Verse 15

{ "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.15", "source": "וַתִּבְטְחִ֣י בְיָפְיֵ֔ךְ וַתִּזְנִ֖י עַל־שְׁמֵ֑ךְ וַתִּשְׁפְּכִ֧י אֶת־תַּזְנוּתַ֛יִךְ עַל־כָּל־עוֹבֵ֖ר לוֹ־יֶֽהִי׃", "text": "*wa-tiḇṭəḥî* *ḇə-yāpyēḵ* *wa-tiznî* *ʿal*-*šəmēḵ* *wa-tiššəpəḵî* *ʾet*-*taznûtayiḵ* *ʿal*-*kāl*-*ʿôḇēr* *lô*-*yehî*", "grammar": { "*wa-tiḇṭəḥî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you trusted", "*ḇə-yāpyēḵ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your beauty", "*wa-tiznî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you played the harlot", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/because of", "*šəmēḵ*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your name/fame", "*wa-tiššəpəḵî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you poured out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*taznûtayiḵ*": "feminine plural noun + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your harlotries", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*kāl*": "masculine singular construct - every", "*ʿôḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - passer-by", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*yehî*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - may it be/let it be" }, "variants": { "*tiḇṭəḥî*": "you trusted/relied upon/were confident in", "*tiznî*": "you played the harlot/were unfaithful/prostituted yourself", "*tiššəpəḵî*": "you poured out/lavished/bestowed", "*taznûtayiḵ*": "your harlotries/prostitutions/infidelities", "*ʿôḇēr*": "passer-by/one who passes", "*lô*-*yehî*": "to him it might be/his for the taking (unclear idiomatic expression)" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Men du stolte på din skjønnhet og levde løsaktig på grunn av din berømmelse. Du utøste din utukt over enhver forbipasserende. Hver og en tok imot det.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Men du stolte på din egen skjønnhet, og du spilte horen på grunn av ditt ry, og spredte din utroskap til enhver som gikk forbi; det ble hans.

• Norsk King James

  Men du stolte på din egen skjønnhet, og ble utro på grunn av ditt ry, og utøste din utukt over alle som gikk forbi.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Men du ble arrogant på grunn av din skjønnhet, og du drev hor på grunn av ryktet ditt. Du ga deg hen til enhver forbipasserende; han fikk del i deg.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Men du stolte på din skjønnhet og drev hor på ditt ry. Du øste din utukt ut over enhver som kom forbi.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Men du stolte på din egen skjønnhet og ble en skjøge på grunn av ditt ry, og du spredte dine hor blant alle som gikk forbi; det var hans.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Men du stolte på din egen skjønnhet og oppførte deg horaktig for ditt rykte, og du hvorslet ut dine horhandlinger overfor alle forbipasserende.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Men du stolte på din egen skjønnhet og ble en skjøge på grunn av ditt ry, og du spredte dine hor blant alle som gikk forbi; det var hans.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Men du begynte å stole på din skjønnhet og praktiserte utukt på grunn av ditt ry. Du øste ut din utukt over hver som gikk forbi; det var hans.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  But you trusted in your beauty and acted like a prostitute because of your fame. You lavished your acts of prostitution on every passerby, willing to be his.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Men du stolte på din skjønnhet og drev hor på grunn av ditt rykte. Du hellet din utukt på alle som gikk forbi.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Men du forlod dig paa din Deilighed, og du bedrev Horeri, fordi du var navnkundig, og udøste dit Horeri over hver, som gik forbi; ham blev (den til Deel).

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But thou didst trust in thine own beauty, and playedst the harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by; his it was.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Men du stolte på din skjønnhet, og du ble en prostituert på grunn av ditt rykte. Du ga deg hen i utroskap til alle som gikk forbi; det tilhørte dem.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  But you trusted in your own beauty, and played the harlot because of your fame, and poured out your fornications on everyone that passed by; it was his.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  But thou didst trust in thine own beauty, and playedst the harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by; his it was.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Men du stolte på din skjønnhet og drev hor på grunn av din ry, og utøste din utukt på enhver som kom forbi; hans ble det.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Men du stolte på din skjønnhet og brukte din berømmelse til å drive hor. Du bød deg til enhver som gikk forbi, og din skjønnhet ble hans.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Men du stolte på din skjønnhet og drev hor på grunn av ditt rykte, og du kastet ditt horeliv til dem som kom forbi – hans det var.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Men du stolte på din skjønnhet og handlet som en løs kvinnene fordi du var berømt, og bød din billige kjærlighet til enhver som gikk forbi, hvem det enn måtte være.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But thou hast put confidece in thine owne beuty, & played the harlot, when thou haddest gotten the a name. Thou hast committed whordome, with all that wente by the, & hast fulfilled their desyres:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Nowe thou didest trust in thine owne beautie, and playedst the harlot, because of thy renowme, and hast powred out thy fornications on euery one that passed by, thy desire was to him.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But thou hast put thy confidence in thyne owne beautie, and played the harlot because of thy renowne, and hast powred out thy fornications with euery one that went by, thou wast his.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ But thou didst trust in thine own beauty, and playedst the harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy fornications on every one that passed by; his it was.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  But you did trust in your beauty, and played the prostitute because of your renown, and poured out your prostitution on everyone who passed by; his it was.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And thou dost trust in thy beauty, And goest a-whoring because of thy renown, And dost pour out thy whoredoms On every passer by -- to him it is.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  But thou didst trust in thy beauty, and playedst the harlot because of thy renown, and pouredst out thy whoredoms on every one that passed by; his it was.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  But you put your faith in the fact that you were beautiful, acting like a loose woman because you were widely talked of, and offering your cheap love to everyone who went by, whoever it might be.

• World English Bible (2000)

  But you trusted in your beauty, and played the prostitute because of your renown, and poured out your prostitution on everyone who passed by; his it was.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  “‘But you trusted in your beauty and capitalized on your fame by becoming a prostitute. You offered your sexual favors to every man who passed by so that your beauty became his.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 57:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.57.8", "source": "וְאַחַ֤ר הַדֶּ֙לֶת֙ וְהַמְּזוּזָ֔ה שַׂ֖מְתְּ זִכְרוֹנֵ֑ךְ כִּ֣י מֵאִתִּ֞י גִּלִּ֣ית וַֽתַּעֲלִ֗י הִרְחַ֤בְתְּ מִשְׁכָּבֵךְ֙ וַתִּכְרָת־לָ֣ךְ מֵהֶ֔ם אָהַ֥בְתְּ מִשְׁכָּבָ֖ם יָ֥ד חָזִֽית׃", "text": "*wə-ʾaḥar* *haddelet* *wə-hamməzûzāh* *śamt* *zikrônēk* *kî* *mēʾittî* *gillît* *wattaʿălî* *hirḥabt* *miškābēk* *wattikrāt-lāk* *mēhem* *ʾāhabt* *miškābām* *yād* *ḥāzît*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾaḥar*": "conjunctive waw + preposition - and behind", "*haddelet*": "definite article + noun, feminine, singular - the door", "*wə-hamməzûzāh*": "conjunctive waw + definite article + noun, feminine, singular - and the doorpost", "*śamt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you placed/set", "*zikrônēk*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your memorial/symbol", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mēʾittî*": "preposition + preposition + 1st person singular suffix - from me", "*gillît*": "piel perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you uncovered/revealed", "*wattaʿălî*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and you went up", "*hirḥabt*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you made wide/enlarged", "*miškābēk*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your bed", "*wattikrāt-lāk*": "conjunctive waw + qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular with waw consecutive + preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - and you cut/made for yourself", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them", "*ʾāhabt*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you loved", "*miškābām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bed", "*yād*": "noun, feminine, singular - hand/place", "*ḥāzît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you saw/beheld/provided" }, "variants": { "*zikrônēk*": "your memorial/reminder/symbol/pagan symbol", "*mēʾittî*": "away from me/apart from me", "*gillît*": "you uncovered/revealed/exposed", "*hirḥabt*": "you enlarged/made wide/expanded", "*miškābēk*": "your bed/couch/place of lying", "*wattikrāt-lāk*": "you made a covenant for yourself/cut an agreement", "*yād*": "hand/place/phallus/monument", "*ḥāzît*": "you saw/provided/selected/envisioned" } }
• Jer 2:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.20", "source": "כִּ֣י מֵעוֹלָ֞ם שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי עֻלֵּ֗ךְ נִתַּ֙קְתִּי֙ מוֹסְרֹתַ֔יִךְ וַתֹּאמְרִ֖י לֹ֣א אעבד אֶעֱב֑וֹר כִּ֣י עַֽל־כָּל־גִּבְעָ֞ה גְּבֹהָ֗ה וְתַ֙חַת֙ כָּל־עֵ֣ץ רַעֲנָ֔ן אַ֖תְּ צֹעָ֥ה זֹנָֽה׃", "text": "*kî* *mēʿôlām* *šābartî* *ʿullēk* *nittaqtî* *môsərôtayik* *wattōʾmərî* *lōʾ* *ʾeʿĕbôr* *kî* *ʿal*-*kol*-*gibʿāh* *gəbōhāh* *wətaḥat* *kol*-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān* *ʾatt* *ṣōʿāh* *zōnāh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mēʿôlām*": "preposition + noun - from of old/long ago", "*šābartî*": "perfect Qal, 1st singular - I broke", "*ʿullēk*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your yoke", "*nittaqtî*": "perfect Piel, 1st singular - I tore off/broke", "*môsərôtayik*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your bonds/fetters", "*wattōʾmərî*": "consecutive imperfect Qal, 2nd feminine singular - and you said", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾeʿĕbôr*": "imperfect Qal, 1st singular - I will serve/transgress (textual variant between *ʾeʿĕbōd* [serve] and *ʾeʿĕbôr* [transgress/cross over])", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon", "*kol*": "construct noun - every/all of", "*gibʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - hill", "*gəbōhāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wətaḥat*": "conjunction + preposition - and under", "*kol*": "construct noun - every/all of", "*ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - tree", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - luxuriant/green/leafy", "*ʾatt*": "2nd feminine singular pronoun - you", "*ṣōʿāh*": "participle Qal, feminine singular - bowing down/reclining", "*zōnāh*": "participle Qal, feminine singular - prostituting/playing harlot" }, "variants": { "*mēʿôlām*": "from of old/long ago/ancient times", "*šābartî*": "I broke/shattered/smashed", "*ʿullēk*": "your yoke/burden", "*nittaqtî*": "I tore off/broke/burst", "*môsərôtayik*": "your bonds/fetters/chains", "*ʾeʿĕbôr*": "I will serve (Qere: *ʾeʿĕbōd*) / I will transgress (Ketiv: *ʾeʿĕbôr*)", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height", "*raʿănān*": "luxuriant/green/leafy/flourishing", "*ṣōʿāh*": "bowing down/reclining/lying down", "*zōnāh*": "prostituting/playing harlot/being unfaithful" } }
• Ezek 16:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.25", "source": "אֶל־כָּל־רֹ֣אשׁ דֶּ֗רֶךְ בָּנִית֙ רָֽמָתֵ֔ךְ וַתְּתַֽעֲבִי֙ אֶת־יָפְיֵ֔ךְ וַתְּפַשְּׂקִ֥י אֶת־רַגְלַ֖יִךְ לְכָל־עוֹבֵ֑ר וַתַּרְבִּ֖י אֶת־תַּזְנוּתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "To all-*rōʾš* *derek* *bānît* *rāmātēk* and *wattətaʿăbî* *ʾet*-*yāfyēk* and *wattəfaśśəqî* *ʾet*-*raglayik* to all-*ʿôbēr* and *watarbî* *ʾet*-*taznûtāyik*.", "grammar": { "*rōʾš*": "head/top, noun construct", "*derek*": "way/road/path, noun absolute", "*bānît*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you built", "*rāmātēk*": "your high place, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wattətaʿăbî*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you abominated/made abominable", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yāfyēk*": "your beauty, noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*wattəfaśśəqî*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you spread wide", "*raglayik*": "your feet/legs, dual noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix", "*ʿôbēr*": "one passing by, qal participle masculine singular", "*watarbî*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you multiplied/increased", "*taznûtāyik*": "your prostitutions, plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš derek*": "head of the way/top of the road/prominent place on the path", "*wattətaʿăbî*": "you made abominable/you defiled/you profaned", "*wattəfaśśəqî*": "you spread wide/you opened/you parted", "*watarbî*": "you multiplied/you increased/you made abundant" } }
• Jer 7:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.7.4", "source": "אַל־תִּבְטְח֣וּ לָכֶ֔ם אֶל־דִּבְרֵ֥י הַשֶּׁ֖קֶר לֵאמֹ֑ר הֵיכַ֤ל יְהוָה֙ הֵיכַ֣ל יְהוָ֔ה הֵיכַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה הֵֽמָּה׃", "text": "Not-*tibṭĕḥû* to-you to-*dibrê* the-*šeqer* *lēʾmōr* *hêkal YHWH hêkal YHWH hêkal YHWH hēmmāh*", "grammar": { "*tibṭĕḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - trust/rely", "*dibrê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - words of", "*šeqer*": "definite noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hêkal*": "noun, masculine singular - temple/palace", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they/these" }, "variants": { "*tibṭĕḥû*": "trust/rely/depend on", "*dibrê*": "words/sayings/phrases", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*hêkal*": "temple/palace/sanctuary", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say/as follows" } }
• Ezek 23:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.3", "source": "וַתִּזְנֶ֣ינָה בְמִצְרַ֔יִם בִּנְעוּרֵיהֶ֖ן זָנ֑וּ שָׁ֚מָּה מֹעֲכ֣וּ שְׁדֵיהֶ֔ן וְשָׁ֣ם עִשּׂ֔וּ דַּדֵּ֖י בְּתוּלֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And *wattiznênā* in *miṣrayim* in *binəʿûrêhen* *zānû* there *mōʿăkû* *šədêhen* and there *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *bətûlêhen*", "grammar": { "*wattiznênā*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *zānâ* - and they played the whore/committed fornication", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*binəʿûrêhen*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - in their youth", "*zānû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect of *zānâ* - they played the whore", "*mōʿăkû*": "3rd plural masculine Qal perfect - they pressed/squeezed/handled", "*šədêhen*": "plural construct noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their breasts", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/squeezed/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*bətûlêhen*": "plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their virginity/maidenhood" }, "variants": { "*zānâ*": "to commit fornication/play the harlot/be unfaithful", "*mōʿăkû*": "to press/handle/squeeze", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*bətûlêhen*": "their virginity/maidenhood/youth" } }
• Ezek 23:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.8", "source": "וְאֶת־תַּזְנוּתֶ֤יהָ מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א עָזָ֔בָה כִּ֤י אוֹתָהּ֙ שָׁכְב֣וּ בִנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ וְהֵ֥מָּה עִשּׂ֖וּ דַּדֵּ֣י בְתוּלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֥וּ תַזְנוּתָ֖ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*taznûtêhā* from *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzāḇâ* for *ʾôtāh* *šāḵəḇû* in *ḇinəʿûrêhā* and they *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *ḇətûlêhā* and *wayyišpəḵû* *taznûtām* upon her", "grammar": { "*ʾet*-*taznûtêhā*": "direct object marker + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzāḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she abandoned/left", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her/with her", "*šāḵəḇû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they lay/slept with", "*ḇinəʿûrêhā*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her youth", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*ḇətûlêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her virginity/maidenhood", "*wayyišpəḵû*": "3rd plural masculine waw-consecutive imperfect of *šāpaḵ* - and they poured out", "*taznûtām*": "plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fornication" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzāḇâ*": "she left/abandoned/forsook", "*šāḵəḇû*": "they lay with/slept with/had sexual relations with", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*šāpaḵ*": "to pour out/spill", "*taznûtām*": "their fornication/harlotry/prostitution" } }
• Isa 1:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.21", "source": "אֵיכָה֙ הָיְתָ֣ה לְזוֹנָ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֗ט צֶ֛דֶק יָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְעַתָּ֥ה מְרַצְּחִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾêkâ* *hāyᵉtâ* *lᵉzônâ* *qiryâ* *neʾĕmānâ* *mᵉlēʾătî* *mišpāṭ* *ṣedeq* *yālîn* *bāh* *wᵉ'attâ* *mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾêkâ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*hāyᵉtâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has become", "*lᵉzônâ*": "preposition lᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - a harlot", "*qiryâ*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*neʾĕmānâ*": "adjective, niphal participle, feminine singular - faithful", "*mᵉlēʾătî*": "adjective, feminine singular - full of", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*yālîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - would lodge", "*bāh*": "preposition bᵉ- + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her", "*wᵉ'attâ*": "conjunction wə- + adverb - and now", "*mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - murderers" }, "variants": { "*ʾêkâ*": "how/alas/what a tragedy", "*hāyᵉtâ*": "has become/has turned into", "*lᵉzônâ*": "a harlot/prostitute", "*qiryâ*": "city/town", "*neʾĕmānâ*": "faithful/trustworthy/loyal", "*mᵉlēʾătî*": "full of/filled with", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/what is right", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*yālîn*": "would lodge/dwell/remain overnight", "*mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*": "murderers/assassins/those who kill" } }
• Hos 1:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.1.2", "source": "תְּחִלַּ֥ת דִּבֶּר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּהוֹשֵׁ֑עַ פ וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־הוֹשֵׁ֗עַ לֵ֣ךְ קַח־לְךָ֞ אֵ֤שֶׁת זְנוּנִים֙ וְיַלְדֵ֣י זְנוּנִ֔ים כִּֽי־זָנֹ֤ה תִזְנֶה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵֽאַחֲרֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Təḥillat* *diber*-*YHWH* in-*Hôšēaʿ* [paragraph mark] and-*yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Hôšēaʿ* *lēk* *qaḥ*-to-you *ʾēšet* *zənûnîm* and-*yaldê* *zənûnîm* for-*zānōh* *tizneh* the-*ʾāreṣ* from-*ʾaḥărê* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*Təḥillat*": "construct state, feminine singular - beginning of", "*diber*": "piel infinitive construct - speaking of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*lēk*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - take", "*ʾēšet*": "construct state, feminine singular - wife of", "*zənûnîm*": "masculine plural noun - harlotries/prostitutions", "*yaldê*": "construct state, masculine plural - children of", "*zānōh*": "qal infinitive absolute - fornicate/commit harlotry", "*tizneh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - commits fornication/harlotry", "*ʾāreṣ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - from after/behind" }, "variants": { "*Təḥillat*": "beginning/start/commencement", "*zənûnîm*": "harlotry/fornication/prostitution/unfaithfulness", "*zānōh tizneh*": "emphatically prostituting/surely committing harlotry", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory" } }
• Hos 4:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.10", "source": "וְאָֽכְלוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִשְׂבָּ֔עוּ הִזְנ֖וּ וְלֹ֣א יִפְרֹ֑צוּ כִּֽי־אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה עָזְב֖וּ לִשְׁמֹֽר׃", "text": "*wə-ʾākəlû* *wə-lōʾ* *yiśbāʿû* *hiznû* *wə-lōʾ* *yiprōṣû* *kî*-*ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʿāzəbû* *lišmōr*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾākəlû*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they will eat", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yiśbāʿû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be satisfied", "*hiznû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural, hiphil - they committed/will commit fornication", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yiprōṣû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will increase/multiply", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʿāzəbû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural - they abandoned/forsook", "*lišmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to keep/observe/guard" }, "variants": { "*śābaʿ*": "be satisfied/filled/have enough", "*zānâ*": "commit fornication/be unfaithful/prostitute", "*pāraṣ*": "increase/break out/multiply/spread abroad", "*ʿāzab*": "leave/forsake/abandon", "*šāmar*": "keep/guard/observe/preserve" } }
• Mic 3:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Micah.3.11", "source": "רָאשֶׁ֣יהָ ׀ בְּשֹׁ֣חַד יִשְׁפֹּ֗טוּ וְכֹהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙ בִּמְחִ֣יר יוֹר֔וּ וּנְבִיאֶ֖יהָ בְּכֶ֣סֶף יִקְסֹ֑מוּ וְעַל־יְהוָה֙ יִשָּׁעֵ֣נוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֤וֹא יְהוָה֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָֽה׃", "text": "*rāʾšêhā* for-*šōḥad* *yišpōṭû* and-*kōhănêhā* for-*mĕḥîr* *yôrû* and-*nĕbîʾêhā* for-*kesep* *yiqsōmû* and-upon-*YHWH* *yiššāʿēnû* saying *hălôʾ* *YHWH* in-*qirbēnû* not-*tābôʾ* upon-us *rāʿâ*", "grammar": { "*rāʾšêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her heads/leaders", "*šōḥad*": "masculine singular noun - bribe", "*yišpōṭû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they judge", "*kōhănêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her priests", "*mĕḥîr*": "masculine singular noun - price/payment", "*yôrû*": "3rd person plural hiphil imperfect - they teach", "*nĕbîʾêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her prophets", "*kesep*": "masculine singular noun - silver/money", "*yiqsōmû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they divine", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "3rd person plural niphal imperfect - they lean", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*qirbēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our midst", "*tābôʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular qal imperfect - she will come", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun/adjective - evil/disaster" }, "variants": { "*rāʾšêhā*": "her heads/leaders/chiefs", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift", "*yišpōṭû*": "they judge/govern", "*mĕḥîr*": "price/payment/hire", "*yôrû*": "they teach/instruct", "*kesep*": "silver/money/payment", "*yiqsōmû*": "they divine/practice divination", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "they lean/rely/depend", "*qirbēnû*": "our midst/among us", "*tābôʾ*": "she will come/arrive/happen", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity" } }
• Zeph 3:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.11", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא לֹ֤א תֵב֙וֹשִׁי֙ מִכֹּ֣ל עֲלִילֹתַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּשַׁ֖עַתְּ בִּ֑י כִּי־אָ֣ז ׀ אָסִ֣יר מִקִּרְבֵּ֗ךְ עַלִּיזֵי֙ גַּאֲוָתֵ֔ךְ וְלֹֽא־תוֹסִ֧פִי לְגָבְהָ֛ה ע֖וֹד בְּהַ֥ר קָדְשִֽׁי", "text": "In *yôm* *hahûʾ* not *tēbôšî* from all *ʿălîlōtayik* *ʾăšer* *pāšaʿt* against me; because-then *ʾāsîr* from *qirbēk* *ʿallîzê* *gaʾăwātēk*, and not-*tôsîpî* to *gābeâ* again in *har* *qādešî*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative adjective - that", "*tēbôšî*": "qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - you will be ashamed", "*ʿălîlōtayik*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your deeds/actions", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*pāšaʿt*": "qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - you transgressed/rebelled", "*ʾāsîr*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I will remove", "*qirbēk*": "masculine singular noun with preposition and 2nd feminine singular suffix - from your midst", "*ʿallîzê*": "adjective masculine plural construct - exultant ones of", "*gaʾăwātēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your pride/arrogance", "*tôsîpî*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd feminine singular - you will add/continue", "*gābeâ*": "qal infinitive construct - to be haughty/proud", "*har*": "masculine singular noun - mountain", "*qādešî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my holiness/holy mountain" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/time", "*hahûʾ*": "that/the same", "*tēbôšî*": "you will be ashamed/humiliated", "*ʿălîlōtayik*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*pāšaʿt*": "you transgressed/rebelled/sinned", "*ʾāsîr*": "I will remove/take away", "*qirbēk*": "from your midst/from among you", "*ʿallîzê*": "exultant ones/jubilant ones/proud ones", "*gaʾăwātēk*": "your pride/arrogance/exultation", "*tôsîpî*": "you will add/continue/do again", "*gābeâ*": "to be haughty/proud/exalted", "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*qādešî*": "my holiness/my holy mountain" } }
• Matt 3:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Matthew.3.9", "source": "Καὶ μὴ δόξητε λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, Πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ: Λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν, ὅτι δύναται ὁ Θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ.", "text": "And not *doxēte* *legein* in *heautois*, *Patera* we *echomen* the *Abraam*: *Legō* *gar* to you, that *dynatai* the *Theos* from the *lithōn* *toutōn* *egeirai* *tekna* to the *Abraam*.", "grammar": { "*doxēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd plural - think/presume", "*legein*": "present active infinitive - to say", "*heautois*": "reflexive pronoun, dative, masculine, plural - to yourselves", "*Patera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - father", "*echomen*": "present active indicative, 1st plural - we have", "*Abraam*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Abraham", "*Legō*": "present active indicative, 1st singular - I say", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*dynatai*": "present middle/passive indicative, 3rd singular - is able", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*lithōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of stones", "*toutōn*": "demonstrative pronoun, genitive, masculine, plural - these", "*egeirai*": "aorist active infinitive - to raise up", "*tekna*": "accusative, neuter, plural - children", "*Abraam*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Abraham" }, "variants": { "*doxēte*": "think/presume/suppose", "*legein*": "to say/to speak/to claim", "*echomen*": "we have/we possess/we hold", "*Legō*": "I say/I tell/I declare", "*dynatai*": "is able/can/has power", "*lithōn*": "stones/rocks", "*egeirai*": "to raise up/to bring forth/to produce", "*tekna*": "children/descendants/offspring" } }
• Rev 17:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.5", "source": "Καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ μέτωπον αὐτῆς ὄνομα γεγραμμένον, Μυστήριον, Βαβυλὼν Ἡ Μεγάλη, Ἡ Μήτηρ Τῶν Πορνῶν Καὶ Τῶν Βδελυγμάτων Τῆς Γῆς.", "text": "And upon the *metōpon* of her *onoma* *gegrammenon*, *Mystērion*, *Babylōn* The *Megalē*, The *Mētēr* Of The *Pornōn* And Of The *Bdelygmatōn* Of The *Gēs*.", "grammar": { "*metōpon*": "accusative singular neuter - forehead", "*onoma*": "nominative singular neuter - name", "*gegrammenon*": "perfect passive participle, nominative singular neuter - having been written", "*Mystērion*": "nominative singular neuter - mystery", "*Babylōn*": "nominative singular feminine - Babylon", "*Megalē*": "nominative singular feminine - great", "*Mētēr*": "nominative singular feminine - mother", "*Pornōn*": "genitive plural feminine - of prostitutes", "*Bdelygmatōn*": "genitive plural neuter - of abominations", "*Gēs*": "genitive singular feminine - of earth/land" }, "variants": { "*metōpon*": "forehead/front", "*onoma*": "name/title/reputation", "*gegrammenon*": "written/inscribed/recorded", "*Mystērion*": "mystery/secret/hidden truth", "*Babylōn*": "Babylon (literal city or symbolic entity)", "*Megalē*": "great/large/mighty", "*Mētēr*": "mother/source/origin", "*Pornōn*": "prostitutes/harlots/sexually immoral persons", "*Bdelygmatōn*": "abominations/detestable things/idolatrous practices", "*Gēs*": "earth/land/world" } }
• Ezek 16:36-37 : 36 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.36", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֗ה יַ֣עַן הִשָּׁפֵ֤ךְ נְחֻשְׁתֵּךְ֙ וַתִּגָּלֶ֣ה עֶרְוָתֵ֔ךְ כְּ‪[t]‬תַזְנוּתַ֖יִךְ עַל־מְאַהֲבָ֑יִךְ וְעַל֙ כָּל־גִּלּוּלֵ֣י תוֹעֲבוֹתַ֔יִךְ וְכִדְמֵ֣י בָנַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָתַ֖תְּ לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *yəhōwih*, because *hišāpēḵ* your *nəḥuštēḵ* and *watigāleh* your *ʿerwātēḵ* in your *tazənûtayiḵ* upon your *məʾahăḇāyiḵ* and upon all *gilûlê* your *tôʿăḇôtayiḵ* and like the *ḏimê* your *ḇānayiḵ* which *nātat* to them.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with suffix - my Lord", "*yəhōwih*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because/on account of", "*hišāpēḵ*": "niphal infinitive construct - was poured out/spilled", "*nəḥuštēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your bronze/filthiness/lust", "*watigāleh*": "niphal consecutive imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and was uncovered/revealed", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your nakedness/genitals", "*tazənûtayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your fornications/acts of harlotry", "*məʾahăḇāyiḵ*": "piel participle, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your lovers", "*gilûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*tôʿăḇôtayiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your abominations", "*ḏimê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - blood of", "*ḇānayiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sons/children", "*nātat*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you gave" }, "variants": { "*nəḥuštēḵ*": "filthiness/lust/copper/bronze/brass", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "nakedness/genitals/shame", "*tazənûtayiḵ*": "prostitutions/whoredoms/fornications", "*məʾahăḇāyiḵ*": "lovers/paramours", "*gilûlê*": "idols/logs/dung-gods", "*tôʿăḇôtayiḵ*": "abominations/detestable things", "*ḏimê*": "blood/bloodshed/bloodguilt" } } 37 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.37", "source": "לָ֠כֵן הִנְנִ֨י מְקַבֵּ֤ץ אֶת־כָּל־מְאַהֲבַ֙יִךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָרַ֣בְתְּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֵת֙ כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהַ֔בְתְּ עַ֖ל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׂנֵ֑את וְקִבַּצְתִּי֩ אֹתָ֨ם עָלַ֜יִךְ מִסָּבִ֗יב וְגִלֵּיתִ֤י עֶרְוָתֵךְ֙ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם וְרָא֖וּ אֶת־כָּל־עֶרְוָתֵֽךְ׃", "text": "Therefore *hinənî* *məqabēṣ* *ʾet*-all your *məʾahăḇayiḵ* whom *ʿāraḇt* upon them, and *ʾēt* all whom *ʾāhaḇt* upon all whom *śānēʾt*; and *wəqibaṣtî* them *ʿālayiḵ* from *misāḇîḇ* and *wəgilêtî* your *ʿerwātēḵ* to them, and *wərāʾû* *ʾet*-all your *ʿerwātēḵ*.", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus/consequently", "*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st singular suffix - here am I/behold me", "*məqabēṣ*": "piel participle, masculine singular - gathering/assembling", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*məʾahăḇayiḵ*": "piel participle, masculine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your lovers", "*ʿāraḇt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you found sweet/pleasant/pleasing", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾāhaḇt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you loved", "*śānēʾt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you hated", "*wəqibaṣtî*": "piel perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will gather", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - upon you/against you", "*misāḇîḇ*": "preposition + noun - from all around/from every side", "*wəgilêtî*": "piel perfect, 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I will uncover/reveal", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your nakedness/genitals", "*wərāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they will see" }, "variants": { "*məʾahăḇayiḵ*": "lovers/paramours", "*ʿāraḇt*": "you found sweet/pleasant/you mingled with/engaged with", "*ʾāhaḇt*": "you loved/desired", "*śānēʾt*": "you hated/detested/rejected", "*ʿerwātēḵ*": "nakedness/genitals/shame/exposed parts" } }
• Ezek 20:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.8", "source": "וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֗י וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלַ֔י אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וְאֶת־גִּלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֣א עָזָ֑בוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלּ֤וֹת אַפִּי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*wayyamrû*-against-me and-not *ʾābû* *lišmōaʿ* to-me; *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*šiqqûṣê* *ʿênêhem* not *hišlîkû* and-*ʾet*-*gillûlê* *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzābû*; and-*wāʾōmar* *lišpōk* *ḥămātî* upon-them *lĕkallôt* *ʾappî* against-them in-*tôk* *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyamrû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they rebelled", "*ʾābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were willing", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each/each man", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šiqqûṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - detestable things of", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*hišlîkû*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they cast away", "*gillûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they forsook", "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*lišpōk*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to pour out", "*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*lĕkallôt*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct - to complete/finish", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wayyamrû*": "and they rebelled/and they were disobedient/and they were defiant", "*ʾābû*": "they were willing/they consented/they agreed", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to listen/to hear/to obey", "*šiqqûṣê*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*hišlîkû*": "they cast away/they threw away/they abandoned", "*ʿāzābû*": "they forsook/they abandoned/they left", "*lišpōk* *ḥămātî*": "to pour out my wrath (idiom for punishment)", "*lĕkallôt* *ʾappî*": "to spend my anger/to exhaust my fury" } }
• Isa 48:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.48.1", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֣את בֵּֽית־יַעֲקֹ֗ב הַנִּקְרָאִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וּמִמֵּ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה יָצָ֑אוּ הַֽנִּשְׁבָּעִ֣ים ׀ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה וּבֵאלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יַזְכִּ֔ירוּ לֹ֥א בֶאֱמֶ֖ת וְלֹ֥א בִצְדָקָֽה׃", "text": "*Shimʿû*-*zōʾt* *bêt*-*yaʿăqōb* *hanniqrāʾîm* in *shēm* *yiśrāʾēl* *ûmimmê* *yehûdāh* *yāṣāʾû* *hannishbāʿîm* in *shēm* *YHWH* *ûbēʾlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* *yazkîrû* not in *ʾemet* and not in *ṣedāqāh*", "grammar": { "*Shimʿû*": "imperative plural - hear/listen", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative feminine singular - this", "*bêt*": "construct state - house of", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*hanniqrāʾîm*": "definite article + niphal participle masculine plural - the ones being called", "*shēm*": "masculine singular construct - name of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ûmimmê*": "conjunction wə + preposition min + construct form - and from waters of", "*yehûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yāṣāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they came out/went forth", "*hannishbāʿîm*": "definite article + niphal participle masculine plural - the ones swearing", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ûbēʾlōhê*": "conjunction wə + preposition bə + construct form - and in/by God of", "*yazkîrû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they mention/invoke", "*ʾemet*": "feminine singular - truth/faithfulness", "*ṣedāqāh*": "feminine singular - righteousness" }, "variants": { "*Shimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*hanniqrāʾîm*": "called/named/summoned", "*ûmimmê*": "from waters of/from sources of/from lineage of", "*yāṣāʾû*": "came forth/descended/originated", "*hannishbāʿîm*": "who swear/take oaths/make pledges", "*yazkîrû*": "mention/invoke/proclaim/commemorate", "*ʾemet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*ṣedāqāh*": "righteousness/justice/rightful conduct" } }
• Jer 3:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.1", "source": "לֵאמֹ֡ר הֵ֣ן יְשַׁלַּ֣ח אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ֩ וְהָלְכָ֨ה מֵאִתּ֜וֹ וְהָיְתָ֣ה לְאִישׁ־אַחֵ֗ר הֲיָשׁ֤וּב אֵלֶ֙יהָ֙ ע֔וֹד הֲל֛וֹא חָנ֥וֹף תֶּחֱנַ֖ף הָאָ֣רֶץ הַהִ֑יא וְאַ֗תְּ זָנִית֙ רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְשׁ֥וֹב אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהֹוָֽה׃", "text": "*lēʾmōr* *hēn* *yᵉšallaḥ* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*ʾištô* *wᵉhālᵉḵâ* from-him *wᵉhāyᵉtâ* to-*ʾîš*-another, *hᵃyāšûḇ* to-her again? *hᵃlôʾ* *ḥānôp̄* *teḥĕnap̄* the-*ʾereṣ* that? And-you *zānît* *rēʿîm* many, yet-*šôḇ* to-me *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to say/saying'", "*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - 'behold/if'", "*yᵉšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'sends away/dismisses'", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - 'man/husband'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his wife'", "*wᵉhālᵉḵâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she goes/went'", "*wᵉhāyᵉtâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she becomes/became'", "*hᵃyāšûḇ*": "interrogative particle + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'will he return?'", "*hᵃlôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - 'will not?'", "*ḥānôp̄*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'utterly polluted'", "*teḥĕnap̄*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'be polluted'", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'land/earth'", "*zānît*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you have played the harlot'", "*rēʿîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'companions/lovers'", "*šôḇ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'return'", "*nᵉʾum*": "construct state, utterance/declaration", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*hēn*": "behold/look/if", "*yᵉšallaḥ*": "sends away/divorces/dismisses", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband/each one", "*wᵉhālᵉḵâ*": "and she goes/departs/leaves", "*wᵉhāyᵉtâ*": "and she becomes/belongs to", "*hᵃyāšûḇ*": "will he return/take her back", "*ḥānôp̄*": "greatly polluted/utterly defiled", "*teḥĕnap̄*": "be polluted/defiled/profaned", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory", "*zānît*": "played the harlot/been promiscuous/been unfaithful", "*rēʿîm*": "companions/friends/lovers", "*šôḇ*": "return/come back", "*nᵉʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } }
• Ezek 23:11-21 : 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.11", "source": "וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ אֲחוֹתָ֣הּ אָהֳלִיבָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁחֵ֥ת עַגְבָתָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְאֶת־תַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יהָ מִזְּנוּנֵ֖י אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wattēreʾ* *ʾăḥôtāh* *ʾāhŏlîḇâ* and *wattašḥēt* *ʿaḡḇātāh* than her and *ʾet*-*taznûtêhā* from *zənûnê* *ʾăḥôtāh*", "grammar": { "*wattēreʾ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and she saw", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister", "*ʾāhŏlîḇâ*": "proper noun - Oholibah", "*wattašḥēt*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *šāḥat* - and she corrupted", "*ʿaḡḇātāh*": "noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her lust", "*ʾet*-*taznûtêhā*": "direct object marker + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*zənûnê*": "plural construct - harlotries of", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister" }, "variants": { "*wattašḥēt*": "she corrupted/was more corrupt in", "*ʿaḡḇātāh*": "her lust/inordinate affection", "*taznûtêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions", "*zənûnê*": "harlotries/prostitutions/fornications of" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.12", "source": "אֶל־בְּנֵי֩ אַשּׁ֨וּר עָגָ֜בָה פַּח֨וֹת וּסְגָנִ֤ים קְרֹבִים֙ לְבֻשֵׁ֣י מִכְל֔וֹל פָּרָשִׁ֖ים רֹכְבֵ֣י סוּסִ֑ים בַּח֥וּרֵי חֶ֖מֶד כֻּלָּֽם׃", "text": "Unto-*bənê* *ʾaššûr* *ʿāḡāḇâ* *paḥôt* and *səḡānîm* *qərōḇîm* *ləḇušê* *miḵlôl* *pārāšîm* *rōḵəḇê* *sûsîm* *baḥûrê* *ḥemed* all of them", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*ʿāḡāḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she lusted after", "*paḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - governors", "*səḡānîm*": "masculine plural noun - officials/rulers", "*qərōḇîm*": "masculine plural adjective - neighboring/near", "*ləḇušê*": "masculine plural construct - clothed in/wearing", "*miḵlôl*": "masculine singular noun - perfection/splendor", "*pārāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen", "*rōḵəḇê*": "masculine plural construct participle - riders of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*baḥûrê*": "masculine plural construct - young men of", "*ḥemed*": "masculine singular noun - desire/delight" }, "variants": { "*paḥôt*": "governors/captains/officials", "*səḡānîm*": "prefects/rulers/officials", "*miḵlôl*": "perfection/splendor/gorgeous clothing", "*baḥûrê*": "young men/choice men", "*ḥemed*": "desire/desirability/handsome" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.13", "source": "וָאֵ֖רֶא כִּ֣י נִטְמָ֑אָה דֶּ֥רֶךְ אֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And *wāʾēreʾ* that *niṭmāʾâ* *dereḵ* *ʾeḥād* for both of them", "grammar": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "1st singular Qal waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and I saw", "*niṭmāʾâ*": "3rd feminine singular Niphal perfect - she was defiled", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular construct - way of", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral - one", "*lištêhen*": "preposition + dual feminine noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for both of them" }, "variants": { "*niṭmāʾâ*": "she was defiled/polluted/made unclean", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/manner" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.14", "source": "וַתּ֖וֹסֶף אֶל־תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ וַתֵּ֗רֶא אַנְשֵׁי֙ מְחֻקֶּ֣ה עַל־הַקִּ֔יר צַלְמֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֔ים חֲקֻקִ֖ים בַּשָּׁשַֽׁר׃", "text": "And *wattôsef* unto-*taznûtêhā* and *wattēreʾ* *ʾanšê* *məḥuqqeh* upon-*haqqîr* *ṣalmê* *kaśdîm* *ḥăquqîm* in *baššāšar*", "grammar": { "*wattôsef*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *yāsap* - and she added", "*taznûtêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*wattēreʾ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and she saw", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*məḥuqqeh*": "passive participle - portrayed/drawn/carved", "*haqqîr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the wall", "*ṣalmê*": "masculine plural construct - images of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*ḥăquqîm*": "masculine plural Qal passive participle - carved/engraved", "*baššāšar*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the vermilion/red ochre" }, "variants": { "*wattôsef*": "she increased/added to", "*məḥuqqeh*": "portrayed/drawn/carved", "*ṣalmê*": "images/likenesses/figures", "*ḥăquqîm*": "carved/engraved/portrayed", "*baššāšar*": "in vermilion/red ochre/bright red color" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.15", "source": "חֲגוֹרֵ֨י אֵז֜וֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֗ם סְרוּחֵ֤י טְבוּלִים֙ בְּרָ֣אשֵׁיהֶ֔ם מַרְאֵ֥ה שָׁלִשִׁ֖ים כֻּלָּ֑ם דְּמ֤וּת בְּנֵֽי־בָבֶל֙ כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֶ֖רֶץ מוֹלַדְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*ḥăḡôrê* *ʾēzôr* in *bəmātnêhem* *sərûḥê* *ṭəḇûlîm* in *bərāʾšêhem* *marʾēh* *šālišîm* all of them *dəmût* *bənê*-*ḇāḇel* *kaśdîm* *ʾereṣ* *môladtām*", "grammar": { "*ḥăḡôrê*": "masculine plural construct - girded with", "*ʾēzôr*": "masculine singular noun - belt/girdle", "*bəmātnêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - around their loins", "*sərûḥê*": "masculine plural construct - hanging down/flowing", "*ṭəḇûlîm*": "masculine plural noun - turbans/dyed attire", "*bərāʾšêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their heads", "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - appearance of", "*šālišîm*": "masculine plural noun - officers", "*dəmût*": "feminine singular construct - likeness of", "*bənê*-*ḇāḇel*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Babylon", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*môladtām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their nativity/birth" }, "variants": { "*ḥăḡôrê*": "girded with/wearing", "*ʾēzôr*": "belt/girdle/waistband", "*sərûḥê*": "hanging down/flowing/redundant", "*ṭəḇûlîm*": "turbans/dyed attire/colored headdresses", "*marʾēh*": "appearance/sight/vision", "*šālišîm*": "officers/captains/nobles", "*dəmût*": "likeness/appearance/similitude", "*môladtām*": "their nativity/birthplace/native land" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.16", "source": "וַתַּעְגְּבָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַרְאֵ֣ה עֵינֶ֑יהָ וַתִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כַּשְׂדִּֽימָה׃", "text": "And *wattaʿgəbâ* upon them to *marʾēh* *ʿênêhā* and *wattišlaḥ* *malʾāḵîm* to them *kaśdîmâ*", "grammar": { "*wattaʿgəbâ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *ʿāgaḇ* - and she lusted after", "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - sight of", "*ʿênêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her eyes", "*wattišlaḥ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *šālaḥ* - and she sent", "*malʾāḵîm*": "masculine plural noun - messengers", "*kaśdîmâ*": "proper noun + directional he - to Chaldea" }, "variants": { "*wattaʿgəbâ*": "she lusted after/doted upon", "*marʾēh*": "sight/appearance/vision", "*malʾāḵîm*": "messengers/envoys/ambassadors", "*kaśdîmâ*": "to Chaldea/toward the land of the Chaldeans" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.17", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ אֵלֶ֤יהָ בְנֵֽי־בָבֶל֙ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב דֹּדִ֔ים וַיְטַמְּא֥וּ אוֹתָ֖הּ בְּתַזְנוּתָ֑ם וַתִּ֨טְמָא־בָ֔ם וַתֵּ֥קַע נַפְשָׁ֖הּ מֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyāḇōʾû* to her *bənê*-*ḇāḇel* to *miškab* *dōdîm* and *wayəṭamməʾû* her in *bətaznûtām* and *wattiṭmāʾ*-in them and *wattēqaʿ* *nafšāh* from them", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "3rd plural masculine waw-consecutive imperfect of *bôʾ* - and they came", "*bənê*-*ḇāḇel*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Babylon", "*miškab*": "masculine singular construct - bed of", "*dōdîm*": "masculine plural noun - loves/carnal love", "*wayəṭamməʾû*": "3rd plural masculine waw-consecutive imperfect of *ṭāmēʾ* - and they defiled", "*bətaznûtām*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with their fornication", "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *ṭāmēʾ* - and she was defiled", "*wattēqaʿ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *yāqaʿ* - and she turned away", "*nafšāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her soul", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from them" }, "variants": { "*miškab*": "bed/couch/place of lying", "*dōdîm*": "loves/caresses/sexual relations", "*wayəṭamməʾû*": "they defiled/polluted/made unclean", "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "she was defiled/polluted/made unclean", "*wattēqaʿ*": "she turned away/alienated/was disgusted with", "*nafšāh*": "her soul/desire/mind" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.18", "source": "וַתְּגַל֙ תַּזְנוּתֶ֔יהָ וַתְּגַ֖ל אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֤קַע נַפְשִׁי֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נָקְעָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י מֵעַ֥ל אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wattəḡal* *taznûtêhā* and *wattəḡal* *ʾet*-*ʿerwātāh* and *wattēqaʿ* *nafšî* from upon her as *nāqəʿâ* *nafšî* from upon *ʾăḥôtāh*", "grammar": { "*wattəḡal*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *gālâ* - and she uncovered/revealed", "*taznûtêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*ʾet*-*ʿerwātāh*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness", "*wattēqaʿ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *yāqaʿ* - and was alienated", "*nafšî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my soul", "*nāqəʿâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - was alienated", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister" }, "variants": { "*wattəḡal*": "she uncovered/revealed/exposed", "*taznûtêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions/unfaithfulness", "*ʿerwātāh*": "her nakedness/shame/genitals", "*wattēqaʿ*": "was alienated/turned away/became disgusted", "*nafšî*": "my soul/mind/desire", "*nāqəʿâ*": "was alienated/turned away/became disgusted" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.19", "source": "וַתַּרְבֶּ֖ה אֶת־תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ לִזְכֹּר֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָנְתָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And she *tarbeh* [increased] *ʾet*-*taznûteyhā* [her prostitutions] *lizkōr* *ʾet*-*yᵊmê* *nᵊʿûreyhā* [days of her youth] *ʾăšer* *zāntāh* [in which she prostituted] in *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* [land of Egypt].", "grammar": { "*tarbeh*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular - multiplied/increased", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*taznûteyhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her acts of prostitution/harlotry", "*lizkōr*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition lamed - to remember/recall", "*yᵊmê*": "construct masculine plural of *yôm* (day)", "*nᵊʿûreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her youth", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that/when", "*zāntāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she played the harlot/prostituted herself", "*ʾereṣ*": "construct state - land/country of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*tarbeh*": "multiply/increase/make abundant", "*taznûteyhā*": "her prostitutions/harlotries/fornications", "*lizkōr*": "to remember/recall/bring to mind", "*nᵊʿûreyhā*": "her youth/young womanhood", "*zāntāh*": "played the harlot/prostituted herself/committed fornication" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.20", "source": "וַֽתַּעְגְּבָ֔ה עַ֖ל פִּֽלַגְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּשַׂר־חֲמוֹרִים֙ בְּשָׂרָ֔ם וְזִרְמַ֥ת סוּסִ֖ים זִרְמָתָֽם׃", "text": "And she *taʿgᵊbāh* [lusted] *ʿal* *pilagšêhem* [after their paramours] *ʾăšer* *bᵊśar*-*ḥămôrîm* *bᵊśārām* [whose flesh is like donkeys' flesh] and *zirmat* *sûsîm* *zirmātām* [emission of horses is their emission].", "grammar": { "*taʿgᵊbāh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - she lusted/had inordinate affection", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/after/concerning", "*pilagšêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their concubines/paramours", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that/who", "*bᵊśar*": "construct state - flesh of", "*ḥămôrîm*": "masculine plural noun - donkeys", "*bᵊśārām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their flesh", "*zirmat*": "construct state - emission/discharge/flow of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*zirmātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their emission" }, "variants": { "*taʿgᵊbāh*": "lusted after/doted upon/had inordinate affection", "*pilagšêhem*": "their paramours/concubines/lovers", "*bᵊśar*": "flesh/body/male organ", "*zirmat*": "emission/discharge/ejaculation", "*zirmātām*": "their emission/discharge/ejaculation" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.21", "source": "וַֽתִּפְקְדִ֔י אֵ֖ת זִמַּ֣ת נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ בַּעְשׂ֤וֹת מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ דַּדַּ֔יִךְ לְמַ֖עַן שְׁדֵ֥י נְעוּרָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "And you *tipqᵊdî* [revisited] *ʾēt* *zimmat* *nᵊʿûrāyik* [lewdness of your youth] when *baʿśôt* *mimmiṣrayim* *daddayik* [the Egyptians handled your breasts] *lᵊmaʿan* *šᵊdê* *nᵊʿûrāyik* [because of the bosom of your youth].", "grammar": { "*tipqᵊdî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular with waw consecutive - you visited/attended to/looked after", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*zimmat*": "construct state - lewdness/wickedness/plan of", "*nᵊʿûrāyik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your youth", "*baʿśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition bet - in/when doing/handling", "*mimmiṣrayim*": "proper noun with preposition min - from/by Egypt", "*daddayik*": "masculine dual noun with 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your breasts", "*lᵊmaʿan*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of", "*šᵊdê*": "construct state - breasts/bosom of", "*nᵊʿûrāyik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your youth" }, "variants": { "*tipqᵊdî*": "visited/attended to/sought after/revisited", "*zimmat*": "lewdness/wickedness/depravity", "*nᵊʿûrāyik*": "your youth/young womanhood", "*baʿśôt*": "when handling/fondling/caressing", "*daddayik*": "your breasts/nipples", "*šᵊdê*": "breasts/bosom/chest" } }
• Ezek 27:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.27.3", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ לְצ֗וֹר הַיֹּשֶׁ֙בֶת֙ עַל־מְבוֹאֹ֣ת יָ֔ם רֹכֶ֙לֶת֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֶל־אִיִּ֖ים רַבִּ֑ים כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה צ֕וֹר אַ֣תְּ אָמַ֔רְתְּ אֲנִ֖י כְּלִ֥ילַת יֹֽפִי׃", "text": "And *ʾāmartā* to-*Ṣôr*, the *yōšebet* at-*məbôʾōt* *yām*, *rōkelet* the-*ʿammîm* to-*ʾiyyîm* many, thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*, *Ṣôr* you [feminine] *ʾāmart* I [am] *kəlîlat* *yōpî*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you said/will say", "*yōšebet*": "feminine singular participle - dwelling/situated", "*məbôʾōt*": "feminine plural construct - entrances/harbors of", "*yām*": "masculine singular - sea", "*rōkelet*": "feminine singular participle - merchant/trader", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural - islands/coastlands", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/says", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/my Lord", "*ʾāmart*": "perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you said", "*kəlîlat*": "construct state, feminine singular - perfection of", "*yōpî*": "masculine singular - beauty" }, "variants": { "*məbôʾōt yām*": "entrances of the sea/harbors/ports", "*rōkelet*": "merchant/trader/trafficker", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/ethnic groups", "*ʾiyyîm*": "islands/coastlands/maritime regions", "*kəlîlat yōpî*": "perfect in beauty/completely beautiful" } }
• Ezek 33:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.33.13", "source": "בְּאָמְרִ֤י לַצַּדִּיק֙ חָיֹ֣ה יִֽחְיֶ֔ה וְהֽוּא־בָטַ֥ח עַל־צִדְקָת֖וֹ וְעָ֣שָׂה עָ֑וֶל כָּל־*צדקתו **צִדְקֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א תִזָּכַ֔רְנָה וּבְעַוְל֥וֹ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֖ה בּ֥וֹ יָמֽוּת׃", "text": "*bə-ʾōmrî* *la-ṣṣaddîq* *ḥāyōh* *yiḥyeh* *wə-hûʾ*-*bāṭaḥ* *ʿal*-*ṣidqātô* *wə-ʿāśāh* *ʿāwel* *kol*-*ṣidqōtāyw* *lōʾ* *tizzākarnāh* *û-bə-ʿawlô* *ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh* *bô* *yāmût*", "grammar": { "*bə-ʾōmrî*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - when I say", "*la-ṣṣaddîq*": "preposition + definite article + adjective, masculine singular - to the righteous", "*ḥāyōh*": "qal infinitive absolute - living", "*yiḥyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - he will live", "*wə-hûʾ*-*bāṭaḥ*": "conjunction + personal pronoun + qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he trusts", "*ʿal*-*ṣidqātô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd singular masculine suffix - in his righteousness", "*wə-ʿāśāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - and does", "*ʿāwel*": "noun, masculine singular - injustice/wrong", "*kol*-*ṣidqōtāyw*": "noun, construct + noun, feminine plural with 3rd singular masculine suffix - all his righteous deeds", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tizzākarnāh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd plural feminine - they will be remembered", "*û-bə-ʿawlô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd singular masculine suffix - and for his iniquity", "*ʾăšer*-*ʿāśāh*": "relative pronoun + qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - which he has done", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd singular masculine suffix - by it/for it", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - he will die" }, "variants": { "*bə-ʾōmrî*": "when I say/when I speak/in my saying", "*ḥāyōh* *yiḥyeh*": "he will surely live/living he will live/he will certainly live", "*bāṭaḥ*": "trusts/relies/depends", "*ʿāwel*": "injustice/wrong/iniquity/unrighteousness", "*ṣidqōtāyw*": "his righteous deeds/his acts of righteousness", "*tizzākarnāh*": "they will be remembered/they will be recalled/they will count", "*ʿawlô*": "his iniquity/his wrongdoing/his injustice" } }
• Exod 32:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.6", "source": "וַיַּשְׁכִּ֙ימוּ֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיַּעֲל֣וּ עֹלֹ֔ת וַיַּגִּ֖שׁוּ שְׁלָמִ֑ים וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב הָעָם֙ לֽ͏ֶאֱכֹ֣ל וְשָׁת֔וֹ וַיָּקֻ֖מוּ לְצַחֵֽק׃", "text": "And *wayyaškîmū* *mimmŏḥorāt* and *wayyaʿălû* *ʿōlōt* and *wayyaggîšū* *šəlāmîm*, and *wayyēšeb* the *hāʿām* to *leʾĕkōl* and *šātô*, and *wayyāqumū* to *ləṣaḥēq*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaškîmū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they rose early", "*mimmŏḥorāt*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - on the next day", "*wayyaʿălû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they offered up", "*ʿōlōt*": "noun feminine plural - burnt offerings", "*wayyaggîšū*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they brought near", "*šəlāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - peace offerings", "*wayyēšeb*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he sat", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*leʾĕkōl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*šātô*": "Qal infinitive absolute - drink", "*wayyāqumū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they rose", "*ləṣaḥēq*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to play/make sport" }, "variants": { "*ləṣaḥēq*": "to play/to make sport/to amuse themselves/to mock/to engage in revelry (possibly with sexual connotation)" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.7", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה לֶךְ־רֵ֕ד כִּ֚י שִׁחֵ֣ת עַמְּךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱלֵ֖יתָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wayədabbēr* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*, Go *rēd* for *šiḥēt* your *ʿamməkā* whom *heʿĕlêtā* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*rēd*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - go down", "*šiḥēt*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - corrupted/ruined", "*ʿamməkā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*heʿĕlêtā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you brought up" }, "variants": { "*šiḥēt*": "corrupted/ruined/destroyed/acted corruptly" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.8", "source": "סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לוֹ֙ וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֽ͏ֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "They *sārû* *mahēr* from the *hadderek* which *ṣiwwîtim*, they *ʿāśû* for themselves *ʿēgel* *massēkāh* and *wayyištaḥăwû* to it and *wayyizbəḥû* to it, and *wayyōmərû*, These your *ʾĕlōheykā* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *heʿĕlūkā* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*sārû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they turned aside", "*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly", "*hadderek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the way", "*ṣiwwîtim*": "Piel perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I commanded them", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they made", "*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine singular - calf", "*massēkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they bowed down", "*wayyizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they sacrificed", "*wayyōmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they said", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gods/God", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*heʿĕlūkā*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - they brought you up" }, "variants": { "*sārû*": "turned aside/departed/deviated", "*massēkāh*": "molten image/cast idol/molten metal", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "your gods/your God/your divine beings" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה וְהִנֵּ֥ה עַם־קְשֵׁה־עֹ֖רֶף הֽוּא׃", "text": "And *wayyōmer* *YHWH* to *Mōšeh*, I *rāʾîtî* *ʾet* the *hāʿām* the *hazzeh*, and behold a *ʿam*-*qəšēh*-*ʿōref* he.", "grammar": { "*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I have seen", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*hazzeh*": "definite demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*qəšēh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - hard/stiff", "*ʿōref*": "noun, masculine singular - neck" }, "variants": { "*qəšēh*-*ʿōref*": "stiff-necked/stubborn/obstinate" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.10", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ הַנִּ֣יחָה לִּ֔י וְיִֽחַר־אַפִּ֥י בָהֶ֖ם וַאֲכַלֵּ֑ם וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂ֥ה אוֹתְךָ֖ לְג֥וֹי גָּדֽוֹל׃", "text": "And now *hannîḥāh* to me and *yiḥar*-*ʾappî* against them and *ʾăkallēm*, and *ʾeʿĕśeh* you to *gôy* *gādôl*.", "grammar": { "*hannîḥāh*": "Hiphil imperative masculine singular - leave/let alone", "*yiḥar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it burn", "*ʾappî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my anger/nostril", "*ʾăkallēm*": "Piel imperfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will consume them", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "Qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will make", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great" }, "variants": { "*hannîḥāh*": "leave alone/let be/allow", "*yiḥar*-*ʾappî*": "let my anger burn/let my wrath be kindled" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.11", "source": "וַיְחַ֣ל מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לָמָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ יֶחֱרֶ֤ה אַפְּךָ֙ בְּעַמֶּ֔ךָ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הוֹצֵ֙אתָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בְּכֹ֥חַ גָּד֖וֹל וּבְיָ֥ד חֲזָקָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayəḥal* *Mōšeh* *ʾet*-*pənê* *YHWH* his *ʾĕlōhāyw* and *wayyōmer*, Why *YHWH* *yeḥĕreh* your *ʾappəkā* against your *ʿammekā* whom *hôṣēʾtā* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* with *kōaḥ* *gādôl* and with *yād* *ḥăzāqāh*.", "grammar": { "*wayəḥal*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he entreated/mollified", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*pənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - face of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his God", "*wayyōmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*yeḥĕreh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it burns", "*ʾappəkā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your anger/nostril", "*ʿammekā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*hôṣēʾtā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you brought out", "*kōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - power/strength", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular - hand", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - strong" }, "variants": { "*wayəḥal*": "entreated/mollified/sought favor/implored", "*pənê*": "face of/presence of" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.12", "source": "לָמָּה֩ יֹאמְר֨וּ מִצְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר בְּרָעָ֤ה הֽוֹצִיאָם֙ לַהֲרֹ֤ג אֹתָם֙ בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וּ֨לְכַלֹּתָ֔ם מֵעַ֖ל פְּנֵ֣י הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה שׁ֚וּב מֵחֲר֣וֹן אַפֶּ֔ךָ וְהִנָּחֵ֥ם עַל־הָרָעָ֖ה לְעַמֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "Why *yōmərū* *Miṣrayim* *lēmōr*, With *bərāʿāh* *hôṣîʾām* to *lahărōg* them in the *behārîm* and to *ləkallōtām* from upon *pənê* the *hāʾădāmāh*? *šûb* from *ḥărôn* your *ʾappekā* and *hinnāḥēm* concerning the *hārāʿāh* to your *ʿammekā*.", "grammar": { "*yōmərū*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will say", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*lēmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bərāʿāh*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - with evil intent", "*hôṣîʾām*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he brought them out", "*lahărōg*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to kill", "*behārîm*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine plural - in the mountains", "*ləkallōtām*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to destroy them", "*pənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - face of", "*hāʾădāmāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the ground/earth", "*šûb*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - turn/return", "*ḥărôn*": "construct noun, masculine singular - burning of", "*ʾappekā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your anger/nostril", "*hinnāḥēm*": "Niphal imperative masculine singular - be comforted/repent/relent", "*hārāʿāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the evil/disaster", "*ʿammekā*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people" }, "variants": { "*bərāʿāh*": "with evil intent/with malice/with harm", "*hinnāḥēm*": "relent/repent/be sorry/change your mind", "*hārāʿāh*": "the evil/the disaster/the calamity/the harm" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.13", "source": "זְכֹ֡ר לְאַבְרָהָם֩ לְיִצְחָ֨ק וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל עֲבָדֶ֗יךָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֣עְתָּ לָהֶם֮ בָּךְ֒ וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַרְבֶּה֙ אֶֽת־זַרְעֲכֶ֔ם כְּכוֹכְבֵ֖י הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־הָאָ֨רֶץ הַזֹּ֜את אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָמַ֗רְתִּי אֶתֵּן֙ לְזַרְעֲכֶ֔ם וְנָחֲל֖וּ לְעֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*Zəkōr* to *ʾAbrāhām* to *Yiṣḥāq* and to *Yiśrāʾēl* your *ʿăbādeykā* whom *nišbaʿtā* to them by yourself, and *wattədabbēr* to them, I will *ʾarbeh* *ʾet* your *zarʿăkem* as the *kəkôkəbê* the *haššāmāyim*, and all the *hāʾāreṣ* the *hazzōʾt* which I *ʾāmartî*, I will *ʾettēn* to your *zərarʿăkem*, and *nāḥălû* forever.", "grammar": { "*Zəkōr*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - remember", "*ʾAbrāhām*": "proper noun - Abraham", "*Yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun - Isaac", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel (Jacob)", "*ʿăbādeykā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*nišbaʿtā*": "Niphal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you swore", "*wattədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and you spoke", "*ʾarbeh*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st common singular - I will multiply", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*zarʿăkem*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your seed/offspring", "*kəkôkəbê*": "preposition + construct noun, masculine plural - as stars of", "*haššāmāyim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the heavens", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the land", "*hazzōʾt*": "definite demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - this", "*ʾāmartî*": "Qal perfect 1st common singular - I said", "*ʾettēn*": "Qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will give", "*zərarʿăkem*": "preposition + noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to your seed/offspring", "*nāḥălû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will inherit" }, "variants": { "*zarʿăkem*": "your seed/your offspring/your descendants", "*nāḥălû*": "they will inherit/they will possess" } } 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.14", "source": "וַיִּנָּ֖חֶם יְהוָ֑ה עַל־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבֶּ֖ר לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת לְעַמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyinnāḥem* *YHWH* concerning the *hārāʿāh* which he *dibber* to *laʿăśôt* to his *ʿammô*.", "grammar": { "*wayyinnāḥem*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he relented/changed his mind", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*hārāʿāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the evil/disaster", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he spoke", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to do", "*ʿammô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his people" }, "variants": { "*wayyinnāḥem*": "he relented/he changed his mind/he was sorry/he repented", "*hārāʿāh*": "the evil/the disaster/the calamity/the harm" } } 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.15", "source": "וַיִּ֜פֶן וַיֵּ֤רֶד מֹשֶׁה֙ מִן־הָהָ֔ר וּשְׁנֵ֛י לֻחֹ֥ת הָעֵדֻ֖ת בְּיָד֑וֹ לֻחֹ֗ת כְּתֻבִים֙ מִשְּׁנֵ֣י עֶבְרֵיהֶ֔ם מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה הֵ֥ם כְּתֻבִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyifen* and *wayyered* *Mosheh* from-the-*har* and-two *luchot* the-*'edut* in-*yado* *luchot* *ketuvim* from-two *'evreihem* from-this and-from-this they *ketuvim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyifen*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - turned", "*wayyered*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - went down/descended", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - mountain/hill", "*luchot*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tablets/tablets of", "*'edut*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - testimony/witness", "*yado*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his hand", "*ketuvim*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - written", "*'evreihem*": "noun, masculine dual with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their sides", "*ketuvim*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - written" }, "variants": { "*wayyifen*": "turned/turned around/turned away", "*luchot*": "tablets/slabs/plates", "*'edut*": "testimony/witness/covenant stipulations", "*'evreihem*": "sides/passages/beyond" } } 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.16", "source": "וְהַ֨לֻּחֹ֔ת מַעֲשֵׂ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים הֵ֑מָּה וְהַמִּכְתָּ֗ב מִכְתַּ֤ב אֱלֹהִים֙ ה֔וּא חָר֖וּת עַל־הַלֻּחֹֽת׃", "text": "And-the-*luchot* *ma'aseh* *'Elohim* *hemah* and-the-*miktav* *miktav* *'Elohim* *hu* *charut* on-the-*luchot*.", "grammar": { "*luchot*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the tablets", "*ma'aseh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work/handiwork of", "*'Elohim*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*hemah*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*miktav*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the writing", "*miktav*": "noun, masculine singular construct - writing of", "*'Elohim*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*hu*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - it/he", "*charut*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - engraved", "*luchot*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the tablets" }, "variants": { "*ma'aseh*": "work/handiwork/product", "*'Elohim*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*miktav*": "writing/inscription", "*charut*": "engraved/carved/inscribed" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.17", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֧ע יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ אֶת־ק֥וֹל הָעָ֖ם בְּרֵעֹ֑ה וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה ק֥וֹל מִלְחָמָ֖ה בַּֽמַּחֲנֶה׃", "text": "And-*wayyishma* *Yehoshua* *'et*-*qol* the-*'am* in-*re'oh* and-*wayyomer* to-*Mosheh* *qol* *milchamah* in-the-*machaneh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyishma*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - heard", "*Yehoshua*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - voice/sound of", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*re'oh*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition - in shouting", "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*milchamah*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*machaneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition - in the camp" }, "variants": { "*qol*": "voice/sound/noise", "*re'oh*": "shouting/crying out/loud noise", "*milchamah*": "war/battle/fighting" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵ֥ין קוֹל֙ עֲנ֣וֹת גְּבוּרָ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין ק֖וֹל עֲנ֣וֹת חֲלוּשָׁ֑ה ק֣וֹל עַנּ֔וֹת אָנֹכִ֖י שֹׁמֵֽעַ׃", "text": "And-*wayyomer* not *qol* *'anot* *gevurah* and-not *qol* *'anot* *chalushah* *qol* *'annot* *'anochi* *shomea*.", "grammar": { "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*'anot*": "Qal infinitive construct - answering/responding", "*gevurah*": "noun, feminine singular - strength/victory", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*'anot*": "Qal infinitive construct - answering/responding", "*chalushah*": "noun, feminine singular - weakness/defeat", "*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*'annot*": "Piel infinitive construct - singing/shouting", "*'anochi*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*shomea*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - hearing/am hearing" }, "variants": { "*'anot*": "answering/responding/shouting", "*gevurah*": "strength/victory/might", "*chalushah*": "weakness/defeat/being overcome", "*'annot*": "singing/shouting/making noise" } } 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.19", "source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִ֗י כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר קָרַב֙ אֶל־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיַּ֥רְא אֶת־הָעֵ֖גֶל וּמְחֹלֹ֑ת וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֣ף מֹשֶׁ֗ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֤ךְ מִיָּדָיו֙ אֶת־הַלֻּחֹ֔ת וַיְּשַׁבֵּ֥ר אֹתָ֖ם תַּ֥חַת הָהָֽר׃", "text": "And-*wayehi* when *qarav* to-the-*machaneh* and-*wayyar* *'et*-the-*'egel* and-*mecholot* and-*wayyichar*-*'af* *Mosheh* and-*wayashlech* from-*yadayw* *'et*-the-*luchot* and-*yeshaber* them beneath the-*har*.", "grammar": { "*wayehi*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*qarav*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - drew near/approached", "*machaneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the camp", "*wayyar*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - saw", "*'egel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the calf", "*mecholot*": "noun, feminine plural - dancing", "*wayyichar*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - burned", "*'af*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anger/nose of", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*wayashlech*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - threw/cast", "*yadayw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his hands", "*luchot*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the tablets", "*yeshaber*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - broke/shattered", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain" }, "variants": { "*wayyichar-'af*": "burned with anger/became furious/was enraged", "*mecholot*": "dancing/dances/celebrations", "*wayashlech*": "threw/cast/hurled", "*yeshaber*": "broke/shattered/smashed" } } 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.20", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֞ח אֶת־הָעֵ֨גֶל אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֣ף בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּטְחַ֖ן עַ֣ד אֲשֶׁר־דָּ֑ק וַיִּ֙זֶר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַמַּ֔יִם וַיַּ֖שְׁקְ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*wayyiqqach* *'et*-the-*'egel* which *'asu* and-*wayyisrof* in-the-*'esh* and-*wayyitchan* until which-*daq* and-*wayyizer* on-*pene* the-*mayim* and-*wayyashq* *'et*-*bene* *Yisra'el*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqqach*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - took", "*'egel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the calf", "*'asu*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they made", "*wayyisrof*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - burned", "*'esh*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in fire", "*wayyitchan*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - ground", "*daq*": "adjective, masculine singular - fine/thin", "*wayyizer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - scattered", "*pene*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/surface of", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the water", "*wayyashq*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - made drink", "*bene*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yisra'el*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wayyisrof*": "burned/consumed with fire", "*wayyitchan*": "ground/pulverized/crushed", "*daq*": "fine/thin/powder", "*wayyizer*": "scattered/strewed/sprinkled", "*wayyashq*": "made drink/gave to drink/forced to drink" } } 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֔ן מֶֽה־עָשָׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־הֵבֵ֥אתָ עָלָ֖יו חֲטָאָ֥ה גְדֹלָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayyomer* *Mosheh* to-*'Aharon* what-*'asah* to-you the-*'am* the-*zeh* that-*heveta* upon-him *chata'ah* *gedolah*.", "grammar": { "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*'Aharon*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron", "*'asah*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - did/made", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*heveta*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you brought", "*chata'ah*": "noun, feminine singular - sin", "*gedolah*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/large" }, "variants": { "*'asah*": "did/made/performed", "*heveta*": "brought/caused/led", "*chata'ah*": "sin/offense/guilt" } } 22 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.22", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אַהֲרֹ֔ן אַל־יִ֥חַר אַ֖ף אֲדֹנִ֑י אַתָּה֙ יָדַ֣עְתָּ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י בְרָ֖ע הֽוּא׃", "text": "And-*wayyomer* *'Aharon* not-*yichar* *'af* *'adoni* *'attah* *yada'ta* *'et*-the-*'am* that in-*ra* *hu*.", "grammar": { "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*'Aharon*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron", "*yichar*": "Qal jussive 3rd masculine singular - let burn", "*'af*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anger of", "*'adoni*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*'attah*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*yada'ta*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you know", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*ra*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - evil/wickedness", "*hu*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he/it" }, "variants": { "*yichar-'af*": "let not anger burn/do not be angry/do not become enraged", "*ra*": "evil/wickedness/malice/bent on evil" } } 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.23", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ לִ֔י עֲשֵׂה־לָ֣נוּ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֵלְכ֖וּ לְפָנֵ֑ינוּ כִּי־זֶ֣ה ׀ מֹשֶׁ֣ה הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֽ͏ֶעֱלָ֙נוּ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לֹ֥א יָדַ֖עְנוּ מֶה־הָ֥יָה לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*wayyomru* to-me *'aseh*-for-us *'elohim* who *yelchu* before-us for-*zeh* *Mosheh* the-*'ish* who *he'elanu* from-*'eretz* *Mitzrayim* not *yada'nu* what-*hayah* to-him.", "grammar": { "*wayyomru*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd common plural - they said", "*'aseh*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - make", "*'elohim*": "noun, masculine plural - gods/God", "*yelchu*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will go/walk", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*'ish*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*he'elanu*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st common plural suffix - brought us up", "*'eretz*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Mitzrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yada'nu*": "Qal perfect 1st common plural - we know", "*hayah*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - happened/became" }, "variants": { "*'elohim*": "gods/God/divine beings", "*yelchu*": "will go/will walk/will lead", "*he'elanu*": "brought us up/led us up/caused us to ascend" } } 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.24", "source": "וָאֹמַ֤ר לָהֶם֙ לְמִ֣י זָהָ֔ב הִתְפָּרָ֖קוּ וַיִּתְּנוּ־לִ֑י וָאַשְׁלִכֵ֣הוּ בָאֵ֔שׁ וַיֵּצֵ֖א הָעֵ֥גֶל הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*wa'omar* to-them to-who *zahav* *hitparqu* and-*wayyitnu*-to-me and-*wa'ashlichehu* in-the-*'esh* and-*wayyetze* the-*'egel* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*wa'omar*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 1st common singular - I said", "*zahav*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*hitparqu*": "Hitpael imperative masculine plural - take off yourselves", "*wayyitnu*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd common plural - they gave", "*wa'ashlichehu*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I threw it", "*'esh*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in fire", "*wayyetze*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it came out", "*'egel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the calf", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*hitparqu*": "remove/take off/break off", "*wa'ashlichehu*": "I threw it/I cast it/I hurled it", "*wayyetze*": "came out/emerged/resulted" } } 25 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.25", "source": "וַיַּ֤רְא מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י פָרֻ֖עַ ה֑וּא כִּֽי־פְרָעֹ֣ה אַהֲרֹ֔ן לְשִׁמְצָ֖ה בְּקָמֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wayyar* *Mosheh* *'et*-the-*'am* that *paru'a* *hu* for-*fera'oh* *'Aharon* to-*shimtzah* among-*qameihem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyar*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - saw", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*paru'a*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - unrestrained/out of control", "*hu*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he/it", "*fera'oh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he let them get out of control", "*'Aharon*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron", "*shimtzah*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - to derision/scorn", "*qameihem*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their adversaries" }, "variants": { "*paru'a*": "unrestrained/out of control/naked/exposed", "*fera'oh*": "let loose/allowed to get out of control/exposed", "*shimtzah*": "derision/scorn/disgrace/mocking", "*qameihem*": "adversaries/enemies/those who rise against them" } } 26 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.26", "source": "וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד מֹשֶׁה֙ בְּשַׁ֣עַר הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י וַיֵּאָסְפ֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י לֵוִֽי׃", "text": "And-*wayya'amod* *Mosheh* in-*sha'ar* the-*machaneh* and-*wayyomer* who for-*YHWH* to-me and-*waye'asfu* to-him all-*bene* *Lewi*.", "grammar": { "*wayya'amod*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - stood", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*sha'ar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - gate of", "*machaneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the camp", "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*waye'asfu*": "waw-consecutive + Niphal imperfect 3rd common plural - gathered themselves", "*bene*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Lewi*": "proper noun - Levi" }, "variants": { "*wayya'amod*": "stood/positioned himself/took a stand", "*waye'asfu*": "gathered themselves/assembled/came together" } } 27 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.27", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לָהֶ֗ם כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׂ֥ימוּ אִישׁ־חַרְבּ֖וֹ עַל־יְרֵכ֑וֹ עִבְר֨וּ וָשׁ֜וּבוּ מִשַּׁ֤עַר לָשַׁ֙עַר֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה וְהִרְג֧וּ אִֽישׁ־אֶת־אָחִ֛יו וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶת־קְרֹבֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*wayyomer* to-them thus-*'amar* *YHWH* *'Elohei* *Yisra'el* *simu* each-*charbo* on-*yerecho* *'ivru* and-*shuvu* from-*sha'ar* to-*sha'ar* in-the-*machaneh* and-*hirgu* each-*'et*-his-brother and-each *'et*-his-neighbor and-each *'et*-his-relative.", "grammar": { "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*'amar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*'Elohei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yisra'el*": "proper noun - Israel", "*simu*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - put/place", "*charbo*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword", "*yerecho*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thigh/side", "*'ivru*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - pass through", "*shuvu*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - return/go back", "*sha'ar*": "noun, masculine singular - gate", "*machaneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the camp", "*hirgu*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - kill", "*'et*": "direct object marker" }, "variants": { "*simu*": "put/place/set", "*yerecho*": "thigh/side/hip", "*'ivru*": "pass through/cross over/go through", "*shuvu*": "return/go back and forth", "*hirgu*": "kill/slay" } } 28 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.28", "source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ בְנֵֽי־לֵוִ֖י כִּדְבַ֣ר מֹשֶׁ֑ה וַיִּפֹּ֤ל מִן־הָעָם֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כִּשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת אַלְפֵ֖י אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "And-*wayya'asu* *bene*-*Lewi* according to-*devar* *Mosheh* and-*wayyipol* from-the-*'am* in-the-*yom* the-*hu* about-three *'alfei* *'ish*.", "grammar": { "*wayya'asu*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd common plural - did/performed", "*bene*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Lewi*": "proper noun - Levi", "*devar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*wayyipol*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - fell", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*yom*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*hu*": "pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*'alfei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - thousands of", "*'ish*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men" }, "variants": { "*wayya'asu*": "did/performed/carried out", "*wayyipol*": "fell/were killed/died" } } 29 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.29", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה מִלְא֨וּ יֶדְכֶ֤ם הַיּוֹם֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ בִּבְנ֖וֹ וּבְאָחִ֑יו וְלָתֵ֧ת עֲלֵיכֶ֛ם הַיּ֖וֹם בְּרָכָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayyomer* *Mosheh* *mil'u* *yedchem* the-*yom* to-*YHWH* for each in-his-son and-in-his-brother and-to-give upon-you the-*yom* *berachah*.", "grammar": { "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*mil'u*": "Piel imperative masculine plural - fill", "*yedchem*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your hand", "*yom*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*berachah*": "noun, feminine singular - blessing" }, "variants": { "*mil'u yedchem*": "fill your hand/consecrate yourselves/ordain yourselves", "*berachah*": "blessing/gift/benefit" } } 30 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.30", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֹּ֤אמֶר מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶל־הָעָ֔ם אַתֶּ֥ם חֲטָאתֶ֖ם חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה וְעַתָּה֙ אֽ͏ֶעֱלֶ֣ה אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה אוּלַ֥י אֲכַפְּרָ֖ה בְּעַ֥ד חַטַּאתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*wayehi* from-*mochorat* and-*wayyomer* *Mosheh* to-the-*'am* you *chatatem* *chata'ah* *gedolah* and-now *'e'eleh* to-*YHWH* perhaps *'achapperah* for *chattatchem*.", "grammar": { "*wayehi*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it was/came to pass", "*mochorat*": "noun, feminine singular - the next day", "*wayyomer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - said", "*Mosheh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*'am*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*chatatem*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have sinned", "*chata'ah*": "noun, feminine singular - sin", "*gedolah*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/large", "*'e'eleh*": "Qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will go up", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*'achapperah*": "Piel imperfect 1st common singular cohortative - I may make atonement", "*chattatchem*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sin" }, "variants": { "*mochorat*": "next day/following day/tomorrow", "*chatatem*": "sinned/offended/missed the mark", "*'e'eleh*": "will go up/will ascend/will climb", "*'achapperah*": "may make atonement/may cover/may expiate" } } 31 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.31", "source": "וַיָּ֧שָׁב מֹשֶׁ֛ה אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה וַיֹּאמַ֑ר אָ֣נָּ֗א חָטָ֞א הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ חֲטָאָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֔ה וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם אֱלֹהֵ֥י זָהָֽב׃", "text": "*wə-yāšāḇ* *Mōšeh* *ʾel*-*YHWH* *wə-yōʾmar* *ʾānnāʾ* *ḥāṭāʾ* *hā-ʿām* *haz-zeh* *ḥăṭāʾāh* *gəḏōlāh* *wə-yaʿăśû* *lāhem* *ʾĕlōhê* *zāhāḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāḇ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and returned/went back", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine - Moses", "*ʾel*-*YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to/unto YHWH", "*wə-yōʾmar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*ʾānnāʾ*": "interjection - please/I beseech", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has sinned", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*haz-zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥăṭāʾāh*": "noun, feminine singular - sin", "*gəḏōlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - great", "*wə-yaʿăśû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they made", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*zāhāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - gold" }, "variants": { "*ʾānnāʾ*": "oh please/I pray/I beseech thee", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sinned/offended/missed the mark", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "gods/deity/divine beings", "*zāhāḇ*": "gold/golden material" } } 32 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.32", "source": "וְעַתָּ֖ה אִם־תִּשָּׂ֣א חַטָּאתָ֑ם וְאִם־אַ֕יִן מְחֵ֣נִי נָ֔א מִֽסִּפְרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֥ר כָּתָֽבְתָּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *ʾim*-*tiśśāʾ* *ḥaṭṭāʾṯām* *wə-ʾim*-*ʾayin* *məḥēnî* *nāʾ* *mis-sip̄rəḵā* *ʾăšer* *kāṯāḇtā*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*ʾim*-*tiśśāʾ*": "conditional particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - if you will forgive/bear", "*ḥaṭṭāʾṯām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sin", "*wə-ʾim*-*ʾayin*": "conjunction + conditional particle + adverb - but if not", "*məḥēnî*": "Qal imperative + 1st singular object suffix - blot me out", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*mis-sip̄rəḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - from your book", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*kāṯāḇtā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have written" }, "variants": { "*tiśśāʾ*": "forgive/bear/lift up/carry away", "*ʾayin*": "nothing/without/there is not", "*məḥēnî*": "wipe me out/erase me/destroy me", "*sipr*": "book/scroll/register/record" } } 33 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.33", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֑ה מִ֚י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטָא־לִ֔י אֶמְחֶ֖נּוּ מִסִּפְרִֽי׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *mî* *ʾăšer* *ḥāṭāʾ*-*lî* *ʾemḥennû* *mis-sip̄rî*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾel*-*Mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun - to/unto Moses", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that/which", "*ḥāṭāʾ*-*lî*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition with 1st singular suffix - has sinned against me", "*ʾemḥennû*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will blot him out", "*mis-sip̄rî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - from my book" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sinned/offended/missed the mark", "*ʾemḥennû*": "I will wipe him out/erase him/destroy him", "*sipr*": "book/scroll/register/record" } } 34 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.34", "source": "וְעַתָּ֞ה לֵ֣ךְ ׀ נְחֵ֣ה אֶת־הָעָ֗ם אֶ֤ל אֲשֶׁר־דִּבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ לָ֔ךְ הִנֵּ֥ה מַלְאָכִ֖י יֵלֵ֣ךְ לְפָנֶ֑יךָ וּבְי֣וֹם פָּקְדִ֔י וּפָקַדְתִּ֥י עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם חַטָּאתָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* *lēḵ* *nəḥēh* *ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿām* *ʾel* *ʾăšer*-*dibbartî* *lāḵ* *hinnēh* *malʾāḵî* *yēlēḵ* *lə-p̄ānêḵā* *û-ḇ-yôm* *pāqḏî* *û-p̄āqaḏtî* *ʿălêhem* *ḥaṭṭāʾṯām*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*lēḵ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - go", "*nəḥēh*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - lead", "*ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿām*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾel* *ʾăšer*-*dibbartî*": "preposition + relative pronoun + Piel perfect, 1st singular - to [the place] which I spoke", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*malʾāḵî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my messenger/angel", "*yēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go", "*lə-p̄ānêḵā*": "preposition + noun, plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - before you", "*û-ḇ-yôm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and in the day", "*pāqḏî*": "Qal infinitive construct + 1st singular suffix - of my visiting", "*û-p̄āqaḏtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st singular - I will visit", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*ḥaṭṭāʾṯām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sin" }, "variants": { "*nəḥēh*": "lead/guide/bring", "*dibbartî*": "I spoke/I promised/I commanded", "*malʾāḵî*": "my messenger/my angel/my representative", "*pāqḏî*": "my visiting/my punishing/my attending to", "*p̄āqaḏtî*": "I will visit/I will punish/I will attend to" } } 35 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.35", "source": "וַיִּגֹּ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הָעָ֑ם עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ אֶת־הָעֵ֔גֶל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה אַהֲרֹֽן׃", "text": "*wə-yiggōp̄* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿām* *ʿal* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśû* *ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿēgel* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśāh* *ʾAhărōn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiggōp̄*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and struck/plagued", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿām*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʿal* *ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - because/on account of", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made", "*ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿēgel*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the calf", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - had made", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron" }, "variants": { "*yiggōp̄*": "struck/plagued/inflicted", "*ʿāśû*": "made/fashioned/created", "*ʿēgel*": "calf/young bull/idol" } }
• Num 25:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.1", "source": "וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּשִּׁטִּ֑ים וַיָּ֣חֶל הָעָ֔ם לִזְנ֖וֹת אֶל־בְּנ֥וֹת מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "*wə-yēšeḇ* *yiśrāʾēl* *ba-šiṭṭîm* *wə-yāḥel* the *ʿām* *liznôṯ* to *bənôṯ* *môʾāḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēšeḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and dwelt/settled", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*ba-šiṭṭîm*": "preposition + proper noun - in Shittim", "*wə-yāḥel*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and began", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*liznôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to commit fornication/harlotry", "*bənôṯ*": "common noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab" }, "variants": { "*yēšeḇ*": "dwelt/settled/abode", "*šiṭṭîm*": "place name, possibly 'acacia trees'", "*yāḥel*": "began/started/profaned", "*liznôṯ*": "to commit sexual immorality/to commit idolatry (metaphorically)/to be unfaithful" } } 2 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.2", "source": "וַתִּקְרֶ֣אןָ לָעָ֔ם לְזִבְחֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אכַל הָעָ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֖וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "*wə-tiqreʾnā* to-the-*ʿām* to-*ziḇḥê* *ʾĕlōhêhen* *wə-yōʾḵal* the-*ʿām* *wə-yištaḥăwû* to-*ʾĕlōhêhen*", "grammar": { "*wə-tiqreʾnā*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - and they (feminine) called/invited", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition and definite article - to the people", "*ziḇḥê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with preposition - to sacrifices of", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "common noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine plural possessive suffix - their gods", "*wə-yōʾḵal*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and ate", "*wə-yištaḥăwû*": "conjunction + Hishtapel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they bowed down/worshipped", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "common noun, masculine plural with preposition and 3rd feminine plural possessive suffix - to their gods" }, "variants": { "*tiqreʾnā*": "called/invited/summoned", "*ziḇḥê*": "sacrifices/offerings", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "their gods/their deities", "*yōʾḵal*": "ate/consumed/partook", "*yištaḥăwû*": "bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshipped" } }
• Deut 32:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.15", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ן יְשֻׁרוּן֙ וַיִּבְעָ֔ט שָׁמַ֖נְתָּ עָבִ֣יתָ כָּשִׂ֑יתָ וַיִּטֹּשׁ֙ אֱל֣וֹהַ עָשָׂ֔הוּ וַיְנַבֵּ֖ל צ֥וּר יְשֻׁעָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wayyišman* *yəšurûn* *wayyiḇʿāṭ* *šāmantā* *ʿāḇîṯā* *kāśîṯā* *wayyiṭṭōš* *ʾĕlôah* *ʿāśāhû* *waynaḇēl* *ṣûr* *yəšuʿāṯô*", "grammar": { "*wayyišman*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he grew fat", "*yəšurûn*": "proper noun - Jeshurun (poetic name for Israel)", "*wayyiḇʿāṭ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he kicked", "*šāmantā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you grew fat", "*ʿāḇîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you grew thick", "*kāśîṯā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you became covered/gorged", "*wayyiṭṭōš*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he forsook", "*ʾĕlôah*": "masculine singular noun - God", "*ʿāśāhû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - who made him", "*waynaḇēl*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he treated with contempt", "*ṣûr*": "masculine singular construct noun - rock of", "*yəšuʿāṯô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his salvation" }, "variants": { "*wayyišman*": "and he grew fat/and he became sleek/and he became prosperous", "*yəšurûn*": "Jeshurun/Upright One (poetic name for Israel)", "*wayyiḇʿāṭ*": "and he kicked/and he rebelled/and he resisted", "*šāmantā*": "you grew fat/you became prosperous/you became sleek", "*ʿāḇîṯā*": "you grew thick/you became stout/you became heavy", "*kāśîṯā*": "you became covered/you became gorged/you were bloated", "*wayyiṭṭōš*": "and he forsook/and he abandoned/and he rejected", "*waynaḇēl*": "and he treated with contempt/and he spurned/and he dishonored", "*ṣûr yəšuʿāṯô*": "rock of his salvation/his saving rock" } }
• Judg 2:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Judges.2.12", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֞וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבוֹתָ֗ם הַמּוֹצִ֣יא אוֹתָם֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַיֵּלְכ֞וּ אַחֲרֵ֣י ׀ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֗ים מֵאֱלֹהֵ֤י הָֽעַמִּים֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ סְבִיב֣וֹתֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיַּכְעִ֖סוּ אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿazḇû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *ʾăḇôtām* the-*hammôṣîʾ* them from-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* and-*wayyēləḵû* after *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* from-*ʾĕlōhê* the-*ʿammîm* which *səḇîḇôtêhem* and-*wayyištaḥăwû* to-them and-*wayyaḵʿisû* *ʾet*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they forsook", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one bringing out", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*wayyēləḵû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "masculine plural adjective - other", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the peoples", "*səḇîḇôtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their surroundings", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "waw-consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they bowed down", "*wayyaḵʿisû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they provoked" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/abandoned/left", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/gods of", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "their fathers/ancestors", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "who brought out/who led out", "*wayyēləḵû*": "they went/walked/followed", "*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*səḇîḇôtêhem*": "their surroundings/around them", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "they bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshipped", "*wayyaḵʿisû*": "they provoked/angered/vexed" } }
• Judg 3:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Judges.3.6", "source": "וַיִּקְח֨וּ אֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֤ם לָהֶם֙ לְנָשִׁ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם נָתְנ֣וּ לִבְנֵיהֶ֑ם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "And-*wayyiqḥû* *ʾet*-*bĕnôtêhem* to-them for-*nāšîm* and-*ʾet*-*bĕnôtêhem* *nātĕnû* to-*bĕnêhem* and-*yaʿabdû* *ʾet*-*ʾĕlōhêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction + consecutive - and", "*yiqḥû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they took", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bĕnôtêhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their daughters", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/for them", "*lĕnāšîm*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - for wives", "*wĕ-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*bĕnôtêhem*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their daughters", "*nātĕnû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gave", "*libnêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to their sons", "*wa-yaʿabdû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they served", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods", "*p*": "paragraph marker" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqḥû*": "and they took/received/accepted", "*nāšîm*": "wives/women", "*nātĕnû*": "gave/placed/delivered", "*yaʿabdû*": "served/worshiped/worked for" } }
• Judg 10:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Judges.10.6", "source": "וַיֹּסִ֣פוּ ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת הָרַע֮ בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָה֒ וַיַּעַבְד֣וּ אֶת־הַבְּעָלִ֣ים וְאֶת־הָעַשְׁתָּר֡וֹת וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲרָם֩ וְאֶת־אֱלֹהֵ֨י צִיד֜וֹן וְאֵ֣ת ׀ אֱלֹהֵ֣י מוֹאָ֗ב וְאֵת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י בְנֵי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְאֵ֖ת אֱלֹהֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיַּעַזְב֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוּהוּ", "text": "*wə-yōsip̄û* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *la-ʿăśôṯ* *hā-raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH* *wə-yaʿaḇdû* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-bəʿālîm* and-*ʾeṯ*-*hā-ʿaštārôṯ* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ʾărām* and-*ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhê* *ṣîḏôn* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *môʾāḇ* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and-*ʾēṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *pəlištîm* *wə-yaʿazḇû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* and-not *ʿăḇāḏûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōsip̄û*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they continued/added", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*la-ʿăśôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*hā-raʿ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the evil", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they served", "*ha-bəʿālîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the Baals", "*hā-ʿaštārôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the Ashtaroth", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gods of", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*ṣîḏôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*wə-yaʿazḇû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they forsook", "*ʿăḇāḏûhû*": "qal perfect 3mp + 3ms suffix - they served him" }, "variants": { "*wə-yōsip̄û*": "they continued/they added/they did again", "*hā-raʿ*": "the evil/the wickedness", "*wə-yaʿaḇdû*": "they served/they worshipped", "*wə-yaʿazḇû*": "they forsook/they abandoned" } }
• 1 Kgs 11:5 : 5 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.5", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֣י עַשְׁתֹּ֔רֶת אֱלֹהֵ֖י צִדֹנִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֣י מִלְכֹּ֔ם שִׁקֻּ֖ץ עַמֹּנִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayyēlekh* *Shelomoh* after *ʿAshtōret* *ʾĕlōhēy* *Tsīdōnīm* and-after *Milkōm* *shiqqūts* *ʿAmmōnīm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlekh*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went/followed", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*ʿAshtōret*": "proper noun, feminine - Ashtoreth", "*ʾĕlōhēy*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - god(s) of", "*Tsīdōnīm*": "proper noun, masculine, plural - Sidonians", "*Milkōm*": "proper noun, masculine - Milcom/Molech", "*shiqqūts*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - detestable thing/abomination of", "*ʿAmmōnīm*": "proper noun, masculine, plural - Ammonites" }, "variants": { "*wayyēlekh* after": "went after/followed/worshipped", "*ʿAshtōret*": "Ashtoreth/Astarte (fertility goddess)", "*shiqqūts*": "detestable thing/abomination/idol" } }
• 1 Kgs 12:28 : 28 { "verseID": "1 Kings.12.28", "source": "וַיִּוָּעַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּ֕עַשׂ שְׁנֵ֖י עֶגְלֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֗ם רַב־לָכֶם֙ מֵעֲל֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הִנֵּ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ* the *melekh* *wə-yaʿaś* two *ʿeglê* of *zāhāb wə-yōʾmer* to them, *rab-lākhem* from *ʿălôt yərûšālaim hinnēh ʾĕlōhêkā yiśrāʾēl ʾăšer heʿĕlûkā mēʾereṣ miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he took counsel", "*melekh*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the king", "*wə-yaʿaś*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he made", "*ʿeglê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - calves of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*rab-lākhem*": "adjective + preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - too much for you", "*ʿălôt*": "infinitive construct - going up to", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gods/God", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*heʿĕlûkā*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - brought you up", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiwwāʿaṣ*": "took counsel/consulted/considered", "*ʿeglê*": "calves/young bulls", "*rab-lākhem*": "too much for you/enough for you/you have gone far enough", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "your gods [plural form]/your God [plural of majesty]", "*heʿĕlûkā*": "brought you up/caused you to ascend" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:7 : 7 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.7", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־חָטְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם הַמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֹתָם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִתַּ֕חַת יַ֖ד פַּרְעֹ֣ה מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּֽירְא֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֥ים אֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "*wə*-*yəhî* *kî*-*ḥāṭəʾū* *bənê*-*yisrāʾēl* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*, the-one-*maʿăleh* *ʾōtām* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* from-under *yad* *parʿōh* *melek*-*miṣrayim*, *wə*-*yîrəʾū* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yəhî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/that", "*ḥāṭəʾū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sinned", "*bənê*": "construct plural - sons of/children of", "*yisrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - against/to YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*ha-maʿăleh*": "definite hiphil participle, masculine singular - the one bringing up", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition with noun - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mi-taḥat*": "compound preposition - from under", "*yad*": "construct state, feminine singular - hand of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*melek-miṣrayim*": "construct state with proper noun - king of Egypt", "*wə-yîrəʾū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they feared", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other" }, "variants": { "*ḥāṭəʾū*": "sinned/offended/transgressed", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of", "*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/brought up/who brought up", "*mi-taḥat yad*": "from under the hand of/from the authority of", "*yîrəʾū*": "feared/revered/worshiped", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign gods" } }
• 2 Kgs 21:3 : 3 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.3", "source": "וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִבַּ֖ד חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּחֹ֜ת לַבַּ֗עַל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֲשֵׁרָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה אַחְאָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yāshāb* *wa-yiben* *'et*-the-*bāmôt* *'ăsher* *'ibbad* *Ḥizqîyāhû* *'ābîw* *wa-yāqem* *mizbĕḥōt* to-*ba'al* *wa-ya'as* *'ăshērāh* *ka'ăsher* *'āsāh* *'Aḥ'āb* *melek* *Yisrā'ēl* *wa-yishtaḥû* to-all-*ṣĕbā'* the-*shāmayim* *wa-ya'ăbōd* *'ōtām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he returned/again", "*wa-yiben*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the high places", "*'ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*'ibbad*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed", "*Ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*'ābîw*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wa-yāqem*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he erected", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*ba'al*": "proper noun with preposition - to/for Baal", "*wa-ya'as*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*'ăshērāh*": "proper noun/cultic object - Asherah pole", "*ka'ăsher*": "preposition + relative particle - as/like", "*'āsāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made/did", "*'Aḥ'āb*": "proper noun - Ahab", "*melek*": "construct state - king of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-yishtaḥû*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down", "*ṣĕbā'*": "construct state - host of", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heaven/sky", "*wa-ya'ăbōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*'ōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "he returned/he turned back/he did again", "*bāmôt*": "high places/altars on hills/sacred platforms", "*'ibbad*": "destroyed/obliterated/removed", "*'ăshērāh*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/goddess image", "*ṣĕbā'*": "host/army/multitude" } }
• Ps 106:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.35", "source": "וַיִּתְעָרְב֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽ֝יִּלְמְד֗וּ מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyit'ārəbū* among-*gōyim* *wayyilmədū* *ma'ăśêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyit'ārəbū*": "hithpael imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they mingled", "*gōyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*wayyilmədū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they learned", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their works" }, "variants": { "*wayyit'ārəbū*": "and they mingled/mixed/intermarried", "*gōyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*wayyilmədū*": "and they learned/were taught/studied", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "their works/deeds/practices" } }