׃", "text": "and-to-*ləhappîl* *zar'ām* among-*gōyim* and-to-*zārōtām* in-*'ărāṣōt*", "grammar": { "*ləhappîl*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to make fall", "*zar'ām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, singular - their seed/offspring", "*gōyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*zārōtām*": "piel infinitive construct + 3rd person plural suffix - to scatter them", "*'ărāṣōt*": "noun, feminine, plural - lands" }, "variants": { "*ləhappîl*": "to make fall/cause to fall/overthrow", "*zar'ām*": "their seed/descendants/offspring", "*gōyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*zārōtām*": "to scatter them/disperse them/spread them", "*'ărāṣōt*": "lands/countries/territories" } } 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.28", "source": "וַ֭יִּצָּ֣מְדוּ לְבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר וַ֝יֹּאכְל֗וּ זִבְחֵ֥י מֵתִֽים׃", "text": "*wayyiṣṣāmədū* to-*Ba'al* *Pə'ōr* *wayyō'kəlū* *zibḥê* *mētîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyiṣṣāmədū*": "niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they joined themselves", "*Ba'al*": "proper noun - Baal", "*Pə'ōr*": "proper noun - Peor", "*wayyō'kəlū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they ate", "*zibḥê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - sacrifices of", "*mētîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - dead ones" }, "variants": { "*wayyiṣṣāmədū*": "and they joined themselves/attached themselves/yoked themselves", "*zibḥê*": "sacrifices/offerings", "*mētîm*": "dead ones/lifeless beings/corpses" } } 29 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.29", "source": "וַ֭יַּכְעִיסוּ בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתִּפְרָץ־בָּ֝֗ם מַגֵּפָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyak'îsū* in-*ma'alələlêhem* *wattifroṣ*-in-them *maggēfāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyak'îsū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they provoked to anger", "*ma'alələlêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their deeds", "*wattifroṣ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it broke out", "*maggēfāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - plague" }, "variants": { "*wayyak'îsū*": "and they provoked to anger/vexed/irritated", "*ma'alələlêhem*": "their deeds/actions/practices", "*wattifroṣ*": "and it broke out/burst forth/erupted", "*maggēfāh*": "plague/pestilence/epidemic" } } 30 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.30", "source": "וַיַּעֲמֹ֣ד פִּֽ֭ינְחָס וַיְפַלֵּ֑ל וַ֝תֵּעָצַ֗ר הַמַּגֵּפָֽה׃", "text": "*wayya'ămōd* *Pînəḥās* *wayəfallēl* *wattē'āṣar* *hammaggēfāh*", "grammar": { "*wayya'ămōd*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he stood", "*Pînəḥās*": "proper noun - Phinehas", "*wayəfallēl*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he intervened/executed judgment", "*wattē'āṣar*": "niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it was restrained", "*hammaggēfāh*": "article + noun, feminine, singular - the plague" }, "variants": { "*wayya'ămōd*": "and he stood/arose/took action", "*wayəfallēl*": "and he intervened/executed judgment/prayed", "*wattē'āṣar*": "and it was restrained/stopped/held back", "*hammaggēfāh*": "the plague/pestilence/epidemic" } } 31 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.31", "source": "וַתֵּחָ֣שֶׁב ל֭וֹ לִצְדָקָ֑ה לְדֹ֥ר וָ֝דֹ֗ר עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*wattēḥāšeb* to-him to-*ṣədāqāh* to-*dōr* and-*dōr* until-*'ōlām*", "grammar": { "*wattēḥāšeb*": "niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it was reckoned", "*ṣədāqāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - righteousness", "*dōr*": "noun, masculine, singular - generation", "*'ōlām*": "noun, masculine, singular - eternity" }, "variants": { "*wattēḥāšeb*": "and it was reckoned/counted/credited", "*ṣədāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/righteous act", "*dōr*": "generation/age/period", "*'ōlām*": "eternity/perpetuity/ancient time" } } 32 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.32", "source": "וַ֭יַּקְצִיפוּ עַל־מֵ֥י מְרִיבָ֑ה וַיֵּ֥רַע לְ֝מֹשֶׁ֗ה בַּעֲבוּרָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyaqṣîfū* at-*mê* *Mərîbāh* *wayyēra'* to-*Mōšeh* for-sake-of-them", "grammar": { "*wayyaqṣîfū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they provoked to wrath", "*mê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - waters of", "*Mərîbāh*": "proper noun - Meribah", "*wayyēra'*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it went badly", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses" }, "variants": { "*wayyaqṣîfū*": "and they provoked to wrath/angered/irritated", "*mê*": "waters of/waters at", "*wayyēra'*": "and it went badly/was evil/was harmful" } } 33 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.33", "source": "כִּֽי־הִמְר֥וּ אֶת־רוּח֑וֹ וַ֝יְבַטֵּ֗א בִּשְׂפָתָֽיו׃", "text": "For-*himrū* *'et*-*rūḥō* *wayəbaṭṭē'* with-*śəfātāyw*", "grammar": { "*himrū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they rebelled against", "*rūḥō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his spirit", "*wayəbaṭṭē'*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he spoke rashly", "*śəfātāyw*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, dual - his lips" }, "variants": { "*himrū*": "they rebelled against/were bitter against/disobeyed", "*rūḥō*": "his spirit/breath/mind", "*wayəbaṭṭē'*": "and he spoke rashly/uttered thoughtlessly/spoke unadvisedly", "*śəfātāyw*": "his lips/speech/language" } } 34 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.34", "source": "לֹֽא־הִ֭שְׁמִידוּ אֶת־הָֽעַמִּ֑ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֣ה לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "Not-*hišmîdū* *'et*-*hā'ammîm* which *'āmar* *YHWH* to-them", "grammar": { "*hišmîdū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they destroyed", "*hā'ammîm*": "article + noun, masculine, plural - the peoples", "*'āmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*hišmîdū*": "they destroyed/exterminated/annihilated", "*hā'ammîm*": "the peoples/nations/folk", "*'āmar*": "said/commanded/instructed" } } 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.35", "source": "וַיִּתְעָרְב֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽ֝יִּלְמְד֗וּ מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyit'ārəbū* among-*gōyim* *wayyilmədū* *ma'ăśêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyit'ārəbū*": "hithpael imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they mingled", "*gōyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*wayyilmədū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they learned", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their works" }, "variants": { "*wayyit'ārəbū*": "and they mingled/mixed/intermarried", "*gōyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*wayyilmədū*": "and they learned/were taught/studied", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "their works/deeds/practices" } } 36 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.36", "source": "וַיַּעַבְד֥וּ אֶת־עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֑ם וַיִּהְי֖וּ לָהֶ֣ם לְמוֹקֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wayya'abdū* *'et*-*'ăṣabbêhem* *wayyihyū* to-them to-*mōqēš*", "grammar": { "*wayya'abdū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they served", "*'ăṣabbêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their idols", "*wayyihyū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they became", "*mōqēš*": "noun, masculine, singular - snare" }, "variants": { "*wayya'abdū*": "and they served/worshiped/worked for", "*'ăṣabbêhem*": "their idols/graven images/carved figures", "*wayyihyū*": "and they became/were/existed", "*mōqēš*": "snare/trap/bait" } } 37 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.37", "source": "וַיִּזְבְּח֣וּ אֶת־בְּ֭נֵיהֶם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם לַשֵּֽׁדִים׃", "text": "*wayyizbəḥū* *'et*-*bənêhem* and-*'et*-*bənōtêhem* to-*šēdîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyizbəḥū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they sacrificed", "*bənêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their sons", "*bənōtêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, plural - their daughters", "*šēdîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - demons" }, "variants": { "*wayyizbəḥū*": "and they sacrificed/slaughtered/offered", "*bənêhem*": "their sons/male children", "*bənōtêhem*": "their daughters/female children", "*šēdîm*": "demons/evil spirits/false gods" } } 38 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.38", "source": "וַיִּֽשְׁפְּכ֨וּ דָ֪ם נָקִ֡י דַּם־בְּנֵ֘יהֶ֤ם וּֽבְנוֹתֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר זִ֭בְּחוּ לַעֲצַבֵּ֣י כְנָ֑עַן וַתֶּחֱנַ֥ף הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ בַּדָּמִֽים׃", "text": "*wayyišpəkū* *dām* *nāqî* *dam*-*bənêhem* and-*bənōtêhem* which *zibəḥū* to-*'ăṣabbê* *Kənā'an* *watteḥĕnaf* *hā'āreṣ* with-*dāmîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyišpəkū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they shed", "*dām*": "noun, masculine, singular - blood", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine, singular - innocent", "*dam*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - blood of", "*bənêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their sons", "*bənōtêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, plural - their daughters", "*zibəḥū*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they sacrificed", "*'ăṣabbê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - idols of", "*Kənā'an*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*watteḥĕnaf*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it was polluted", "*hā'āreṣ*": "article + noun, feminine, singular - the land", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - blood" }, "variants": { "*wayyišpəkū*": "and they shed/poured out/spilled", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*nāqî*": "innocent/blameless/free from guilt", "*zibəḥū*": "they sacrificed/slaughtered/offered", "*'ăṣabbê*": "idols of/graven images of", "*watteḥĕnaf*": "and it was polluted/defiled/profaned", "*hā'āreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*dāmîm*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt" } } 39 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.39", "source": "וַיִּטְמְא֥וּ בְמַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם וַ֝יִּזְנ֗וּ בְּמַ֥עַלְלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyiṭmə'ū* in-*ma'ăśêhem* *wayyiznū* in-*ma'alələlêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyiṭmə'ū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they became unclean", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their works", "*wayyiznū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they played the harlot", "*ma'alələlêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their deeds" }, "variants": { "*wayyiṭmə'ū*": "and they became unclean/were defiled/were made impure", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "their works/deeds/actions", "*wayyiznū*": "and they played the harlot/were unfaithful/prostituted themselves", "*ma'alələlêhem*": "their deeds/acts/practices" } } 40 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.40", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף יְהוָ֣ה בְּעַמּ֑וֹ וַ֝יְתָעֵ֗ב אֶת־נַחֲלָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyiḥar*-*'af* *YHWH* in-*'ammō* *wayətā'ēb* *'et*-*naḥălātō*", "grammar": { "*wayyiḥar*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it burned", "*'af*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ammō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, masculine, singular - his people", "*wayətā'ēb*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he abhorred", "*naḥălātō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his inheritance" }, "variants": { "*wayyiḥar*": "and it burned/kindled/was hot", "*'af*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*'ammō*": "his people/folk/nation", "*wayətā'ēb*": "and he abhorred/detested/loathed", "*naḥălātō*": "his inheritance/heritage/possession" } } 41 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.41", "source": "וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם בְּיַד־גּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽיִּמְשְׁל֥וּ בָ֝הֶ֗ם שֹׂנְאֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyittənēm* in-hand-of-*gōyim* *wayyimšəlū* in-them *śōnə'êhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyittənēm*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person plural suffix - and he gave them", "*gōyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*wayyimšəlū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they ruled", "*śōnə'êhem*": "qal participle + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their haters" }, "variants": { "*wayyittənēm*": "and he gave them/delivered them/handed them over", "*gōyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*wayyimšəlū*": "and they ruled/had dominion/controlled", "*śōnə'êhem*": "their haters/those who hate them/their enemies" } } 42 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.42", "source": "וַיִּלְחָצ֥וּם אוֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וַ֝יִּכָּנְע֗וּ תַּ֣חַת יָדָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyilḥāṣūm* *'ōyəbêhem* *wayyikkānə'ū* under *yādām*", "grammar": { "*wayyilḥāṣūm*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural + 3rd person plural suffix - and they oppressed them", "*'ōyəbêhem*": "qal participle + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their enemies", "*wayyikkānə'ū*": "niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they were subdued", "*yādām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, singular - their hand" }, "variants": { "*wayyilḥāṣūm*": "and they oppressed them/afflicted them/pressured them", "*'ōyəbêhem*": "their enemies/foes/adversaries", "*wayyikkānə'ū*": "and they were subdued/humbled/brought low", "*yādām*": "their hand/power/control" } } 43 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.43", "source": "פְּעָמִ֥ים רַבּ֗וֹת יַצִּ֫ילֵ֥ם וְ֭הֵמָּה יַמְר֣וּ בַעֲצָתָ֑ם וַ֝יָּמֹ֗כּוּ בַּעֲוֺנָֽם׃", "text": "*pə'āmîm* *rabbōt* *yaṣṣîlēm* and-they *yamrū* with-*'ăṣātām* *wayyāmōkkū* with-*'ăwōnām*", "grammar": { "*pə'āmîm*": "noun, feminine, plural - times", "*rabbōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - many", "*yaṣṣîlēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person plural suffix - he delivered them", "*yamrū*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person plural - they rebelled", "*'ăṣātām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, singular - their counsel", "*wayyāmōkkū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they sank down", "*'ăwōnām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, singular - their iniquity" }, "variants": { "*pə'āmîm*": "times/occasions/instances", "*rabbōt*": "many/numerous/abundant", "*yaṣṣîlēm*": "he delivered them/rescued them/saved them", "*yamrū*": "they rebelled/were disobedient/defied", "*'ăṣātām*": "their counsel/plan/advice", "*wayyāmōkkū*": "and they sank down/were brought low/languished", "*'ăwōnām*": "their iniquity/sin/guilt" } } 44 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.44", "source": "וַ֭יַּרְא בַּצַּ֣ר לָהֶ֑ם בְּ֝שָׁמְע֗וֹ אֶת־רִנָּתָֽם׃", "text": "*wayyar'* in-*ṣar* to-them in-*šom'ō* *'et*-*rinnātām*", "grammar": { "*wayyar'*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw", "*ṣar*": "noun, masculine, singular - distress", "*šom'ō*": "qal infinitive construct + 3rd person suffix - his hearing", "*rinnātām*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, feminine, singular - their cry" }, "variants": { "*wayyar'*": "and he saw/looked/observed", "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/affliction", "*šom'ō*": "his hearing/listening", "*rinnātām*": "their cry/shout/plea" } } 45 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.45", "source": "וַיִּזְכֹּ֣ר לָהֶ֣ם בְּרִית֑וֹ וַ֝יִּנָּחֵ֗ם כְּרֹ֣ב חֲסָדָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyizkōr* for-them *bərîtō* *wayyinnāḥēm* according-to-abundance-of *ḥăsādāyw*", "grammar": { "*wayyizkōr*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he remembered", "*bərîtō*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, feminine, singular - his covenant", "*wayyinnāḥēm*": "niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he relented", "*ḥăsādāyw*": "noun + 3rd person suffix, masculine, plural - his lovingkindnesses" }, "variants": { "*wayyizkōr*": "and he remembered/recalled/was mindful of", "*bərîtō*": "his covenant/agreement/treaty", "*wayyinnāḥēm*": "and he relented/was moved to pity/changed his mind", "*ḥăsādāyw*": "his lovingkindnesses/mercies/acts of covenant faithfulness" } } 46 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.46", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן אוֹתָ֣ם לְרַחֲמִ֑ים לִ֝פְנֵ֗י כָּל־שׁוֹבֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyittēn* them to-*raḥămîm* before all-*šōbêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave", "*raḥămîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - compassion", "*šōbêhem*": "qal participle + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their captors" }, "variants": { "*wayyittēn*": "and he gave/caused/granted", "*raḥămîm*": "compassion/mercy/tender mercies", "*šōbêhem*": "their captors/those who took them captive/their captives" } } 47 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.47", "source": "הוֹשִׁיעֵ֨נוּ ׀ יְה֘וָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְקַבְּצֵנוּ֮ מִֽן־הַגּ֫וֹיִ֥ם לְ֭הֹדוֹת לְשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ לְ֝הִשְׁתַּבֵּ֗חַ בִּתְהִלָּתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*hōšî'ēnū* *YHWH* *'ĕlōhênū* and-*qabbəṣēnū* from-*haggōyim* to-*ləhōdōt* to-*šēm* *qodšekā* to-*ləhištabbēaḥ* in-*təhillātekā*", "grammar": { "*hōšî'ēnū*": "hiphil imperative + 1st person plural suffix - save us", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ĕlōhênū*": "noun + 1st person plural suffix, masculine, plural - our God", "*qabbəṣēnū*": "piel imperative + 1st person plural suffix - gather us", "*haggōyim*": "article + noun, masculine, plural - the nations", "*ləhōdōt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to give thanks", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - name of", "*qodšekā*": "noun + 2nd person suffix, masculine, singular - your holiness", "*ləhištabbēaḥ*": "hithpael infinitive construct - to glory", "*təhillātekā*": "noun + 2nd person suffix, feminine, singular - your praise" }, "variants": { "*hōšî'ēnū*": "save us/deliver us/rescue us", "*'ĕlōhênū*": "our God/our deity", "*qabbəṣēnū*": "gather us/collect us/assemble us", "*haggōyim*": "the nations/peoples/gentiles", "*ləhōdōt*": "to give thanks/praise/acknowledge", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*qodšekā*": "your holiness/sacredness/sanctity", "*ləhištabbēaḥ*": "to glory/boast/take pride", "*təhillātekā*": "your praise/glory/commendation" } } 48 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.48", "source": "בָּ֤רֽוּךְ־יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵ֪י יִשְׂרָאֵ֡ל מִן־הָ֤עוֹלָ֨ם ׀ וְעַ֬ד הָעוֹלָ֗ם וְאָמַ֖ר כָּל־הָעָ֥ם אָמֵ֗ן הַֽלְלוּ־יָֽהּ׃", "text": "*bārūk*-*YHWH* *'ĕlōhê* *Yiśrā'ēl* from-*hā'ōlām* and-until *hā'ōlām* and-*'āmar* all-*hā'ām* *'āmēn* *haləlū*-*Yāh*", "grammar": { "*bārūk*": "qal passive participle, masculine, singular - blessed", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hā'ōlām*": "article + noun, masculine, singular - the eternity", "*'āmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*hā'ām*": "article + noun, masculine, singular - the people", "*'āmēn*": "interjection - amen/truly", "*haləlū*": "piel imperative, masculine plural - praise", "*Yāh*": "divine name - YAH" }, "variants": { "*bārūk*": "blessed/praised/adored", "*'ĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of", "*hā'ōlām*": "the eternity/everlasting/forever", "*'āmar*": "said/declared/affirmed", "*hā'ām*": "the people/nation/folk", "*'āmēn*": "amen/truly/so be it", "*haləlū*": "praise/commend/extol", "*Yāh*": "YAH/shortened form of YHWH" } }