Verse 3

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.65.3", "source": "הָעָ֗ם הַמַּכְעִיסִ֥ים אוֹתִ֛י עַל־פָּנַ֖י תָּמִ֑יד זֹֽבְחִים֙ בַּגַּנּ֔וֹת וּֽמְקַטְּרִ֖ים עַל־הַלְּבֵנִֽים׃", "text": "the-*ʿam* the-*makhʿisim* *ʾoti* to-*panay* *tamid* *zovehim* in-the-*gannot* and-*meqatterim* on-the-*levenim*", "grammar": { "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*makhʿisim*": "Hiphil participle, masculine plural - provoking to anger", "*ʾoti*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*panay*": "plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my face", "*tamid*": "adverb - continually/always", "*zovehim*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - sacrificing", "*gannot*": "feminine plural noun - gardens", "*meqatterim*": "Piel participle, masculine plural - burning incense", "*levenim*": "feminine plural noun - bricks/tiles" }, "variants": { "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk", "*makhʿisim*": "provoking to anger/vexing/irritating", "*panay*": "my face/my presence", "*tamid*": "continually/always/regularly", "*zovehim*": "sacrificing/slaughtering/offering", "*gannot*": "gardens/enclosed areas", "*meqatterim*": "burning incense/making smoke offerings/fumigating", "*levenim*": "bricks/tiles/paving stones" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Isa 1:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.29", "source": "כִּ֣י יֵבֹ֔שׁוּ מֵאֵילִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר חֲמַדְתֶּ֑ם וְתַ֨חְפְּר֔וּ מֵהַגַּנּ֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּחַרְתֶּֽם׃", "text": "*kî* *yēbōšû* *mēʾêlîm* *ʾăšer* *ḥămadtem* *wᵉtaḥpᵉrû* *mēhaggannôt* *ʾăšer* *bᵉḥartem*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yēbōšû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be ashamed", "*mēʾêlîm*": "preposition min + noun, masculine plural - because of the terebinths/oaks", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ḥămadtem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you desired", "*wᵉtaḥpᵉrû*": "conjunction wə- + verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - and you will be embarrassed", "*mēhaggannôt*": "preposition min + definite article + noun, feminine plural - because of the gardens", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*bᵉḥartem*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have chosen" }, "variants": { "*yēbōšû*": "will be ashamed/disgraced/disappointed", "*mēʾêlîm*": "because of the terebinths/oaks/sacred trees", "*ḥămadtem*": "desired/delighted in/coveted", "*wᵉtaḥpᵉrû*": "will be embarrassed/disgraced/ashamed", "*mēhaggannôt*": "because of the gardens/sacred groves", "*bᵉḥartem*": "have chosen/selected/desired" } }
  • Isa 66:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.66.17", "source": "הַמִּתְקַדְּשִׁ֨ים וְהַמִּֽטַּהֲרִ֜ים אֶל־הַגַּנּ֗וֹת אַחַ֤ר *אחד **אַחַת֙ בַּתָּ֔וֶךְ אֹֽכְלֵי֙ בְּשַׂ֣ר הַחֲזִ֔יר וְהַשֶּׁ֖קֶץ וְהָעַכְבָּ֑ר יַחְדָּ֥ו יָסֻ֖פוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Those *hammitqaddĕšîm* and those *hammitṭahărîm* to-the-*gannôt* after *ʾaḥaṯ* in-the-*tāwek*, *ʾōḵĕlê* *bĕśar* the-*ḥăzîr* and-the-*šeqeṣ* and-the-*ʿaḵbār*; together *yāsup̄û*, *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*ha-mitqaddĕšîm*": "article + hithpael participle, masculine plural - those sanctifying themselves", "*wĕ-ha-mitṭahărîm*": "conjunction + article + hithpael participle, masculine plural - and those purifying themselves", "*ʾel-ha-gannôt*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine plural - to the gardens", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after/behind", "*ʾaḥaṯ*": "number, feminine singular - one (feminine)", "*ba-tāwek*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - in the middle", "*ʾōḵĕlê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - eaters of", "*bĕśar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*ha-ḥăzîr*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the pig", "*wĕ-ha-šeqeṣ*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine singular - and the abomination", "*wĕ-hā-ʿaḵbār*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine singular - and the mouse", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*yāsup̄û*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will come to an end", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*hammitqaddĕšîm*": "those sanctifying themselves/consecrating themselves/setting themselves apart", "*hammitṭahărîm*": "those purifying themselves/cleansing themselves", "*gannôt*": "gardens/orchards (often associated with pagan worship)", "*ʾaḥaṯ*": "one (feminine)/single one/certain one", "*tāwek*": "middle/midst/center", "*ʾōḵĕlê*": "eaters of/consumers of/those who eat", "*bĕśar*": "flesh/meat", "*ḥăzîr*": "pig/swine (ritually unclean animal)", "*šeqeṣ*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*ʿaḵbār*": "mouse/rodent (ritually unclean animal)", "*yāsup̄û*": "they will come to an end/be consumed/perish", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } }
  • Job 1:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Job.1.11", "source": "וְאוּלָם֙ שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֣א יָֽדְךָ֔ וְגַ֖ע בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ אִם־לֹ֥א עַל־פָּנֶ֖יךָ יְבָרֲכֶֽךָּ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾûlām* send-*nāʾ* *yādəkā* *wə-gaʿ* in-all-which-to-him if-not on-*pānêkā* *yəbārăkekkā*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾûlām*": "conjunction + adverb - but/however", "*šəlaḥ-nāʾ*": "qal imperative masculine singular + particle of entreaty - please send", "*yādəkā*": "feminine singular noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*wə-gaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and touch", "*pānêkā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your face", "*yəbārăkekkā*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will bless/curse you" }, "variants": { "*ʾûlām*": "but/however/nevertheless", "*šəlaḥ-nāʾ yādəkā*": "stretch out your hand/extend your power", "*gaʿ*": "touch/strike/afflict", "*ʿal-pānêkā*": "to your face/openly/in front of you", "*yəbārăkekkā*": "will curse you (euphemism)/will bless you (ironically)" } }
  • Job 2:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Job.2.5", "source": "אוּלָם֙ שְֽׁלַֽח־נָ֣א יָֽדְךָ֔ וְגַ֥ע אֶל־עַצְמ֖וֹ וְאֶל־בְּשָׂר֑וֹ אִם־לֹ֥א אֶל־פָּנֶ֖יךָ יְבָרֲכֶֽךָּ׃", "text": "*ʾûlām šəlaḥ*-*nāʾ yāḏəḵā wə-ḡaʿ ʾel*-*ʿaṣmô wə-ʾel*-*bəśārô ʾim*-*lōʾ ʾel*-*pāneḵā yəḇārăḵekkā*.", "grammar": { "*ʾûlām*": "conjunction - but/however", "*šəlaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - send/stretch out", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*yāḏəḵā*": "noun feminine singular construct + 2ms suffix - your hand", "*wə-ḡaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and touch", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/against", "*ʿaṣmô*": "noun feminine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his bone", "*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction + preposition - and to/against", "*bəśārô*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his flesh", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*pāneḵā*": "noun masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your face", "*yəḇārăḵekkā*": "piel imperfect 3ms + 2ms suffix - he will bless/curse you" }, "variants": { "*ʾûlām*": "but/however/nevertheless", "*šəlaḥ-nāʾ*": "stretch out please/put forth now", "*ʿaṣmô*": "his bone/his body/his substance", "*bəśārô*": "his flesh/his body", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "if not/surely", "*ʾel-pāneḵā*": "to your face/in your presence", "*yəḇārăḵekkā*": "he will curse you/he will bless you (euphemism for curse)" } }
  • Isa 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.8", "source": "כִּ֤י כָשְׁלָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וִיהוּדָ֖ה נָפָ֑ל כִּֽי־לְשׁוֹנָ֤ם וּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶם֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה לַמְר֖וֹת עֵנֵ֥י כְבוֹדֽוֹ", "text": "For *kāšəlāh* *Yərûšālaim* and-*Yəhûdāh* *nāpāl*; for-*ləšônām* and-*maʿalləlêhem* against-*YHWH*, to-*mamrôt* *ʿênê* *kəbôdô*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kāšəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has stumbled/staggered", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun, feminine - Jerusalem", "*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*nāpāl*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has fallen", "*ləšônām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*maʿalləlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their deeds/practices", "*ʾel*": "preposition - against/toward", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ləmamrôt*": "preposition with Hiphil infinitive construct - to rebel against/to defy", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*kəbôdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his glory" }, "variants": { "*kāšəlāh*": "has stumbled/staggered/tottered", "*nāpāl*": "has fallen/collapsed/been brought down", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*maʿalləlîm*": "deeds/practices/doings", "*mamrôt*": "to rebel against/to defy/to provoke", "*ʿênayim*": "eyes/sight/presence", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/splendor" } }
  • Jer 3:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.6", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֵלַ֗י בִּימֵי֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֣הוּ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הֲ‍ֽרָאִ֔יתָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הֹלְכָ֨ה הִ֜יא עַל־כָּל־הַ֣ר גָּבֹ֗הַּ וְאֶל־תַּ֛חַת כָּל־עֵ֥ץ רַעֲנָ֖ן וַתִּזְנִי־שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-me in-days *yōʾšiyyāhû* the-*meleḵ*: \"*hᵃrāʾîtā* which *ʿāśᵉtâ* *mᵉšuḇâ* *yiśrāʾēl*? *hōlᵉḵâ* she upon-every-*har* *gāḇōha* and-to-under every-*ʿēṣ* *raʿănān* *wattizᵉnî*-there.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - 'and he said'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "proper name - 'Josiah'", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the king'", "*hᵃrāʾîtā*": "interrogative particle + Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'have you seen?'", "*ʿāśᵉtâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she did/has done'", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'apostate/backsliding'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*hōlᵉḵâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'going/walking'", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular - 'mountain/hill'", "*gāḇōha*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'high/lofty'", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'tree'", "*raʿănān*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'leafy/luxuriant/green'", "*wattizᵉnî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and you played the harlot'" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke", "*yōʾšiyyāhû*": "Josiah", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler", "*hᵃrāʾîtā*": "have you seen/observed/noticed", "*ʿāśᵉtâ*": "she did/has done/committed", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "apostate/backsliding/faithless", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*hōlᵉḵâ*": "going/walking/proceeding", "*har*": "mountain/hill", "*gāḇōha*": "high/lofty/tall", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood", "*raʿănān*": "leafy/luxuriant/green/verdant", "*wattizᵉnî*": "and you played the harlot/prostituted yourself" } }
  • Jer 32:30-35 : 30 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.30", "source": "כִּֽי־הָי֨וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אַ֣ךְ עֹשִׂ֥ים הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינַ֖י מִנְּעֻרֹֽתֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אַ֣ךְ מַכְעִסִ֥ים אֹתִ֛י בְּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יְדֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "For *hāyû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* and *bənê yəhûdāh* *ʾak* *ʿōśîm* *hāraʿ* in *ʿênay* from *nəʿurōtêhem*; for *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* *ʾak* *makʿisîm* *ʾōtî* with *maʿăśēh* *yədêhem*, *nəʾum-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - 'they have been'", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct state - 'sons of Israel'", "*bənê yəhûdāh*": "construct state - 'sons of Judah'", "*ʾak*": "adverb - 'only/surely'", "*ʿōśîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - 'doing/continually doing'", "*hāraʿ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - 'the evil'", "*ʿênay*": "feminine dual noun + 1st person singular suffix - 'my eyes'", "*nəʿurōtêhem*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their youth'", "*makʿisîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine plural - 'provoking/causing anger'", "*ʾōtî*": "direct object marker + 1st person singular suffix - 'me'", "*maʿăśēh*": "masculine singular construct - 'work of'", "*yədêhem*": "feminine dual noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their hands'", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct state - 'declaration of YHWH'" }, "variants": { "*ʾak*": "only/surely/nevertheless", "*hāraʿ*": "the evil/wickedness/wrong", "*makʿisîm*": "provoking to anger/vexing/offending", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/word of the LORD/oracle of YHWH" } } 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.31", "source": "כִּ֧י עַל־אַפִּ֣י וְעַל־חֲמָתִ֗י הָ֤יְתָה לִּי֙ הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֔את לְמִן־הַיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּנ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔הּ וְעַ֖ד הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה לַהֲסִירָ֖הּ מֵעַ֥ל פָּנָֽי׃", "text": "For upon *ʾappî* and upon *ḥămātî* *hāyətāh* to me *hāʿîr* this from *hayyôm* which *bānû* *ʾôtāh* and until *hayyôm* this, *lahăsîrāh* from upon *pānāy*", "grammar": { "*ʾappî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - 'my anger/nose'", "*ḥămātî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - 'my wrath/fury'", "*hāyətāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - 'she has been'", "*hāʿîr*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - 'the city'", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - 'the day'", "*bānû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - 'they built'", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'it (fem)'", "*lahăsîrāh*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - 'to remove it'", "*pānāy*": "masculine plural noun + 1st person singular suffix - 'my face'" }, "variants": { "*ʾappî*": "my anger/my nose (idiom for anger)/my face", "*ḥămātî*": "my wrath/my fury/my burning anger", "*lahăsîrāh*": "to remove it/to take it away/to cast it away" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.32", "source": "עַל֩ כָּל־רָעַ֨ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל וּבְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָשׂוּ֙ לְהַכְעִסֵ֔נִי הֵ֤מָּה מַלְכֵיהֶם֙ שָֽׂרֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּהֲנֵיהֶ֖ם וּנְבִֽיאֵיהֶ֑ם וְאִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָ֔ה וְיֹשְׁבֵ֖י יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "Because of all *rāʿat* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* and *bənê yəhûdāh* which *ʿāśû* *ləhakʿisēnî*, they, *malkêhem*, *śārêhem*, *kōhănêhem*, and *nəbîʾêhem*, and *ʾîš* *yəhûdāh*, and *yōšəbê* *yərûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*rāʿat*": "feminine singular construct - 'evil of'", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct state - 'sons of Israel'", "*bənê yəhûdāh*": "construct state - 'sons of Judah'", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - 'they did/made'", "*ləhakʿisēnî*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - 'to provoke me'", "*malkêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their kings'", "*śārêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their princes/officials'", "*kōhănêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their priests'", "*nəbîʾêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their prophets'", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - 'man/men of'", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - 'Judah'", "*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - 'inhabitants of'", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - 'Jerusalem'" }, "variants": { "*rāʿat*": "evil/wickedness/wrongdoing", "*ləhakʿisēnî*": "to provoke me to anger/to offend me/to vex me", "*śārêhem*": "their princes/their officials/their leaders", "*ʾîš*": "man of/men of/people of" } } 33 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.33", "source": "וַיִּפְנ֥וּ אֵלַ֛י עֹ֖רֶף וְלֹ֣א פָנִ֑ים וְלַמֵּ֤ד אֹתָם֙ הַשְׁכֵּ֣ם וְלַמֵּ֔ד וְאֵינָ֥ם שֹׁמְעִ֖ים לָקַ֥חַת מוּסָֽר׃", "text": "And *wayyipnû* to me *ʿōrep* and not *pānîm*; and *lammēd* *ʾōtām* *haškēm* and *lammēd*, and they are not *šōməʿîm* *lāqaḥat* *mûsār*", "grammar": { "*wayyipnû*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - 'and they turned'", "*ʿōrep*": "masculine singular noun - 'back of neck/back'", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'face'", "*lammēd*": "Piel infinitive absolute - 'teaching'", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'them'", "*haškēm*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - 'rising early'", "*šōməʿîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - 'hearing/listening'", "*lāqaḥat*": "Qal infinitive construct - 'to take/receive'", "*mûsār*": "masculine singular noun - 'instruction/discipline'" }, "variants": { "*wayyipnû*": "they turned/they faced", "*ʿōrep*": "neck/back (idiom for turning away)", "*haškēm*": "rising early (idiom for diligence/persistence)", "*mûsār*": "instruction/discipline/correction" } } 34 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.34", "source": "וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שִׁקּֽוּצֵיהֶ֗ם בַּבַּ֛יִת אֲשֶׁר־נִקְרָֽא־שְׁמִ֥י עָלָ֖יו לְטַמְּאֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyāśîmû* *šiqqûṣêhem* in *habbayit* which *niqrāʾ-šəmî* upon it *ləṭamməʾô*", "grammar": { "*wayyāśîmû*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - 'and they placed'", "*šiqqûṣêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their detestable things'", "*habbayit*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - 'the house'", "*niqrāʾ-šəmî*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular + noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'my name is called'", "*ləṭamməʾô*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'to defile it'" }, "variants": { "*šiqqûṣêhem*": "their detestable things/their abominations/their idols", "*habbayit*": "the house/the temple", "*niqrāʾ-šəmî*": "my name is called/is named after me", "*ləṭamməʾô*": "to defile it/to make it unclean/to pollute it" } } 35 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.32.35", "source": "וַיִּבְנוּ֩ אֶת־בָּמ֨וֹת הַבַּ֜עַל אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּגֵ֣יא בֶן־הִנֹּ֗ם לְ֠הַעֲבִיר אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֣ם וְאֶת־בְּנוֹתֵיהֶם֮ לַמֹּלֶךְ֒ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־צִוִּיתִ֗ים וְלֹ֤א עָֽלְתָה֙ עַל־לִבִּ֔י לַעֲשׂ֖וֹת הַתּוֹעֵבָ֣ה הַזֹּ֑את לְמַ֖עַן *החטי* *haḥăṭîʾ* אֶת־יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyibnû* *ʾet-bāmôt* *habbaʿal* which in *gêʾ ben-hinnōm* *ləhaʿăbîr* *ʾet-bənêhem* and *ʾet-bənôtêhem* to *hammōlek*, which not *ṣiwwîtîm* and not *ʿālətāh* upon *libbî* *laʿăśôt* *hattôʿēbāh* this, for *ləmaʿan* *haḥăṭîʾ* *ʾet-yəhûdāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyibnû*": "Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - 'and they built'", "*ʾet-bāmôt*": "direct object marker + feminine plural construct - 'the high places of'", "*habbaʿal*": "definite article + proper noun - 'the Baal'", "*gêʾ ben-hinnōm*": "construct chain - 'valley of the son of Hinnom'", "*ləhaʿăbîr*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to cause to pass over'", "*ʾet-bənêhem*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their sons'", "*ʾet-bənôtêhem*": "direct object marker + feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their daughters'", "*hammōlek*": "definite article + proper noun - 'the Molech'", "*ṣiwwîtîm*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'I commanded them'", "*ʿālətāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - 'it came up'", "*libbî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - 'my heart'", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to do'", "*hattôʿēbāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - 'the abomination'", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + substantive - 'for the purpose of'", "*haḥăṭîʾ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to cause to sin'", "*ʾet-yəhûdāh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - 'Judah'" }, "variants": { "*bāmôt*": "high places/cultic platforms/shrines", "*ləhaʿăbîr*": "to cause to pass through/to offer/to sacrifice", "*hammōlek*": "Molech (deity)/the king (as deity)", "*ʿālətāh* upon *libbî*": "came up on my heart (idiom for 'I never considered/intended')", "*hattôʿēbāh*": "abomination/detestable act/abhorrent practice", "*haḥăṭîʾ*": "to cause to sin/to lead astray/to make guilty" } }
  • Ezek 8:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.8.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַי֮ הֲרָאִ֣יתָ בֶן־אָדָם֒ הֲנָקֵל֙ לְבֵ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה מֵעֲשׂ֕וֹת אֶת־הַתּוֹעֵב֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָֽשׂוּ־פֹ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלְא֨וּ אֶת־הָאָ֜רֶץ חָמָ֗ס וַיָּשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ לְהַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי וְהִנָּ֛ם שֹׁלְחִ֥ים אֶת־הַזְּמוֹרָ֖ה אֶל־אַפָּֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to-me *hărāʾîtā* *ben-ʾādām* *hănāqēl* to-*bêt* *yĕhûdāh* from-*ʿăśôt* *ʾet*-the-*tôʿēbôt* which *ʿāśû*-here for-*kî*-they-*mālʾû* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥāmās* and-*wayyāšubû* to-*haḵĕʿîsēnî* and-*hinnām* *šōlĕḥîm* *ʾet*-the-*zĕmôrāh* to-*ʾappām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*hărāʾîtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - have you seen", "*ben-ʾādām*": "construct form - son of man", "*hănāqēl*": "Qal infinitive absolute with interrogative he - is it light/trivial", "*bêt*": "construct form - house of", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*tôʿēbôt*": "feminine plural noun - abominations", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they did/made", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mālʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they filled", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land/earth", "*ḥāmās*": "masculine singular noun - violence", "*wayyāšubû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they returned", "*haḵĕʿîsēnî*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 1st person common singular suffix - to provoke me", "*hinnām*": "demonstrative particle with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - behold they", "*šōlĕḥîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - sending", "*zĕmôrāh*": "feminine singular noun - branch/twig", "*ʾappām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their nose" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded", "*hărāʾîtā*": "have you seen/observed/noticed", "*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/human/Adam (as title for prophet)", "*hănāqēl*": "is it light/trivial/insignificant", "*bêt*": "house/household/family", "*yĕhûdāh*": "Judah (tribe/kingdom)", "*ʿăśôt*": "to do/make/perform", "*tôʿēbôt*": "abominations/detestable things/offensive practices", "*ʿāśû*": "they did/made/performed", "*kî*": "for/because/that", "*mālʾû*": "they filled/completed/satisfied", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice", "*wayyāšubû*": "and they returned/turned back/repeated", "*haḵĕʿîsēnî*": "to provoke/irritate/anger me", "*hinnām*": "behold they/look they are", "*šōlĕḥîm*": "sending/stretching out/extending", "*zĕmôrāh*": "branch/twig/shoot (possible ritual object)", "*ʾappām*": "their nose/nostril/face" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.8.18", "source": "וְגַם־אֲנִי֙ אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה בְחֵמָ֔ה לֹֽא־תָח֥וֹס עֵינִ֖י וְלֹ֣א אֶחְמֹ֑ל וְקָרְא֤וּ בְאָזְנַי֙ ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וְלֹ֥א אֶשְׁמַ֖ע אוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And-also-I *ʾeʿĕśeh* in-*ḥēmāh* not-*tāḥôs* *ʿênî* and-not *ʾeḥmōl* and-*qārʾû* in-*ʾoznay* *qôl* *gādôl* and-not *ʾešmaʿ* them.", "grammar": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "Qal imperfect 1st person common singular - I will do/act", "*ḥēmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wrath/fury", "*tāḥôs*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will spare/pity", "*ʿênî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person common singular suffix - my eye", "*ʾeḥmōl*": "Qal imperfect 1st person common singular - I will have compassion", "*qārʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they will call/cry out", "*ʾoznay*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person common singular suffix - my ears", "*qôl*": "masculine singular noun - voice/sound", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/loud", "*ʾešmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person common singular - I will hear" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I will do/act/make", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage", "*tāḥôs*": "it will spare/pity/show mercy", "*ʿênî*": "my eye/sight/look", "*ʾeḥmōl*": "I will have compassion/pity/mercy", "*qārʾû*": "they will call/cry out/proclaim", "*ʾoznay*": "my ears/hearing", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*gādôl*": "great/loud/mighty", "*ʾešmaʿ*": "I will hear/listen/obey" } }
  • Ezek 20:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.28", "source": "וָאֲבִיאֵם֙ אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נָשָׂ֙אתִי֙ אֶת־יָדִ֔י לָתֵ֥ת אוֹתָ֖הּ לָהֶ֑ם וַיִּרְאוּ֩ כָל־גִּבְעָ֨ה רָמָ֜ה וְכָל־עֵ֣ץ עָבֹ֗ת וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־שָׁ֤ם אֶת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֙ וַיִּתְּנוּ־שָׁם֙ כַּ֣עַס קָרְבָּנָ֔ם וַיָּשִׂ֣ימוּ שָׁ֗ם רֵ֚יחַ נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּסִּ֥יכוּ שָׁ֖ם אֶת־נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם", "text": "And *ʾăbîʾēm* to the *ʾāreṣ* which *nāśāʾtî* my *yādî* to give it to them, and they *yirʾû* every *gibʿāh rāmāh* and every *ʿēṣ ʿābōt* and they *yizbəḥû* there their *zibḥêhem* and they *yittənû* there the *kaʿas* of their *qorbānām* and they *yāśîmû* there the *rêaḥ* of their *nîḥôḥêhem* and they *yassîkû* there their *niskêhem*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾăbîʾēm*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I brought them", "*ʾel-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*nāśāʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I lifted/raised", "*ʾet-yādî*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*lātēt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to give", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object marker with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - it", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-yirʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they saw", "*kol-gibʿāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - every hill", "*rāmāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - high", "*wə-kol-ʿēṣ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - and every tree", "*ʿābōt*": "adjective, masculine singular - leafy, thick", "*wa-yizbəḥû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they sacrificed", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-zibḥêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sacrifices", "*wa-yittənû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they gave", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*kaʿas*": "noun, masculine singular construct - provocation of", "*qorbānām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their offering", "*wa-yāśîmû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they placed", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*rêaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fragrance of", "*nîḥôḥêhem*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their soothing aroma", "*wa-yassîkû*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they poured out", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾet-niskêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their drink offerings" }, "variants": { "*ʾăbîʾēm*": "I brought them, I led them", "*nāśāʾtî yādî*": "lifted my hand (idiom for swearing an oath)", "*gibʿāh rāmāh*": "high hill (often a place of pagan worship)", "*ʿēṣ ʿābōt*": "leafy/thick tree (often associated with pagan worship)", "*yizbəḥû*": "sacrificed, slaughtered ritually", "*zibḥêhem*": "their sacrifices, their offerings", "*kaʿas qorbānām*": "provocation of their offering (offerings that provoke anger)", "*rêaḥ nîḥôḥêhem*": "fragrance of their soothing aroma (ritual term for acceptable sacrifice)", "*yassîkû*": "poured out, offered libations", "*niskêhem*": "their drink offerings, their libations" } }
  • Matt 23:32-36 : 32 { "verseID": "Matthew.23.32", "source": "Καὶ ὑμεῖς πληρώσατε τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν.", "text": "And you *plērōsate* the *metron* of-the *paterōn* of-you.", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*hymeis*": "nominative, plural - you (emphatic, subject)", "*plērōsate*": "aorist, active, imperative, 2nd person plural - fill up!", "*metron*": "accusative, neuter, singular - measure", "*paterōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of fathers/ancestors", "*hymōn*": "genitive, plural - of you" }, "variants": { "*plērōsate*": "fill up/complete/fulfill! (can be understood as imperative or predictive)", "*metron*": "measure/limit/standard", "*paterōn*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } } 33 { "verseID": "Matthew.23.33", "source": "Ὄφεις, γεννήματα ἐχιδνῶν, πῶς φύγητε ἀπὸ τῆς κρίσεως τῆς γεέννης;", "text": "*Opheis*, *gennēmata* *echidnōn*, how *phygēte* from the *kriseōs* of-the *geennēs*?", "grammar": { "*Opheis*": "vocative, masculine, plural - serpents (direct address)", "*gennēmata*": "vocative, neuter, plural - offspring/brood (direct address)", "*echidnōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of vipers", "*pōs*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*phygēte*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you might escape/flee", "*apo*": "preposition with genitive - from", "*kriseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of judgment", "*geennēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Gehenna/hell" }, "variants": { "*Opheis*": "serpents/snakes", "*gennēmata*": "offspring/brood/children", "*echidnōn*": "of vipers/poisonous snakes", "*phygēte*": "escape/flee/avoid", "*kriseōs*": "judgment/condemnation/sentence", "*geennēs*": "Gehenna/hell/place of punishment" } } 34 { "verseID": "Matthew.23.34", "source": "¶Διὰ τοῦτο, ἰδού, ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω πρὸς ὑμᾶς προφήτας, καὶ σοφοὺς, καὶ γραμματεῖς: καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἀποκτενεῖτε καὶ σταυρώσετε· καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν μαστιγώσετε ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς ὑμῶν, καὶ διώξετε ἀπὸ πόλεως εἰς πόλιν:", "text": "Because-of this, *idou*, I *apostellō* *pros* you *prophētas*, and *sophous*, and *grammateis*: and from them *apokteneite* and *staurōsete*; and from them *mastigōsete* in the *synagōgais* of-you, and *diōxete* from *poleōs* to *polin*:", "grammar": { "*Dia touto*": "prepositional phrase - because of this/therefore", "*idou*": "interjection - behold/look", "*egō*": "nominative, singular - I (emphatic, subject)", "*apostellō*": "present, active, indicative, 1st person singular - I send", "*pros*": "preposition with accusative - to/toward", "*hymas*": "accusative, plural - you (direct object)", "*prophētas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - prophets", "*sophous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - wise ones", "*grammateis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - scribes", "*ex autōn*": "partitive genitive - some of them", "*apokteneite*": "future, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you will kill", "*staurōsete*": "future, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you will crucify", "*mastigōsete*": "future, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you will flog/whip", "*synagōgais*": "dative, feminine, plural - in synagogues", "*hymōn*": "genitive, plural - of you", "*diōxete*": "future, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you will persecute", "*apo*": "preposition with genitive - from", "*poleōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - city", "*eis*": "preposition with accusative - to/into", "*polin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - city" }, "variants": { "*idou*": "behold/look/see", "*apostellō*": "send/send out/commission", "*prophētas*": "prophets/those who speak for God", "*sophous*": "wise ones/sages/scholars", "*grammateis*": "scribes/scholars/teachers of law", "*apokteneite*": "will kill/put to death", "*staurōsete*": "will crucify/execute on cross", "*mastigōsete*": "will flog/whip/scourge", "*synagōgais*": "synagogues/assemblies/meeting places", "*diōxete*": "will persecute/pursue/chase", "*poleōs*": "city/town", "*polin*": "city/town" } } 35 { "verseID": "Matthew.23.35", "source": "Ὅπως ἔλθῃ ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς πᾶν αἷμα δίκαιον ἐκχυνόμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος Ἄβελ τοῦ δικαίου ἕως τοῦ αἵματος Ζαχαρίου υἱοῦ Βαραχίου, ὃν ἐφονεύσατε μεταξὺ τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου.", "text": "*Hopōs elthē* upon you all *haima* *dikaion* *ekchynomenon* upon the *gēs*, from the *haimatos* *Abel* the *dikaiou* until the *haimatos* *Zachariou* *huiou* *Barachiou*, whom *ephoneusate* between the *naou* and the *thysiastēriou*.", "grammar": { "*Hopōs*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*elthē*": "aorist, active, subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might come", "*eph' hymas*": "preposition with accusative - upon you", "*pan*": "nominative, neuter, singular - all", "*haima*": "nominative, neuter, singular - blood", "*dikaion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - righteous/innocent", "*ekchynomenon*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, neuter, singular - being shed/poured out", "*epi*": "preposition with genitive - upon/on", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*apo*": "preposition with genitive - from", "*haimatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - blood", "*Abel*": "genitive - Abel (proper name)", "*dikaiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - righteous", "*heōs*": "preposition - until/as far as", "*haimatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - blood", "*Zachariou*": "genitive - Zechariah (proper name)", "*huiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - son", "*Barachiou*": "genitive - Barachiah (proper name)", "*hon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, relative pronoun - whom", "*ephoneusate*": "aorist, active, indicative, 2nd person plural - you murdered", "*metaxy*": "preposition with genitive - between", "*naou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - temple/sanctuary", "*thysiastēriou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - altar" }, "variants": { "*elthē*": "might come/fall upon/be charged to", "*haima*": "blood/bloodshed/blood-guilt", "*dikaion*": "righteous/innocent/just", "*ekchynomenon*": "being shed/poured out/spilled", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*haimatos*": "blood/bloodshed", "*dikaiou*": "righteous/innocent/just", "*huiou*": "son/descendant", "*ephoneusate*": "murdered/killed/slaughtered", "*naou*": "temple/sanctuary/shrine", "*thysiastēriou*": "altar/place of sacrifice" } } 36 { "verseID": "Matthew.23.36", "source": "Ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, Ἥξει ταῦτα πάντα ἐπὶ τὴν γενεὰν ταύτην.", "text": "*Amēn* *legō* to-you, *Hēxei* these all upon the *genean* this.", "grammar": { "*Amēn*": "Hebrew term - truly/verily/amen", "*legō*": "present, active, indicative, 1st person singular - I say/tell", "*hymin*": "dative, plural - to you (indirect object)", "*Hēxei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - will come", "*tauta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - these things", "*panta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - all", "*epi*": "preposition with accusative - upon/on", "*genean*": "accusative, feminine, singular - generation", "*tautēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - this" }, "variants": { "*Amēn*": "truly/verily/certainly", "*legō*": "say/tell/speak", "*Hēxei*": "will come/will arrive/will be upon", "*genean*": "generation/contemporaries/age" } }
  • Ps 78:40 : 40 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.40", "source": "כַּ֭מָּה יַמְר֣וּהוּ בַמִּדְבָּ֑ר יַ֝עֲצִיב֗וּהוּ בִּֽישִׁימֽוֹן׃", "text": "how-many *yamrûhû* in-the-*midbār* *yaʿăṣîbûhû* in-*yəšîmōn*", "grammar": { "*yamrûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they rebelled against him/provoked him", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with article - the wilderness/desert", "*yaʿăṣîbûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - they grieved him/pained him", "*yəšîmōn*": "masculine singular noun - desert/wasteland" }, "variants": { "*yamrûhû*": "rebelled against him/provoked him/disobeyed him", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*yaʿăṣîbûhû*": "grieved him/pained him/hurt him", "*yəšîmōn*": "desert/wasteland/wilderness" } }
  • Ps 78:58 : 58 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.58", "source": "וַיַּכְעִיס֥וּהוּ בְּבָמוֹתָ֑ם וּ֝בִפְסִילֵיהֶ֗ם יַקְנִיאֽוּהוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû* in *bāmôṯām* *û-ḇipsîlêhem* *yaqnîʾûhû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they provoked him to anger", "*bāmôṯām*": "in their high places - preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*û-ḇipsîlêhem*": "and with their carved images - conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaḵʿîsûhû*": "provoked him to anger/vexed him/made him indignant", "*bāmôṯām*": "high places/cult platforms/sacred heights", "*pəsîlêhem*": "carved images/idols/graven images", "*yaqnîʾûhû*": "made him jealous/moved him to jealousy/provoked his zeal" } }
  • Exod 20:24-25 : 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.24", "source": "מִזְבַּ֣ח אֲדָמָה֮ תַּעֲשֶׂה־לִּי֒ וְזָבַחְתָּ֣ עָלָ֗יו אֶת־עֹלֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלָמֶ֔יךָ אֶת־צֹֽאנְךָ֖ וְאֶת־בְּקָרֶ֑ךָ בְּכָל־הַמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַזְכִּ֣יר אֶת־שְׁמִ֔י אָב֥וֹא אֵלֶ֖יךָ וּבֵרַכְתִּֽיךָ׃", "text": "*mizbēaḥ ʾădāmāh taʿăśeh*-to me *wə-zābaḥtā* upon it *ʾet-ʿōlōteyḵā wə-ʾet-šəlāmeyḵā ʾet-ṣōʾnəḵā wə-ʾet-bəqāreḵā* in all the *māqôm ʾăšer ʾazkîr ʾet-šəmî ʾābôʾ* unto you *û-bēraktîḵā*", "grammar": { "*mizbēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - altar of", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/soil/ground", "*taʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall make", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to/for me", "*wə-zābaḥtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you shall sacrifice", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*ʾet-ʿōlōteyḵā*": "direct object marker + noun plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your burnt offerings", "*wə-ʾet-šəlāmeyḵā*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your peace offerings", "*ʾet-ṣōʾnəḵā*": "direct object marker + noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sheep", "*wə-ʾet-bəqāreḵā*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your cattle", "*bə-ḵol-ha-māqôm*": "preposition + noun + definite article + noun - in every the place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - where/which", "*ʾazkîr*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I cause to be remembered/mention", "*ʾet-šəmî*": "direct object marker + noun construct + 1st singular suffix - my name", "*ʾābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect 1st singular - I will come", "*ʾēleḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*û-bēraktîḵā*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 1st singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will bless you" }, "variants": { "*mizbēaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*ʾădāmāh*": "earth/soil/ground/land", "*taʿăśeh*": "make/construct/fashion", "*zābaḥtā*": "sacrifice/slaughter/offer", "*ʿōlōt*": "burnt offerings/ascending offerings", "*šəlāmim*": "peace offerings/fellowship offerings", "*māqôm*": "place/location/site", "*ʾazkîr*": "cause to remember/mention/memorialize", "*ʾābôʾ*": "come/arrive/enter", "*bēraktî*": "bless/endue with power" } } 25 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.25", "source": "וְאִם־מִזְבַּ֤ח אֲבָנִים֙ תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לִּ֔י לֹֽא־תִבְנֶ֥ה אֶתְהֶ֖ן גָּזִ֑ית כִּ֧י חַרְבְּךָ֛ הֵנַ֥פְתָּ עָלֶ֖יהָ וַתְּחַֽלְלֶֽהָ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾim-mizbēaḥ ʾăbānîm taʿăśeh*-to me *lōʾ-tibneh ʾethen gāzît kî ḥarbəḵā hēnap̄tā* upon her *wa-təḥaləlehā*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*mizbēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - altar of", "*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones", "*taʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall make", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to/for me", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tibneh*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall build", "*ʾethen*": "direct object + 3rd feminine plural suffix - them", "*gāzît*": "noun, feminine singular - hewn stone/cut stone", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥarbəḵā*": "noun + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sword/tool", "*hēnap̄tā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have wielded/swung/waved", "*ʿālehā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - upon it/her", "*wa-təḥaləlehā*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and you profane/defile it" }, "variants": { "*mizbēaḥ*": "altar/place of sacrifice", "*ʾăbānîm*": "stones/rocks", "*taʿăśeh*": "make/construct/fashion", "*tibneh*": "build/construct", "*gāzît*": "hewn stone/dressed stone/cut stone", "*ḥereb*": "sword/knife/tool", "*hēnap̄tā*": "waved/lifted/swung", "*təḥaləlehā*": "profane/defile/pollute/make common" } }
  • Exod 30:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.1", "source": "וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מִזְבֵּ֖חַ מִקְטַ֣ר קְטֹ֑רֶת עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-ʿāśîtā* *mizbēaḥ* *miqṭar* *qəṭōret* *ʿăṣê* *šiṭṭîm* *taʿăśeh* *ʾōtô*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿāśîtā*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall make", "*mizbēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - altar of", "*miqṭar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning/incense of", "*qəṭōret*": "noun, feminine singular - incense/perfume", "*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - woods of", "*šiṭṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - acacia", "*taʿăśeh*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - you shall make", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it" }, "variants": { "*mizbēaḥ*": "altar, place of sacrifice", "*miqṭar*": "place of burning, censer", "*qəṭōret*": "incense, perfume, smoke of sacrifice", "*šiṭṭîm*": "acacia wood, a hardwood suitable for construction" } } 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.2", "source": "אַמָּ֨ה אָרְכּ֜וֹ וְאַמָּ֤ה רָחְבּוֹ֙ רָב֣וּעַ יִהְיֶ֔ה וְאַמָּתַ֖יִם קֹמָת֑וֹ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ קַרְנֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*ʾammāh* *ʾorkô* *wə-ʾammāh* *roḥbô* *rābûaʿ* *yihyeh* *wə-ʾammātayim* *qōmātô* *mimmennû* *qarnōtāyw*", "grammar": { "*ʾammāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cubit", "*ʾorkô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its length", "*wə-ʾammāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and cubit", "*roḥbô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its width", "*rābûaʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - square", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - it shall be", "*wə-ʾammātayim*": "conjunction + noun, feminine dual - and two cubits", "*qōmātô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its height", "*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it", "*qarnōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its horns" }, "variants": { "*ʾammāh*": "cubit (standard measurement, approximately 18 inches/45 cm)", "*rābûaʿ*": "square, four-sided", "*qarnōtāyw*": "its horns, projections at corners" } } 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.3", "source": "וְצִפִּיתָ֨ אֹת֜וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֗וֹר אֶת־גַּגּ֧וֹ וְאֶת־קִירֹתָ֛יו סָבִ֖יב וְאֶת־קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ לּ֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב׃", "text": "*wə-ṣippîtā* *ʾōtô* *zāhāb* *ṭāhôr* *ʾet-gaggô* *wə-ʾet-qîrōtāyw* *sābîb* *wə-ʾet-qarnōtāyw* *wə-ʿāśîtā* *lô* *zēr* *zāhāb* *sābîb*", "grammar": { "*wə-ṣippîtā*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall overlay", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - pure", "*ʾet-gaggô*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its top", "*wə-ʾet-qîrōtāyw*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and its walls", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around", "*wə-ʾet-qarnōtāyw*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and its horns", "*wə-ʿāśîtā*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall make", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for it", "*zēr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - crown/molding of", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around" }, "variants": { "*ṣippîtā*": "to overlay, to cover", "*zāhāb ṭāhôr*": "pure gold, refined gold", "*zēr*": "crown, molding, ornamental border", "*sābîb*": "around, surrounding" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.4", "source": "וּשְׁתֵּי֩ טַבְּעֹ֨ת זָהָ֜ב תַּֽעֲשֶׂה־לּ֣וֹ ׀ מִתַּ֣חַת לְזֵר֗וֹ עַ֚ל שְׁתֵּ֣י צַלְעֹתָ֔יו תַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה עַל־שְׁנֵ֣י צִדָּ֑יו וְהָיָה֙ לְבָתִּ֣ים לְבַדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֥את אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֵֽמָּה׃", "text": "*û-štê* *ṭabbeʿōt* *zāhāb* *taʿăśeh-lô* *mittaḥat* *lə-zērô* *ʿal* *štê* *ṣalʿōtāyw* *taʿăśeh* *ʿal-šnê* *ṣiddāyw* *wə-hāyāh* *lə-bāttîm* *lə-baddîm* *lāśēʾt* *ʾōtô* *bāhēmmāh*", "grammar": { "*û-štê*": "conjunction + numeral, feminine dual construct - and two of", "*ṭabbeʿōt*": "noun, feminine plural - rings", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold", "*taʿăśeh-lô*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - you shall make for it", "*mittaḥat*": "preposition + noun - from under", "*lə-zērô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for its crown", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*štê*": "numeral, feminine dual construct - two of", "*ṣalʿōtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its sides", "*taʿăśeh*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - you shall make", "*ʿal-šnê*": "preposition + numeral, masculine dual construct - upon two of", "*ṣiddāyw*": "noun, masculine dual construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its sides", "*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - and it shall be", "*lə-bāttîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for houses/holders", "*lə-baddîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for poles", "*lāśēʾt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to carry", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it", "*bāhēmmāh*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them" }, "variants": { "*ṭabbeʿōt*": "rings, circular attachments", "*ṣalʿōtāyw*": "its sides, panels, ribs", "*ṣiddāyw*": "its sides, edges", "*bāttîm*": "houses, holders, receptacles, places", "*baddîm*": "poles, staves for carrying" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.5", "source": "וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֖ים עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וְצִפִּיתָ֥ אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב׃", "text": "*wə-ʿāśîtā* *ʾet-habbaddîm* *ʿăṣê* *šiṭṭîm* *wə-ṣippîtā* *ʾōtām* *zāhāb*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿāśîtā*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall make", "*ʾet-habbaddîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine plural - the poles", "*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - woods of", "*šiṭṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - acacia", "*wə-ṣippîtā*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall overlay", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*zāhāb*": "noun, masculine singular - gold" }, "variants": { "*baddîm*": "poles, staves for carrying sacred objects", "*ʿăṣê šiṭṭîm*": "acacia wood, durable desert hardwood" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.6", "source": "וְנָתַתָּ֤ה אֹתוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־אֲרֹ֣ן הָעֵדֻ֑ת לִפְנֵ֣י הַכַּפֹּ֗רֶת אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־הָ֣עֵדֻ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִוָּעֵ֥ד לְךָ֖ שָֽׁמָּה׃", "text": "*wə-nātattāh* *ʾōtô* *lipnê* *happārōket* *ʾăšer* *ʿal-ʾărōn* *hāʿēdut* *lipnê* *hakappōret* *ʾăšer* *ʿal-hāʿēdut* *ʾăšer* *ʾiwwāʿēd* *ləkā* *šāmmāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-nātattāh*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall put", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - before/in front of", "*happārōket*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the veil/curtain", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿal-ʾărōn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - upon ark of", "*hāʿēdut*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the testimony", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - before/in front of", "*hakappōret*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the mercy seat/cover", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʿal-hāʿēdut*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - upon the testimony", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ʾiwwāʿēd*": "imperfect verb, 1st person singular niphal (passive) - I will meet", "*ləkā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - for you", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*pārōket*": "veil, curtain dividing the holy place from the holy of holies", "*ʾărōn hāʿēdut*": "ark of the testimony, container for the tablets of law", "*kappōret*": "mercy seat, cover, lid of the ark", "*ʿēdut*": "testimony, witness, the tablets of the law", "*ʾiwwāʿēd*": "to meet, to appoint, to gather by appointment" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.7", "source": "וְהִקְטִ֥יר עָלָ֛יו אַהֲרֹ֖ן קְטֹ֣רֶת סַמִּ֑ים בַּבֹּ֣קֶר בַּבֹּ֗קֶר בְּהֵיטִיב֛וֹ אֶת־הַנֵּרֹ֖ת יַקְטִירֶֽנָּה׃", "text": "*wə-hiqṭîr* *ʿālāyw* *ʾahărōn* *qəṭōret* *sammîm* *babbōqer* *babbōqer* *bəhêṭîbô* *ʾet-hannērōt* *yaqṭîrennāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-hiqṭîr*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular hiphil (causative) - and he shall burn", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*qəṭōret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - incense of", "*sammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - spices", "*babbōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the morning", "*babbōqer*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the morning [repetition for emphasis]", "*bəhêṭîbô*": "preposition + infinitive construct hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - when he tends", "*ʾet-hannērōt*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine plural - the lamps", "*yaqṭîrennāh*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular hiphil + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he shall burn it" }, "variants": { "*hiqṭîr*": "to burn, to offer incense, to make smoke", "*qəṭōret sammîm*": "incense of spices, aromatic incense mixture", "*babbōqer babbōqer*": "morning by morning, every morning", "*hêṭîb*": "to tend, to trim, to make good" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.8", "source": "וּבְהַעֲלֹ֨ת אַהֲרֹ֧ן אֶת־הַנֵּרֹ֛ת בֵּ֥ין הָעֲרְבַּ֖יִם יַקְטִירֶ֑נָּה קְטֹ֧רֶת תָּמִ֛יד לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*û-bəhaʿălōt* *ʾahărōn* *ʾet-hannērōt* *bên* *hāʿarbayim* *yaqṭîrennāh* *qəṭōret* *tāmîd* *lipnê* *YHWH* *lə-dōrōtêkem*", "grammar": { "*û-bəhaʿălōt*": "conjunction + preposition + infinitive construct hiphil - and when he sets up", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾet-hannērōt*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine plural - the lamps", "*bên*": "preposition - between", "*hāʿarbayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine dual - the two evenings", "*yaqṭîrennāh*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular hiphil + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he shall burn it", "*qəṭōret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - incense of", "*tāmîd*": "adverb - continually", "*lipnê*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - before", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*lə-dōrōtêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for your generations" }, "variants": { "*haʿălōt*": "to set up, to light, to cause to ascend", "*bên hāʿarbayim*": "between the two evenings, at twilight (the time between sunset and darkness)", "*tāmîd*": "continually, regularly, perpetually", "*dōrōt*": "generations, ages, periods" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.9", "source": "לֹא־תַעֲל֥וּ עָלָ֛יו קְטֹ֥רֶת זָרָ֖ה וְעֹלָ֣ה וּמִנְחָ֑ה וְנֵ֕סֶךְ לֹ֥א תִסְּכ֖וּ עָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*lōʾ-taʿălû* *ʿālāyw* *qəṭōret* *zārāh* *wə-ʿōlāh* *û-minḥāh* *wə-nēsek* *lōʾ* *tissəkû* *ʿālāyw*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ-taʿălû*": "negation + imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine plural hiphil - you shall not offer", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*qəṭōret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - incense of", "*zārāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - strange/unauthorized", "*wə-ʿōlāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and burnt offering", "*û-minḥāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and grain offering", "*wə-nēsek*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and drink offering", "*lōʾ*": "negation - not", "*tissəkû*": "imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall pour", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon it" }, "variants": { "*taʿălû*": "to offer up, to cause to ascend", "*qəṭōret zārāh*": "strange incense, unauthorized incense, foreign incense", "*ʿōlāh*": "burnt offering, that which ascends", "*minḥāh*": "grain offering, gift, tribute", "*nēsek*": "drink offering, libation, poured offering", "*tissəkû*": "to pour out, to pour as libation" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.30.10", "source": "וְכִפֶּ֤ר אַהֲרֹן֙ עַל־קַרְנֹתָ֔יו אַחַ֖ת בַּשָּׁנָ֑ה מִדַּ֞ם חַטַּ֣את הַכִּפֻּרִ֗ים אַחַ֤ת בַּשָּׁנָה֙ יְכַפֵּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְדֹרֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם קֹֽדֶשׁ־קֽ͏ָדָשִׁ֥ים ה֖וּא לַיהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-kipper* *ʾahărōn* *ʿal-qarnōtāyw* *ʾaḥat* *baššānāh* *middam* *ḥaṭṭaʾt* *hakkippurîm* *ʾaḥat* *baššānāh* *yəkappēr* *ʿālāyw* *lə-dōrōtêkem* *qōdeš-qādāšîm* *hûʾ* *la-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-kipper*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular piel - and he shall make atonement", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʿal-qarnōtāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon its horns", "*ʾaḥat*": "numeral, feminine singular - once", "*baššānāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the year", "*middam*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from blood of", "*ḥaṭṭaʾt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - sin offering of", "*hakkippurîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the atonements", "*ʾaḥat*": "numeral, feminine singular - once", "*baššānāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the year", "*yəkappēr*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular piel - he shall make atonement", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*lə-dōrōtêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for your generations", "*qōdeš-qādāšîm*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural - holy of holies", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - it", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to the LORD" }, "variants": { "*kipper*": "to atone, to cover, to expiate", "*qarnōt*": "horns, projections at the corners of the altar", "*ḥaṭṭaʾt*": "sin offering, purification offering", "*kippurîm*": "atonements, expiations", "*qōdeš-qādāšîm*": "holy of holies, most holy, especially sacred" } }
  • Lev 17:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Leviticus.17.5", "source": "לְמַעַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָבִ֜יאוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶֽת־זִבְחֵיהֶם֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵ֣ם זֹבְחִים֮ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י הַשָּׂדֶה֒ וֽ͏ֶהֱבִיאֻ֣ם לַֽיהוָ֗ה אֶל־פֶּ֛תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵ֖ד אֶל־הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וְזָ֨בְח֜וּ זִבְחֵ֧י שְׁלָמִ֛ים לַֽיהוָ֖ה אוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "In order that *benê Yiśrāʾēl* *yābîʾû* *et-zibḥêhem* which they *zōbḥîm* on *penê* the *śādeh*, and *wehĕbîʾum* to *YHWH* to *petaḥ* *ʾōhel môʿēd* to the *kōhēn*, and *wezābḥû* *zibḥê šelāmîm* to *YHWH* them", "grammar": { "*benê Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel", "*yābîʾû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall bring", "*et-zibḥêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person plural suffix - their sacrifices", "*zōbḥîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - sacrificing/slaughtering", "*penê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face/surface of", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field/open country", "*wehĕbîʾum*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive and 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they shall bring them", "*petaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - entrance/opening of", "*ʾōhel môʿēd*": "construct chain - tent of meeting", "*kōhēn*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*wezābḥû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they shall sacrifice", "*zibḥê šelāmîm*": "construct chain - sacrifices of peace offerings" }, "variants": { "*benê Yiśrāʾēl*": "children of Israel/Israelites", "*yābîʾû*": "they shall bring/they may bring", "*zibḥêhem*": "their sacrifices/offerings", "*zōbḥîm*": "sacrificing/slaughtering/offering", "*penê*": "face/surface/open area", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/countryside", "*wehĕbîʾum*": "and they shall bring them/and they must bring them", "*petaḥ*": "entrance/doorway/opening", "*ʾōhel môʿēd*": "tent of meeting/tabernacle of congregation", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiating priest", "*zibḥê šelāmîm*": "peace offerings/fellowship offerings/communion sacrifices" } }
  • Deut 32:16-19 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.16", "source": "יַקְנִאֻ֖הוּ בְּזָרִ֑ים בְּתוֹעֵבֹ֖ת יַכְעִיסֻֽהוּ׃", "text": "*yaqnîʾuhû* *bəzārîm* *bəṯôʿēḇōṯ* *yaḵʿîsuhû*", "grammar": { "*yaqnîʾuhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they made him jealous", "*bəzārîm*": "preposition + masculine plural adjective - with strange ones", "*bəṯôʿēḇōṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - with abominations", "*yaḵʿîsuhû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they provoked him" }, "variants": { "*yaqnîʾuhû*": "they made him jealous/they provoked him to jealousy/they moved him to envy", "*zārîm*": "strange ones/foreigners/alien things", "*tôʿēḇōṯ*": "abominations/detestable things/loathsome practices", "*yaḵʿîsuhû*": "they provoked him/they vexed him/they angered him" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.17", "source": "יִזְבְּח֗וּ לַשֵּׁדִים֙ לֹ֣א אֱלֹ֔הַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְדָע֑וּם חֲדָשִׁים֙ מִקָּרֹ֣ב בָּ֔אוּ לֹ֥א שְׂעָר֖וּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*yizbəḥû* *laššēdîm* *lōʾ* *ʾĕlōah* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lōʾ* *yədāʿûm* *ḥădāšîm* *miqqārōḇ* *bāʾû* *lōʾ* *śəʿārûm* *ʾăḇōṯêḵem*", "grammar": { "*yizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they sacrificed", "*laššēdîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with definite article - to the demons", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾĕlōah*": "masculine singular noun - God/god", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yədāʿûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they knew them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "masculine plural adjective - new ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from recently", "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*śəʿārûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they dreaded them", "*ʾăḇōṯêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers" }, "variants": { "*yizbəḥû*": "they sacrificed/they offered/they slaughtered", "*šēdîm*": "demons/evil spirits/false gods", "*lōʾ ʾĕlōah*": "not God/no god/godless things", "*yədāʿûm*": "they knew them/they were acquainted with them/they recognized them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "new ones/newcomers/recent ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "from recently/from nearby/lately", "*bāʾû*": "they came/they arrived/they appeared", "*śəʿārûm*": "they dreaded them/they feared them/they were terrified of them" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.18", "source": "צ֥וּר יְלָדְךָ֖ תֶּ֑שִׁי וַתִּשְׁכַּ֖ח אֵ֥ל מְחֹלְלֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*ṣûr* *yəlādəḵā* *tešî* *wattiškaḥ* *ʾēl* *məḥōleleḵā*", "grammar": { "*ṣûr*": "masculine singular noun - rock", "*yəlādəḵā*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - who begot you", "*tešî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you forgot/neglected", "*wattiškaḥ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you forgot", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God", "*məḥōleleḵā*": "Polel participle masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - who gave you birth" }, "variants": { "*ṣûr yəlādəḵā*": "rock who begot you/rock who fathered you", "*tešî*": "you forgot/you neglected/you were unmindful", "*wattiškaḥ*": "and you forgot/and you ignored/and you were unmindful", "*ʾēl məḥōleleḵā*": "God who gave you birth/God who brought you forth/God who formed you" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.19", "source": "וַיַּ֥רְא יְהוָ֖ה וַיִּנְאָ֑ץ מִכַּ֥עַס בָּנָ֖יו וּבְנֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyarʾ* *YHWH* *wayyinʾāṣ* *mikkaʿas* *bānāyw* *ûḇənōṯāyw*", "grammar": { "*wayyarʾ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wayyinʾāṣ*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he spurned", "*mikkaʿas*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - from provocation of", "*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*ûḇənōṯāyw*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his daughters" }, "variants": { "*wayyarʾ*": "and he saw/and he observed/and he noticed", "*wayyinʾāṣ*": "and he spurned/and he despised/and he rejected", "*mikkaʿas*": "from provocation/because of anger/due to vexation", "*bānāyw*": "his sons/his children", "*bənōṯāyw*": "his daughters/his female children" } }
  • Deut 32:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.21", "source": "הֵ֚ם קִנְא֣וּנִי בְלֹא־אֵ֔ל כִּעֲס֖וּנִי בְּהַבְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ אַקְנִיאֵ֣ם בְּלֹא־עָ֔ם בְּג֥וֹי נָבָ֖ל אַכְעִיסֵֽם׃", "text": "*hēm* *qinʾûnî* *ḇəlōʾ*-*ʾēl* *kiʿăsûnî* *bəhaḇlêhem* *waʾănî* *ʾaqnîʾēm* *bəlōʾ*-*ʿām* *bəgôy* *nāḇāl* *aḵʿîsēm*", "grammar": { "*hēm*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*qinʾûnî*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they made me jealous", "*ḇəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - god", "*kiʿăsûnî*": "Piel perfect 3rd person common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they provoked me", "*bəhaḇlêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with their vanities", "*waʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*ʾaqnîʾēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will make them jealous", "*bəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - with no", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*bəgôy*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - with nation", "*nāḇāl*": "masculine singular adjective - foolish", "*aḵʿîsēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - I will provoke them" }, "variants": { "*qinʾûnî*": "they made me jealous/they provoked me to jealousy/they stirred me to jealousy", "*bəlōʾ-ʾēl*": "with no god/with what is not god/with a non-deity", "*kiʿăsûnî*": "they provoked me/they vexed me/they made me angry", "*haḇlêhem*": "their vanities/their idols/their worthless things", "*ʾaqnîʾēm*": "I will make them jealous/I will provoke them to jealousy", "*bəlōʾ-ʿām*": "with no people/with what is not a nation/with a non-people", "*gôy nāḇāl*": "foolish nation/senseless nation/contemptible people", "*aḵʿîsēm*": "I will provoke them/I will anger them/I will vex them" } }
  • 2 Kgs 17:14-17 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.14", "source": "וְלֹ֖א שָׁמֵ֑עוּ וַיַּקְשׁ֤וּ אֶת־עָרְפָּם֙ כְּעֹ֣רֶף אֲבוֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א הֶאֱמִ֔ינוּ בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə*-*lōʾ* *shāmēʿū* *wə*-*yaqshū* *ʾet*-*ʿorpām* like-*ʿōref* *ʾăbōtām* *ʾăsher* *lōʾ* *heʾĕmînū* in-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*shāmēʿū*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they listened", "*wə-yaqshū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd common plural - they hardened", "*ʾet-ʿorpām*": "direct object marker with noun and 3rd masculine plural suffix - their neck", "*kə-ʿōref*": "preposition with construct - like neck of", "*ʾăbōtām*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*heʾĕmînū*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - they believed", "*ba-YHWH*": "preposition with divine name - in YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God" }, "variants": { "*shāmēʿū*": "listened/obeyed/heeded", "*yaqshū*": "hardened/stiffened", "*ʿōref*": "neck/stubbornness", "*heʾĕmînū*": "believed/trusted/had faith" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.15", "source": "וַיִּמְאֲס֣וּ אֶת־חֻקָּ֗יו וְאֶת־בְּרִיתוֹ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֣ת אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֔ם וְאֵת֙ עֵֽדְוֺתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵעִ֖יד בָּ֑ם וַיֵּ֨לְכוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י הַהֶ֙בֶל֙ וַיֶּהְבָּ֔לוּ וְאַחֲרֵ֤י הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר סְבִֽיבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשׂ֥וֹת כָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "And they *māʾas* *ʾēt*-*ḥuqqāh* his, and *ʾēt*-*bᵊrît* his which he *kārat* *ʾēt*-fathers their, and *ʾēt*-*ʿēdût* his which he *ʿûd* against them; and they *hālak* after the *hebel* and they *hābal*, and after the *gôy* which around them, which *ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾōtām* to not *ʿāśâ* like them.", "grammar": { "*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they rejected/despised", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ḥuqqāh*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his statutes/decrees", "*bᵊrît*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*kārat*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he cut/made [covenant]", "*ʿēdût*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his testimonies/witnesses", "*ʿûd*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he testified/witnessed", "*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked/went", "*hebel*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vanity/emptiness", "*hābal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they became vain/worthless", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations/gentiles", "*ṣiwwâ*": "Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make" }, "variants": { "*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*ḥuqqāh*": "statutes/decrees/laws", "*bᵊrît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*kārat*": "cut/make [covenant]/establish", "*ʿēdût*": "testimonies/witnesses/warnings", "*ʿûd*": "testify/witness/warn", "*hebel*": "vanity/emptiness/worthlessness/idols", "*hābal*": "become vain/worthless/act foolishly", "*gôy*": "nations/gentiles/peoples" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.16", "source": "וַיַּעַזְב֗וּ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֔ם וַיַּעֲשׂ֥וּ לָהֶ֛ם מַסֵּכָ֖ה שְׁנֵ֣י עֲגָלִ֑ים וַיַּעֲשׂ֣וּ אֲשֵׁירָ֗ה וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲווּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַיַּעַבְד֖וּ אֶת־הַבָּֽעַל׃", "text": "And they *ʿāzab* *ʾēt*-all-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *ʿāśâ* for them *massēkâ* two *ʿēgel*; and they *ʿāśâ* *ʾăšērâ*, and they *šāḥâ* to all-*ṣābāʾ* the *šāmayim*, and they *ʿābad* *ʾēt*-the *baʿal*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāzab*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they forsook/abandoned", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they made", "*massēkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol", "*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine plural construct - calves", "*ʾăšērâ*": "noun, feminine singular - Asherah pole/sacred tree", "*šāḥâ*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they bowed down", "*ṣābāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - host/army of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*ʿābad*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they served/worshiped", "*baʿal*": "proper noun with definite article - the Baal" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzab*": "forsake/abandon/leave", "*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/metal statue", "*ʿēgel*": "calves/young bulls", "*ʾăšērâ*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/pagan goddess", "*šāḥâ*": "bow down/prostrate/worship", "*ṣābāʾ*": "host/army/assembly", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʿābad*": "serve/worship/work for", "*baʿal*": "Baal/lord/master [Canaanite deity]" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.17", "source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃", "text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.", "grammar": { "*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire", "*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination", "*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations", "*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments", "*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling", "*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles", "*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs", "*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong", "*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger" } }
  • 2 Kgs 22:17 : 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.22.17", "source": "תַּ֣חַת ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְמַ֙עַן֙ הַכְעִיסֵ֔נִי בְּכֹ֖ל מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְדֵיהֶ֑ם וְנִצְּתָ֧ה חֲמָתִ֛י בַּמָּק֥וֹם הַזֶּ֖ה וְלֹ֥א תִכְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "Under *asher* *azavuni* *wayeqatteru* to-*elohim* *acherim* for-purpose *hakh'iseni* with-all *ma'aseh* *yedeyhem* and-*nitstsah* *chamati* in-the-*maqom* the-this and-not *tikhbeh*.", "grammar": { "*asher*": "relative particle - which/that", "*azavuni*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural + 1st person singular suffix - they have forsaken me", "*wayeqatteru*": "verb, waw-consecutive imperfect, Piel, 3rd person masculine plural - and they burned incense", "*elohim*": "common noun, masculine plural - gods", "*acherim*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*hakh'iseni*": "verb, Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - to provoke me to anger", "*ma'aseh*": "common noun, masculine, singular construct - work of", "*yedeyhem*": "common noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*nitstsah*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is kindled", "*chamati*": "common noun, feminine, singular + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*maqom*": "common noun, masculine, singular - place", "*tikhbeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be quenched" }, "variants": { "*azavuni*": "forsaken me/abandoned me", "*wayeqatteru*": "burned incense/offered sacrifices to", "*elohim acherim*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*hakh'iseni*": "provoke me to anger/provoke my wrath", "*ma'aseh yedeyhem*": "work of their hands/their deeds/their made things [idols]", "*nitstsah chamati*": "my wrath is kindled/my anger is ignited", "*tikhbeh*": "be quenched/be extinguished" } }