Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.18.2", "source": "הַשֹּׁלֵחַ בַּיָּם צִירִים וּבִכְלֵי־גֹמֶא עַל־פְּנֵי־מַיִם לְכוּ ׀ מַלְאָכִים קַלִּים אֶל־גּוֹי מְמֻשָּׁךְ וּמוֹרָט אֶל־עַם נוֹרָא מִן־הוּא וָהָלְאָה גּוֹי קַו־קָו וּמְבוּסָה אֲשֶׁר־בָּזְאוּ נְהָרִים אַרְצוֹ", "text": "The *šōlēaḥ* in-the-*yām* *ṣîrîm* and-in-*kəlê*-*gōmeʾ* upon-*pənêy*-*mayim* *ləkû* *malʾākîm* *qallîm* to-*gôy* *məmuššāk* and-*môrāṭ* to-*ʿam* *nôrāʾ* from-it and-*hālʾāh* *gôy* *qaw*-*qāw* and-*məbûsāh* which-*bāzʾû* *nəhārîm* its-*ʾarṣô*", "grammar": { "*šōlēaḥ*": "verb, participle, masculine, singular - sending/who sends", "*yām*": "noun, masculine, singular - sea/river", "*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - ambassadors/messengers", "*kəlê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - vessels of", "*gōmeʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - papyrus/reed", "*pənêy*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - face/surface of", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - waters", "*ləkû*": "verb, imperative, masculine, plural - go/proceed", "*malʾākîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - messengers/angels", "*qallîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - swift/light", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine, singular - nation/people", "*məmuššāk*": "verb, pual participle, masculine, singular - drawn out/tall", "*môrāṭ*": "verb, pual participle, masculine, singular - polished/peeled", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine, singular - people/nation", "*nôrāʾ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine, singular - feared/terrible", "*hālʾāh*": "adverb - beyond/farther", "*qaw*-*qāw*": "noun duplication - line-line/measured-measured", "*məbûsāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - trampling/downtreading", "*bāzʾû*": "verb, perfect, 3rd plural - have divided/cut through", "*nəhārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - rivers", "*ʾarṣô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3ms suffix - his/its land" }, "variants": { "*šōlēaḥ*": "sending/dispatching", "*ṣîrîm*": "ambassadors/messengers/envoys", "*gōmeʾ*": "papyrus/reed/bulrush", "*qallîm*": "swift/light/quick", "*məmuššāk*": "tall/drawn out/stretched", "*môrāṭ*": "polished/smooth/having hair plucked out", "*nôrāʾ*": "feared/terrible/dreadful", "*qaw*-*qāw*": "line upon line/constantly measured/divided by line", "*məbûsāh*": "trampled down/downtrodden", "*bāzʾû*": "divided/cut through/plundered" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Du som sender budbringere i båter av papyrus over havet, skynd deg, raske budbringere, til et fjernt og fryktinngytende folk, et mektig folk, hvis land er blitt ødelagt av flodene.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Som sender budbringere over havet, i båter av siv på vannets overflate. Gå, raske budbringere, til et folk revet og plukket, til et fryktinngytende folk fra dets begynnelse og frem til nå; et folk avpreget og nedtrampet, hvis land elvene har herjet.

• Norsk King James

  Som sender budbringere over havet i sivbåter, og sier: Gå, dere raske budbringere, til et folk som er spredt og bare, til en nasjon som alltid har vært fryktinngytende; en nasjon som er målt opp og trampet ned, hvis land elvene har ødelagt!

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  det sender budbringere over havet i sivbåter. Gå, raske sendebud, til et folkeslag som er langt og glatt, fryktinngytende fra begynnelsen av sin historie; et folk som er mektig og undertrykt, hvis land flommene har oppslukt.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Som sender budbærere over havet i sivbåter på vannet. Gå, raske utsendinger, til det lange og glattstriglede folket, til et folk fryktet vidt omkring, et folk av styrke og erobring, som elvene har delte landet til.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Som sender budbringere over havet, i sivbåter som flyter på vannet, si, Gå, dere raske sendebud, til et folk spredt og ribbet, til et folk som har vært fryktinngytende fra begynnelsen av; et folk som er målt og tråkket ned, hvis land elvene har herjet!

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Som sender budbringere over havet, i sivbåter på vannet, og sier: Gå, dere raske budbringere, til et spredt og avskallet folk, til et folk som fra begynnelsen har vært fryktinngytende; en nasjon nøye utmålt og tråkket ned, hvis land elvene har ødelagt!

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Som sender budbringere over havet, i sivbåter som flyter på vannet, si, Gå, dere raske sendebud, til et folk spredt og ribbet, til et folk som har vært fryktinngytende fra begynnelsen av; et folk som er målt og tråkket ned, hvis land elvene har herjet!

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  De sender budbringere over havet i sivbåter på vannet. Gå, raskt, dere sendebud, til et folk som er høyt og glatt, til et fryktinngytende folk langt borte, et folk hvis land elvene har delt opp.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  A land that sends envoys over the sea in papyrus vessels, gliding on the waters. Go, swift messengers, to a people tall and smooth-skinned, a people feared far and wide, a mighty and conquering nation divided by rivers.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  De sender budbringere på sjøen, og i papyrusbåter på vannets overflate. Gå, raske sendebud, til et folk trukket og glatt, til et folkeslag fryktet langt og bredt, et sterkt og undertrykkende folk, hvis land elvene gjennomstrømmer.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  som sender Bud over Havet og over Vandet med Fartøi af Rør: Gaaer, I lette Bud! til et Folk, som er trukket og plukket, til et forfærdeligt Folk, fra det (blev et Folk), og hidindtil, et Folk, hvorudi (her og der) Maalesnorene (ere udstrakte), og som er nedtraadt, hvis Land Floderne have hentaget.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled!

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Som sender budbringere over havet, i sivbåter på vannet, og sier: Gå, dere raske sendebud, til et folk spredt og flådd, til et folk som har vært fryktinngytende fra begynnelsen av inntil nå; et folk som er målt og tråkket ned, hvis land elvene har ødelagt!

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  That sends ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus upon the waters, saying, Go, you swift messengers, to a nation scattered and polished, to a people feared from their beginning until now; a nation divided and trampled, whose land the rivers have ravaged!

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled!

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  som sender ambassadører over havet, i papyrusbåter på vannene, [sier]: Gå, dere raske sendebud, til et høyt og glattfolket folk, til et folk som har vært fryktinngytende fra starten av, en nasjon som måler og undertrykker, hvis land elvene deler!

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Som sender utsendinger over havet med farkoster av siv på vannets overflate, Dra, lette sendebud, til et folk langt borte og glattet, et folk som har vært fryktet fra begynnelsen og fremover, et folk som måler opp med line og tramper ned, hvis land flommene har herjet.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  som sender budbringere over havet, i fartøy av papyrus på vannet, som sier: Gå, dere raske sendebud, til et høyt og glattfolk, til et folk fryktet fra gamledager, en nasjon som måler opp og tråkker ned, hvis land elvene deler!

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Som sender sine representanter over sjøen, i skip av papyrus på vannet. Dra tilbake raskt, dere representanter, til et høyt og glatt folk, til et folk som vekker frykt gjennom hele sin historie; et sterkt folk, som knuser sine fiender, hvis land er gjennomskåret av elver.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  which sendeth hir message ouer the see in shippes of redes vpo ye water, and sayeth: go soone, and do yor message vnto a straunge and harde folke: to a fearful people, & to a people yt is further then this: to a desperate and pylled folke, whose londe is deuyded from vs with ryuers of water.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Sending ambassadours by the Sea, euen in vessels of reedes vpon the waters, saying, Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation that is scattered abroade, and spoyled, vnto a terrible people from their beginning euen hitherto: a nation by litle and litle, euen troden vnder foote, whose land the floods haue spoyled.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Sendyng messengers by the sea, euen in vessels of reedes ouer the water, Get you hence ye speedy messengers to a nation that is scattered abrode, and robbed of that they had, a fearefull people from their begynnyng hytherto, a nation troden downe by litle and litle, whose lande the fluddes haue spoyled.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  That sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of bulrushes upon the waters, [saying], Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation scattered and peeled, to a people terrible from their beginning hitherto; a nation meted out and trodden down, whose land the rivers have spoiled!

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  that sends ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus on the waters, [saying], Go, you swift messengers, to a nation tall and smooth, to a people awesome from their beginning onward, a nation that measures out and treads down, whose land the rivers divide!

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  That is sending by sea ambassadors, Even with implements of reed on the face of the waters, -- Go, ye light messengers, Unto a nation drawn out and peeled, Unto a people fearful from its beginning and onwards, A nation meeting out by line, and treading down, Whose land floods have spoiled.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  that sendeth ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus upon the waters, [saying], Go, ye swift messengers, to a nation tall and smooth, to a people terrible from their beginning onward, a nation that meteth out and treadeth down, whose land the rivers divide!

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Which sends its representatives by the sea, even in ships of papyrus on the waters. Go back quickly, O representatives, to a nation tall and smooth, to a people causing fear through all their history; a strong nation, crushing down its haters, whose land is cut through by rivers.

• World English Bible (2000)

  that sends ambassadors by the sea, even in vessels of papyrus on the waters, saying, "Go, you swift messengers, to a nation tall and smooth, to a people awesome from their beginning onward, a nation that measures out and treads down, whose land the rivers divide!"

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  that sends messengers by sea, who glide over the water’s surface in boats made of papyrus. Go, you swift messengers, to a nation of tall, smooth-skinned people, to a people that are feared far and wide, to a nation strong and victorious, whose land rivers divide.

Referenced Verses

• Gen 10:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Genesis.10.8", "source": "וְכ֖וּשׁ יָלַ֣ד אֶת־נִמְרֹ֑ד ה֣וּא הֵחֵ֔ל לֽ͏ִהְי֥וֹת גִּבֹּ֖ר בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And *Kûš yālad ʾet-Nimrōd hûʾ hēḥēl lihyôt gibbōr bāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wə-Kûš*": "conjunction wə- + proper noun - and Cush", "*yālad*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - begot/fathered", "*ʾet-Nimrōd*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Nimrod", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*hēḥēl*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - began", "*li-hyôt*": "preposition lə- + Qal infinitive construct - to be", "*gibbōr*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - mighty one/warrior", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition bə- + definite article ha- + feminine singular noun - in the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yālad*": "begot/fathered/gave birth to", "*hēḥēl*": "began/started", "*gibbōr*": "mighty one/warrior/tyrant/hero" } } 9 { "verseID": "Genesis.10.9", "source": "הֽוּא־הָיָ֥ה גִבֹּֽר־צַ֖יִד לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֙ יֵֽאָמַ֔ר כְּנִמְרֹ֛ד גִּבּ֥וֹר צַ֖יִד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*hûʾ-hāyâ gibbōr-ṣayid lipnê YHWH ʿal-kēn yēʾāmar kəNimrōd gibbôr ṣayid lipnê YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - was", "*gibbōr-ṣayid*": "masculine singular adjective/noun in construct with noun - mighty hunter", "*li-pnê*": "preposition lə- + masculine plural noun in construct state - before/in the face of", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition ʿal + adverb - therefore", "*yēʾāmar*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it is said", "*kə-Nimrōd*": "preposition kə- + proper noun - like Nimrod", "*gibbôr*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - mighty one", "*ṣayid*": "masculine singular noun - hunter/hunting", "*li-pnê*": "preposition lə- + masculine plural noun in construct state - before/in the face of", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - YHWH/LORD" }, "variants": { "*gibbōr-ṣayid*": "mighty hunter/powerful hunter", "*lipnê YHWH*": "before YHWH/in opposition to YHWH/in YHWH's presence", "*yēʾāmar*": "it is said/it will be said" } }
• 2 Chr 12:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.12.2", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י בַּשָּׁנָ֤ה הַֽחֲמִישִׁית֙ לַמֶּ֣לֶךְ רְחַבְעָ֔ם עָלָ֛ה שִׁישַׁ֥ק מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֖יִם עַל־יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם כִּ֥י מָעֲל֖וּ בַּיהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* in the year the fifth to the king *rəḥaḇə'ām*, *'ālāh* *šîšaq* king of-*miṣrayim* against-*yərûšālāim* *kî* *mā'ălû* against-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*ba-šānāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the year", "*ha-ḥămîšîṯ*": "definite article + ordinal number feminine singular - the fifth", "*la-meleḵ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to/for the king", "*rəḥaḇə'ām*": "proper noun - Rehoboam", "*'ālāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he went up/came up", "*šîšaq*": "proper noun - Shishak", "*meleḵ*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*'al*": "preposition - against", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*kî*": "conjunction - because", "*mā'ălû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they acted unfaithfully/committed treachery", "*ba-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - against the LORD" }, "variants": { "*'ālāh*": "went up/came up/attacked", "*mā'ălû*": "acted unfaithfully/transgressed/rebelled" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.12.3", "source": "בְּאֶ֤לֶף וּמָאתַ֙יִם֙ רֶ֔כֶב וּבְשִׁשִּׁ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֗ר לָעָ֞ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤אוּ עִמּוֹ֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם לוּבִ֥ים סֻכִּיִּ֖ים וְכוּשִֽׁים׃", "text": "With-*'elef* and-*mā'ṯayim* *reḵeḇ* and-with-sixty *'elef* *pārāšîm* and-*'ên* *mispār* to-the-people who-*bā'û* with-him from-*miṣrayim*: *lûḇîm*, *sukkiyyîm*, and-*kûšîm*", "grammar": { "*'elef*": "noun masculine singular - thousand", "*mā'ṯayim*": "cardinal number dual - two hundred", "*reḵeḇ*": "noun masculine singular - chariots/chariotry", "*šiššîm*": "cardinal number - sixty", "*'elef*": "noun masculine singular - thousand", "*pārāšîm*": "noun masculine plural - horsemen/cavalry", "*'ên*": "particle of negation - there was no", "*mispār*": "noun masculine singular - number/count", "*lā-'ām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to/for the people", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*bā'û*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they came", "*'immô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*mi-miṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*lûḇîm*": "proper noun plural - Libyans", "*sukkiyyîm*": "proper noun plural - Sukkites", "*kûšîm*": "proper noun plural - Cushites/Ethiopians" }, "variants": { "*reḵeḇ*": "chariots/chariotry", "*pārāšîm*": "horsemen/cavalry", "*'ên mispār*": "without number/innumerable", "*lûḇîm*": "Libyans/Lubim", "*sukkiyyîm*": "Sukkites/Troglodytes", "*kûšîm*": "Cushites/Ethiopians" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.12.4", "source": "וַיִּלְכֹּ֛ד אֶת־עָרֵ֥י הַמְּצֻר֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִֽיהוּדָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֖א עַד־יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ ס", "text": "*wa-yilkōḏ* *'eṯ*-cities of the *məṣûrôṯ* which to-*yəhûḏāh* *wa-yāḇō'* up-to-*yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yilkōḏ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he captured", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*'ārê*": "noun feminine plural construct - cities of", "*ha-məṣûrôṯ*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the fortifications/fortified places", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*li-yəhûḏāh*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for/belonging to Judah", "*wa-yāḇō'*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*'aḏ*": "preposition - up to/as far as", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*yilkōḏ*": "captured/seized/took", "*məṣûrôṯ*": "fortifications/fortified places/strongholds" } }
• 2 Chr 14:9 : 9 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.14.9", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א אָסָ֖א לְפָנָ֑יו וַיַּֽעַרְכוּ֙ מִלְחָמָ֔ה בְּגֵ֥יא צְפַ֖תָה לְמָרֵשָֽׁה", "text": "*wə-yēṣēʾ* *ʾāsāʾ* *lə-pānāyw* *wə-yaʿarəkû* *milḥāmāh* *bə-gêʾ* *ṣəpatāh* *lə-mārēšāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms - and went out", "*ʾāsāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Asa", "*lə-pānāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3ms suffix - before him", "*wə-yaʿarəkû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3mp - and they arranged/set in order", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - battle/war", "*bə-gêʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the valley of", "*ṣəpatāh*": "proper noun - Zephathah", "*lə-mārēšāh*": "preposition + proper noun - at/near Mareshah" }, "variants": { "*yaʿarəkû*": "arranged/set in order/drew up", "*gêʾ*": "valley/ravine", "*lə-pānāyw*": "before him/against him/to meet him" } }
• 2 Chr 16:8 : 8 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.16.8", "source": "הֲלֹ֧א הַכּוּשִׁ֣ים וְהַלּוּבִ֗ים הָי֨וּ לְחַ֧יִל ׀ לָרֹ֛ב לְרֶ֥כֶב וּלְפָרָשִׁ֖ים לְהַרְבֵּ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד וּבְהִשָּֽׁעֶנְךָ֥ עַל־יְהוָ֖ה נְתָנָ֥ם בְּיָדֶֽךָ׃", "text": "Were not *hakkûšîm* and *hallûbîm* *hāyû* to *ḥayil* to *rōb* for *rekeb* and for *p̄ārāšîm* to *harbēh* *mĕʾōd*? And in *bĕhiššāʿenkā* on *YHWH* *nĕtānām* in *yādekā*.", "grammar": { "*hakkûšîm*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - the Cushites", "*hallûbîm*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine plural - the Lubim", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they were", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - army", "*rōb*": "noun, masculine singular - abundance", "*rekeb*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot(s)", "*p̄ārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horsemen", "*harbēh*": "verb, hiphil infinitive absolute - many", "*mĕʾōd*": "adverb - very", "*bĕhiššāʿenkā*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your relying", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*nĕtānām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he gave them", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand" }, "variants": { "*hakkûšîm*": "the Cushites, the Ethiopians", "*hallûbîm*": "the Lubim, the Libyans", "*hāyû*": "they were, they existed", "*ḥayil*": "army, force, strength", "*rōb*": "abundance, multitude, greatness", "*rekeb*": "chariot(s), chariotry, war vehicles", "*p̄ārāšîm*": "horsemen, cavalry, mounted troops", "*harbēh*": "many, numerous, abundant", "*mĕʾōd*": "very, exceedingly, greatly", "*bĕhiššāʿenkā*": "in your relying, in your trusting, in your depending", "*nĕtānām*": "he gave them, he delivered them", "*yādekā*": "your hand, your power, your control" } }
• Isa 18:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.18.7", "source": "בָּעֵת הַהִיא יוּבַל־שַׁי לַיהוָה צְבָאוֹת עַם מְמֻשָּׁךְ וּמוֹרָט וּמֵעַם נוֹרָא מִן־הוּא וָהָלְאָה גּוֹי ׀ קַו־קָו וּמְבוּסָה אֲשֶׁר בָּזְאוּ נְהָרִים אַרְצוֹ אֶל־מְקוֹם שֵׁם־יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת הַר־צִיּוֹן", "text": "In-the-*ʿēt* the-*hahîʾ* *yûbal*-*šay* to-*YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʿam* *məmuššāk* and-*môrāṭ* and-from-*ʿam* *nôrāʾ* from-him and-*hālʾāh* *gôy* *qaw*-*qāw* and-*məbûsāh* which *bāzʾû* *nəhārîm* its-*ʾarṣô* to-*məqôm* *šēm*-*YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *har*-*ṣîyyôn*", "grammar": { "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine, singular - time/period", "*hahîʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine, singular - that", "*yûbal*": "verb, hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine, singular - will be brought", "*šay*": "noun, masculine, singular - gift/present/tribute", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine, singular - people/nation", "*məmuššāk*": "verb, pual participle, masculine, singular - drawn out/tall", "*môrāṭ*": "verb, pual participle, masculine, singular - polished/peeled", "*nôrāʾ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine, singular - feared/terrible", "*hālʾāh*": "adverb - beyond/farther", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine, singular - nation/people", "*qaw*-*qāw*": "noun duplication - line-line/measured-measured", "*məbûsāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - trampling/downtreading", "*bāzʾû*": "verb, perfect, 3rd plural - have divided/cut through", "*nəhārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - rivers", "*ʾarṣô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3ms suffix - his/its land", "*məqôm*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - place of", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - name of", "*har*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - mountain of", "*ṣîyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion" }, "variants": { "*šay*": "gift/present/tribute", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes", "*məmuššāk*": "tall/drawn out/stretched", "*môrāṭ*": "polished/smooth/having hair plucked out", "*nôrāʾ*": "feared/terrible/dreadful", "*qaw*-*qāw*": "line upon line/constantly measured/divided by line", "*məbûsāh*": "trampled down/downtrodden", "*bāzʾû*": "divided/cut through/plundered" } }
• Isa 19:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.19.5", "source": "וְנִשְּׁתוּ־מַ֖יִם מֵֽהַיָּ֑ם וְנָהָ֖ר יֶחֱרַ֥ב וְיָבֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "And-*niššĕṯû*-*mayim* from-the-*yām* and-*nāhār* *yeḥĕraḇ* and-*yāḇēš*", "grammar": { "*niššĕṯû*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they will be dried up/fail", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river", "*yeḥĕraḇ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be dried up/waste away", "*yāḇēš*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be dry/withered" }, "variants": { "*niššĕṯû*": "they will be dried up/fail/be consumed/vanish", "*mayim*": "waters/water", "*yām*": "sea/large body of water/west", "*nāhār*": "river/stream/canal", "*yeḥĕraḇ*": "will be dried up/waste away/be in ruins/be desolate", "*yāḇēš*": "will be dry/withered/dried out/parched" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.19.6", "source": "וְהֶאֶזְנִ֣יחוּ נְהָר֔וֹת דָּלֲל֥וּ וְחָרְב֖וּ יְאֹרֵ֣י מָצ֑וֹר קָנֶ֥ה וָס֖וּף קָמֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "And-*heʾeznîḥû* *nĕhārôṯ* *dālălû* and-*ḥārḇû* *yĕʾōrê* *māṣôr* *qāneh* and-*sûp̄* *qāmēlû*", "grammar": { "*heʾeznîḥû*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they will become foul/stink", "*nĕhārôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural - rivers", "*dālălû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they will be low/diminished", "*ḥārḇû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they will be dried up", "*yĕʾōrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - canals of", "*māṣôr*": "proper noun - Egypt/fortress", "*qāneh*": "noun, masculine singular - reed/stalk", "*sûp̄*": "noun, masculine singular - reeds/rushes", "*qāmēlû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they will wither/dry up" }, "variants": { "*heʾeznîḥû*": "they will become foul/stink/be putrid/emit stench", "*nĕhārôṯ*": "rivers/streams/canals", "*dālălû*": "they will be low/diminished/brought low/thin", "*ḥārḇû*": "they will be dried up/desolate/waste", "*yĕʾōrê*": "canals/channels/Nile streams", "*māṣôr*": "Egypt/fortress/siege/distress", "*qāneh*": "reed/stalk/measuring rod/branch", "*sûp̄*": "reeds/rushes/water plants", "*qāmēlû*": "they will wither/dry up/fade/shrivel" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.19.7", "source": "עָר֥וֹת עַל־יְא֖וֹר עַל־פִּ֣י יְא֑וֹר וְכֹל֙ מִזְרַ֣ע יְא֔וֹר יִיבַ֥שׁ נִדַּ֖ף וְאֵינֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*ʿārôṯ* upon-*yĕʾôr* upon-*pî* *yĕʾôr* and-all *mizraʿ* *yĕʾôr* *yîḇaš* *niddap̄* and-*ʾênenû*", "grammar": { "*ʿārôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - bare places/meadows", "*yĕʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - Nile/stream/canal", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*mizraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sowing place of", "*yîḇaš*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will dry up", "*niddap̄*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be blown away", "*ʾênenû*": "negative particle with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it is not" }, "variants": { "*ʿārôṯ*": "bare places/meadows/exposed areas/pastures", "*yĕʾôr*": "Nile/stream/canal/watercourse", "*pî*": "mouth/opening/edge", "*mizraʿ*": "sowing place/seed/vegetation/planted area", "*yîḇaš*": "will dry up/be withered/be parched", "*niddap̄*": "will be blown away/driven away/scattered", "*ʾênenû*": "it is not/it is no more/vanished" } }
• Isa 30:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.2", "source": "הַהֹלְכִים לָרֶדֶת מִצְרַיִם וּפִי לֹא שָׁאָלוּ לָעוֹז בְּמָעוֹז פַּרְעֹה וְלַחְסוֹת בְּצֵל מִצְרָיִם׃", "text": "The ones *hahōlekîm* to go down [to] *Miṣrayim* and my *pî* not they *šāʾālû* to be strong in the *māʿōz* of *Parʿōh* and to find refuge in the shadow of *Miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*hahōlekîm*": "qal participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones going/walking", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*pî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my mouth", "*šāʾālû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they asked/inquired", "*māʿōz*": "masculine singular construct - stronghold/refuge of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh" }, "variants": { "*hahōlekîm*": "the ones going/walking/proceeding", "*Miṣrayim*": "Egypt (dual form)", "*pî*": "my mouth/command/word", "*šāʾālû*": "they asked/inquired/consulted", "*māʿōz*": "stronghold/refuge/protection", "*Parʿōh*": "Pharaoh (title of Egyptian kings)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.3", "source": "וְהָיָה לָכֶם מָעוֹז פַּרְעֹה לְבֹשֶׁת וְהֶחָסוּת בְּצֵל־מִצְרַיִם לִכְלִמָּה׃", "text": "And it shall *hāyâ* for you [the] *māʿōz* of *Parʿōh* for *bōšet*, and the refuge in [the] shadow of *Miṣrayim* for *kelimmâ*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it was/became/will be", "*māʿōz*": "masculine singular construct - stronghold/refuge of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*bōšet*": "feminine singular noun - shame/disgrace", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*kelimmâ*": "feminine singular noun - disgrace/dishonor/humiliation" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "was/became/will be", "*māʿōz*": "stronghold/refuge/protection", "*Parʿōh*": "Pharaoh (title of Egyptian kings)", "*bōšet*": "shame/disgrace/disappointment", "*kelimmâ*": "disgrace/dishonor/humiliation/reproach" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.4", "source": "כִּי־הָיוּ בְצֹעַן שָׂרָיו וּמַלְאָכָיו חָנֵס יַגִּיעוּ׃", "text": "For they *hāyû* in *Ṣōʿan* his *śārâyw* and his *malʾākâyw* [to] *Ḥānēs* *yaggîʿû*.", "grammar": { "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they were/became", "*Ṣōʿan*": "proper noun - Zoan (city in Egypt)", "*śārâyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his officials/princes", "*malʾākâyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his messengers/envoys", "*Ḥānēs*": "proper noun - Hanes (city in Egypt)", "*yaggîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they will reach/arrive" }, "variants": { "*hāyû*": "they were/became/have been", "*Ṣōʿan*": "Zoan (ancient city in Egypt's Nile Delta)", "*śārâyw*": "his officials/princes/leaders", "*malʾākâyw*": "his messengers/envoys/ambassadors", "*Ḥānēs*": "Hanes (Egyptian city, likely Heracleopolis)", "*yaggîʿû*": "they will reach/arrive/come to" } }
• Ezek 30:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.30.9", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יֵצְא֨וּ מַלְאָכִ֤ים מִלְּפָנַי֙ בַּצִּ֔ים לְהַחֲרִ֖יד אֶת־כּ֣וּשׁ בֶּ֑טַח וְהָיְתָ֨ה חַלְחָלָ֤ה בָהֶם֙ בְּי֣וֹם מִצְרַ֔יִם כִּ֥י הִנֵּ֖ה בָּאָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*ba-yyôm* *ha-hû* *yēṣəʾû* *malʾāḵîm* *mi-lləpānay* *ba-ṣṣîm* *lə-haḥărîḏ* *ʾet*-*kûš* *beṭaḥ* *wə-hāytāh* *ḥalḥālāh* *ḇāhem* *bə-yôm* *miṣrayim* *kî* *hinnēh* *bāʾāh*", "grammar": { "*ba-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in that day", "*ha-hû*": "definite article + pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - that", "*yēṣəʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will go out", "*malʾāḵîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*mi-lləpānay*": "preposition + preposition with 1st singular suffix - from before me", "*ba-ṣṣîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in ships", "*lə-haḥărîḏ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to terrify", "*ʾet*-*kûš*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Cush/Ethiopia", "*beṭaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - security/confidence", "*wə-hāytāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and there will be", "*ḥalḥālāh*": "noun, feminine singular - anguish/terror", "*ḇāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*bə-yôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the day of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*bāʾāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - it is coming" }, "variants": { "*malʾāḵîm*": "messengers/angels/emissaries", "*ba-ṣṣîm*": "in ships/vessels", "*beṭaḥ*": "security/confidence/carelessness", "*ḥalḥālāh*": "anguish/terror/writhing" } }
• Exod 2:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.2.3", "source": "וְלֹא־יָכְלָ֣ה עוֹד֮ הַצְּפִינוֹ֒ וַתִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ תֵּ֣בַת גֹּ֔מֶא וַתַּחְמְרָ֥ה בַחֵמָ֖ר וּבַזָּ֑פֶת וַתָּ֤שֶׂם בָּהּ֙ אֶת־הַיֶּ֔לֶד וַתָּ֥שֶׂם בַּסּ֖וּף עַל־שְׂפַ֥ת הַיְאֹֽר׃", "text": "*wə-lōʾ-yāḵəlâ ʿôd haṣṣəp̄înô wa-tiqqaḥ-lô tēbat gōmeʾ wa-taḥmərāh baḥēmār ûbazzāp̄et wa-tāśem bāh ʾet-hayyeled wa-tāśem bassûp̄ ʿal-śəp̄at hayəʾōr*", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ-yāḵəlâ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - and not able/could", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/longer/anymore", "*haṣṣəp̄înô*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to hide him", "*wa-tiqqaḥ-lô*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and took for him", "*tēbat*": "construct state, feminine singular - ark/chest of", "*gōmeʾ*": "masculine singular noun - papyrus/bulrushes", "*wa-taḥmərāh*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and daubed/smeared it", "*baḥēmār*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the bitumen", "*ûbazzāp̄et*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - and with the pitch", "*wa-tāśem*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and placed", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*ʾet-hayyeled*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the child", "*wa-tāśem*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and placed", "*bassûp̄*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the reeds", "*ʿal-śəp̄at*": "preposition + construct state feminine singular - on the bank/edge of", "*hayəʾōr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the river/Nile" }, "variants": { "*yāḵəlâ*": "was able/could/had strength to", "*tēbat gōmeʾ*": "basket of papyrus/ark of bulrushes", "*ḥēmār*": "bitumen/asphalt/tar", "*zāp̄et*": "pitch/tar", "*sûp̄*": "reeds/rushes", "*yəʾōr*": "river/Nile/watercourse" } }